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to persons accused of subversion aiiT'other criines. ' TheEfweffdf Congress to lnvestlgate anything and enitbndtthe public interest have been cut down. J '- ._- -' 1_ '
These attacks by the Suprefne Courtdo no aect only
the people. They also affect the Executive and the Legisla-tive branches oi the people's Government. And usage nowthe Executive branch, as represented by the Presi t," has
contented itself with muttermg that we must respect the
Supreme Court even when its decisions 'pass our under-
standing, and with taking fairly vigorous steps toward ask-
ing Congress to do something about the FBI-les decision.- - it seems to us that the time has colhe for l:he- -
~ . .-_ LEGISLATIVE BRANCH C
-meaning the Congress of the United States, to appoint
itself the tribune of the American people. i - ~
That is Congress proper and constitutional function.
As tribune 0! the people, Congress could, and we think
should renew its ght to slash the Eisenhower budget byseveral billions; and it should take up the am to clip the
Overgrown claws of the Warren Supreme Court and restore
to both the President and Congress the powers that court" , - hasbeentakingaway. -- -- ~It: Tame 92 There would seem to be little time to
To Fight waste in this matter. If things go on in the
. present direction much longer, the Ameri-can people can wind ug with a bankrupt Government and sfll0plI!g ination, an with the Judicial branch in full con-
rol of the White House, Congress and all the rest of us.
That would mean the end of the United States as we
have known and loved it. In Congress lies the..l.ii-HQPB
l'I15"W!"can detect 0:! heading o such e dlsasteire . ---: --
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"" "" ' " ' . nun» can ue uune awut I gupreine
.__court that iynores on 1'i8I'it§ o1 consrers and the Executivol}l.nd. in cect, nulliijes various provisions of the $onstitution',_.t|,5g117_ ~,.., ., .-.._ . ':__-. .V--.- 5:.-,, .-,1
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- ' bribery and other high crimes and misde-.
meanors." In the event. however. Zthat'-.~= -r. -92 - -.,. I -2
ruled upon. =- - - _--.
. new-=to1aze'cus-' '1
if 'Ihis correspondent the other
. day recalled the stir made by
jthe famous Myers case in Oc-
ltober. 1926. and took occasion
?to reread the decision because
- in its 50.000 words is Elven the
imost exhaustive discussion o!
Ethe rernovsi powers of Coniress
;ever presented by the Supreme
Co_urt. , - ~ - ,1' * But this-case and the decision
;i1i the Humphrey case in 1935-
irepudistine the President's re-
1'-moval or e. member or the Fed-
iconflned largely to the question
i ' of how far Congress may by law
Yirestrict the_removal powers _oii the Chiei Executive with respectlo executive and quasi-Judicial
it posts. rt is clear thit the Hesi-
dent can remove an oiclal for
the causes specied by Congress
V the post fin purely a.- This. question has arisen lately because or the extreme naturei. ' of some of the decisions oi the high court 1which substantially impair the investigativei
' operations of Congress and the prosecution.' of criminals and tmtors. - -' - 2 ' 1
.;>r* alt may come as -s surprise to many neopiell' * to rind that Justices oi the Supreme Courtii
_ H ..__ -ff=_ oi the United States are not assured oi liteif - ~ . nure and that nowhere in the Gonstitution
.E;"-re? _;f_ ~-e the words "life tenure" A-ctualiy_ Constitution simply ssys thst Justices oil* he hleh court shall hold. omce only "du.rlna]-_ !-'3! ood behlvlo-r.u V_|_ . __". L. : .:_ _'. .;§j-; -. it . The Constitution provides ior impe -; , ' - e :nent ' oi Judges, but solely .101 "tree
justices do not cornrnlt any such crimes but;
Wang go beyondtheir proper Judicisliunctions a ictually destroy the right of the nation to ,rotect itself against subversion, can anything be done about itiiStrangely enough. in the entire history Of tho 5921PI'9l-I10 CW1
there he-.-er has has a case involving a denition of the word good behavior in connection with any Supreme Court JusticeNor has there been any case in which the power oi removal o .1
high court Justices has been"
era] Trade Comrnjssion--are!
when xing the tenn__oi oi_
tend also ior other causes A.
mentioned by Congress w:h_ _the .
nd
; Opinion Quoted- it is plain ifrorn o. reading
t --lilvere :......==~ that most or -Icussions in the early daysote republic and since then have
ated primarily to whether the
Senate has to be consulted about
removals. It seems to be an es-
tablished f_act that i'or_1'nany
years the Congress asserted its
rlsht to participate in the re-
moval power. Desrfribing this
early history, the Supreme Co1u't
in an opinion in 1839 said: .
No_one denied the power of
the in-esident no the Senate.
Jointly to remove. where thetenure or the oftice_was nailxed by the C_opstitueion. which
was a lull recognition of
principle that the power or re-mo!ai was incident to the mo:
or appointment.
Qannuoted Ln these decisionsand ?;1jebutted_ is an __arnim.e!jsander Hamilton, ho ;"I: bu been mentioired 3°
oithesdnnisgestobssxner
rrom the, co-operation of tbs-Benale in J-he business oihsp-.5metre-term Well I ti 01 the.
Administration.-The cement oithat bod! would be necessary to.
'5-lsolece es sci! es to shoot.-at."
-It'seetns'lo|ical to conclude-Jas Justices Brsndeis, Holmes and i
Mceynolds plainly asserted
their dissent in the Myers case
A-that the power resides
Gonzress to "control removals
stipuiatinz in a law the basis tortsuchremovsl. _ _ -Centres: Pours " ' .1
Hence, it Congress chose to.define "good behavior" and p2'O-Itvided by law that the President
em the e:-.-ate could iointly de-
cide on the removal oi any or all
oi the Supreme Court Justices
and then other justices were;
nominated and confirmed to re-.
place them. there is enough lsg- .
islative power vested in Congress-to make the action stick despite;
any attempt by the courts to
interfere. For Congress also has
the right. specifically given by.
the Constitution, to determinethe lppellate Jurisdiction" oil.
the Supreme Court. Throuih alaw of this kind. Congress could.
prevent any review oi its owni
statutory denition oi the phrase.
"good behavior." , iSo Justices of the supreinetCourt can be ouited whenever-it
Csress and a President iointly »
decide to take that action to.-
Protect the country from erratic
or irresponsible decisions by a"
msiority oi tnehizh court. "Lite ..tenure is a custom-not an so-i
so.u..e assurance oi tenure for
supreme court Justices. And cus-_
tom" has been overturned in
deslons-in-more instances ined twenty Years sinceetire
called "liberals" took over the.
Subreme Court than in all theW???
