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LOYALTY IR G RNMIENT
A little over eighteen months ago the
junior Senator from Wisconsin an-
nounced to a woman's club in Wheel-
ing, W. Va., that he had in his hand
s list oi! more than two hundred per-
sonswho were known to the Secretary
of State as being members of the Com-
munist party and who nevertheless are
still working and shaping the policy of
the State _Department. The Senator
was, of course, Joseph R. McCarthy,
and the speech was the first of a series
that, unfortunately, has not yet ended.
The number of alleged Communists
Mr. McCarthy has detected in and out
of the State Department has been al-
most as variable as the weather, but
his theme has been con.sistent.- He
has not, however, uncovered a single
pi-oven spy.
In our view, this McCarthy ruckus
has been not only tremendously harm-
ful but also tragically unnecessary, It
is often forgotten, but none the less
true, that years before McCarthy had
made any impact on the national scene
B U1°10l-lghgoing loyalty and security
program had been instituted for Gov-
ernment employes under a Presidential
order 0! March 21, 1947. Under this
program the records of all employee or
prospective employes of the Federal
Government are checked against F. B. I.
tiles. If any derogatory date, tum up,
a full eld investigation" by. the
F. B. I. follows. The results are con-
sidered by a loyalty board within the
governmental agency concerned, at
hearings to which the accused person
hasiright of counsel but, in order to
protect condential informants, no
right to cross-eitamine or to be ooh-
fronted by his accusers. Appeals may
be taken to the head of the agency and
nally to the central Loyalty
Board. This program has been subject
to criticism on the ground that the
rights of the employs or applicant!
are not adequately protected.
In the case of security as distinct
from "loyalty" risks, procedure in the
various governmental agencies is hr
less uniiorm, and in some respects much
more peremptory. The President has
Council to investigate this phase of
the problem with a view to establish-
ing more consistent standards, and per-
haps letting up a central board ct]lately asked the, National BecurityTv
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J FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
p __, 1951
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. Clegg 5256
. Glavin 5517
. Harbo 7625
. Nichole 5640
. Rosen 5706
. Tracy 4130 IB
. Belmont 1742
. Laughlin 1742
. McGuire 5642
. Holloman 5636
. Jon5s 4236
. Leonard 622213
. Wherry 5537
. Sizoo 7204
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@rT-___Mr. Bohr 5744 '
_;_Mise Gandy 5633
___Mr. Nease 5633
___Recorde Sec. 7235
___Pere. Records 6635
___Reading Room 5531
___Hail Room 5533
___Te1etype 5644
___Leave Clerk 2706
===Mechenica1 B-114
___Supp1y Room B-116
Lurz
Chisholm ___Miss
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Miss Corrigan
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Reply .
& return
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OFFICE OF THE
DEPUTY ITTDRNEY GENERAL
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"--nu-92: 3 gptember lg, 1951 e_
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For your information this isY
a copy of the letter I read to youyesterday. Note change you sug-
gested in last paragraph.
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Septembery12, 1951 5 __'-.__,__, _ ,< ..
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, - I. - R. r_ _ . " . ¢ ~I 5 : _ .. -I " ,_ 1;. y _, _ 'i ' _ e. 1--_:»' , ' " 0. J W 92llilwaulee :5, Wisconsin i_ _ ~
This will acknowledge your letter of September 6, 1951," _
in which you refer to a letter addressed by ne to Senator ; _'
Tydingc, dated me l6, 1959, in reference to eat-erlel e.p- ' =
peering ir. loyalty files of certain enployees of the State A cl,partment. . u -Lo l .'¢ - §_s_*.,* t
In respo: se to your inquiry I uishto advise that any V _
letter of June l6, 1950, was written to Senator Tydings fol-
lowing the furnishing; to me by the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion of a record of the zr.-rte:-ial which bad been furnished to
the State Department in these cases and the checking by my 01- -
lice staff to make certain that all of the recorded material - ~
was actually in the State Lepart-vent files. e ~
Thereafter, under date of June 2?, 1950, Senator i
l£cCart-by wrote to the Director of the Federal Bureau of Invss-
tigation inquiring whether that Bureau had checked to make cer-
tain that the files tore complete and that nothing had been re- --
noved therefrom. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investi-e
gation, under date of July l0, 1950,, advised Senator Ecarthy ';
that the Federal Bureau of Investigation had made no such ex- l
amination and was, therefore, not in a position to make any , '
statement concerning the completeness or incompleteness of
the Stats Department files. He added a pamgraph, however, ,
explaining, that the Bureau had furnished no at my request 1-. fj'.- _
record of all loyalty material furnished the State Department . -A
referred to, and be transmitted to Senator l£cCart-hy _a copy of
my letter of June 16, r1950. s- - _ " ' '_
' ' f ~. ; . ,
' Following further charges that these filesxnere not con- "
plete, the Attorney General on July 12, 1950, requested the
Director 0! the Federal Bureau of Investigation to examine
these files. This examination was made by the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, and based upon a memorandum from the Director,
. -/' ,92F I /, / ./Q/-we/» Ms
ENCLOSUI¬ .
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dated July 15, 1950, the Attorney General addressed a letter,dated July 1?, 1950, to Senator Tydinge, I copy of Ihich is ln- , Hclosed for your infonnation. This represents the complete story *as shown by the files of the Department of Justice. e e___ ~ _ *
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Yours sincerely, -
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' Peyton Ford - -
Deputy Attorney General
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{MCCARTHY . . -Q, l'lCCARTHY'S FFILSELY STATING R THAT FORMERPUBLIC TIE
D BABE CHARGES
THE UNITED
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,,_,_ .. ._... c92.....s.._1......U : U415: DC? D5111]-J5FROM = D. M. LADD Dk/ -
sus_|sc'r= SENATOB*6CARTHY'S CHARGE CONCERNING
ii92i_..
STATE DEPARTMENT gs-+=1=r:'*'*'i""'.i'..."".FIETJ -RIF HI CI1.Ai1"T Uii "B_UT$VER$.TT!TiS" Hi TIE ALL ;;r:=~<_*-F,:',aT.T':rt . }iTAiii$iaH
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_1o__furnish,.-.pursuant to your, request, a summary of thebackground con§,&.I_I!1I1£..$enator Williaggentonjs D., Conn.! ---___cha"F§e"'tI'Tta "'_Senator_Jqseph__R_§-7,1-icCart __ n., Wise.! tactics are in """-PQE§_§§Q§§§i§f¬ Einhis use.of what he c1aimed.was "an.FBILchart"6I"194? listing 1LLoLf subversives or suspects in the State Department.
Senator Benton pointed out that you had denied such a chart was "sent to
the State Department or evaluated by the FBI.
BACKGROQEQ:
On June-6 1950 §gnat9r___§i__r_:_Car_thy §|.il_8_ s eech before the Senatestgijed in sustance ft arounday 1S, 197$-5 or 185,7 the FBI suppliedthai$§ats.Dspartmept charts and diagrams showing Soviet_Agents,Communists and ieilom travelers in the {State Department. this e
according to Senator McCarthy, contained 121+ names broken down as
follows: 20 Communist Agents, 12 other Communists, 11+ Communist
sympathizers, 7? suspects.
Inq_u_i_r* at _the state Der artment disclosed that the materiaiused, by_ §_e,nato1¬Hb_Cé.i'1tlIW..O1'.1gina£B5.-I§I'0m a State Department report
P1;§2eI2<i__br._ $amuel..D,e1-1$_.Qn_ Augu.s1=.3,.-19l+6.... This report was in theform of a survey made by Klaus for Joseph Panuch, a former Deputy to
the Assistant Secretary for Administration. Kiaus in this renort
referred to an 131 prepared chart. Jih_$8~m1J&I_§oykin of t'l'1'é't'9tate
Departefit Burégautthat this _3;as a misstatement of factsb ...K1m._;....._... . . ,. .. . .y ..
The chart in
, _,_ _£ _ .,..__-.._.4..___._ n_,,.,..,,,___ ___.a. .._._-nu 1 -a_..u4-.1.-~..:..-4:,--u92=,.92_;.__ .._.._ ._ ___._ s.
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The Staten1Je1>a1'tmoe1$iiso..e_.t;9rma1 _I1r.ess.re1ease_dated ...J921-HQ.-24
2 , tated;
"As previously stated by theipepartment, neither
the chart,its¬if_nor»theireportnofiugnshis,_i:&bs1aE§i§§SEEi§i:Hs£hIthxihaslciteeaareferencemtorihenchart, was_
prephred_hx,inr_sent~to~theeStateaDepartmentih1,Hthe_F§I
Qnd this has b9§IL_V_erified_.to_.the_DBPBIl;m911'§,_0I.,§t-5159.Dih
bY th°4D§2§i§§h$reielusticaaandebleihe.EBI. On the1 contrary, the chart and the report were prepared within
Lthe Dgpartment of State itself. The chart was prepared on
May 1 , 19H6 and the report on August 3, 19%6.
