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_ A FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
'SUBJECT:,_ FREDERICK
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it G March 12. was
DUQUESNE SPY RING
On January 2, 192, 33 members of a Nazi spy ring ,
headed by Frederick Joubert Duquesne were sentenced to serve atotal of over 300 years in prison. They were brought to Justice
after a lengthy espionage investigation by the FBI. William
Sebold, who had been recruited as a spy for Germany, was a major
factor in the FBI's successful resolution of this case through
his work as a double agent for the United States.
A native of Germany, William Sebold served in the ~
German army during World War I. After leaving Germany in 1921,
he worked in industrial and aircraft plants throughout the
United States and South America. On February 10, 1936, he became
a naturalized eitizen.Qf the United tates. U ~
Sebold returned to Germany in February, 1939, to visit
his mother in Mulheim. Upon his arrival in Hamburg, Germany, he
was approached by a member of the Gestapo who said that Sebeld
would be contacted in the near future. Sebold proceeded to 2
Mulheim where he obtained employment. .
~ in September, 1939, a Dr. Gassner visited Sebold in
Mulheim and interrogated him regarding military planes and
equipment in the United States. He also asked Sebold to return
to the United States as an espionage agent for Germany.
Subsequent visits by Dr. Gassner and a "Dr. Renken," later 9
identified as Major Nickolaus Bitter of the German Secret
Service, persuaded Sebold to cooperate with the Reich because he
feared reprisals against family members still living in Germany.
Since Sebold's passport had been stolen-shortly after
his first visit from Dr. Gassner, Sebold went to the American
Consulate in Cologne, Germany, to obtain a7new one. While doing
so, Sebold secretly told personnel of the American Consulate
_about his future role as a German agent.and expressed.his wish to
Sebold reported to Hamburg, Germany, where he was
instructed in such areas as preparing coded messages and
microphotographs Upon completion of training, he was given five
microphotographs containing instructions for preparing a code and
detailing the type of information he was to transmit to Germanycooperate with the FBI upon his return to America. u
from the United States. Sebold was told to retain two of the
* r-microphotograph§-and to deliver the other thnee to German-
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operatives in.tha;Un§ted States, After receining £ial_f d V
instruotions,.inoluding using the assumed namh5of,§§arry Sahysr,"he sailed from G§naa,§1taly, and arrived iq§@W York Citroen "February 8,l1940; *o_» by V t it = pg "V ,r
_ The FBI previously had been advised of Sebold's M
expected arrival, his mission and his intentions to assist theme-
in identifying German agents in the United States. Under thee j
guidance of Special Agents, Sebold established residence in 5
New York City as Harry Sawyer. Also, an office was establishednfor him as a consultant diesel engineer, to be used as a cover in
establishing contacts with members of the spy ring. In selecting
this office for Sebold, FBI Agents ensured that they could T
observe any meetings taking place there. -
_ In May, 190, a shortwave radio transmitting station.
operated by FBI Agents on Long Island established contact with
the German shortwave station abroad. This radio station served
as a main channel of communication between German spies in, '
New York City and their superiors in Germany for 16 months.?
During this time, the FBI's radio station transmitted over.30O
messages to Geranyasand received ZQQ m¢§§a5¢§hf'°m Germany.
Seholdjs success asia counterespionae agent againstNazi spies in the United States is demonstrated by thevsuccessful
prosecution of the 33 German agents in New Xerhe Qt those, t
arrested on charges of espionage, 19 pleaded guilty. the it menwho entered pleas of not guilty were brought to trial in Federal
District Court, Brooklyn, New York, on September 3, i9M1, and
they were all found guilty by Jury on December 13, t9§1.