_ I tive. The decisions are __i and contradictory where no - Ais specii'ied,by Congress-es, I ______ -' _ _ e p. hsnnapthe case oi_ _ ' NQ-if Rtconoa-=. -.-:-,--.,--__.*--- .___~--_._. __._ ,1" _-. _ ,
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Wash. News
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Dolly Worker
The Worker ...___.___.__
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t.Judz@§=-...o...;e.g.. s ..- 3» * 44 lo Date 1957"
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Oar jlolm Drgqeri e_ o';_H¢_|d If ob! _
. MOVE th J hn Dllllng r':.e"3.t""§"'"
0 . gouzg. It evelrea cease mm W5?
lle that did. Thsne y FBI coecglgirllonnafon on this man and kept itIn a secret le without hisconsent - and didn't send} L2copy to his lawyer. _ -"7The end this //I!moor man was cornered .group of armed FBI
a dog. Had not the agentsacted so cowardly John Dil- /Imger would have faced" 1court and probably would .92ire began sentenced to death.S, o course, vhvgld h e
in reversed by t u
end John F'-'1?! be alive W581. _ ' Wash. Post and3, ' -311.1. § Times Herald7* H Wash. News __;
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;¢1n_i,qe=1aea_ye¢:_uaay inn. " commllini !!3l8i_Irrm: "ms;-: *=:~ a C o e ecen ___ m Co liE¬that cur lpO a
_ we;-f't0'extract aonfeaaiqna;1 /-.. .
the special B0-minutrmeetia.
sued thia statementr; __; .'
"It is agreed there la no prob,-. .
lam ronirontinz the police or
the district attorney in the,i matter oi a ailablilty or a 'eorn- frnitting maéstrate. The United
-States Commissioner !.ru:i the A
Ivarioua judges to'who1i:'92acceaa ,
ymay be had are adequate tomeet any problem at_the pres-I
ent time. , -..- .~ _--.».»'--
The Mallorybecisioa ' : ff = r
- The Supreme Court held inthe Mallory case that__th_e do- Nfendant'a signed confession we:invalid because he was he]by_poIice too Ionnbefore beingarraigned and w _ not avisedj
oi his rights; _" .- _§
Ye_sterda,ya _ are e tin g was .ailed to determine wheihef
there was a need for making a
ommitting magistrate avail-'
able on short notice at all'-houra.-- . ** =in United sate} Attorney Oliv-_' §er' Gasch said immediate. er-
Iraignment was not the prob-
-lem, because the S u p r e in e
ECourt'a ruling held that police
,can.not hold a suspect tor quea-
tioning with the purpoae_ 0;obtaining a confession. " awn to Con.i'e_r;.~, ,--;; 5:»?'. He we he would confer mi:[with C. Aubrey Gaach, |;auitaq_i_|£or-a special Senate Judicial?Subcommittee on . Improvin
the Federal Code, about o '
taining clariiying legislation oia_rrest-and-arraignment put, oedure. »-' , -if --ow :4 -»=
In addition to _Gasch, other;
attending the meeting in Lawnoijnee wag Chip Judge Leon-ard P. llah of MuniclgalCourt, Police Chief Robert ,3Murray and United states _Com+_
=11.-.=.::.=.*=* J..-..-or - I3. P° 9 . .N tinue: to appiv ,tha.-ihiiaatie
ative roeedurea dnbqiora3
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know ow re
__-ision.s oi th_ "we"-
. o toward limitins or
1 in: the investigative
Congress. Bo a one
mmlttee oi live mem-
hss been -slmointsd to
onduct an inquiry.
But before any such inquiry
aean be eective, will the Housegut Representatives accept the
;8upreme.' Court's edict and
ipass a resolution stating ex-
'ictly what it wishes to inves-insen, and. it it should decideFee call an! witnesses. will the
-committee make clear in ad-
vance lust what the witnesses
are to be asked?
if Any investigation probably
will be ssless unless the Houseiii Fllepi-Jheentatives is prepared
to assert fully its prerogatives
under the Constitution, which
vs each House can make its
I1! rules sovesnins its pro-
_ snore are 10 oi thinksabout the operstzions or the
Bupreme_Colirt 0! the United
States which. under the "right
to know doctrine. Congresscan seek to learn. ~
'; There "is. for example, thele oi "law clerks." Maybe_ ey ought to be summoned
to testify to explain recent
decisions. Some oi these aides
are brilliant students oi the
_.ta'w and Perhaps know more
about the new-tangled reason-
. ces themselves. -
.-. In the March, 1958, issue of
the Calitornia Law Review.
p instance, there was pub-lished an article entitled 'I he
Loyalty-Securii-7 Pro-
fsrsm: -A Proposed Statute."
one oi. its three authors was
Graham B. Moody. ir., who
-1 a iootnote as
"head lav clerk to the Chiei
Justice or the United States.
3 Moody. in this article, pro-Doeed a bill which CODIFCI;_ 5 Q 1 in the so-called liberal =..:-' gecilions than do some oi theO 0
by Tribunoif: Curbs "f[place of the-executivelorder setting forth the President's
.- was this order whose icons
was subsequently modiiled II!
the Supreme Court's decision
in the Cole case."Arnong the
recommendations or the sus-
seetedhillisthepointthata
distinction should be made
between employee in security-
sensitlvc" agencies and ordi-
nary employee ot_ the GOVH'B~
|nent.- ~-~. -- '
The Supreme Court itselfSeen Confronted
Judiciary committee 81
oi Representatives
h aéthe - loyalty and security Drolram.
Iliad under comideratiolr at thetime the Cole. caie inn, in 3
decision handed down on JuneIii, 1056. made Just such a
distinction. The Court said
the Congress didn't mean to
allow nonsensitive ssencies to
be covered by the President's
regulations. . ' .
Moody left the service of the
Chief Justice a iew days after
the decision in the Cole case
was handed down. is the term
oi the court ended. Moody.
e_f coma. ha lust as much
right to publish his article as
the Justices. themselves, seem
to assert oi! the bench in mak-
ing public speeches on.contro-
versisl issues of the dill.
_Unquestious.h1y. Moodyknows a lot about thepowers
of Congress in these matters
and. in the article in the
California law Review which
he co-authored, a footnote
occurs: For what_it may be
worth. it is me writers txliei
that some type oi Federal se-
curltr prosram is both politi-
cally and socially Justinsble."
But the article points out that
Consress should exclude from
consideration as charges by
any executive department
ssainst any emplqye such
things as the signing oi peti-
tions. Presence "at a gatherinoi two or mot-e people," use cg
an alias. attendance at .educa-
tions! institutions, travel out-
side the United States. It isn'tH clear from the article llthether
all questions.-relative to such
poinia would be barred mm:A e. __._ 1 he -- gm
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setting up *standards' "
sure i tint. siscmu-m tron;'_
Government einpi'oyment;
would not occur solely on ac-'
eount oi their '.'associations.'*J
or passive ec.tivlI§.f', ,-1
Moody's point oi viewto have been borne
conrmed, 'in -the Supreme.Court decisions ihich iol-3;;lowed. Thiswould appeartoin-'--,_
dicate that, while the Justiceaf
themselves. might decline to!testify before the new
mittee oi the House, maybe,
the talented law clerks could.shed some light on the reason-_jins processes oi some oi thei
For the co-at nowolds um individual rum]
ually supersede the risht as.
he Nation to protect itseli-
sainst subversion. It accepts
he so-called "liberal" view.
that <01181'es-Iional investiga-
tors have no right under mé
Colistitution to compel answers!from witnesses if the questions?
eiete to beliefs, past aseocia-_ions .0: "Political" eoncepiaf.e word "political" presum-_-,-
ably now covers the,Co@I=_'92._t=t
though Consreu msreiusedlto dignity the. Com»;munist organization as ;a_
legitimate political party inthis country but holds it to be,
the agent ot a Ioreisn power
hostile to the interests of theUnited States. -" .- .1!