"The Department of State itself after eonsnltatienwith the writer of the report, with the former Security
Officer under whose direction and in whose office the chart
7was prepared,'with certain of.his then subordinates familiar
file, has conclusively determined that the chart was not
prepared or furnished by the FBI but was prepared as anjci and after reviewing working papers which are still in our
investigator's working document in the Department of State
in l9Hé and by employees of the hepartnent of State= Inter-
view with the writer of the report, who is still in the
Department, and the Security Officer with whom he had a
pconversation about the chart established that the writer of
pthe report drew from his conversation with the Security
ifficer the nnintentionallv erroneous conclusion that the
chart was prepared in the FBI. V
The Bureau in a letter to the Honorable James E. Webb Underecretary of SEEE?.' Ue!5 aI t1eht"oTState;"192'ashington,""DI CI, da.£ad._J1l.n.e
1*T I9$'°Lp 91f1f§i:'§11l_q_ the fo,llaw.1.na=._.P1ihe,.ce.améntaTmade..br-.hrin mansi lg reporticpgggrging ¬E§§;g11e89QilFBIqChart,1wasJthey appeared in
the pewspapers,_were,com§1etely;szxgheey._eIhisHBureau.did not send
BEIT§P°h chart t° tE£i§iEi§iDQDaI§@@Q§;_§B@*nQf,9Q?I8e,.PB§@mDQei§¢§§§1OT5ITInformatien~es-"r" °$§_¢§;§Q%_IipOIt-F
This is for your information. [1
'|with the chart, and with the Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Oi Mom Z772 - UNITED sn OVERNMENT
EH. L; L. LAUGHlIié§; "_ ° T3= August 31, l95l'
FC0 -I-:1 V TI-:I___:,r.-_..IO1!' Q_-1--¥§921§-2-"";1lnD
sum-¢T= cozy-1-"unreal" INFILTRATION INTO 1-: -__-_ -ITO :
151-l'l_.__,_
FROM : i-._.._
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lull. I.w|__ PURPOSE: To advise that the names of 570 persons in the
State Department on whom we have conducted full field investiga-
tions, have been checked against State Department files in acco
with the Director's request to be advised of the number still
employed in the State Department or elsewhere in the Gover
advise that the names of those persons not still employed by
Department must now be checked with the Civil Service Commie
determine if they are employed elsewhere by the Governmen
DACXGROUMD: By memorandum dated Dbrch 16, l95l, cap
"Communist Infiltration into the Armed Forces, Industrial Fla
the State Department," the Director was advised that as of no
l95l, there had been a total of 570 loyalty cases conducted on
applicants and employees Qf the State Department in which there had
been some evidence of Communist Party affiliation, sympathy or associa-
tion with individuals alleged to be Communist sympathizers at some time
The Director noted "Just how many are still employed in State or some
other Government agency. H." Q /_ -15; "/- ./Vand
13,
lb determine the present employment status of the 570 persons
mentioned above, the files were reviewed and a list prepared containing
the necessary identifying data. The list was made available to the
State Department by our liaison representative. It has now been return
with appropriate notations indicating that many of these people are
still employed by the State Department and that others are not so employed
and their places of present employment are unknown.ed
A copy of the list of names checked by the State Department is
attached. In each instance where the person was employed by the State
Department, an X has been drawn through his name. In other words, it
is now necessary to check CSO records to determine whether those persons
whose names have-not'been I'd on the attached list are presently employed
in the Government,_ __ _ ;}_....,_- _;_ .. _:_ '
RECOMWENDAITON: It is recommended that our1iaison representative
furnish the attached list of names to the CSO with the request that each
name not Zfd be checked against CSO files to determine whether that personis prei:r'zj_J.y92amployed by the Federal Government.I
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Letter to Director November 5, 1951
um seam: smacouzurrrns on
ELECTIONS AND Pnxvnmrs _
he nee no-te__g_ e eeit-ion to 1'" es?-$.%-*.-.'1i§___c&ee nit-b_h!m or_,e_p;rgv_.92,e___ée_lI.Ie,=u_n<_=e_.:»1me§n$»p¢ qr 1e9n'»?J;91.1QezniJ1: S that he might know reg; _ g on _ E, e e Bureau known,
92vae"one"61' the" or-fg£nel"eomp1e.inan c before Senate Armed ServiceeCommittee against mm MSmBEm, ng noted that Pinforned
this committee that he knew ANNA _92 ENBEFG Aeeietan Secretary oiDefense, as a member of the JOHN REED Club. as informedby Agent - he bed never net-, nor mm aboutmm ' -J_E/I//9/'='>..» 4/////A ' -'-=/1/7ém/
_1e:.=.»mec1 Agent -i¢e§.be_!ee 19.17l<1!=!s for
thi_e_§gna_te_ Subcommittee in an effort to obtain ercgato infomationagainstHSe_nat011lI¢CA1'HI 1'or'.Senator,Bl2I10N of % ',=+,?;5a' Senator BENTON was at ting to impeach IlcCA_ , or d c_ thi_:_13;'_:§._n__n_nl_1_I§:y. e the statement that according to hie
S I uld t thi time e ttle for censure investigation, en Q11» o a e , eeseugcmm, 11; be1ng '6p_inio:n"tIi§t"tIE"IiFe5t£a"tionhad_not uncovered any e ence _ would bring about the impeachmentof Senator lcCAR'I'HL M S' 'S' ' ' " ' ' ' " ' ' " * """""""'I
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_ etated h rould contact Assistant Director e. . ..-_._*_. .,.._.,,,_ ,__
LOUIS B. NICHOLS in regard to-Senetor .lcC1RI'H1"1.1111ni8h.i.n,g,in£o1:nBti<:1
to the Bureau regarding DAVIS, ae.weJ.1 as that information the Bureauhid concerning the {lctivitiee and ability om former Special1:891- 9£.J¢h.9_.1!BI- * ' "
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To = DIRECTQH; FBI DATE: November 5, 1951 '
non = sac, vmsnzncrou FIELD
sonjncf;/{'SE~IATE suacom-aTIEemL.ELEcU91§..A . CD mm B-Q. I 51-*/M75121 3;$_"{-L /T C/"2
Investigator for ttee on
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to know from Agen any information he might have p ]§I;;*'"
regarding Senator HI sin, and an employee in Mn RM - '-enat0r's Office stated he had obtained Mn TmyAgent Ems from J01-IN P 92 00 o s the General Counsel for ML Lanai that c e. Agentadv1see me he does not lcnol JOHN P. -__ _ _
Tcle. Room___Fla-==.1re<1. 129* ?! ii. 1e=n1'-,_- has 91? I91' rmation Senator JOSEPH llcGAI'H1'{;a,nd' idre M15. Gang? derogatory fo
especially, if amiliar with Case Number 10¢ Agent r 7geldieg tae. iiwbelt 16 -.-.~..= 'r=2<.-.'""=1=°=!=i9hioh time
furnished infIu"1r_______
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Bureau regardili _ V15" _r£¢g'm' I1 was arrested by the Swiss authorities. Agent inf
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t knonwhointhe Bureau.»--- ,at"_1ihichtim desired o _ _verify or deny s oma ion-OPwas_ given the____name of
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former Specie} Agent" Pithe Imen
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at Ihic stated he had been_in_i9_r_med by In JIOOREH M _ PW 7" ti _ilthd
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Letter to Director November 5, 1951
E? SENATE $bE'>CGHuiI'I'TE"":5 $
ELECTIONS mm PRIVILEDES _
he_la_§_n;ot__1g_ a osition to .B_0921s.I-h15_caaa~Iith o __;;iygne_g;.aa,ltnhienizz k --92 q of Assn . t _e9n§ea11z I o g now _rcga_.~ g on _ E as e Bureau mm1ra"s"one"'oI the ox"i'gi'naJ. complainan s sic:-e éenate Armed ServicesGonim.itt_-ea against MINA ROSBJBEBG, it _ ng noted that _iniomedthis committee that he knew mm llzfosmaam Aasiatan?-Sochetazy orDefense, as a member of the JOHN REED cm». as informedby Agent - he had never not-, nor mw abouthim ' ~31-='M4/Ten. - z/1/7L¢/J
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thig_§§na_te_ Subcommittee in an effort to obtain emgato _1n.tormationiggget §e_nat0r,LlcCAHI'I-II 1'or.Sonator mu-on of %",stated Senator BENTON was attgggting to impeach llcCA , o;- d c thi_i3_i11___a_n_v*__I§y. do the statement that according to his
investigation, San Q;3___ would at _thia time, settio for censureof_llc£}492921=.'I'}lY, it being opinic{_nf'that tHE 'ii1Ve:iti'g"a"t1on
had not uncovered any e once would bring about the impeachmentof $§.".'1a*.-or L|."..C.l.1?.'.T1'T.!= i k _ H l ' I u ' ' d ' M '"""i' J
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_ stated he Iould contact Assistant Director
LOUIS B. NICHOLS in regard to-Senator lcC.lEl'HI'J..fu.miah.1.ng.in£0na8tia1
to__the Bureau regarding DAVIS, as roll as Ihat information the Bureauhad concerning the activities abi.1it7o.of féf SpecialAs=P?.e°£.J?h.-?..!BI- ' '
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Annnsss BY GENERAL CONRAD %NOW,' crmznmm or THE LOYALTY !sscunrrv some or THE ogre TMENT or STATE, BEFORE THE - .
_l{lONT1-ILY FTEETTNG oF 'Tn$r1v"u' BETA EPSILON LEGAL FRATERHITY or _
ononos WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, LEE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, 0.0.,
AT 8;oo P.M., E.s.'r., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1951 . -
;¢°'*i="92mis§s in Gevsrlnnemi 92¢ $318 1i<2v.s13x'Pr°%§P1!'
I have been asked to speak on the alle ation; widely broad-in the United States, -- tn tes Governmenthas been 192'1.1.l_11=3:e§§$-1 by <=<>n'snn1.s.ts.s e9mn B»-- and on_the_remedydeV1§ed to prevent infiltration o§_the 50VBPn-cast
ment by communistsjfifthei§r¬sidéntT¬ 1oyaIty programii '.
The subject matter has a three-fold interest for lswyersrin-
training: lst! lawyers as citizens are interested in_the"allega-l
tion itself.1 Is it a fac§_1hat_there arercommunists inggovernment
aha, if not, WhatfIET¬hie_1MQCarthyism§;tHEIf1Eelessly'proclaims ;
that there"aréTbommunists_in government; gag! Lawyers are --">interested"in the remedy, as a*legE1 device for determining that -
government employees are not communists or communist-sympathizers, ;
~- or, in a broader sense, are not disloyal persons or security
risks. Is the device an infringement on American Constitutiona1..y
guarantees? 3rd! Lawyers are interested in the allegation and the *
remedy taken together, in their Joint effect on the freedom of
thought and action which is at once our American heritage and'thei
touchstone of democracy. Is freedom of thought and action being ' H
stifled through fear or unjust accusation on the one hand and oil-
ineligibility for government employment onathe other hand. I 1 'shgll try to make a brief contribution to all three aspects of the*n>su Ject- ' '" ' - .-- wr
Under the first head, the truth of the allegation I can speak ionly for the Department of sttt._'92:_'s_s._1__1?Q;~_'_E_1E;e_,o_;=;t~1c<1 E57 to thepresentjjhe'periOd*of~my*§EEticipation in the loyalty and "
security program; but for that Department and for that period, I- -can say conf¬?entlfjthat_there_are.39 knQun_gQmmunists in ="-Govern§ent.- f thege_are agy'segret_comunists, -- communists who-~l=Jgi E0 ¢0?mQhi§E¬§3pnEsfan gpeak no comnn1st_sent1ments, -- e»o co rse canno__say,~ or t_e _re not known. The Hiss case ~~the ease of Judi;h»C6plon 1~$§f%epartment of Justice have donemore harm in ter s of publicuconfidence than any harm Hiss or - Ii/ICoplon ever did in the deliyery of classified papers. Both worked E2,
in absolute secrecy -- their best friends were ignorant or theirggtzé tgither would haYe_bgen em loyed by Government for a dayand 7'"
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program was implemented by directive or the Loyalty Review Boards 1
of the Civil Service Commission, the Loyalty Security Board of the Department of State has had before it over 500 oases of StateDepartment employees who have been investigated for loyalty 5? th
Federal Bureau of Investigation, -- the FBI, - and not one ¢&BB
has been found of a present communist working_in_§§§j§§§tE"D§§hrt-mentjT*0vgr'that£"fiodgelghtfemployegs have been held to Bes¬¬gri§1;rl5kB. but.sei.9nei9Qllheseiadmittedflsssl membership inthe ggmmunist Party, nor was_tbera.evidence 9I ppesent membgg§hiP-I cannot'disouss individual oases, -- all I can say is.thEt some
of these eight had close relatives who-ware_oommunists, somemarried oommunists,_and some were alleged to have held communist t
meetings in their homes and to have had eomunist affiliations at a
remote period in their past. About U0 other employees have electedto resign during the process of investigation and adiudication ofloyalty. What might have been found.in their oases, had they goneto hearing, of course, I do not know. But this small number -- .
less than 50 in all -- out of.a department of.9H,00O employees, --
wh0_have either been held to be security risks or who have for one
reason or another desired not to fade investigation, does notindicate any noticeable infiltration of communists in Government.
what, then,.is all the shouting about? The best and Hhorteet
answer I can give you is to ask you to read the article on"Demagogue McCarthy, or Weighed in the Balance , - that appearedin Time_Hagazine, October 22, 1951. The old saying is -- where_ " e
there Is so much smoke, there must be some fire. There is, however,
no excuse for mistaking dust for smoke. The dust in the present
ease is created by one man, tramping about the nation and making,
over and over again, the same baseless and disproved accusations.
The one man is able to raise so much dust only because 1! he is s_
Senator or the United States, and 2! he speaks ina loud ands
determined voice and eaves in his hand a bunch of photostats-that
nobodv takes the trouble to examine. - _ .
On February 9, 1950, after the_loyalty program had been two
full years under way, Senator MoCarthy.arose_at Uheeling, WestVirginia, to say "x have here in my hand a list of 205 -< a listof names that were made known.to.the Secretary of State as being '
members of the.Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working
and shaping policy in the State Department." what he had in his hand
I do not know, but he had no such list, He may have had_a list
of 295 employees that Secretary of State Byrnes, almost four years
before, on July 2?, l9h6, had_made known to Gongreos,.whose
permanent employment had been recommended against by a.State '
Department screening committee, and most of whom by 1950, were no
longer in the employ of the Department. Senator McCarthy did not
again mention the 205 names, ea*instead, on February 20, 1950, onthe Senate floor, he claimed to have said on February 9, "I have S
in my hand 57 cases of individuals who_would appear to-be either'oanL
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carrying members or certainly leyel to the Communist Party, _; -
but who nevertheless are still helping to shape our.foreign _ f
policy". Later_on he'presented to a sub-committee of the Senate
a list of 80 names of persons whose loyalty.f11es, he claimed _would support his charges. As a matter.of-tact,.half of the S0
Here no-longer, in 195C, employed_by the Department of State,
and the other half, after FBI investigations, had been cleared -
for loyalty by the Loyalty-Security Board or the Department.As to these-#0 still in the emplvw .02 the Department vb? e
Senator had no new information, -- all he had was allegst On!» '
blown upland colored by his own imagination, which were containedPin the loyalty files themselvés and which had been_made available
by the Department, in l9h7, to a Committee of the 80th Congress.