' The activities of each of these convicted spies and
$ebo1d's role in uncovering their espionage activities for the
Reich follo. -
FREDERICK JOUBERT DUQUESNE . e
Born in Cape Colony, South Africa, on September 21,
1877, Frederick Joubert Duquesne emigrated from Hamilton, _Bermuda, to the United States in 1902 and became a naturalized
United States citizen on December N, 1913. Duquesne was
implicated in fraudulent insurance claims, including one that
resulted from a fire aboard the British steamship Tennyson which
caused the vessel to sink on February 18, 1916 When he was arrested on November 17, 1917;whe had in his=possessionea'large,~
file of news clippings concerning bomb explosions on ships, as
well as a letter from the Assistant German Vice Consul at
Managua, Nicaragua. The letter indicated that "Captain Duquesne"
was "one who has rendered considerable service to the German
cause." " ¢
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first contact with vgqgeeaa syaieteaa, seaeia met w&%h;h¥m$in 1*;
Duquesne's office. During their initial meeting, uquesne, whoT*
-was extremely concerned about the possibility of electronic ~.Ai
surveillance devices being present in his office, gave Sebold ay
note stating that they should talk elsewhere; After relocating;
to an Automat, the two men exchanged information about members_og
the German espionage system with whom they had been in oontactgnv
_ Duquesne provided Sebold with information for
transmittal to Germany during subsequent meetings, and themeetings which occurred in SebQldY5°ffi¢e "ere filmed by FBI In
Agents. Duquesne, who was vehemently anti-British, submitted in
information dealing with national defense in America, the sailing
ct ships to British ports and technology. He also regularly
received money from Germany in payment for his services. ,
* On one occasion, Euquesne provided Sebold with
photographs_and specifications of a new type of bomb being
Frodnoed in the Hnited States: He claimed that he secured that
material by seoretly;en¬eFi§§ the uPoat plant in Wilmington;Delaware. paquesne also explained how fires could be started in
industrial'$§ants. -Much of the information Duquesne obtained was
the result of his correspondence with industrial concerns. v
Representing himself as a stndent, he requested dataIconcerning"
their products and manufacturing conditions.
1 .Duquesne was brought to trial and was convicted. he
'was sentenced to serveI18 years in prison on espionage charges,
as well as»a 2-year concurrent sentence and payment of a $2,009
fine for violation of the Registration Act. -
PAUL BANTE '"
" A native of Germany, Paul Bante served in the German_
army during World Har I. He came to the United States in 1930
and became a naturalized United States citizen in 1938. y A
Bante, formerly a member of the German-American Bund,
claimed that Germany put him in contact with one of their-
operatives, Paul Fehse, because of Bante's previous association
with a Dr. Ignatz T. Griebl.. Before fleeing to Germany to escape
I~"prosecution, Dr. Griebl had been implicated ins: aziaspy ring~~
with Guenther Gustave Rumrich, who was tried on"espionage charges
in 1938. -I " - ,n
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H .@,"Bante assisted Rahl Fehse in obtaining information ;%
aabout ships bound for Britain with gar materials and supplies.~»"
Bante elaimed that asia member of the Gestapo his function was;ao
create disoontentwamong~nnion workers, stating that every stridewould assist Germany; 1 - .;§
Sebold met Bante at the Little Casino Restaurant, which
was frequented by several members of this spy ring. During one
such meeting, Bante advised that he was preparing a fuse bomb,
and he subsequently delivered dynamite and detonation caps to LSebold.. 1 '
-' Entering a guilty plea to violation of the Registration
Act, Bante was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment and was fined$1,000. 1
MAX BERNK
to the United States from Germany in
became a United 8tates citizen, Blank
York City at a German library and atra
to German trade,
. Paul Fehse, a major figure in this case, informed
Germany that Blank, who was acquainted with several members of
the spy ring, could secure some valuable information but lacked
the funds to do so. Later Fehse and Blank met with Sebold in his
office., They told Sebold that Blank could obtain details about,
rubberized self-sealing airplane gasoline tanks, as well as a new
Braking device for airplanes, from a friend who worked in a Max Blank came
1928, Although he never
had been employed in New
boon store whioh oateree
-shipyard. However, he needed money to get the infonmation. _
' Blank pleaded guilty to violation of the Registration
Act. He received a sentence of 18 months imprisonment and a
$1,000 fine. ' ~e
. ALFRED E. BROKOFF
Alfred E. Brokhoff, a native of Germany, came to the
United States in 1923 and became a naturalized citizen in 1929.
He was a mechanic for the United States Lines in New York City
for 17 years prior to his arrest. Because of his employment on
-the docks, he knew almost all of the other agents in this group
who were working as seamen on various ships. _ _
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" '" Brokhoff helped Fehse secure informationabout the
sailing dates and cargoes of vessels destined for England; He
also assisted Fehse in transmitting this information to Germany.