" The House Judiciary Com-
ittee will not ket very far
with its inquiry unless it is?
prepared to investigate the
processes or the Supreme
Court itself. For the American
people have the rlsht to nd
out who writes the decisions -or i.he»8up1-eme Court todav-- F
the Justices-or their "law?
clerks. I1 the law clerks";i
have such inuenpe, should _.
not each perhaps be rec-
osnized with the title Io! '
"assistant Justice" and be ap-pointed heresiier subject to
coniirmatlon by the Senate,lust as age the glougzes theirselves an the ' -mating" -
oiiicials who assist the top-
level members oi the execu-~
tive the Gov -Imm::r559§92s}3L~%-=e»2i""".....£.f...£.'£.! °°"~° MW. ,,,* ,,,*P=-<.§*1-m'-.v~i' -:,,.,*" *"@ it" I.
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1"-old Renovate Court:-en-gé
'Io the Iéditor: According to I recentj ruling oi o r itpreme Court, in which it
1 freed a number of peopfe mixed up with
1 the Communist Perky, I nntunliy wonder1 ust what it would actually teke to convict '
_ ne tried on any chirie involving Commo-
' ism and make it Stick. ' 9
Q It appear: that our lower courts can
never convict and sentence anyone {or any
of the numerous charges concerned with
Communism that our Supreme Court W11}
- upheld. Vest sum; ct money end e tre-{ mendous amount oi testimony are entailed
_~ in order to obtain these convictions end,
1 after all this time and money are expend-
} ed, it just doesn't mean a thin; when ii
reaches the highest court in our land.
E_ My observations are that every one of
'; these cases that is declared unconstitué
. in ml is a green light for everyone thusLac itted to double his efforts and deH i
~ gen ; .1- __t__,_|'~ M1-_ T §M '!l1.i|. 141-
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@_ Pr, c__ gu[7t¬_£/' 92{_[}[I.,q For
1 _ iq492__l| y courts to do anything about it. It e
Ialways been _my solid belief that it anyone
admits to being n member of the Commu-_ ntst Party, then he or she is responsible
to that party for carrying out any orders15Sll¬d from the higher-upsand, no doubt,
some of these orders cell for the oven-
; by force it necesslry. y.
the prosecution and carrying out ct then
cw». with all the lawmakers we have in
Washington. we should.nt have any ann-
_ cuity in peering lewe thet these nine old
_y men" could not lust cut aside, disr'e:'ud-
' in: the great emount of time and money
§P%_nt to obtain convictions by judges and
. Ju111es_1n the lower courts. 1 am beginningF
1
to think that our entire judicial systemcould stand I. compIete_renovstio;h_'.._..,
h| r..ou1sviue__;____ WltATl." B. WACKER.~--., . _,n _ ~ '- - ,_t. _-4, -tL--- I .._ _._-___e l-_.._. -1 A-_______ _-uuvw m. uur present xurm or govemmennj
_ Re: _t
l.
I 1
It our present laws are inadequate Dina"
-
i Bufile No, _______________________
LS File No. __._.___________
i C0urierJouv1"-at ,
Louj-5Vi1le Tir. es;
Louisville, Ky,Date 7/; /F7F! 924
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MI: Nichdl
Mr. Ahdmn-,Mrlwli t__."§.Mr. M-T1 »---
Mr. Par -
Mr. It
Mr. Ta .m e __
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f 6f0RWF1MMMREMBT?
_ ,,;- __Tif _ _ . _» -v, ~- 7- __»n II-" day, Andrewsldnnla,
we see these ludgel reverse sound
, declllonl of the lower court: in
cue: um are tainted with Oom-
1.te~»"*-T men-t--. A-.-I 1' -.-..A:..e n.-o -4....-»-un-nu.» -unu n yncuav» I-unwwuwn
week, we'll lee an American hog f-- Ewe Qlrard case is conaléered. next
vmmncr on
ftvxksma we T 1S."'¬:'"Sl"*ié'_:é;
Bram: and letter: from through-
ibllt the United Staten, including
Iiluch area e! ~'.!:'-.'e:-ge::t ozzlnien
|8. O Q.1&,_m.KlU* ma; New Ha:-nnshire, w can an Califomla, '|'P0ured into the ott!ce
qreaman Geo192gp92§{1idrew: l§""F§-
sponee""tv~hird'e1-nnmll thnt the
Supreme Court be investigated or
Limpeached. ,_§ j . -
"3i11¢e'I made suggestion,
1Andrew: said, "a number at Con-
Sleasmen have indicated t. heir de-'_.lI|-n in urn elm . _..:492. .._-_ »__ -e '"' " _92-8 "~ "~I_- . Wu-u any .u:a.qB.I.'92-;=h!P I mlsm take in mu direc-
t!-ion. I don't think one man alone
°" "°°mP1lsh the rig-ht result.
921B'-It. 1! enough intelligent and,;1°$ihtful member: will ma 1»-
81! er. We might arouse the coun.TTFTU What hao happen_|- J31
I
'.
1warned over to the Japanese forJ.
l
I
1
i
92
i
92
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T
2trial. Thin will be a "State De-
partment dectelon rather than a
legal opinion. The Glrard decision
yill touch the home of every
American boy who I: in the armed
services. Maybe t.he§_peo_ple will
wake up to whit 1: going on lull
lend their aupport to thone who
are bold enough to queltlon the
Oourt'n_deeie1ona." e - - ;: j a.~
"The big 'que|tlon," Andrew:
mid, la: Who la exerting inu-
ence on the member: of the Sn-
preme Court? How many lett-
vrtng and red-boobed legal experl;
have been planted on the Ital! ol
the Court? How many of theme:
who eetuelly write the opinion:
of the Judge: have Oommunllt
leaning: or hold membership ll
the party? '1he.le_ are :erlou:_
questions. I, lor,one, think the
Cpnzrea: ha: a right to I-Ik the!!!»
I think the 98°F ! of the Unibd$l1!I"'Fnv92e a right he the anlwerl." 5"» "
_ _ g L-..~'_ f .r ..*£ 1~»*_-:1-.-3m, - K -.[Ageing éstme 9134
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_'lCONGRESSMAN
GEORGE-
State of Alabama
Union 3pringa Herald
Union Springs , Ala»
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N. Y. Mirror ______¬
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lnnerues nan neen ruuy and llnally attended to in 1776-89,
v.