To this day, despite all his clamor about_communists in the-State Department, I am;not.amE§_Q£_§_g1Q51§;item of new evidence
or dieloyalty_uhiph_§enatgr Mccarthy has contributed for the"
assistancemo£_thalLoya1ty-Se6rIty'Bcard in-its continuing and
continuous ef£orts.to.pass_on all allegations of disloyalty. _
The Board thought the other day that it_might have some help from
the Senator. He had_a1leged on the floor of the Senate that a
Department employee was associating with a.communist.__On_inquiry
made of the Senator for the_name of the communist, his office.
replied -- the Senator had had-the name in his hand when he-made
the statement, on s slip of paper, but-he had lost the paper;.. -. - - .¢- - . . . . .
,' This is McCarthy1sm,.-- the making of baseless accusations
lregarding the loyalty and integrity of public officers and em:
ployees, by a person who is himself in high public office and"
ho uses his office at_one and the came time as a platform from
hich to shout his accusations and as a screen to protect himselfFrom action for defamation. The purpose of it all is, of course,
not the public interest, but political advancement in a period
of public tension and excitement.; - _ ._ .- 92 - ~
This brings me to the second point. ewhat.about the Loyalty
Pro am, designed to prevent infiltration_of government by com-mun§sm, and, in fact, antedating McCarthyism by two full years?
The program vas'initiated by the President on March 21, 1947,
by Executive Order 9835, but not implemented-until the issuance
of theepidig directive, on December 17, l9k7,'by the Loyalty
Review Board, established in the Civil Service Commission under
Seth W. Richardson, -- Republican Assistant Attorney General
under Herbert Hoover. The purpose of the program was l!-to --
assure that all employees of_the Government are of complete and
unawerving loyalty to the United States, 2! to give to the United
States maximum protection against the infiltration of disloyal
persons, and 3! at the same time to protect the loyal employees
of the Government from unfounded accusations. -
- ._._ . ___ _ .
- Even prior'to the implementation of Executive Order 9835
the State Department had taken action. Under the so-called - '
Mccarran Rider in the ahnual appropriation act, the Secretary 1
of State possessed the power of summary dismissal of employees,
whenever he shall deem it necessary or advisable in the interest
of the United States". On June 9, 1947, General Marshall,
Secretary of State, appointed a Personnel Security Board, to
review the records of State Department personnel for termination
of all security risks . I.was appointed_Chairman of-that Board,
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security risks, -- a general house-cleaning that took placeiih 92,
the State Department beforethe initiation of the_President's.;j 7
Loyalty Program. Since, in the Department of State, the loyalty
and security functions are now carried on by the same Board at .
the same time, under the same regulations, it may.tor our purpose
be considered a single program.-I would like you to'take a look
at this program, -- letls look at it as though it were 5 criminal
proceeding. Lets consider the crime_EnH'the standard or guilt,
t e prosecution and type of evidence admitted, the defense and
the constitutional guarantees, and the tribunal, the Loyalty and
Security Board. I will have to remind you constantly, however,
that it is not a criminal proceeding, but an adJudication of sprivilege. __ G f ' y ' ;_"- *
The first thing in such a program to catch the lawyer's eye
is the standard of ggilt.' Under the original Executive Order
9835 the standar3*ln loyalty cases was "that on all the evidence
reasonable grounds exist for belief that the person involved is
disloyal to the Government of the United States". In the
security regulations of the Department of State, however, "if-
a reasonable doubt exists" the Board was directed to_give the _
Department the_benefit Of the doubt. By a new Executive Order
lO2kl of April 28, 1951, the President has prescribed a new
standard for loyalty cases -- that, on all the evidence, thereis a reasonable doubt as to the loyalty of the person involved
to the Government of the UnitedStates'. This is the equivalent
or nhat has been all along the standard of the State Department
in adjudging security risk. This standard or ?reasonable doubt"_
is, of course, the very antithesis of the common law standard of
reasonable doubt in criminal cases. In a criminal case a man may
be convicted only if guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In
loyalty cases he is removed from employment it there is a reason-
able doubt as to his innocence. Instead_of the State having to
prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal cases,
the accused has to prove his innocence i.e. his loyalty! beyond
a reasonable doubt. The only Justification for the stiffness of
the standard and the burden on the accused is that it is not -
guilt that is being adjudicated, but merely a privilege oT_Em-
ployment by the Government or the United States. It is of im-
portance to lawyers, however, to note that in loyalty and security
cases, as now adjudicated, the odds are against the employee.
What, then, is this dislovaltv to the Government of the .
States, or this security ris, of which government employees" .
must be cleared eyond a reasonable doubt, in order to qualify i
for employment by the Government? Fundamentally, disloyalty to
the Government of the United States comes under one or the other
of two heads, -- it is either the attitude of'a person who seeks
to alter the form of government of the United States by unconsti-
tutional means, or it is action preferring the interests of another
government over the interests of the United States Government.
Under the first head come the subversives, -- the advocates of _
revolution, force and violence; under the latter head come the
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' Into this category of security risks fall the persons who,a1thouQh
notthcmselven commnnists,have habitua1_or close associatiuiwnh.
cqmmunisgs -i who have married_communist spouses, who like with
arents, who persist in close association with comun-
_ they have become aware or their traitorous activities.[This is the category in which the State Department Loyalty
gjsecurity Board, applying the standard of reasonable doubt since{-its inception, has made 20 adverse decisions out of 546 adjudi '
ications to October 1, 1951! '. _ " _ _ -
' The next matter to catch the lawyer's eye, after the defini-
tion oi the crime and the standard or guilt, is the Drosecntion,
-- the State's case, the type of evidence admitted, the derogatory
information. Every employee of the Department of State under-
» goes a thorough investigation by the Departmentis own Security
Division before he is employed. The only exception to this
J, occurred at the end of the war, late in l9h5 and early in l9h6,
» when 12,600 employees of emergency war agencies were by Executive
Order shovelled into the State Department without previous
screening by the Department, -- I refer to the Office of Strategic
Services, the Office of war Information, the Foreign Economic
Administration, and the like, certain of whose war-time-functions
were deemed necessary for the post-war period, and were assigned
to the Department of State. This number was at once reduced to
#,O00 by reduction in force, and a screening committee established
in the Department to pass on the loyalty and eligibility of the
#,000 for employment. It was the report of-a preliminary
examination by this screening Committee, made by Secretary Byrnes
to Congress in July, 19b6, that as I have said before, undoubted-
ly furnished Senator McCarthy with his initial figure of 205$communist p
ists after
Every person who was in the employ of the State Department
on October 1, 19 7, and every person since employed, in addition tr
being investigated by the Security Division of the Pepartment has
been submitted to the FBI for a "record cheok?. If the FBI, on
this "record check", turns up a single item of derogatory 1nforma~
_ticn, in the loyalty field, -- even if it he no more than member-
ship in l9W92 in the Washington Book Shop, --.the employee is givene full field investigation",.and the confidential reports of that
investigation are forwarded to the Department Loyalty SecurityBoard, for determination of the employee*s loyalty and securityrisk. These investigative reports constitute the prosecution --the States case, -- which is before the Board for a Judicialdetermination. - = *
Just "a word about these reports. I'he FBI has had the benefit
f the Department's original investigation, but it has performed
vast labor in addition. They have interviewed everybody -- ~. references, relatives, teachers, Bmp1@[email protected], fr1en¢3
I enemies, landlords, neighbors, and acquaintances. They cover 'the employee from high school days down." Most of the infcrma-'
tion secured is confidential, and many of the sources are undis-
closed in the report, or denominated as Washington T-1, or Newj¥ork_T-1, a person who has previously given'reliah1e 1nrcrmaL1hn,_, or a person of unknown reliability, Even"enonymocs el1e"ations' are rcr>ort_-j,-_;nsaj:sa;r;4s.g192:eQg11 re1 ¬""'very
full;3hiIEQ39i§§§i1_2PJ¢ctiv, r-'they_ggger EcEE Ee Favorableand the cniatorahie information received, -- and they neitherevaluate the tsst1m6yTor"¢rWn'conc1ussons; 'Tn1s 11 left e¢the Board, which'is not an inveptigatcry body. The Board has onlythree wove of ed-iire to see-rs.1.e= 13 it may requéstIvrtner '% V¬gti§5t¥°f b? the F$¥:_2! it may propose written interrogatories°d_ 9 ="*P °lB'$; 17° S9 his exY!.'.anation oi items or do:-ogavporyiniormation, or 3! it may 50_,_4'-.
tOIa.heerins. at which time it mayJ cross-examine the employee or hhe witnesses. These FBI reports __
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with the original Department investigation, ~-.the.? t¢rr°Batorieb--proposed by the Board, the answers of the,emp10y885- n V§9- transcripts of the hearings, constitute the~loya1ty files abouwhich you have heard so much, and which the bresidentihash -
directed-shall not be disclosed.~ The only exception to tnis.P5EF
is the transcript of the hearing, a eopy'df'Whioh on request. is
given to the employee, who may publish it or notice he desires. ,
For instance, you can'read the_entire transcript'of_the hea?ins_;n'the case of John Service. He voluntarily produced it before the_
Sub-Committee of the Senate Gommittee on Foreign_He1ationB; Ei -it is printed in full in the Appendix to the Bearings before the
SubCommittee on S,Rss. 231, U.S. Senate 8lst_CongreBB| PP-;_-1955-2599. ' l "
Alone with the prosecution. or course, comes'the defeg§g= Onfonoideration or thehfiorts the Board_may; and commonly does,lear the employee. In a large proportion of the cases, because_ 4 -'_ . .'. _
. '- - ' .._ ,7 . .-. -
its the completeness of the reports, and the-impartiality with which
i/the derogatory information or its lack of foundation or -they report the favorable with the unfavorable, the trivialiy °f
l
credibility, becomes plainly apparent, and the Board is left
without a reasonable doubt, Quite frequently, however, this point
is not arrived at until the Board, as above stated, has propounded
written interrogatories to the employee and has_received his
answer. It is only in oases in which the Board, either with or
withoutinterrogatories, is left with a reasonable doubt as to
loyalty or security risk that the case comes to a hearing. Insuch cases the Board formally proposes removal action, whioh_isdone by notice in writing to the employee, stating_the charges infactual detail, so far as security considerations permit. This
gives the employee a right to an administrative_hearing, after
due opportunity to prepare his case, at which'hearing he may
appear personally, be represented by counsel of his'oWn choosing,and present evidence in his own behalf. The State's Case _is
not presented at the hearing, for it is already before the Board
in the confidential reports of the FBI, but for the furtherprotection of the employee, all informants who have given deroga-tory information on loyalty and who have not exgressed an unwill-ingness to testify before he Board, are invite to attend andso mlt to cross-examination by the employee or his counsel. -TheBoard has no gower.to subpoena and the ettendancesmust be -=voluntary, an commonly without compensation for expenses.