Also, another German agent, George V. Leo Waalen, reported that
he had received information from Brokhoff for transmittal to
Germany. L -
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fiveeyear prises term for violation cf the espionage atatutes_am@Mto serve a~twc4yearteencurrent sentence for violation sf the Qt.Registration,Act-:_ " 1 tr» p
HEINRICH CLAUSING R 1
< 1 In September, 1934, German-born Heinrich Clausing came
to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1
1938. Having served on various ships sailing from New York y
Harbor since his arrival in the country, he was employed as a
cook on the SS Argentine at the_time of his arrest. _
Closely associated with Franz Stigler, one of the
principal contact men for this spy ring, Clausing operated as a
courier. .He'transported microphotographs and other material from
the United States to South American ports, from which the J
information was sent to Germany via Italian airlines. He also 2
established a mail drop in South America for expeditious ~ t _
transmittal of information to Germany by mail.
0 iausing was consisted and was sentenced to serve eight
years for violation of espionage statutes. He also received a »
two-year concurrent sentence for violation of the Registration
" V I CONRADIN OTTO DOLD
9 Conradin Otto Dold came to the United States from
Germany in 1926. He became a United States citizen in 193M under
the Seaman's Act.' Prior to his arrest, he was Chief Steward 1 _
aboard the S§'Siboney of the American Export.Lines.
Dold was related to people holding high positions in
Germany and was closely associated with other members of the
espionage group who worked on ships sailing from New York Harbor.
As a courier, Dold carried information from Nazi agents in the
United States to contacts in neutral ports abroad for transmittal
to Germany. _
Dold was sentenced to serve ten years in prison on
espionage charges and received a two-year concurrent sentence andga fine of $1,000 for violation of the Registration Act. 1
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After leaving Germany for the United States in 1925,
Rudolf Ebeling became an American citizen in 1933. He was
employed as-a foreman in the Shipping Department of Harper and
Brothers in New York City when he was arrested.
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'4>w Vupon conviction; Eheling was sentenced to five years in
prispn on espionage charges.V He also received a two~year X
coneurrent sentence and a $1,000 fine for violating the 1
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g. Richard Eichenlaub, who came to the United States in
1930 and became a citizen in 1936, operated the Little Casino
Restaurant in the Yonkville Section of New York City. This
restaurantVwas a rendezvous sea many members of this spy ring,
and Eichenlaut introduced several new members into the group.
r Eichenlaub reported to the German Gestapo and often -
obtained information from his customers who were engaged in
national deiense production, Through Eichenlaub, dynamite wasdelivered te»Sebold £:dm<Bante. ' C
' pf; Q>QBa?§§g entered_a plea of guilty to violation of the
gegistratioq see, Eichenlaub was sentencedato pay a fine of
$1,000 and to serve 18 months in prison. ; V
. '1' ' ~ V HEINRICH cm. swans - V
j A native of Germany, Heinrich Carl EiLers came to the
United States in 1923 and became a citizen in 1932¢ From 1933
until his arnest,Vhe served as a steward on ships sailing from
New York City.
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Eilers made a.trip from New York to Washington, D.C.,
to obtain information for Germany from the Civil Aeronautics
Authority. His mission, however, was unsuccessful.
_ At the time of his arrest in New York City by Customs
authorities in June, 1930, he had in his possession 20 letters
addressed to people throughout Europe. He also had books_
relating to magnesium andVa1uminum alloys which had been sent to
him by Edmund Carl Heine, one of the principal espionage agents
in this group.,eq£M¬ $Q £HV,§, ,,, _§g, V.,m%g§&é§gé$%¬§,£?,
' Upon conviction, Eilers received a five~year prison
sentence on espionage charges and a concurrent sentence of two
years' imprisonment and a $1,000 tine under the Registration Act.