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}. Americans are in no way obligated to stand by and '
Ethem shouid Soviet Russia start e war against them, wel1
have to stand up to the Supreme Court new and tel! it_in 5 I I i_unmistsl:ahle'terms to get back on its own territory. .. -"" >''i'Q tub:-eme gourt is Congress. we elect Congress. . The Con-Q ll and the msstgrs of stetec}-aft who
,SftInJUp _-iio}i.>ruieFB1_- e ---" _-if -, ell Q. }
T11_nEA'rf.fro .. ' i vis'ile'nce-.'as the .old sa'Yinz'-has it. is the nriea N;"9! as the Irish patriot J01!!! Philpot.Curr:n ;1 m 5 ~ -'5 ~~r *"*iT': '21" '-7'3 "_"§"=. ';:.~' '_ :"~ ' i I I:
- _It is the common te of the indolent to see their
71 rights become a prey to the actilvea The condition
- upon whlchod hath_ [wen liberty to man_is eternal _- vigilance; _WhlCh C0lIldlti0lI:_:lf he break, servitude ll ll; 1, _ once the consequence of his crime and the punishment. '- " Y-'-' fl-.?"'_"57"L---1":92"" _/ 1" _ Nurnegous Americsnislin die:-i generation. we ittlagine, It
l____ave_lrad_t _e_ eomfortsble fee]ing__tha_t_the_ w_inning'_o£_t_hei_r'
i N ' by the heroic men and women who =.
fought meriean Revolution '1
puttog-ether the Constitution. Yet
most generations -of Americans-
; have had to ght for their liberties
in one way or another. - __ '-
-Some of. the threats to our
treedom have come .-from outside
the country, some from inside. The
latest comes both from outside and .
92 inside the United Stltes. i . -
ii, ,. The great mid-_20th Century,menaee to hu an liberty every;
where is C-0 unism, a conspiracyo * * o". " > ' directed fr Moscowfor the en-'
single prize-the Reds hope to -- f" - -
. Appallingly, the most eff e ive inside-U. S. A. help now -ing/given this conspiglz estrom'.- _ ~ p ' ' -.
Arr; ire:-Iv-r P"IU"h'§'92'§'¥Ci'7J-A5131!-:-I ,.- UUK. UFWN bU1'.li.L¥!: LUUR-1 --
--l body of nine men sworn _ reservefan protect the
Constitution.[,- -. "'"-' -7" . .,. 3"
In a long string of decisions, this tribunal, with Earl
Warren as Chief Justice, has given aid and comfort to theCommunist enemy. 7 .- - -.' ' = -_ Y - -
calmly watch the high court hack sway._our defenses '
against Communism-defenses such as the Smith Act of
.1940, the various state, sedition laws, the investigative3 - ' ~ - nnorn nf f _nn¢'r|-nan H10 from-Ins-n nf 92l'92I*'l= -1 -u -1- -..--qaavvu, -a-av new-vuvau 92| vyu-at
f ' ,'."I1w ttok liberti ndfln¢-Fight have a fairfihgnee toegghlznctooufyafr
The roper medium tocarry this command to the
titution makes it shraneh of the Government to-equal,-
1 'th the President and the Supreme fj .......-1-._ rT= -
57.!-1; Ii%..__ ___ .f___i.|_______ 92 - ii, g ii; §$,|~N ....1 ._ -J: . :11: urulermoru----_-"A e *- .'n-9 ._._ ...- .r....__..=;;Q.@- - 5" '10,;
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76 1&1. JUL 16 7llavement of ,l:he world. The U ' ed States is the biggest ¬
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Wash. News ._________
Wash. Star __________
N. Y. Herald __.______
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-.______
AmericanN. Y. Mirror /N. Y. 0.11., EZIZ
N. Y. Times _.___.._.
Daily Worker _____.__
The Worker ___.___..___.
New Leader _____..._._..- _
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§f':".§.I:; fit? 'V -.,f_....._,..T_;,_;.,_,!
-1-in which Congress could clip the claws oi the high court.
5- " It could bring impeachment proceedings, to try one or
inore of the justice: for improper conduct on the bench-
jaa the Ge_orgie_Legi1ature_has already urged. I '- 7; ~I
i " Or a eonetltutionalkamendment could be oilered to the
clinics, requiring that Supreme Court jueticea be elected1"}: C any once every aix years, like.o ¢IIl..nara.
. _ The Constitution pi-ovidee { Art. III,:3 Sec. 2. Subd. g! that the Supreme Courta;_1i.~.'.i hare ep,,':ell;te jurisdiction both as to iajvr and fact,with euch exceptions and under auch regulations aa the
Congress ahall make.".:'~,-_ p 1, " _ ; -1;" L. ._ . -
_iThat provision suggests any number of way: in whichCongress could curb the court. ' - l '
92 1- ._ "The Conatitution also ear: Art. 1! that the. I
iSupreme Court jusiicee shall hold office only during good. behavior"--not for life, at some people supoee. _-* e 92
"'1 To borrow a suggestion from the editor and commen-
ptatorjlevid Lawrence, why not an Act of Cong-res; settingt up some atandarda and procedures whereby the Senate
-one or more of the learned justices were behaving properly
on the bench! , A Senate nding of bad behavior would
mean automatic" from the Supreme Court. --. .
1. All these proposals have merit, it seeme to us!, We are
look into etery suggestion for forcing the court to atop
tampering irithfeasential American rights and libertiea. ,j-' The House Judiciary made 'a good begin-l-. ' g thin -week, when it eet up a subcommittee to ltudy| $Iile,who_].e of pro-Red Supreme Court decisions. Butoy wicnour action produces no results. And'lndepend-
' co Day, 1957, looks like an ideal day for a 1 t of member!5- I Cougresa up their minde to get Zia iaere ahilii,-L
1
4
'4
' 2_iI
eould register iti opinion from time to time as to whether
profoundly convinced that new Ls the time for C-ongrme to
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tom_i'o_r the great, the near
great and aspirants for great-
ness-ta appear on bunting-
araped Plait-i = " r ' ,
forms to de-
liver a _!'ourth
of July. ora-
tion- The cus-
tom went out
with the pop-
ularity of the
a u to m obile
and radio; the
former pro-
duced the
long weekend ' -on the road- - -S-'k°m"7' 3
the latter tli'e'eomment1'r1es
and news reports; 319 l>1°f_¢$'
sionaia, many or whom avoid
opinions ,be'caus_e no llli-6'1
how you put it, an opinion can
be controversial .
, The older custom was bet-
ter b e.c a u s e it brought thec-is Rev. 0-1-sat 0
/ TO
-3. . . _ ~- _, .-'_;-. .- _'- - .| -I- ~ " __:' . _-- 0 '5-,:;,'-92..I i 1 _ .' 92" I _- -,3 K 1..., I Vgt ___~ _ . Q .20, of a _ By George E. Sokolskyj
rr Ust-in TO. as the Icus- V C ii A A hCourt, a public agency gener-
ally regarded as aacrosanct al-
though not always so. Some oi
tile Justices have been out-
atanding Juristic scholars but
there have been several politi-
cal scoundrela on the Supreme
Court bench so that the word,
':tnrosanct, does not apply to
it inymore than the Presi-
dency or to Congress. When
the division of powers is clear-
cut, the authority and cleanli-
ness oi the bench are at their
best. _'. _. -' -_
=_i President Eisenhower has
appointed four Justices to the
Supreme Court. Warren, Har-
lan, Brennan. and Whittaker.