If the result of the hearing is unfavorable to the employee,he may appeal to the secretary of State, or some person designatedby him to hear the appeal, and on the issue_of loyalty, he has afurther appeal to the Loyalty Review Board. Every decision or theLoyaity security Board, with or without hearing, favorable or un-favorable to the employee, goes to the Loyalty Review Board of theCivil Service Commission for post-audit. This Board, originallyunder Seth Richardson, is now headed by Ex~Senator Hiram Bingham of°°""°¢tiu=, another Republican. The Loyalty Review Board mayaffirm the determination of the Loyalty Security_Hoard, it_may-remand the case to the Loyalty security_Board for further proces~sing, such as interrogatories, or s hearing, or it_may take thecase into its own hands and hold a new hearing itself and eitheraffirm or reverse the determination of the Loyalty-Seourity'_Board.Thus far the Review Board has remanded 17 out of 508 loyalty -cases of the State Department Loyalty-security Board and has pg-,tried one case on its own'!%5Bant.-In this ease, it affirmed the 4% _DePaPtment adjudication. Anothbr case is now slated for hearingbefore the Review Board. xi **1#1"f"¬ 1 --1' ~.-_»v;',.:-,1 ;.' "" 3' ' "hi. '.1 ' * "h_$i..,l_-'91--'¥-u. . .. as '-- , 92'92- J ._, _ - r
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what, then, of the Constitutional guarantees? Here is no;
presentment or indictment by grand Jury,_but instead s secret
investigation by a Government agency, the FBI, presented to_j'
another government agency, -- the Loyalty §ecurity'Bosrd; iltf -
is true that the employee is not compelled to be s witness."-Q;
against himself, nor is he deprived of life, liberty or property.I-ie has aspeedy, but not public, trial, for no,per_sons are per-
mitted at hearings except the Board, its coupBel,'the transcriber,
the employee, his counsel, and the witnesses, one by_one. ¢Here -
is no,triel'by jury-in the district of the "crimeP,.no compulsory.
process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and only a very
limited, if any, confrontatyqiuith the witnesses against him,
In fact, he cannot be completely informed or the nature and.jf
cause.of the accusation, in-so-far as the source bf.the derogatory
information cannot be revealed by the Board. However, the Board
does the best it can under the circumstances to inform him ofj,
the nature and cause of the accusation, he has a full hearing,
and the assistance of counsel in his defense. It is clear,_' .
that the proceeding lacks important elements of a Constitutional
criminal prosecution. Again, I can only say that it-is not a
crime that is being prosecuted, but it is a privilege that is bein1
adjudicated, the privilege of'employment by the Governments, '
. We come, finally, after consideration of the "crime", theprosecution, and the Qefegse, to the tribunal. This.Is the. A
loyalty Security Board'5? the Departm§Et*5?_§tate. Griginally
consisting or three members, it now consists of 20 outstanding
directors of bureaus or offices, and chiefs or officers-in-charge
of divisions.or branches in the Department and foreign seryice
officers, including a number designated tor service in Germany,
in the-Office of the U.S. High Commissioner; The Board sits on
cases in panels of three. The FBI reports come to the Board in
triplicate, and are assigned tg s panel designated by the Board:
legal officer, in accordance with the aqailsbility of Board
members. The three members of the panel read the file or the
case individually,-and meet for the initial consideration of.the
case, and for their passing on replies to interrogatories. In
hearings, they sit as a bench of three, of whom one is chairman,
but all of whom, together with the Board's counsel, question the
employee and his witnesses. The final decision does not reflect
the opinion of one man, but the independent Judgments of three
minds. Decisions are nearly always unanimous tut occasionally
a dissent crops up. Originally the Board was not required to
make a written finding of the facts, but to state merely the
action taken. Now a member of the panel writes s summary of the
case for the benefit of the Review Board. Panels of the Loyalty '
Security Board endeavor to conduct all hearings and to make all
decisions, with fairness, impartiality, and coopetstiveness,
bearing in mind that the proceeding is an investigation, not a
prosecution, and that the whole program has for its purpose not
only to protect the Government of the United States, but also to
protect loyal employees of the Government from unfounded accusa-
tinnn.
to the third and final aspect -
McCarthyism on the one hand and
on the other hand, on freedomThis last remark brings me
of the matter, -- the impact of
of the Loyalty-Security program
°T thought and action smong_the American people. I think I shall
have to leave that for your'consideration, in the light of what
can be said about both. In so far.as McCarthyism restrains
honest and loyal people from if. ng consideration, either singly
or collectively, to the nee1~- the under-pr1v11eged and the
oppressed, to the injusticer = abuses of the economic, social
and political lite ct this c - rear of being blackmailed
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as communists or communist sympathizers, it is undoubtedly'supk§"Y_
pressing freedom of thought and action in s most important - ""_
manner; In so far as Mccarthyism, or intolerance in politics, W#P
is substituting, for.simp1e loyalty to this-country, for willing:
ness to fight in its armies.or to give sacrificial service int" *1
public employment, e standard which requires blind subservience ;
to a political thesis, either'nationsl or international; such as
the New Deal on the one hand, or support or Chiang Kaiyshek on _
the other hand, it is putting freedom'of thought'and honesty o£1--
purpose into a straight-Jacket, which would'deprive's of_our7'?*ffree heritage and ultimately of our democracyi-In so far as-the"
administration of-the loyalty-security program, by'its'method", P
of-interrogation, its manner of conducting hearings, its decisions
on individual cases; gives; support to the public belief that the
baseless smears of the demagogue are given effect in the loysltyv'and security program, it has cooperated in the destruction of ,*
freedom of thoughtfsnd expression. 1' ' - - ~' *
It has been the constant and consistent effort of the Loyalty
Security Board of the Department oi State so to conduct the -d"-
loyalty and security program as to merit the confidence of the
general public and of the employees or the State Department in
particular, that it is s fair and sound.Jud1cial instrument,
that it does.not give effect to baseless smears, and that it is} "
effectively protecting, not only the Government or the United f=.States, but also the loyal employees or that Government. By so} I
doing, the Board hopes to contribute to make the Loyalty Program'~
not only an effective instrument of national defense, but also 1
a protection for freedom or honest and loyal thou5ht,'speech and-
action. Unless we succeed we.shall not have, in the field of FfOre1gn.p911cy, fair.observati§! of facts abroad, honest and -
objective reporting,-and unbis d judgment at home.- Freedom of
opinion and expression, and public confidence in that-freedom, "
is not only, as I have said above,-the American heritage, but itis also a shield to the very survival of our form.or democracy. -
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TO = T1-ll; DIRECTO11 " loam; November 6, 19§l
r~-; mm = D. 1-1. L.-'i.DD I '/' q£}k//i 92 wvw4¥Cf 5 -1*; L sumct ADDRESS BY G-TITILRAL COIIP-AD snow L---OF rm; DILPARTI-fl-.-LI-IT or STA 92 16$: / e..,__. "*1: t ocroeta 25 1951 BEFORE THE NU BETA I _i.'=' 9 1 ,_- e. . , - tesrtoz: Lash. FRATERLITY oe eeoaez; w~oR*'rTI0'iE0h'tA1zr»-.9
. hAS:IINGTCI92 UIIIVERSITY AH» 1' ,-1-e
1'|92=J'_____,
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*T7.;i; :9--e T =-;-.:*."-'w -
PURPOSE: i~Y§»-_f_'i,'_'"". *-"""-"" o1P£$»1=°
To furnish a brief summer o_an_address_byQeneral VSnow, Chairman of the Loyalty §§§uriEyjEgar§;§f:§he Epartment of
Statej_beTore te'm6hth1y'Eeting oj_the Tu Eeta E §il_nrLeg§l:§;aternityBllln r. :Z_~
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i_ k;' __ __ __i__ WM . ._l 1? f George Washington University on October E5; I9§§.
'92
SUHLARY QF ADQRESS BY GEEEBALg§HQH : _ 92.%.092
In his talk General Snow discussed the_p;ger§1:ion oi_fQnePresident's Lo algg Program and the extentwto which Communists_and
Communist sympathizers infiltrated the ULg§;_G§jerngent and particula lythe state t-epa-rtmeirtt*11»1n:re"c"e11tiyeere. "He stated that he is _n0t aware ;=of a single item of new evidence of disloyalty which geatse McCarthy Knet contributed for the assistance p£_the_Loyalty Se§BIl§¥ Board of
the 3t§te hepeetEeet"eea descrihed yeCerthyism_as the_m§g:ng o£_haseless92
accusations_regardin3 the leyelty and integrity of public officers_and -emdloyees. He said McCarthyism is undoubtedly suppressing freedom of , Jthought and action in a most important manner. In discussing the role! fof the _EEI.-eu.nder the Loyalty Prognam General Snow stated that F51 92repQ;ts_are "very full and completely objective. He alsnareierred Wto the conpleteness.of FBI reports " and the impartiality wiéh which92¢
they FBI! report themfayQrable_with the unfavorab1e....."-< eneral %92Snow related that in speaking for the Department of State §%d.§orethe.
period 19%? to the present he could confidently say that there aé naknown Communists in Government. He continued: "If there are Q§l92 secret Communists, -- Communists who join no Communist fronts:§;.b 92a
speak no Communist sentiments, -- of course I cannot say, fer_§hey are
not known. Theriss case and the case of Judith Coplon in the Depart»
ment of Justice have done more harm in terms of public confidence than
any harm Hiss or Coplon ever did in the delivery of classified papers.I
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Department employees who were investigated by the FBI and "not one
case has been found of a present Communist working n the State Depart-
ment." He added that "over that period eight employees have been held
to be security risks but not one of these admitted present membershipin the Communist Party, nor was there evidence of present membership.-.;
About MO other employees have elected to resign during the process of
investigation and adjudication of loyalty. What might have been found
in their cases, had they gone to hearing, of course, I do not know." -
§1__Q1_Il-__lEZ1I_Zl__S_ _BX_ T_I'IE_ elQ_Yl'-Fiji SE Cl I_O192T_:
Ho final disposition has been received from the Loyalty Review
Board of the Civil Service Commission under Executive Order 9835 in
a case involving a State Department employee where the employee has
been declared "ineligible" for Government employment. As General Snow
has pointed out, several have elected to resign during the
" I1 " augudicatio One of the recent resignations has
been that o Labor Economist for the Department of
State Bureau , who was re rted to have been a Communist
in owl t of State
1
commented that the information which he was
the advisability of an adverse decision in the case o
with regard to General Snowis statement that no case has been
recall that the Communist Party has not been issuing Communist Party
membership cards and is not maintaining membership lists by names.
Highly placed Government employees would naturally be very secretive
concerning their membership in the Communist Party and their identity
would be protected by the Communist Party. For example, when Louis
Budenz was in connect -
was then
t y- ll found of a resent Communist working in the State Department, you will
gation of
advised that
acquainted with e believed that was under Communist Party discipline 19%} and l9#k enz explained that Bureau f
persons under Communist Party discipline were equivalent to members
of the Communist Party but had no vestige of membership and such persons
were often told by the Communist Party not to have any Communist Party
ircle. The final disposition
not been received from
ferred by_the Statemembers about them or
in the loyalty case on
the Loyalty Review Bo t
Department to the position of
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None. This is for your information.
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I'fAnaA.I!nl1:InuND.I4 " 92 '* V C. K.» » ,0]j'iC¬ Mar/zoraindum - UNITED -GOVERNL/lg? V
_ .:}- ' 92TO = MR. ILOLSON /I/M DATE KO 19 I951 92
non L B NICHOLS I
. n investigator for the Senate Sub- ' "";--_
Committee and Privileges, called on Friday
afternoon to arrange on appointment to discuss Point 10 of the =*-_"~*_-
Benton resolution concerning Senator McCarthy.
Arrangements have been made for him to see Hr. Ladd W:
at 3 p.m. today.