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, In~193H, Paul Fehse left Germany for the United States,
where he became a citizen in 1938. Since his arrival in this ,
country, he had been employed as a cook aboard ships sailing fromNew York Harbor. . ,
" Fehse was one of the directing forces in this espionage
group. He arranged meetings, directed members activities,
correlated information that had been developed, and arranged forits transmittal to Germany, chiefly through Sebold. Fehse, who
was trained for espionage work in Hamburg, Germany, claimed he
headed the Marine Division of the German espionage system in theUnited States. 1 1
1 Having become quite apprehensive and nervous, Fehse
made plans to leave the country. He obtained a position on theSS Siboney, which was scheduled to sail from Hoboken, New Jersey,
for Lisbon, Portugal, on March 29, 1941. He planned to desertship in Lisbon and return to Germany. .
mnevsr, before he could leare the United States, Fehsewas arrested by FBI Agents. Upon arrest, he admitted sendingletters to Italy for transmittal to dermany, as well as reportingthe movements of British ships; 1
,' On April 1, 19H1, Fehse was sentenced on a plea of "guilty to serve one year and one day in prison for violation ofthe Registration Aot.. He subsequently pleaded guilty to
espionage and received a prison sentence-of 15 years.
. EDHUND.CARL nexus ' '
A native of Germany, Edmund Carl Heine came to the-United States in 1910 and became a naturalized citizen in 1920.
Until 1938, he held various positions in the foreign sales and
service departments of Ford Motor Company and Chrysler Motor
Corporation. His employment took him to the West Indies, _
South America, Spain, and Berlin, Germany. -Heine was closely
associated with Dr. Hans Luther, former German Ambassador in 1
Washington, D.C., and Prince Louis Ferdinand of Berlin. '
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j * ~ ¢ia ¢$@ @> ;;@%it.,itnrA V1_V After cetaiaing'tt%hne¢at¬§nees,ra1eean yea a@Eneei@§§andsaldminumgaleygeinejgggt,thermaterils,tc,%,i§?ie .Eiler§ga; To ensure safe deliiery of the eaeea~te=aersaee ihf$hs@~they¥di;t. not reach Eilers, Heine inicated'the return address on the,
package as the address of Lilly Stein. _
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Upon conviction of violating the Registration Act,.
Heine received a $5,000 fine and a two~year prison sentence.
FELIX JAHNKE ' "
. 92 5
, In 192M, Felix Jahnke left Germany for the V _
United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1930.
Jahnke had attended military school in Germany and had served in
the German army as a radio operator. _ - *¢.
i Jahnke and Axel Wheeler-Hill secured the services of
Josef Klein, a radio technician, in building a portable radio set
for Jahnke's apartment in the Bronx. Jahnke used this radio to
transmit messages, which were intercepted by the FBI, to Germany.
He also_visited_the docks inggw York harbor to obtain
iaieemation about any vessels genie for England. V *
- After pleading guilty to violation of the Registration
Act, Jahnke was sentenced to serve 20 months in prison and to pay
a $1,000 fine. e ;, - V . A ;
GUSTAV WILHELNVKAERCHER , »
- Gustav Wilhelm Kaercher came to the United Stateswin _
1923, becoming a citizen in 1931. He served in the German army
during World War I and was a former leader of the German Band in
New York. During visits to Germany, he was seen to have worn a"
German army officer's uniform. At the time of his arrest ghe wasengaged in designing power plants for the American Gas ané
- Electric Company in New York City.
Kaercher was arrested with Paul Scholtz,-who had Just
handed Kaercher a table of call letters and frequencies for
transmitting information to Germany by radio. V
As a result of his guilty plea to charges of violating
the Registration Act, Kaercher received a $2,000 fine and a 'iprison sentence of 22 months; ~ e »,~»= ~%§gg§§§e$:zpa@@$a+<g
' JOSEF KLEIN V V_
A native of Germany, Josef Klein came to the 1 _
United States in 1925; he did not become a citizen. elein,-a »+
photographer and lithographer, had been interested in the
building and operation of shortwave radio transmitters..
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be used for transmitting messages to ermany. *i » i?n mm
' Upon conviction, Klein received a sentence of five 92
years! imprisonment on espionage.charges and a concurrent x
sentence of two years imprisonment under the Registration Act.v ~ ..>~. 1 921 "" ' +aAaIu1e'a1caAap xtezss ti
~ , ,Born in Germany, Hartwig Richard Kleiss came to this
country in*I925 and became a naturalized citizen six years later.