Warren was Governor of Cali-
fornia, a politician of enor-
mous magnitude who managed to get goth Republicanand Demo-cra c votes and whoreallg was not dependent upone" is er Party. although heneighbors together I011! 5181'? -ca ed_ himself a Republican
to-re stimulated moral approv-
al or indignation. Most of the
occasions resulted 111 Il'10l'l,i in-
di nation which is essential in-a iree society. To remain tree.
a people must Often be H181?
and they _m,uat be aniry
against their own officials. In
this United States, such indig-
nation is usually impersonal
beclllic few of us know our
pnliticluts and roan? would
not care to ltnow some. But
indignation is good for the
-soul and the ancient adage,
throw -the scoundrels out!
applies to even one'a best
triends in public office. "__ w."' -.>.~" - -i~,'e a92'92_-'- . '
_' .r_ ¬ - '- '1.
<3 THIS YEAR, the most con-
troversg department of gov-ern t s the S_u,1le_gia_
. 3%Ui_ u -337 9 ' 'uo-r aecowiband controlled the party ma-chine in his state. '
. Warreh was a candidate for
President in 1952. and stood
between Eisenhower and Taft.
Both sides courted him. When
it was clear that Warren could
not be nominated, both,aides
offered him a Supreme Court
appointment-the first open-ingi£ he did not n/flip theCalifornia delegstio to the
other aide. It may be recalledthat California held out to tile
bitter end when Eisenhowe 's
nomination _was certa.in.Mean-
while, Richard Nixon had
broken away from the Cali
iornla reservation and we
made Vice President. When
the shooting was over, Warre
held the respect of the Eisen
h°wsr_s1.itl..11!_=1=a=s=t1_lI
-t
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~ Q2 e Q7585G i».~ F/Ln/v.»c52...¢ _
s7"..--?r?_:{ii"-P-F.-' "Tl '1 "eon": I--v -'7 *"='. . 7 ., " IT : ._"-T
the Republican Party and he?
got the first openingbn that
Supreme Court bench, whicir
was the Chief .iusticeship.' {-
Except as district attorney;in Alameda County from 1025
to 1939, and State Attonney;
General. Warren has bad nodexserience as a lawyer or aUju ge. His forte is plitiklli
manipulation and state ad- ministration. _ .3 i QI M I 1-If -
BRENNAN has been a judge
in New Jersey. He la a Demo-.
cl-at and I Roman Catholic and
was appointed for those rea-
sons, it being regarded as per"
iitically fortuitous at the mo-
ment to appoint such a one to
the Supreme Court bench. No,
one, not even Brennan, haaiever been able to explain how;
among the numerous Roman
Catholics and Democrats of.
the United States, he happened 2;to be the one tagged. The last _
political act of Joe McCarthy,
before he died was to oppose!
the appointment of this ob-l
cure New Jersey judge to the _'
Supreme Court of the Unitedtates; - ~
There must be other ap- .
pointmenta in the near future. iiJustg, Felix Frankfurter, therema ing intellectual of the
H o l m e s-Brandeis magnitude .
on the bench, is '14 years old.
e apparently hangs on as an
ct of triotism to pa prevent-nother uniortunate appoint-I
ent. Whoever does the seqlecting of such men for Presl- '
dent isenhower is more the;
politician than a jurist and
the i Senate has apparently
dropped dead. = r .1.- _._i o"°"."."-=8- 1. =i=:?.=j..
-t-'
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92 44 JUL 1 1957e
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,0/11614 = J.P. Mohr
sLmJBC'l'= The Conqreasionul Record
PlBe 5:32 Senator Russel. n c 1 Vuncle Enuusugre @°18 sriextgixicrgd his remarks to include anwritten by mv1 F on Secret Witnesses "
The reference to the F31 U11 ' containeddag. e was set forth in a memorandum P1@Pil-red earlierI/ Chronicle o!Jul! 1 19r?'?.e' and published 1 um g~ ** WI 1!
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MATTER OF INFL -.» t .;*_%.i;';e#
Con lgcolly BcCol|ed H1 '5' -1-..-si"|.'ia£" '" ._'§}"" "'- ' ._,___ , ,1 ,_. _, _-M, ,» ____ ,.___ l ~ P -.:>-.~-» "~n1s' '1 "pp" .-
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Ever since Chief Justice Earl
arr-en wrote the e-to-0 school
tezrstion opinion in 1954 thereI as been I. tendency to credit hint
with a treat and growing in-ue§: on the other Justices oithe preme Court; . N . .
i e we e of the recent series
of controversial civil rilhta ind
security decisions in which the
Chief Justice sided with the
i majority, there has been frequent
. reference to the "Warren court.
In tact, one prominent national
publication last week. asserted
that the court has now "made
sharply clear new much it has
_come to reect its Chic! Justice:
views." _.»?-. _ .
'i_ Among stiidents of Supreme
. Court history and among lawyers
acquainted with present members
or the court, statements such as
the ioregoin: are taken with I
.1!-rieirainoiealt. . -~ ,.. . .-
* Mr. Warren, by virtue of his' oice. ability, industry and per-sonality doubtless has inuence
with his fellow justices. But to
sugeest that he could succeed at
ereatinl e tame court acquiescent
to his. views-even it that wise
his aim-is to lapse into fantasy.
At least, most experienced Lawyers
aeemtothinkitis. *' '_ J
I Here is an observation bi one
we1'i qualied to comment: _
Justices. as men of mature Years
and wide experience. undoubtedly
have their convictions. political
and economic, and their views of
the nature and purpose oi our
Ciovemment: but the! tare} notI the instruments oi political ma-inulation or tools of power. One
nnot study their lives and deci-
ons without condence in their
peril-I __and_ independence." ,. » ..
k That use Charles Inns BushesI
F
a-iirll 16381 reasoning. but seJ.i.!_o@ H
-justices such as Joseph Story lecturing some years no t C Qlumhia University. Chief just!
Huzhes. widely regarded as one
the three or tour best _
Justices in American, hieto .'_went on to sari '- if "'2
7 Ina man may of able men E
with equal _authorit1 inirnaldnz
decisiom. it is evident that the
Chic! Justice's! actual inuence
will depend uponpthe sirenh of...
his character and the donstrn-,_,,
tion oi his ability in_ the intimate '
relations oi the Judges. It is sale, ,tosarthatnomemberoftheicourt is under any illusion as to .
the mental equipment oi
brethren. Constant and close
association discloses the strength.
I114 exiweee the weakness oi!
each. > ; < . ~
Doubts Domination . "- ,_
...-fl .§.. ¬..f.".?.2§f 5. °l§£ i.}§iB E51°85 Blllireme Court .I1.i':ti<:'es are
too experienced, knowledgeable
andrmtobeintellectuailyvushed
mlmd by other court members.-
Ther may be persuaded by supe-,.