A oow
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Oice Z92/.[¬201"aZ?26l%2 - UNITEu -:u..¢u.'ES GOVERNMENT
T° =THE'DIREOTOR DATE November 8, lil S;
ll PROM =0, u, Ladd Q!//J _ n.T.n92'rC:F.?.':.'fI0H CQNTAINED~ 228% SUBJECT: yr¢f§yts':$oL&s"IF1E '" .--v.':-r - R0"! /e *§£;;=g" n B - H. 3-.-of _92 0 hr i
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_.,__i..-.Miss Jean Ierr,_§ec5etafy_to SenatorhJoseph_IbUarthy,
called me thisaffirnoonhand_stated;that"she wanted to
ashed_q couple of questions, Hugely; did the B3196"
récomend action to Government agencies with_rqference
*0 "¢*»'"1°°-9--" 5I¢_;§.'}'e§.Q?E.!1T'.£'£., Q._§'!-7.5lI..._¢mPl;oyee1£ Jon. swersive
actT§TtT¬?T' Y?told her that the Bureau was a factqfinding
'agency. Fe conducted investigations where there was an
indication of disloyalty and submitted the factual results
to the agency; that we made no recommendation; that that
was the problem for the Loyalty Boards. She_thgg_ashed
whether the Bureau made recommendations with_referencg to
prosecution qf vari0us_type criainal_cases to the Department
I told her that likewise in this situation the Bureau was
a fact-finding agency and submitted the results of its
linuestigations to the Attorney General and that the questionlof prosecution was one that was passed on and decided by the
Department; that the Bureau did not make recommendations;
She thgn&ashed_ne if,theeBureauehad to-consult-the
State Department in connection with the deportation of
aliens and I pointed out to her that the Immigration Service
handled the deportation qf aliens.
Miss Kerr expressed appreciation for the informzion
furnished.
/74!
DML:dad
R£'CDRDED.g 33/5, 37/
WY". 14 1951
66 ' '73
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e Oit A/.'g;7z0;*ZZ?¢ii?Z¢?72 - UNITED STAIFESSAGOVERNMENT
/I- r r _
T0 = Hr. To} ,0 barre; 10-26-51
,. -.; qnmxszo W /- *7-° 3*:-iv 2827 Mg »~ -== ~92 5 . »
»- -- 12.13-11 ;*_---'; I1: P-
- SUBJECT:
J C He--_.._..s » yg~ :1. .~92.. I. _ 4'-%_'; ;t; ;r., i EFX V_T- j**=--.-_//
tt h'n heret envelope |ohich :M* I am a ac 1 g Ot:;§g_ _ L ______cf the late Congressm . ts an's o ic_e d_elZi_1e;_re to -~---
me_y_h_i_ch contains, Aac,cQr§1_1'ng_to _£onjjident I
n ressman e an which e pgperscpossessed by the late C0 9 _ _' j __ c___Z__
felt should be in the possession of the Bur-eau_.
?~"ro_rg__q__r_-_ev_ieza if these papers I [ind tlgp copie
1"E,pOI"-$8 which had pr-euiouslykbeen prepared by r. Roliiii
'Lee.concerning individuals and activities of the State Depa
nent as well as _a listiieadegi "Secret - Very Confidential",
listing a' number of"]-lanes of indi vidvals undoubtedly appli-
cants or employees»,o_f the Government service. Three other
lists of names with ae
employees are en
- 4-..
r T
92.
...rA
It is suggested that the material in the attached
envelope be referred to the Domestic Intelligence Division
for its review and final disposition. Iwe late Congressman:
staff is not desirous of having any of the material returned.
/3+ ' i-
1 921-1-caE'E7 - . . merit - P _ -»-»41-T--.--I 53,:* 2: if i i- - ~ .{1."~ 92'i -3
v.|-,4?-BL>l} _
m1~~1J<' Jn.14ifQ92,
;_ WP __,- 1. if I tp-'_n Id/* r-xm. " ,~n'Ll, _ J 13":-¢-e_n./m.¢4¢z,¢
NJ .3 HI; 9.15 O-Q __rl:' .., . . IN;n-.@/ 92 F 2]if O JAl§2_gT§5'Z_- 15 - v _- DEC 11 125!9
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FEUEHM. BUREQU OF INVESTIGATION
rum nsurrsn PAGE mronminon sneer r +- -
Pagetsi withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemptionts! _ ._ __ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following government agency- ies! , ._.__ . _
_ ._ 77 .was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government age-nc_v ies!; _____;e.iei.a
,_ _ _ _,_ _ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon aeturn of the material to the FBI.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reasonlslr
/ 'I]/For your iHf0mHtiI 1
XXXX XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX¢=;-=5W92§54v~vwu5]3L4nw92 iizll ';}e following number is to be used for reference/r%a_rd}ng these pages;
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§ DELETEDPAGES! §
X no DUPLICATION FEE X
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1 Election QUIZ
To Study 1_95O Tactics.
in Maryland
Washington UP!'I'he rat has
Iopened an investigation into the
gcampaign tactics of Senator But-
ilers supporters in Maryland dur-*
aing the November. 1950, election.
ireporter the inquiry is being pur-
sued through its civil rights sec-
ition which in employing FBI I8-sistants in the field. "" ' . _
Mr. Butler, a Republican, de-
feated incumbent Millard Tydings.
The campaign was investigated
by a Senate Elections subcom-
mittee which produced: report
lbranding the campaign as 1 "des-
lpicabie, backstreet type andgasking the Justice Department to
{review some of the testimony with
El view to possible prosecution.i The subcommittee sent the Jus-
tice De rtl 1 The Justice Department told a
in _ pa ment I transcript of, testimony taken. "
1 _ -' "I Led 3 Lives" "
'i arts Sunday January 20 in
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if _ Contents of Five Documents Revealed, ' 61¢
Iv ll'RlTfl"lli!RI "I unI.'rMAN lcrlbl -Howard sun Writer [QM mm-|,-|_ pu. gg i I ' "" ' "" '_"" " " "_""""' "' "-""' I -*I' -"1 _ I I 'Capitol H_ill was rocked today by the disclosure that th'e~{92merasia documents, it-kw' . 'Q&"¥'_"*'J/under scrutiny by the Tydings Senate sub-committee, contain startling military dhigh state secrets of a nature heretofore unrevealed. _, . _,ecause of the tight secrecy-.-I--"' 'i " ' ' "-
restrictions placed on them, the!
American people for five years
have been kept officially in the,
dark as to their nature and im-
portance. i
Today, for the first time, the
contents of a tiny fraction-five
out of 1700-are public prop-
erty. Their authenticity as ,
part of the Amerasia collection 1
is affirmed by Sen. Bourke B. ,
Hieitenlwper {R., 1a.!, a
ber of the Tydings sub-eom-
mittee. 1
Because of the shocking character,
of these live alone, Sen. Hicl-ten-it
looper predicted that all Americans
will be appalled, when the whole.
truth becomes known, that drastici
steps have not been taken long be-i
fore this." He added: It is is sick-.
Bning story." ' l.
At the same time,'a move already"
was under way in both Houses to
force the Tydings Nib-¬.GPi'i§""||iii$% to
make all 1700 public.
Here Is Nature
of Five Documents ' ,
Here is the nature of at least five
of the secret Amerasia documents
stolen from government wartime
les:
0 The Navy: formal wartime "or-
ganization plan" for setting up
counter-intelligence operations thru-
out Lhe United States. It was sentby the director of Naval Intelligence ,
to the ranking intelligence officers.
0! the nation: 14 naval districts. i
0 A highly confidential Iorecast
of the trends oi the war in thel
P§'ii'ic, delivered by Assistant Sec-
ry oi Stale Joseph C. Gre iolifoicials in the department.
ct gave the location of 25 A eri- ii
submarines then in P iticl
waters. And it outlined the , ern- I
ment's policy with respect to the
Japanese emperor. _ _Ame iI - e .
T 2"92.- _ . _,_,
- 92
I A document setting forth in de-}
tail the composition of Allied t opsl
in alaya.
O Details about two mes
fro President Roosevelt to Fest
en-l
en-' simo Chiang Kai=shek. inlthe : the President proposed that
Gen. Joseph Stillweil be made com-
mander pt all armies in China. in-
cluding the Communist arrnies. Tile,
messages. delivered in July, 1944,
were rou_ted_ th_[u the U. S. Army
Commander in Chung!-ting, then Gena
Stillwell. __ l
The report itself bore the top so-
cret classication for "Eyes Only.
That phrase meant it was to he
read by no one except the person
to whom it was addressed.
A message addresed to the
'American Embassy in China, and
sent by the State Department over
the name of i'0rmer.State Secretary
Cordell Hull. In it, the Secretary
purportedly called the Embassy's
attention to en article in the July,
1944. issue of the pro-Soviet mag-
azine, Amerasla. which was the
center of the stolen documents case.
The Amerasia article urged that
the United States build up Japan:
leading Communist, Susomo Okeno,
into the Tito of Japan. it dried also
that this country supply arms to
the Chinese Communist Etlerilla
forces and consult with China: Red
leaders about post-war plans tor
Japan.
limbessuder at Time -
Do sn"l' Recall Messingl
l
I
.1
ii
. Hull could not be reach for
co E1"!I.lOd§_y;ql|8IBl"I[Q E5.-G sf**"-. -92_'~-- *e~~ -
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-- C t Ladd
_ Clegg__________ Glavin
Nicholle _0-19
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Vital Secrets
- - - - - ... -4 - t ---I'l¬Hl"lI'lg! oe opened and the eon-.=-lstant FBI Director: Louis B.tents revealed. lNichols and D. Hilton Ladd. 1 Continued from Page 33
Ambassador to China at the time,
recalled no such message. He said
it did not sound like the kind of
dispatch the Secretary oi State
would sign.
These ve documents are a sam-
pling of the 1700 confiscated by the
FBI in 1945 in the Amerasia office
of Philip J. Jafie and the apart-
ment of Emmanuel S. Larsen.
Last week Sen. Millard E. Tyd-
ings tD., Md}, chairman of the
sub-committee, announced it had
testimony that 99 per cent of the
Amerasia documents were casual
and routine." The rest, he added,
were only of some importance."
Earlier, James M. Mclnerney, As-
sistant Attorney General in charge
of the criminal division of the Jus-
tice Department, appeared before
the sub-committee. He described
most of the documents as "trivial"
and teacup gossip."
Hickenlooper Assails
Light View of Papers
Yesterday in Iowa, Sen. I-licken-
looper was asked by The New York
Herald-Tribune to comment on the
new disclosure. Criticizing the ap-
raisal of the documents by Sen.gydings and Mr. Mclntrney, Sen.
I-lickenlooper declared:
I do know that some oi the docu-
ments revealed military installa-
tions and the location of fleet units
during the war with Japan.
Is that casual and routine and
'teacup gossip?
Other documents contained high-
ly vital and highly secret informa-
lion as to our military and State
Department attitudes in time of
war.
Is that casual and routine and
teacup gossip?
As a matter oi tact, I would like
to see Sen. Tydings call in some
submarine skippers and uteir men,
tell them just what leaked out to
Amerasia at the time when they
were evading depth charges, and
have him get their opinion on what
ey think of the dismissal of such
s cking information as casual and
to ine' and teat-up gossip.
think the Democratic major-
lty n the sub-committee would be
mos enlightened by what they'd
hear. At any rate, they'd certain-
ly get an earful."
Thus far in his Amerasil inves-
tigation, Sen. Tydings has madei Unlike the current security in-
vestigation, in which there is a nea-isonable basis for executive hearings,
I think the Ame.-rasia case should be
laid before the public, in full.
There's no sense to having part. OI
the testimony released by the corn-
mittee and part held behind an iron
curtain, so to speak."
l In view of the latest disclosures,
tlitep. Eugene Cox tD., Ga.!, a mem-
t ber of the House Rules Committee,
isaid all the Amerasia documents
should be inserted into the Congres-
sional Record.
"Since the Tydings committee saw
fit to take jurisdiction of this case,",
he declared, it should take the pub-
lic into its condifdence and make theentire story available to the gublic.
"Ihe Amerasla story, as it now.it being told, makes me wonder ll
shooting would not have been too,
good for Jaife." '
. The Rules Committee now has a
resolution oeiore it to authorize a
t House investigation oi Amerasia.
Chairman John S. Wood D., Ga.!
will look into the case it the Tydings
sub-committee fails to get to the bot-
tom of it.
i Every House member comes up
for re-election this year. Consequent-
ly, there: strong sentiment among
both Republicans and Democrats in
favor of a strong Amer-asia inquiry
which will satisfy the public and
thereby take them off the hook. The
. Tydings investigation, they feel, will
accomplish neither.