Following his arrival in the United States, he was employed as a
cook on various ships. ~ , it
Kleiss obtained information for Germany, including *
blueprints of the SS America which showed the locations of newly
installed gun emplacements. he included information about how
guns would be brought into position for firing. Kleiss a1so~
obtained details on the construction and Performance of new ~ A
gpgedggtsi6ein§*§eVel0pEdby the United States Navy, which he 3
submitte3 toSEBo1d*?§F transmitta1itp~ermany:S _'/ ' » .. > , .
;y§,n niyhleiss had originally chosen so stand trial. However;
after,eress¢examinatien, he ehangedhhis plea to guilty onroharge
of espionage and received an eight~year~prison sentence. ~¢
-1 S f Htanau w. LAKG " ȤY,
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< Barman W. Lang came to the United States from Getmany
in 1927 and became a citizen in 1939. he was one of four people
Sebold had Been told to contact in the United States. <
Until his arrest, Lang had been employed by a company
manufacturing highly confidential materials essential to the
national defense of the United States. During a visit to Germany
in 1938, Lang conferred with German military authorities and
reconstructed plans of the confidential materials from memory. '
Upon conviction, Lang received a_sentence of 18 years
in prison on espionage charges and a 2-year concurrent sentence
under the Registration Act. - ' -
* - " ~ * it tvstyu ctnrrou LEWIS * %5~ ?*§w#
- A native of Arkansas, Evelyn Clayton Lewis had been -
_ living with Frederick Joubert Duquesne in New York City. Miss 4
g Lewis had expressed heraanti-British-and.anti-Semitic feelings
during her relationship with Duquesne. She was aware of his
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' Upon a guilty plea, Miss Lewis was sentenced to serveii
one year and one day in prison for violation of the Registration
Act. '
' ~ ', RENE EMANUEL MEZENEN L
Rene Emanuel Mezenen, a Frenchman, claimed "
United States citizenship through the naturalization of his -
father. Prior to his arrest he was employed as a steward in the
transatlantic clipper service. "
The German Intelligence Service in Lisbon, Portugal,
asked Mezenen to act as a courier, transmitting information
between the United States and Portugal on his regular trips on
the clipper. He accepted this offer for financial gain, In the
course of flights across the Atlantic, Mezenen also reported his
observance of convoys sailing for England. He also became a
inuclxed in smuggling platinum from the United States to '
P6¥§H§él; ~, p L 1 '
' V Following a plea of guilty, Mezenen received an eight-
year prison term for espionage and two concurrent years for
registration violations. e
U ~ CARL REUPER -
~ _ Having come to the United States from Germany in 1929,
Carl Reuper became a citizen in 1936. Prior to his arrest he
served as aninspector for the Westinghouse Electric Company in
Newark, New Jersey.
Reuper obtained photographs for Germany relating to
national defense materials and construction, which he obtained
from his_employment. He arranged radio contact with Germany ~
through the station established by Felix Jahnke. On one
occasion, he conferred with Sebold regarding Sebold's facilities
for communicating with German authorities.
Upon conviction, Reuper was sentenced to 16 years
imprisonment on espionage charges and 2 years concurrent sentence nnderathe Registration Act. s» -» =*-~§g§;g§§§§g,¢a
- svznswr MINSTER no£n£n~ .¢a..
Born in the Bronx, New York, Roeder was a draftsman and
designer of confidential materials for the United States Army and
Navy. '
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f» G $eho1@,had ddliveredimierohdtcgrhph ihiégetichs to he
=Roeder,-as crdcredsby German authorities. _Rhed%fg§§dYSebold met}
.in public places and~poceeded to spots where theytdould talk Q
privately. * 9 it V,
In 1936, Roeder had visited Germany and was requested,
by German authorities to act as an espionage agent. Primarily 9due to monetary rewards he would receive, Roeder agreed. r
Roeder entered a guilty plea to the charge of espionage
and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. p v G
PAUL ALFRED H. SCUOLZ ~
A German native, Paul Scholz came to the United States
in 1926 but never attained citizenship. He had been employed in
German book stores in New York City, where he disseminated Nazi
propaganda. ' 9
. Schola had arranged for Josef Klein to construct the
radio set used by Felix Jahnke and Axel Hheelcr-Hill. At the
time of his arrest, $chcia~had just given Gustay Hilhelm Kaerchgj
a list of radio call letters and frequencies. He also encouraged -
members of this spy ring to secure data for Germany and arranged
contacts between various German asents.i 1
Upon conviction, Scholz was sentenced to 16 years '
imprisonment for espionage with 2 years concurrent sentenceunder the Registration Act. s' . " 1
é= 1 GEORGE GOTTLOB SCHUH
' George Schuh, a native of Germany, came to the ,W
United States in 1923. He became a citizen in 1939 and was
employed as a carpenter.