.-
11 ever. do they merely "reect"
the views.- oi some dominant
Inuence can beexerted by any a
member of the court. Associate,
and Beniamin Curtis probably.-._
had as much inuence within the ,
court as any Chic! Justice- Con-1.
verselr. such able Chiei Justices".
as Salmon P. Chase, on-ison IWaite and Melville 1-, so-'3:
wrdihi to Ida. Hughes. ii-iifleii nothinl by their headship oil time;-ii;
court over such men as Samuel 5
Mlen, Stephen Field, Joseph 1
Bradley. Horace Gray and Dav!v
;_7 "82.-|.'. -.' '."_I§i_-1,1
- -Ohiei Justice Bushes" fen oi
letter associate Justices "rose .--. -t--..q,,..;q .--1 6 In LL I. -___ l:._!.-
1
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Wash. Post and __l,__
Times Herold
Wash. NewsWash. Stu: _
N. Y. Herold __._....___.
Tribune
N. Y. J ourncil-.__.__....,..
American
N. Y. Mirror -_-_-_--_
N. Y. Daily News __.___
N. Y. Times _._...._.___..__
Daily Worker __i_
The Worker _..___.___
a
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a Y!Wal"'|':Tschievement in their
"Judicial work second only to that
of Marshall. _ 92 e
In modern times many consider
, some of the most ~ini'luent.ial
hers! to have been associates
such men as Justices Holmes.
Brandeis and Jackson. -' ~ --
c Does Earl Warren belonl. in
this select category of internally
inuential justices? The completetagger is known only tothe court
However. no member of the
current court at the time oi his-
appoiniznent had a more remote
iezal backzround than Mr. War-.
ren. Bo far as legal scholarship
is concerned the Chief Justice has
-yet to receive wide acclaim from
his profession. In fact. law-
, [yers have taken Mr. Warrens
.-
,_,_
01 .
>3 .ix
vs
Yto task for his "social" approach
to the law, and even lay critics
have "referred to his emotional
opinion" on the recent Watkins
.
' Moreover, the acknowledged
learnink.'ski1l and temperament
of such old hands" on the Court
- as Justices Black. Frankfurter
Douglas. plus the broader legal
and judicial training of the more
recently appointed Justices Han-
ian, Brennan and Whittaker,
makes the propriety of the War-'
l ren" -label appear even dimmer. '
Who Does Inuencing? . .
Home lawfera. in fact. suggest
what they think is a greater
probability-that the Chief Jus-
tice, and occasionally some of
. the newer court memhers.mayj have been taken into the Black-E
]'view. the allezed inuence is
ydowing not from Mr. Warren.
It is true that administrative
Jfgme |ives__the Justicew court with_a '_'V,Va_rren"-iohI__ls-_:_lustices excluding present mezn-j.
Mr.W' ,itwiilheDouglas liberal camp. In this- men ' mun
but to him.'- w - 'some added power on ate coir-'t.é H
Heres how it works: ~ 7,
The court meets on Friday! t9j
discuss-cases on which it is ready i
to decide, The Chief Justice pros 5
sents each case and sure what-;_.
ever he has to say about it. Then _
thgtsenior associate Justice takes.
over, and so on dowp the lino-to;
the most Junior justice. Appare-
ently the discussion may become
more or less zeneral st any point, -
but each justice in turn has an-
oPDOrtunit! to air his views. L _
.- when the discussion is con- _.
eluded the court votes. beinninl
with the iunior justice and back
up the line. ending with the Chief
Justice. . ;-Q" >-*1 3
ii the chief Justice is a member-
or the molcritr. he decides who .
shall write the opinion. He ,may_,
assign it to himself or to the lus-
tice of his choice. if the Chief
Justice is a member of the mi-y
norlty, the senior associate iustiee
in the maiority group assizns the -
writing of the opinion. K '-'-__~ 5
Any minority member who de» '=
sires may write- a
opinion. And any member of the =
majority who agrees with the re- J
suit of the decision but who or-1"
rives at his conclusions by a di!- 5
ferent route may write a concur--jring opinion. - ~ xi
- The trcatest inuence accru-ing to the glue! Justice because ,
of his noel on doubtless stems 4
from his authority to assign the
writing of opinions. In law. this
can make a lot of difference. The '
reasoning behind a decision may '>
be as crucial to futiu-e cases as the
specific holding or result, ~
has assilned himself the writing
of some of the most difficult and
far-reaching recent opinions. Still, j
this must_ be considered a pretty"
n-agile reason to ta: the present
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A Waahinlton CorrespondentE of the POII-D|8Dl|>¢|l,
WASHINGTOK Jul; 8-_Senator Thomas %!Fnnh;gs.'JI'
Them.! TNIf_oilIL'T£iid war-that recent declsionahy the!
isupreme Court have demon-
-ly" continuing in its historic
rather "the unconstitutional and W
unlawiul procedures wh i c h
, in this country in recent years."
} I-[e said the court was "striking
_ down" some oi these practices.
Hcnnings. chairman oi the
Senate Constitutional Rights
rune ies lI1tl constitutional
Trights, future historians will
preme Court one'of the most
signicantin themiddle of thetwentieth century." . '
_ Court Under Attack.
His defense of the court came
iat a time when it has been
J under attack for its decisions in
ithe Jencks and Watkins cases
Land others. _ .1
i Hennings, considered one of
, the _Senate's dieadinghuthoritiea. on the Constitutiorrfstrongly al- Itsailed various pr-oposaLs "that; case. for exampie,'_ where theihave been advanced £9: 1imlt- I,i.ng the court's powers," '
; Noting that Attorney General
Herbert Brownell Jr. he said_ the decision in the Jencks case J
[created "a grare emergenky in Nb
W -law enforcement," Henningsdeclared; .- ' ._"'
"What seems to he overlooked
detractors is that it the prac-~
ees or procedures of the Gov-
ernment, examined by the gem-g
oreri in the rst place to lit '
the reqlairementa of the Con-
stitution, they would not havebeen truck downgy the court,.iand M '3-rave! emerge:-.5 inf .law Q __orc¬1meii'iewou1d_- "now-ace naon. ---§ liher words, it is not tint il .
__ 1-v
__ P1:
cs é:|5iés?92§">**strated that the "court isinere- 'a¢w;1¢,_m¢ u-ti,-",1"
I {'1-ole" oi derenmg Jndividuaii -ireedoma.-t o .-- 1"" e- 1 -d t-it is not the court that should ed a' numhe? on an an 1it i -;N»-. 11:
~ n Jams one ticiaed in the Intent cu-C
, nmstances. it is the unconsti-=
m . ..
..:
be ¢I'iti¢1==d.Henn1nl$ said-but deenied nccessa 0; '
tin
hahave been permitted to develop I
e
Ii u - -
Committee, predicted thati twinge who la recover gi2.{=?r;-?*>a2 P P=2¥3* 9? "W! 11% Q n ope!'at.o!92.,1:!'.l gain;'1 w make his defense of the court rate the past term oi the Su- t tn. form-f Sam weed
was released by his oitice. i i
Supreme, Court. rulinla. Hen- E d .
k."l ho'JenekaCas'oI'. . -i-___ _@_ ___;;...;.-. -no,-.1--= I ..
...:-.
it
--.