House Probe Unlikely
While Senate Hos Case
But there; small likelihood of the
House taking over as long an the
On the Senate side, some senators
, believe the Judiciary CommitteeJ should start its own inquiry since
the Justice Department is so deeply
IIIVDIVQG.
The Senate Republican leaders.
meanwhile, for two weeks have beenholding strategyqmeetinga over theAmerasia case. o line of policy has
At one session several weeks ago,
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge R., Mass}.
told of testimony in an utivehearing of the Hdin mt-
tee, of which he is also a member.already has said that his committee,
Senate has the case. l
yet been decided. . ... ..- ,_ -4 _ --.4 7.7
92
R".
But the public will hear about Itonly it Sen. Millard E. warns: D.,Md!, the sub-committee ch man,
so chooses. I
Last week he handed out a selec-,
ted portion of the Justice Depart-
ment case, a prepared statement by-
Robert M.~Hitchcock, former special ,,Assistant Attorney General who i
handled the Amerasla prosecution."
Mr. Hitchcock's testimony and an-,
swers to questions, however, were ;.
kept secret. '
The clash between the Govern-ment: investigative and Rrosecubing arms is basic to the merasia
case. And it's a head-on clash. 1"r
In his statement last week. Mr.
Hitchcock laid the "collapse" of the
prosecution to illegal seizures" by
nneFBL
1 Before the Hobbs House quiry
four years ago, Mr. Ladd stified
that the FBI evidence was all le-
gally obtained" as inciden to ar-
, rest."
Wash.
Wash.
i "What I heard there made my
a IH?f--""-- " -back hair stand on end," he saldqWash.Tolson
Ladd0-19
___..__..
Clog;
Glavin
Nichol
Rolen
Tracy
Harbo
Belmont
Molar iii-.
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NealeRoom
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11-Ann1:IIn:-'01-|urn.I4 Q"Office Mam H72 - UNITED s I OVERNMEIST
'ro = A. H. BELMONT BATE-' September 22, 1952
FROM =_ C. H, STALEY@AkSL>, ,, / '¢[-T d,,/;/ifjéi /SQ rlg _ ~mL__ 92suB1scT= *1 N I_SIgiI'E 'DE_PA_R_1_MéiT{ ALL :192*Fcr~1:.t1a':1}::l_ J"-K, Iii 92LOYALTY OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES 1{:*?tI:-'1~-~-T92!--.~*.. r 9292 -'-|::':L
PURPOSE: 9';§_=;;.':1La ELI ,
To answer an inquiry from the Department of State
concerning one Milton Sax of New Jerse who is mentioned 'a _d y I a -
_Con_m1u.nis_t Party member by Harvey H. Matusow in his testimony " ""'before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. LE
92
= The testimony of Harvey M. Matusow before the House 9292
Committee on Uh-American Activities on February 6-7, 1952, has
been reviewed and the only reference concerning Hilton Sax is as T
follows: "There was a ma:_1_n_emed Milton s,$a;_s0I New Jersey who also 92-identied ' z time as tl§;Q__§hg;g{r_1}lnist£3
Party..." t
A loyalty investigation was conducted concerning Milton
Sachs and the results furnished to Commission o
March
is no indi
New and there is no indication
with the Milton Sax mentioned by Harvey M.
Matusow.
J '1OMMENDATION: A
he Liaison Section for discussion with the State Department. In
event the State Department has any specific request concerning
this matter, the Loyalty Section should be so advised. 4M pl" _ arr!- [J -REC
" It is recormuended that this memorandum be forwarded to
/fhe
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0 6 fV.[6?7Z01"6Z7%ZZz:77Z UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
FROM H Stanl i
wmcr DIVISION or aesmncn 1-on rue ma -f92r ] 1c1cc1"rA1 '33ms! sourmmn Anus -W E, , - 1; --
DEPARTMENT or s-rum *1""_f;, - ___ALLEBATION or comrmnsr smarmm ~ W3 "i
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Ir.'::'~~_:_-K-"§_4"or nurtures Inronmxr 0114?
lNF0HJ&92T1ON ,_. i
To refer attached interview of informant to Internal Securi
Section for consideration of indivichals no longer employed at State
Action taken by Loyalty Section concerning two current employees.
BA CYGROUND
On February 6 1953 oi' Alexandria, 9 I
employed by the State Department, furnished informtion concerning Communist
sympathies of individuals employed in Division of Research for the Far East
Southern Areas, State Department in 19147 Attached i 1 thisinterview. Two oi the individuals named therein, aka,and are current employees of the Department of State.
? was investigated under Executive Order 9835 and was
retained in er employment. She was one of the security risks named by Sena £25_ .._,
1..-'§'~ 1-
4.'0 v Gr
»--_ 3.
.r- 1_I.'l<!'cCarthy A memorandum has been prepared ior transmission through liaison
to State Department concerning her.
has not been investigated by this Bureau under Execut
Order 9835 and the information concerning him is being transmitted to the
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--D *-r- orEKG -- - vuu
INTER VIEW OF »H-TWI E
who res tdes at
Alexandria, Vzrginza, is resen
by the State Department tn th
called at the Bureau on Februar S e
uzewed by Speczal Agents and
Her parpose "" calling at the parea and Jurnzsnzng 1a;orma-
tzon was that she felt die worked 1 a sectzon at the State
Department whzch had been znfested wtth persons she believed
to be Communzsts o -Commun1sts- Thzs group had been
who has been out mm at _ --
t nt For some t t, according to Depar me
le
was gzvtng sho
confzdentzal, and inasmuch as she dad not know the
classzftcatzon of the cable an so for as it was concerned
should be treated as secret. She also sazd she was
reoardzna the informatlon she was furn;shina as beina ghg
same as under oath She agreed that if at was found necessary
to do so, she would testify before a Hearzng Board regardrng
the znformatzon she was furnzshang,
She sazd an 194
of a sectzon of the -
Southern Areas, State Departm 811
in thzs sectzon as a clerk She
rl h d ru rprznnn +n hp?-|.mm rin-r-inn 1'-hi the lmnression an- -a_ eve -_-- _- --_.--- --... -...perwod that was a Communist. She said?
early in 19 ef the State Department at the time o
McCarthy charges, went wzth the UNESCO, and later trzed to
Q back an the State Department but was not azcaessful.
was later o ered a Job at a Unzuerszty in
a whic believed was at
has learned rom a former secretary
resent Stati iioartment employee namedI1 4- rl + +n +1: Una -Sela? Ieile MU UII UPIcould not accept the position as she would be unwzlltng toszgn a non-Uommunzst a_f_f1dav1t. hadhad been the head
or the For East
had worked
had gained
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was investigated under the
Loyalty Program, a we instituted investigation J-lay l9,
1948 This invest
LOCI-8 0 7'18
individuals named b nator s charges in .
early I ..._l
iadvised that in he section headed byh e~e,# worked, there hada numb o o her employees w 0 were under 1and whom belieued to be pro-Communist. She. ' a n. that in l94? and lees; this arrplified s y ezpl ini g
entire section hich had to do with Southeast Asia hadregard¬1:Lj{092¬.bi~%{inh_, the Indochina leader, as an agrarian
reformer and had favored him in his early struggles with the
French.
_ 1 1 e n e she, herself, had felt exp a ne t a
that Ho Uhi Hinh, having been Mbscow trained, was a Communist
and was following the Stalinist plans. She said on occasions
she expressed these siews which had led tc.her having been
ostracized by o Department unit. She said,
for example had been br the
section by rked
i ea M
0r br re cla ssifie icte
wondered about this and wondered exactly who
w _, but because of her instructions did allow herto this material. One day at about noii when only and Severe present together, G-3n¬dwhat t the State Department ard Ho ChiHinh was? h said she did not know but after further
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i ' t G st then said op nion was a e was a ommuni
that she could not understand how was working in
that unit because everyone else was r of no Chi Hinh
a d h h l a nd hi h dn
n s e erse jg w s fo of m. These remar s cause
to go to the Security Qficer and to ask him
w o e woman was. He said he did not know and took
the matter up with who was very irritated at-D cancern -- I-Fi§ nd FuZ'iF:";|:.'|'n
Ihen returned to the_State Department
achin stint ' 'from a short te at sity of California,
she informed that =' innabolished. It about the same Q
who was immediate s rme =r t
it would no e possible o hing but a
good eficiency rating. out to her that*"**" * --------------- "- oé at the State Department
t and he ask d to buwro-my ncr uumcrruuci ycu-rs SEEFU
she had had a lor row of celle .g em n s, s e e
provided with an explanation as to why her work was not beinregarded as as good as it had been. *
no good explanation was forthcoming. indica e
that perhaps she should try to find another job some place
else in the State Department.
According to then began a long period
af difieult" which she ererienced with nd withend while #went 140 the ga!ei Departmentersonnel office, which to er to sit tight and to take no
action towards getting located in another unit,
insisted repeatedly that she find herself another position,
During this period she was given practically no work, her
desk was moved, and she would be called in periodically by1d would be ashe at she had done to reallocateerse Ultimately,£tooh a job in another section
Qf the State Department at a lesser solar in order to settlethe matter. Q:/znderstood thathand others
in the unit e eve she furnished information to Senator
llcdarthy which led to his making charges concerning-
cnd other-2. hcategorically stated this was nottrue, and that she had never furnished to Senator McCarthy
any information. She did say that on one occasion she had
gotten as far as the Department of Justice Building with
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the intention o seeing the FBI but had then changed her
mind. identified the following employees qf
the unit in the State Department which had been headed by
_as being pro-Communist: / KL anwho was mm e superior. According o
was one of the persons who felt so Chi
is followers were right in their fight against
the French and were not Communists but were agrarian
reformers t s noted that we/have investi atedbot and her husband,
nt. Ie institu ed t e nues i-
on March 29, .1948, and we were informed
that she by the State Department on September 30,
1948. She was one of the individuals named as security risks
by Senator Joseph R.3lcCarthy.
In speaking o_ _ said onone occasion she had writ en _egarding U. S.
ouernment aid to the Viet-Nam Forces. Accordw this paper had been so
cam¢_gy of,her office and toldF we can't just wave the re
a all copies of the memorandum destroysthen
Another individual whom __m said had beenfavorably disposed to Ho Chi Minhls forces but who had,
accordin t her words, "reformed" in June, 1948, was
She said that this individual in the
' an to say that Ho Uhi.Hinh was a Communist,
and that his forces were Communistic. lt is to be notedthat we instituted a lo al investigation oare we office. ~
lesearco, Leportnent of State, on January 3; 1950. The
investigation reflected activity in the Trotskyite movementby? including letters showing his continued interest
in e Workers Party while_was in the Army in 1945,
I
IIt is to be noted that durin the loya invest onwe interviewed a"d andthey indicated they ad no doubts conce oyalty.d prior to a final decision on h yalty appeal.
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Another of the rou re ardas Pro-Communist was who,is= now r student in *°- » 9
She said he was formerly a staf qficer in Saigon.
She said that during the time he was assigned to the unit
in the State Department he had been openly in favor of the
Ho Chi Hinh's forces and had been violently o osed tothe French iilonial Regime. According to*
is presently a Foreign Service vJJioer in
to be noted that the Forei n Service Listoes show that -is an d was
appointed to his present pos on une 5, 51,
|IIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIl
As itvation in the State
Department, described an incident where she
was having lunc wit a woman who was spoken to b a manand ater the man went by, the woman told that
was the "*gest Communist in the stateDepa said at first she thought thewoman was jokin u _ ater came to realize that she wasiillini ihe truth. It should be noted we investigated
t Loyalty Program'while he was employedETQ y the Department of State. He was
one of e n mentioned by Senator McCarthy in
March, 1950. He resi m the State Department on
April 16, 1948.
According to s now
with the Chinese Oommunis another
matter which had given her concern e she was working
in the unit under _were the various persons whowere brought into the unit and wh had access to material, Osome of which Pbelieved to be classified.