As a German agent, he sent information directly to the
¢ Gestapo in Hamburg, Germany, from this country._ Schuh had
provided Alfred Brokhoff information that Winston Churchill had
»arrived in the United States on the HMS George V. He also.
furnished information to Germany concerning the movement_of ships
carrying materials and supplies to Britain. ~ *
k iH&%§§¬¬' avin8?51eaded Guilty to .1.1.=...<¢f¢iié%§ZEI;t..t1.. i
Act, Schuh received a sentence of 18 months in prison and a
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1929¢and attained eititenship in j936.ole nae served»as*chief QQJbutcher on the SS Emerita until it was taken over by the InUnited States Navy. *~ 0 A
g - f A courier, Siegler brought microphotographic '
instructions to $ebold from German authorities on one occasion.
He also had brought $2,900 from German contacts abroad to pay r
Lilly Stein, Duquesne and Roeder for their services and to buy a
pomb sight. He served the espionage group as an organizer_and
contact man, and he also obtained information about the movement
of ships and.mi1itary defense preparations at the Panama Canal.
Subsequent to his conviction, Siegler was sentenced to
10 years imprisonment on espionage charges and a concurrent
2-year term for violation of the Registration Act.
» OSCAR RICHARD STABLER
l e<;§ Born in Germany; Oscar Stabier came to this country in
1923 and beeamere oitizen ihJ1933a e had been employed
primarily as a barherganoarditransoceanic ships.
at B 0 In Decemhen@r1§$B, gyatish authorities in Bermuda found
a map of Gibnalter in his possession. aelwas detained for a .
short period hetero being released ].' . 1 » .
- » p A close associate of Conradin Qtto Dold, Stabler served
as a gourier, transmitting information between German agents in
the United States and contacts ebroadb
eStab1er was convicted and sentenced to serve fiveayears
in prison for espionage and a two-year concurrent term under the
Registration Act.
HEINRICH STADE .
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_ Heinrich Stade came to the United States from Germany
in 1922 and became a citizen in 1929. Stade had arranged.for
Paul Bante's contact with Sebold and had transmitted data to
Germany regarding points of rendezvous for convoys carrying
supplies to England. a , ~: a~ , ,%§§§§§%§@#,n;
Following a guilty plea to violation of the
Registration Act, Stade was fined $1,000 and received a 15-month
prison sentence. . _
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_ til» Born in vienna,'Aus%ri%, Lilly Stein. met Hugo_Sebo1d;
the espionage instructor uheVhad trained William Sebold the two
mentwere not related! in Hamburg, Germany. She enrolled in this.
school and was sent to the United States in 1939.
-' 4 Lilly Stein was one of the people to whom Sebold had
been instructed to deliver microphotograph instructions upon his
arrival in this country. v$he frequently met with Sebold to give
him information tor transmittal to Germany, and her address wasused as a return address by other agents in mailing data for
Germany. an
_ Miss Stein pleaded guilty and received sentences of 10
years and 2 concurrent years imprisonment for violations of
espionage and registration statutes, respectively. _
FRANZ JOSEPH STIGLER .
in 1931, Eran: Stigler left Germany for the
United States, where he became_a.citizen in 1939. He had beenemployed as a crew member aboard United States ships until his
discharge from the SS America when the United States Navy
converted that ship into the U85 West Point. v
His constant companion was Erwin Siegler, and they
operated as couriers in transmitting information between the
United States and German agents abroad. Stigler sought to
recruit amateur radio operators in the United States as channels
of communication to German radio stations. He had also observed
and reporteddefense preparations in the Canal Zone and had metwith other German agents to advise them in their espionage T
pursuits.