;_.. .
utional and unlawful proced-'
_s which heve been per:.c..";"d to develop in this count17_
recent years that shouid be= Em ' 2 ' ' ~."~_ Q;
Durinl the out several
1: 1y.with.e impetus oi the grave thredtj
Qommunism durini the past;
iigears-this ti h
ry or e na-4nat security, but which would A
ve shocked our forefathers. -
:M}ny__ ocI_ t.h_e_a_e are beings'r.eu now tor the first time.efore I.hecourts and are he- I
g found in violation of riguaranteed by the Consti
odsy. The text 0! his remarks
Discussing some of the receht
Legs eeisi. "Without e:ceptinn,73
he decision: that have aroused i
most outspoken criticism
are been those dealing with
P83361851! fth indi-_o e v
i Iht decision in the Jencks
urjt held that thejeiendant
as entitled to see an state-ents naade to the Fiyby the
eases under the_time-hon-
red Sixth Amendment right
I an accused to be confronted!
ith the, witnesses against
","I'he"deciaion in ie Mallory":or ignored by most otthe court; I use, in which the court threw
m_ the deiendant while hat -the " confession obtainei
é as being 'detaln_ed ry thein recent cases, had been taiI- i =2 {or an unreason hie 1e i
lane nsior to ,u'.i!j@_nl.§__1i
|Io
-
92~§:141 nus 19 1951 '$9. Mr. Holire-_i
Hr.
6/|~;';1__ U, ~ 7¥> .?
, <3
Title = JENCKS DECISION
Character : Z V
ST. LOUIS POS'lDISPA.£'UH
ST. LOUIS; MISSOURI
Date: 7,!. 3'7
Edition:
Author:
6-7* 9975'._.._._
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histow oi the ion;-established?
92, right at an individual not to he
C0mpelle_ to the a witness
against himself. - -
" "The Watkins case, wherein
; the court held that Watkins had
improperly been convicted of
contempt oi Congress, dealt
with the due process clause o! the Fifth Amendment and the
1lndividual'l rights under that
CIEIISG. _ -* The Smith and Covert cas_es,'92
in which the court reversed the
court-martial convictions of two
women for killin their hus-
bands while they were in i'n1li-
; tary service overseas. involved
the right of civilians to be mes
of a declaration oi martial law. i
". W=.Il ¢mtCuea-
"'l'he_' so-cajied West-Coast
Communist cases, where the' court ordered the acquittal of
n ive defendants and granted
cw trial to nine others aitei
_; nalyzing and applying th_ LI,f92Fm.ith Act to the tact: of thlwe-w ded u1timate1!"l"'I1Iecsse§, wéi-e d"xidQ' t
,thel'irst, Amendment! -'
Q t "P"! fortel. Inciudinz the;0
rth.-_. ,.,___,,
of the tree Ipeech guarantee at
.Henn1u£8 said the decisions
"in; all of these cases aeém to
supported by the law and
e acts, and _to be within the
I rarnework of the rights and
' rotectionl let forth in ourConstit11tinn.f'* - - ' _- *_
cent Supreme Co_urt"deciaiona
h tl "r ed Ir I1
icon ed.
He said the court had beens e o ma
tiicioua villcation ot the Jus-
;tices _- themselves, Henninga
by civilian courta and not by caused "of seriously inter!
courts-martial, in the absence ing with the work, of our
e. the FBI and the miltnd "01 attempting to pl-,.¢mme powers of Congress! i '
Hlflilll asserted, 'It II?-hlllh the FBI and or:-'
f?E'°'m°1" Iencies. as welli congress, in me oi their pl-§§:§u§§, °'
me degree,"eit was the p '
res themselves that were tit
a
o
I
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92in Q-* "sd
- --i-.-.-._.---...-..r..~.__..,_....,.__.._ .Ill-.1191 the F955:-..__ J-_.1
IAdverse comment on the
av an: om carefu y rea.-"
sonetl cridsmaf of om the
92comft'ha donandaaidt -
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Br .naz~t coaco1_um__ _
WEIQTWORTH-BY-THE -
SEAFormer FBI counter-
spy Herbert Philbrick of
Rye last night gave his
to charges by New Hamp-
shire Atty; Gen. Louis C.i
wyman, that the latest, de-
cisions of the U. S. Supreme
Courtare hamstringing gov-
ernment agencies in their et-forts to smash the Commu-92
nist conspiracy in this coun-
i1'Y- . .. .
"It is impossible for me
.to understand, Philbrick
fasserted, "how the Supreme
Court could come to believe_-Q r --.'. ' . -. ._ | _
ihistory the door should be
opened wide to Communistslin America." " " " ' 92
. Communism is still can-
tcer," Wyrnan declared. "No
"wholehearted -endorsement.m3 " 11° 5t1'°11K '$°m°
may believe we are,- neither
we nor the world have yet
found a cure. The mere ask-
ing oi pertinent questions
under o. compulsory process
in an effort to keep abreast
oi! subversive activities is a
justifiable procedure -in the
race oi a sweep of subver-
sion that has engulred or
undermined country after
country." . .'
that although the Commu-
nist teach. violence, the
really don't niean it,"
_i In all of my nine year
inside the Communist party
.and having attended him-
fdreds of Communist cell
meetings, I can testify that
when a Commie talks about
;-the overthrow of the United
States government. he is not
kidding. He means. every
word oi it.- ' ." .. .
5 Attorney General Wyman,|
refusing to be silenced by
"the "gag" rule adopted by
the New Hampshire Bar as-
sociation just over a_ week
_ago, also spoke and again
fdecried the play on words in
the recent Supreme Court
decisions, declaring, It is
it tragecisl-nL_the highest
order thatglat time in*7 7 l,el~_*_
'i==' si 9 1" '..92t "This is not to deny the
availability of the Fifth
Amendment," the attorney
general continued, "but be-
yond the Fitth Amendment
there should be no First
Amendment rights to refuse
to give pertinent informa-
tion to a congressional or
state committee charged
with the responsibility oi
ulll out h g w eger there .
r
0r , ~
are ersons abou n- »1." T"r. Bmo I
Mr. Moll! ._...._._..
Hr. Pan:-nu._' 11- or-n :1"-11£ J F ' lunm .__...
ii -..|oer...._.__._
' ill". =3!!! ._.__...,..
h i Pele. Ro0m.._._.__.i n Mr. Hnllomsn13 twhoco. MI 1.1- qd "4spire to destroy our govern- 92 in m
ment and our freedom!-
soul Philbriclr and wr-
an spoke at the "Sounding
oard program sponsored
y the hotel for its gue ts.hiibrick was originzlly
cheduled as the only speak-
er. -- ,__ , :;_____.i___
92
92ta i .
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92
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. 1} Newspaper:
'iDat0
Edition
"Author or
Editor
Title
5 Class. or
i Character:
'Paoe :
92
92
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,_ . |n&xro_. ..
JUL1 O 1957
rs: - BOSION . .6 iii5 1;-/iAur.; 5 41917 K l.t ,1
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92
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J-/1/? fm '9/' Geo:--»¬:»[ __
P - 5
0 Police Efforts In Our _Nation_ 3,,. .-_- 7. ,__ _ A ._ l_
I1:|e_'U. S. Supreme Court has dealt anoth-
er staggering blow to law enforcement.