She advised tha the monitor broadcasts were in themselves
marked restricted and other material varied in classification.5'he said one of these individuals,P1110-S an author on Southea sia. e g
w given access to material dealing with the Far East, -
and that she, herselj! had seen her with a "confidential"
Hnnnmnnti
Another individual who was an infrequent visitor
was Fe have investigated
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o mentioned that game
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have information. It is to be noted that the Bureauis ilesreflect a loyalty form was received cwhich lists him as a at the a Department.
lis loyalty form was re urne o the State Department on
April 30, 1948, stamped no disloyal data in the FBI files-
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rho oppecre to be identical '
with the on-. eo your ry, we the eubjoot of o {security-
type tnveetlgqtfon to 194.9 -944 and 1951. for your information,
cnpiel of the felldzlg four investigative roporte in that
Investigation are enclosed:
' rieport of Special lgelt dated
U April 8'1, 1.951, at New I
mm .1 Wm: 1,." M muApril 8; 1944, at I-en I , e -"W ,»
' Report of Specie! Agent ed
October 27, 1943, at loner , on crooy. 7
Report of Epectal lpeet dated
ooptenber 10, 1943, at rt-
fho ecu individual use the oubject of on l|woe'tt9ot:'en
under tho Loyalty of do-zormunt Inpleyeee pregrdu In the Spring "
of 1.~49 in connection with tor aonberehtp in the Untto btutee
Iiooion to the tinted Iotteae. Phetoototo of reporte in thattmoottgation are oloo oeoloeod, no follow: - ' I
W.» .1 .-mm; 1,. mu A
Report oo Special Igent atedApril £1; 1949, at root r
op»: of Special 1gent dotodApril 23, 1949, et loeto , motto. r.
ieport of spacial Agent cl tell '
Hog 4, 1949, at Hooking ea, "' ;!"i', ' e Q . g , .¢-
Roport of fpocicl Agent 93t8"iP0-'~bEc>"
April 15, 1949, at Lee lye e , 0 n 13lWG 3] .1953
Hoport of Special A§ent a-ted.
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
QL Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
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IIindicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exernption s! 6 A,__ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
lnforrnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documentls! originating With the following govemnient ageneyliesl ___ . ,__ __ _
._. __F_- , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Pagelsl referred for consultation to the following government agencyesl; ..-a,_i__i
RIBS ___ ..-_ __ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagelsl withheld for the following reason s!:
_ _ _d ._._o __._. _a 7? __
For your information: _____ _ g_ _g_____7____ _
EX The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: "
4.:-1951 no.1 ... LI./.1-1 .1./__ _
XXXX XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX/I92/"' ¢L.J-== /0 41/e f. 5 _ _
>35
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
§ nanrrrao PAGEXS! §
Xno DU-PLICATION sea X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
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"ii- . _ _ ,Synopsis: __ ____i___,___._ _-r,,___"__,___-._ _ __._..... ----.-____.-- . ._J6! SRFKECR JOS; H E. HQCQETHI
nae? CH}G$ =>.Uu5t 1 ' ' '
' 4-. q I I I _, 1 Q I --. I _,""-" . _ $ ", 61 - / c a ££»M¢.1.->/57' Inf M 7"+7"¬/ ~19-c;'¢°/3!? /"5/1//
. Reference in made to my remorandum, le-It-$3, concerning
name checks received from G-2 on 129 Senators and Vbngfumn who
are to be invitec to the P¬nti£OD tnflj in January, 195h» wherethey are to be briefed on the future war F1288 oi the US. is -.
etated in referenced memcrendum this chec; ta being ctnfined to r
main Iilee ind 0-; is teina Iarniehed inioruntion aha! in instance! y
where we conducted invcetinitions. The IFI h n not ee|.4cted an
inveetigaticn of Jenmtor Joseph McCarthy. toutvtr, you 5111 re-
call thut the Senator has been connerted aith four matte e in
which the Pureau has been interested: ii lltued !*rebul~ritiee
in the General tlection, State of Hargltnd, LOVCJJQP T, 195u,
! illegltion in Eecember, 19'1 1h-1 Senator HcC+rtny 00mm1liB§ isodomy on Pertinent imermtion E
concerning 92 e u J¬E8P& '. *. ?o1Ling, L-. on
>t1Q in 1959 to determine toe euurce of h
crmation concerninr theEtibjrct of E! loywltg investigation. Ii! us gurle.-zu assisted
the Loyqlty 'evieu Board and the Civil Service Uonnissicn by
c nducting lwtezt fingerprint examinations in an ntfecpt to V
identify the FenqtOr'a eouree f¬Q1Pd1nQ the ?oard'e m-eting on
February 13, 12, 1951. Fenator AcCabth5, iixnou h involved in
eqch of the above mvticre, has not b-en the subject cf 1n invea~
tigation conducted by the Bureau. It is ttrefore r&cO1a¢D§8that 6-2 be nivise the EFI has nonduete no investigation -. Q,
It]: ,1_'J!-_t'3 I.L"{_I_-J:-¢ Q
Senator Hcrarthya
pertinent to their inquiry.
'"1="c- '- lKT92 1 AI - .'._ ..- .
If on agnrove, the name check request will be stamped I .nno invgstiation eonducamf by the PEI pertinent tn gour inquin;,i_will be returned to pg 8h§:iaieen Section. - q$,» 92 A_ I _ b ll _
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Feference la maa to my memorandum dated Decambcr lt,
1°53, concerning nan» obeoaa lubmittoé by G-2 on 129 §6D;tOPI
an4 Con russqen who are to attend u conference it the Pentagon
Girl, in J&nU1r| 1953. Recording to C-Z this conferenco is
for the purpose of briefing the member: of Congress on futurl
US war plina. -4
is set forth in tho referenced mnmcrandum the search 15
roneral indinea w=s confined to main files i dita is being
furnished to U-i only in instances where we D178 conducted invis
tig>tionl. i 1
The FTI his not conductnd in invostigition cf Jcnzior
J0s0Dh R. Hcc_rth3. Fowzvor, you will recall thit the Senator
has hePn corrected with four m1L<ers in which the Eureau has
been interested. ihaae are as followa:
! In an investigation entitled "Unknuin iuujacta;
ll ged Irr0 u11ritiea, cERQP¢1 u1CCt1O, St;te of Maryland,
Povembir 7, 1950; Perjury" it H55 iscertained that 'enitor
HcC.rthy u.: invulveo with others in the 1£FU4nC8 cf certain
C-mpalfh litsrnture u'ich maa ii z;;enr that 5en192or Eyiings
nreriGc* 0v92r'2 Eenuie invosti:.1ion in such A manna» as to 'uhi
w-sh chirger voncernin; dislcyiltg of Scare u¢ysrtnent emplcyra
C=r ior Bctovthy was not mentionrd .a 1 s;bject in U113 inveetig
ticn. he Ip; tmeni closed this else by nemoranuum dotou
October lb, 1953.
Z; In a letter dated Iicember £9, 1951, addressed to
'0 .- ;" Y '..' Kenatcr EuhtC of . rmc.tic.t be=*ir, tho purported ai,ni1ura of
it was Alleged that ;enntOr 4CcdPtr - 1 lind on others moan tcw
and -ll oz or persons n -rvieued denied knoulng nc,_rtLy one -1
denied h.vin[ engaged in iny activities uh1tgoev;1 ulth him.
Results or this investigation were furnished to tho {apartment 0
Jenujr-_§ 22, 19>¢. fnfornntion concerning uaa
furnished to General A. T. Boiling, G-2, on January aa, 195:.
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Q45 ! In July, 1950, at the reque
"M Bureau conducted en investigation to det
cg which Senator Rcrarthg obtained lnfraat
the subject of s 10311
e en J 3 p , _
HePartby'e Tnformation Fegardinf Goaernment mployeesl Pemovul of
- Government Property} Loyalty of Gcvernue
the floor cf the en1te, July c5, 1950,
no at the lame time distributed
= ow.
- .A:¢-3'
- E-i n July 25, 1950, the Attorney G
7 Fureiu to conduct an investigation to do
his recueat that there meg have been a v
3'1? £21 '
-.-
authene cop; of any COCUlcDt prepared b
the Etut Tep;rtment or the loyalty Ravi
.k_.the latter date the ep~rtmont was advis
investigation was tn be conducted ind no
irvectipqtion has been received from the
time.1r-7.24
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Enforzwtion Fegarding binutee
February 1}, lb, 1951! iecel,J..
7 >: 9-J.¢.;_ _
assui
_ ecurcc for his prcua P0lOa5Q Jlnunrj 5,
T? *w=r6'e ueetiny February 13-lh, 1931,
I
=5 The Civil Service Commission hadEI_ u ich purported to b fivil Service foumisnion eumarg of the?7'- inveetigntion oi .5 1
I
i - -
at cf the nepartment the
ermine the eouree from
ion concerning one
ty investigation- This
nt Bmp1oyeel- It en
earned e etetement made by Senator McCarthy during a epeeoh on
in ubicn he mertioned
copies of a documentl M tinknoun Sub ecte Source of Sen-Ito! Jose h R
d ~ . -.7 . -
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cuerel requeeted the
terminc the eource fromwhich senator nearthy Outained the above eumqary indicating in
ioliticn of qitle 1 ,
aeetione ukl and LL71 United State: Pede-
The iVe8ti;&!iOn failed to eatwblisb conclusively the
identity of henitor ¢cPerthy's couroe- It 6' dice e thlt thehrmirusr for the iogwlty F1-view EC-!~Idp may
possibly hive been the source of $en=tcr »c"1rth3 e nformution.
The summary dlltributed by the eeuator was uoparentij not an
3 the tivil Service Commi
ow Foard.
The results of this investigation were cont to tee feputy
I 'ttorne3 General on Fuvcmber 7, 1950, and December 7, 1950, n
ed thut no additional
further req-eet for
Dennrtment since that
Senator Joseph E,
of Loyalty Feview Erard'
ldneoue Information
Loyalty of bOIernmeRt Lnployeec. The Ieoartment by
dated Jtuqry 22, 1952, requested the Bureau to conduc
i TB iLVc$tig&Li0L in an attempt to idcotify fenntor McCarthy:
1952, This r°1B8Q was- illcpedly based on the confidential ninutce of the Lojultg Fevieu f
i
conducted a previous
- inveeti otion in this matter. tn Februlry 13, 195:, LcputyE
'tiorney
the Fivil Service Fonuisiun to conductJenerai Ywncch advised he thought it would be better for';92E
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but did coonarato with tho Loyalty Pevlaw Foard and the CivilSevvica Pohminsion in th1t it conducted such latent fingerprint
ex-ninntionn as Hero rcquestod-
L-»=--' Iv =*Yu92 - _92._ . '$_ ~- I.,--1-1-->_,.._-|--I-'It la noted hit although senator GC92rLh] n18 involvedIn ouch of the anovo muttera, ho was not the subject cf these
tion cOrO8rn1ng Len4t»r Mc?LrLhg has Lean ccnducbso by the ril
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STATE DEPARTMENT} ' _
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A copy of the transcript has been obtained and has been transmitted lo the Investigative Division for its immediate review. __
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. A,-"""'Q i 2__-2'i __,Referenr.e is made to mi memorandum earlier today advising that
, was obtaining a copy
of the transcript of the Executive Sesion Re-H 5101-= the Committee regarding
eecurity clearance of nominee; On January 26, 1954, in order that we could have
the exact statement made before the Committee available {or review, The item
-*-e were interested in wee ;tate'meut that the State Department -
was reimbursed by the FBI in the sum of $550 for each security check, although
in some cases 60% of the investigation was carried on by the State D e_partrrie-nt. ~ _twee quizzed on the propriety of the State Department paying the Bureau
the full sum oi $550-vhen t1':e~y were doing 59% oi the work,
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with ref once to the Executive Session testimony ofp
e a ons , advised 5th'eTt we'had"'reviewed the transcript. There were so many inaccuraciethat something had to be worked out to correct the record. I toldwe did not want to violate his confidence and-wedwere wonderingan on _ 1' mt ld be agreeable for us to approach p , > wouFf. their testimony. They, of course, would kn we ha a tranecriptf" t and that he
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.3L" ":-. 3;stated that this would be perfectly eatisfec ory,geeted we advise Handqthet we had approached the1 1'1 Committee following pearance o the Doris Pleeson co unn o
d cured a copy of the Executive Session testimonyJanuary 27 and ha eeNil would be calling on us in theas we anticipated that Senator ey
near future for an explanation.stated that he had seen P-he other night andtold that he had gone back over e testimony in view of thel I r Doris eeson column, and that the Senator would no doubt ca oan ex lanation for this. The Senator will, of course, not make anyPrequest or us unless we want him to do eo.wrurzner toldpthathhe thought -and ought to ogether and rev ew and correct the transcript be ore
tete ent. the Senator celled then for s further s ea
Senator; however, .,
know .