Upon conviction, Stigler was-sentenced to serve 16years in prison on espionage charges with 2 concurrent years for
registration violations.
ERICH STRUNCK - -
' A seaman aboard ships of the United States Lines since
his arrival in this country, Erich Strunck came to the ,- V ."iUnited States Tromiermany 1n W927."~He'became a@maturali2ed' * citizen in 1935." ~- - s ' '
. As a courier, Strunck carried messages between German
agents in the United States and Europe. He requested authorityto steal the diplomatic bag of a British officer traveling aboard
gis ship and to dispose of the officer by pushing him overboard.ebold convinced him that it would be t°° risky t0 d0 80- '.;. ,.w. 1%
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; . LEO waALEn'i- a my e
Haalen was born in Danzig while that city was under,German domination. He entered the United States by "jumpingship" about 1935. He was a painter~forga small boat companywhich was constructing small craft for the United States Navy.
, Waalen gathered information about ships sailing forEngland. He also obtained a confidential booklet issued by theFBI which contained precautions tc be taken by industrial plantsto safeguard national defense materials from sabotage. Waalenalso secured Gcvernment contracts listing specifications for inmaterials and equipment, as well as detailed sea charts of_the'United States Atlantic coastline.
Following his conviction, Uaalen was sentenced to 12years in prison icr espionage gnd a concurrent 2-year term forvieelaticn thazjtegiatraucn act. 1. P
-_ anoir nanny aucusr wiisstasnsxi '
Ajerman native, Nalischewski had been a seaman since 1maturity. He became a naturalized citizen in 1935. '
Walischeuski became connected"with the German espipnage_system through Paul Fehse. His duties were confined t§n§gase~cfjcourier, carrying data from agents in the United states can V2contacts abroad. ' 1?
Upon conviction, Walischewski received a five~year eprison sentence on espionage charges, as well as a two-yearconcurrent sentence under the Registration Act.
ELSE WEUSTENFELD "
Else Weustenfeld arrived in the United States fromGermany in 1927 and became a citizen 10 years later. From 1935,. until her arrest,'she was a secretary for a law firm representing "the German Consulate in New York City. Y ; p
-ss;ua@%¢ ;.? % .»= - ~ .-~¢ ma» N. c* "* £ " Miss Weustenfeld was thoroughly acquaintedawith*the **=~in pniscngen,espianage charges. .£efalsa nae sentcaed te serne a.~- T
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Ri<%V*5eiV was awed #HeVVnaa>v en;iase§V?*ne§e e Gefiian§;V agent. Iniwesa, naeeesarela visited Hans nstterfennhexiee, wherei; ' he_was sefvingwas a paymaster for the GeraanVInte11igenoe V'?V Service. V "l . - " 4>7" V > WV, V V "Vgi After pleading guilty, Else Heustenfeld-was sentenced§~ to five years! imprisonmentVon charge of espionageVand two2 concurrent years on charge of registration violations.V7: _ .
V; AXEL WHEELER-HILL - V
y J V Axel Wheeler-Hill came to the United States in 1923
V from his native land of Russia. Vhe was naturalized as a citizenV in 1929 and was employed as a truck driver.V"; V
Wheelerkhill obtained information for Germany regarding2, ships sailing to Britain from New York harbor. with Felix 'Jahnke, he enlisted the aid of Paul Sohalz in building a radio ,set for sending coded messages to Germany.
"~ aa11essng»ees»seesas, Hheeler~Hill-V85 eeféced to V
serve 15 years i%e§fiS©B for espionage and 2 concurrent years »under the Registration Act. Vx V.
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V Born in Germany, Zenzinger eameVto the United States in19HO as aVnaturalized citizen of the Union of South Afrgca. Hisreported reason for coming to this country was to stud$fmechanical dentistry in Los Angeles, California. F%_* -
In July 1900, Zenzinger received a pencil for preparinginvisible messages for Germany in the mail from Siegler. He sent
several letters to Germany through a mail drop in Sweden
outlining details of national defense materials.
Zenzinger was arrested by FBI Agents on April T6, 19H1.Pleading guilty, he received 18 months in prison for violation ofthe Registration Act and 8 years imprisonment for espionage. '
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