B uo1'necoe5'F5"-' ~ _ "' .
00 " "reco r. Rosen-l ' ff. ,1 _>~J7@"=rz~*o4 * M 27* a a .¢_;.;12s.M5s121ss4 e 5-,:>,gl-,,;§.stated there resigning and will get out as - Wquickly as hey rind a rep acement for him, and accord%ng1y,. t a accord should get the testimony corrected before he leaves w inFsuggested that Liaison take the matter up with cud b 1-stated that he felt the Iii-epllest -g, to correct the -testimony would be for-and'Po write e letter to theit we wanted th o do anything Just to let I}192e. .1 . /07/"¢Z7'6*? 7% |/
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. . ' During the course at my conversation with turner Senator Be-eat
Lucae on another matter he made reference to a epeech which I91-met Senate; ]
' Tydinge made tn Maryland two month ago tn which he eatd there wee not a 92
eingte indictment at the Bl card carrying cemnmntete McCarthy had mentioned v
' on the Floor at the Senate tn I950 when be, Lneae, was leader el the Senate. 1
Mr. Lucas stated that Tydtnge eatd between 40 and 50 of tbaee tellers were -
ettlt working tor the State Department and I-ll. Laue was eoadettng whether
we would have any tafermattaa ea tale ta ear lel. . - e _A, . t . _ .
7 V. '1 totdatr. Leena that enauum net how; thatldte recall
that during the Army-McCarthy aeertnge tt wee brought out by eae at the Sena
or reference wee made by one ot the Senate:-e that no tadtetrnente had been ob
_ by the McCarthy tnveettgattone. I etated that McCarthy had aaewered thte that .
tt might be true but nevertheteee lie tnveetigatteae brought out the aeceeetty by
~'_,/ expoee tbeee people and the poetttene they held. I etate I did aet know ll theauzuoaanntm roe an. reason ' " ' . e
e an. aoanm-an 9- I. R-=-9
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92I t' original ttet of It McCarthy tatkeat about were attlt employed tn the State t _Department and euggeeted that he might eat! Scott Met-eel at the tate Departnnrat
__ who ehould be able to give him tit: tale:-enattea. _ 7 _ _ _ . -_
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tlolloneni __|lileGaedy_____ I LESa '3 If JU]'.}'d1|3§492 951' //,tt. . Very truly yeaea, ~
John Edgar HoeveeDtreetee - , _ V
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Tale. Row: ..__...
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SUGGESTION: Supervisor in the Filing
Unit h s su rou h t F i Unit r r j , a g he il ng ep esentative qf the
above committee that an extra copy be made qf serial 121-23278-
267xl2, entitled '%karings before a Subcommittee of the Committee
on Foreign Relations, U. S. Senate, 81st Congress, Second Session. ".
This serial relates to State Department Employee Loyalty
Investigations - l950. She suggests that a photostat or autostat g
copy be made o this serial in the interest of eliminating potentiallocates. W}:-oints out that the hearings consist of three i
parts, ma ne in one enclosure envelope, contains considerable
indexing and because of its "popularity" is maintained in the locatq
unit in the Justice Building for ready reference. She estimates an
average of ten requests daily are received or this serial. Thissuggestion comes within the purview ofhduties.
ADVANTAGES: ! Save locate time. ! Enable supervisors to
receive faster service when this serial is requested.
Cost of reproduction if deemed necessary DISADFHNTAGE8: -
SAVINGS: Impossible to convert to monetary savings unless an
extensive survey conducted which is not believed justified in view
of the fact that the su estion is an existing procedure and comeswithin the purview of duties.
CONCLUSIONS: It has been a long existing procedure in the Records
Section to secure or reproduce copies of very "popular" files or
serials. As su ervisor of one of the Filing Unit locate units, lit is responsibility to bring matters similar to this "K, Ito the -..en on of her superiors. This particular serial is NW
extremely active and steps will be taken to alleviate the locate " __ .problem. In an effort to eliminate this problem to some extent, <" "
4 _ , - '
Rfconuzn-ea /Q/P e23.;1__'Z V- 33;,cc: Personnel file o G FEB -----in
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h%morondum to yr. Nichols 2-1?-56
Re: Suggestion #512-56
Records Section Streamlining Committee
-.¢.--A- >-i-1----.-- 1- I - I.bULLUblUb.
this serial which consists of three parts will be made into threeseparate enclosures, thus making it unnecessary to charge all three
parts out at the same time. In the meantime, egforts will be made.
through liaison to secure a copy of this serial. If these qforts
are not_fruitful, consideration will be given to the reproductionof this serial. In view of theffact that this suggestion comes
within the purview of hTss Fhlp s duties, she has been orally 92thanked and no further acknowledgment is deemed necessary. 1
RECOJ!.!f'ENDA T J S
! b acknowledgment is deemed ne much as
this suggestion comes within the purview of M
as the supervisor of a locate unit in the/an - - u92
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to = gm, on-1-1 r
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= w. G. '.~:C4d1§.=;sPROM
suwlv ' CQMMHNISFF IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT
L=G-G.
Bulky Exhibit File Number: ;3;_g3373_30g
We are presently in the process of reviewing all bulky
exhibits presently on hand, in order that we may weed out those
which will serve no useful purpose by being retained. Inasmuch
as a great many of these bulky exhibits pertain to inactive
cases and are occupying badly needed space, it is requested that
you have the appropriate substantive supervisor review the above-
listed bulky exhibit and render a decision as to the retention
or disposition of the material contained_therein. A notation as I
to the decision rendered should be placed on this memorandum, and
I it should be returned to the Filing Unit of the Records Branch
Room lll3, Identification Building. This memorandum will be
filed in the case file.
RECOMMENDATION:
That the above-listed bulky exhibit be reviewed and a
decision rendered_as to the retention or disposition of the
material contained therein.
1
._.
sigh. /7"/'1?._37.fZZ"..NOTRECORJES
14 JUN 3 1959
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Bulky Exhibit File Number: 131_333?5_313 ° '""-*-
He are presently in the process of reviewing all bulky 92exhibits presently on hand, in order that we may weed out those '
which will serve no useful purpose by being retained. Inasmuch
as a great many of these bulky exhibits pertain to inactive
oases and are occupying badly needed space, it is requested that
you have the appropriate substantive supervisor review the above-
listed bulky exhibit and render a decision as to the retention i
or disposition of the material contained therein. A notation as
to the decision rendered should be placed on this memorandum, and ;
it should be returned to the Filing Unit of the Records Branch,
Room 1113, Identification Building. This memorandum will be
filed in the case file. -
M
RECOMMENDATION:1 ' 1 That the above-listed bulky exhibit be reviewed and a
material contained therein.
in .92
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on-on. mu. no lo Kano-nu }1-1 QQIHOHon em no no. an J
. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Memorandum
To I Th? Dlrectm d _ I 5" é V1
FRO I N. P. Cailahan
SUBJECT The Congressional Record
-u______- -'-_-- 1 92_____.'
Page A2777. Congressman Devine, R! Ohio, extended his
remarks to tneiode on editorial from the r-t Liiiderdaie Hews at April ,
1984, entitled "Ousttng at 63 Risks From U. 8. State Department Should Spur _
More Effort, " written by V-llliam A. Mullen. Mr. Devlne stated "This fine ;
editorial is worthy of considerable thought and again potnte up the tact these
matters will not just go away or can be swept under the rug. " The editorial
makes reference to information furnished the House Appropriations Subcommittee
regarding State Department personnel removed as security risks. The
editorial goes on to state "More oi FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover: testimony
to-11 Communist activities shootd be made pubite; Air. k. Robe F. Hearted?
phould recent his declaration that there aren't enough Communists in this
!,:.our:try to pose a security rtlk, and the State Department ought to give a public
report on its efforts to clean house.
"'.- I ,, 7//» S?/'*'-"'f' . .
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1' _';";33l§;~/t'5T Ei?5?929B4.
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t92 929292§
In the original of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Congressional
Record for H , was reviewed and pertinent items weremarked for the D-92irei':.{??"s attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions: 'of'o copy at he original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and placed
in appropriate Pureau case or subject mutter files.F
*92
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SIDNEY, OHlO 45 365
January 1966
J. Edgar Hoover, Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. O. 20025
Dear Mr. Hoover:
Since it is my desire to bring some old facts to light,
I find it essential to ask a very special favor of you
or your organization.
Back in 1950, on July 10, you wrote to Senator JosephR. McCarthy regarding some security files. This was
in answer to Mr. McCarthy's letter of June 27. Yourletter also refers to a letter by a Er. Ford requestingthe security information involved. I would appreciate
copies of this correspondence.
On September 8, you wrote Senator Millard E. Tydings rregarding the FBI review of the same security files.
I would also appreciate copies of all correspondence
regarding this issue. JV! $7 ,4/,;92../Iv ,4It is my intent to use /ms information in Q 1.8.11: to bepresented to our localB9tary Club. It is my intent to
show that the guilty are not always punished.
The date for my talk is February 14. This can bedelayed a week or two if such will aid in getting the
information to me.
--Q.
to JAN mess
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Memorandum
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FRONI//,Qf 1g%f;ZO'Conne11V -
UB_]EC'l- [COMMUNISTS IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT
L. G. E,Campbell _..._
Cleveland _._.
Conrad ___
Dnlbey _i
Jenkins _.__
lllruhnll _i
Iiller. E.S. _
P don er __.iMAR 1 3 1973 Sm"
Walters ___
Tele. Room ._..
Mr. Kinley __
Hr. An:-.52.-e.-:3 _
HI. Herwil __.._.
Mrs. Neenan _
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/""7 TBulky Exhibit File Number: 121-23278312 t
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We are in the process of reviewing all bulky exhibits in order I
I that we may dispose of those which serve no further purpose. Inasmuch l
as many of the bulky exhibits pertain to inactive cases and are occupying
badly needed space, it is requested that the appropriate substantive
supervisor review the above-listed bulky eichibit and render a decision
as to its retention or disposition. A notation as to the decision reached
may be placed on this memorandum. The memorandum should be
returned to the Filing Unit of the Records Branch, Room 1116, Identi
cation Building, for filing in the case le.
RECOMMsNpA§[10rj:
That captioned bulky exhibit be reviewed and a decision rendered f
as to the retention or disposition of the material. t
JPB' cf
Retain G Destroy U Other Disposition
Reason for Decision 7'/A/-=5; »-A-741 ,1;/%4.A , i i W .a i I
Signature of Reviewing Supervisor
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Uthat we may dispose of those which serve no further purpose. Inasmuch
as many of the bulky exhibits pertain to inactive cases and are occupying
badly needed space, it is requested that the appropriate substantive
supervisor review the above-listed bulky exhibit and render a decision _
as to its retention or disposition. A notation as to the decision reached
may
returned to the Filing Unit of the Records Branch, Room 1116, Identi- 'H1. Herwig _.....,
WT "II. NGQIIIJI _.4.1. g
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Bulky Exhibit File Number: 121-23278-255 Part 1,2, as! '
We are in the process of reviewing all bulky exhibits in order ;
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be placed on this memorandum. The memorandum should be L
cation Building, for ling in the case le. 92 .