Iv; its recent decision which reversed it the death sentence of e Negro rapist and setiuhirn iree, on technical 81111111119 llilnwilih 01-ll
'I'he case involved an innocent woman whodecision in i-his case fties the hands of tho;
police department and renders it llmost
mettective The rtgin: has wow:-.f:'.i§
law enforcement ctticisls into a quandary.
lice, in eiiect, that they cannot question f
was wayiaid, beaten, chucked and then rev
ishedinWa8hinIt0Il.D.C. Herassaiiant
treely admitted the crime. signed a confession
and was sentenced to death after e jury
trial in the national capitol three years ago.
Ln reversing this conviction, the Court heldLie condemned man's confession, "invalid",
3 that for police in hold and question
seven and one-halt hours before he wasly arraigned was n violation of federal
law providing that e suspects right must
be explained at arraig'nment_ "w_it.i1out unne-
cessary deiay."_? _ S f f
As is becoming customary in rape cases.
the Court showed sscrupulous regard for
he _crimina1'e rights but no concern what-
oever for the righu of his innocent victim.
verdict serves to conrm n growing
uspicion that it is virtually impossible
to sustain the conviction or e rapist or a
before the present tribune].
ashington Police Chief Robert V. Mur-
r is quoted-is saying the Supre Com-tsuspected criminal after they arrest
U. S. Attorney General Warren '01ney is
known to believe that the ruling will have Eli,
most serious impact on, gangster '
where hardened professionals will take Iadvantage ot it. Another obvious and at-it-f
er danger is U!!! the liel;:_-<19! EQ
open incitement to rape by degenerate:
throughout the entire land. secure in the
knowledge that a sympathetic Court is ep-
parenily ready and even anxious to abet this
hideous offense._ i 4 é - ,
The nation has been rightly disturbed at the!
recurring spectacle oi convicted Communist!-
heing freed by its Supreme Court on hairil
splitting technicalities. Americans are turtb-5
er disturbed at the sight of e sell-confessed
rapist swaggerin: cit to complete ireednm,
perhaps to ravish new victims, ls-I result
£werpedjudicialreasoning.TheConrti
ion in this latest ease his served to C
haterritying precedentintevoroth .imlnals and elainst law teniorcement. '.__. _. _ __,__, . .__ __.__-..._ ~._ i1_-_;-¬_~.n.4s.A9'1¢
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T. M. HEDERMAN, JR.,
EDITOR
THE CLARION-LEDGER
JACKSON, MISS.
7/9/57'
Page 6 Cols. l & 2
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.- ~ , .. _ . , w _> _.,>; .1; ",-_ '.r, ,-.;_.5. While there is wide difofei-enceof opinid{ii¥ip'l§-Ithe lignicin<_:e_ol d _0I_ zecent-high cbeiaiom, there is one point on which thereie comypletefl
0.51-eement:&they showf I diseernihle treiid,trend points denitely 10': judicial cdncein*ibon_tf;
pregervins the hdgic tenets hill of_ ".._;_
t The judiciary declaring forcefully thpt 1116'
civilrightclof any individllll rife denied, _right; of every individual an-e_u1 jeopa;_dj';'nIt is ?! _'
widelf application of the logie of Lincoln _Whcn hi;
declaijed that '00 long-0.1 one'hninan held"~:¢fin uiavery, the freidomiiof eizery 2:11;: win in danger,.-~"" ' ' .=-' -' - " ~.' i. -" -' '~-.>l"-7 .'= "92'--ft».-'~.:1
e if There ii anothei-'_faetorm these decigiona thiit
heeoming erystal ' cleir: jhej do not iepreipent 1=1;'¢J;,?
view of anj pert; or of leaders 1' pecliliir loqiel 7 5
of economic hiss. This in indiclnted by the -um; '1'
unanimity of opinion uiaong the Judkeg. .""g_'-'1-I-'5 ". .31
For instance, in the reverql 01 t_l1e_'ch'len of
teen menconvicted in California under-_ the S_mith..
Ac-.,only Mr, Ii1itice'Clar§ of ihe §Il[ll'6§2llG_§f.ll!,l1-li;,;
dissented. High minded men of lihernl viewq;
ernte view! ind eons_erva|:i_vo gm, Aligreed_in"opin-Uions Lh_ait__v;'ill 1,. {.1-_ mcmng i:|:".,their -iinp1i_ci- er-5';.niaintlii1I:4m?iI-iii-I§ih!li0l!!;-;@""i" A. '
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Mr. Parson:
Mr. Rose
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M r. N-ago ._
Tole. Room..__._
Mr. HuIlomon__
Min Gl.ndy.__,,92/__.__<_
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HONOLULU ADVERTiSER
EDlTlON..-HQ1£E.-....______
JUL 10 1957
Editor: Ram d CPAsE.A:A.-.--c°3LuM§L..1 .... ..
SERRCHED-.--_.._lNDEXED
SERIALIZED ....... ..FlLED.___
JUL 95/I FBI - l}03i£liQ!_L?
ac?-iz2_!9Z.:/4._.-- 0-r nzcOR°5
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ii. blsi Anieriean institutions will be secure;-ll ..- ~ :5 5. -. - _-<r-. 1.-_--_. - . . ., 4-1- "*i-s'1";# a'.' '51:-" '...--t---:i.t=T'=r-1--~--@"= '-~ --r * ..Q
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clearly in the decision of the United State: Coil-l'1.5I
Appealajin Washington. nine juflges-united _§
aside orders directing four witnesses, three of
themirom Hawaii, to a_ppear_1_>e_for_e the §enate 3"ternnl Seimritj Sul_1ico_rnm_i_ttee'_ _=o testify} éjI " _It. is doubtful whether e eighteen men {could -he"-1;
jfound in America who ire more fair minded, or more -_ .'
devoted to the welfare of the Union than the nine
mcrnliers of the Supreme Court l]l l|.0f_l_l_lG',_c0Iit1'l or
Appeals. They? are not the dupes of any ié i1p_i'i'om_
either the right or the left. T_hej'_ would e the last 2'
to bow to the of inf individual or ',clique. They ;_-:
are guided by their knowledge oi the,-law and motig .
vated only by their, oath to upholdthio_'Constiti1tion.
T:i,e ?i"-*~°7"?.".»,":i5==*¥~.>*#*1*~¢'¥see;si#Z-=1¢
i Above all ¢1,=,¢1m¢ iudgesr are not fonieipi a
ahout specific individuals thef are concerned Q5about principlesrthat are related to all individuals;
to the all men? of the Declaration." ';,-AF,"
- _Stuhbornness and prejudice hare no"1ilece'in theirl
reaaoning. The Qonstuon is their guide. And it it-~' "}_'§the Constitution hy which 'WQIl1I.ilIliV_G. It 515;;-ds our Eliherties against all extremes. Liherity, to he effective, I
must he guided hf lgwi and law is destroyed by ,may from e_ithe_r_ the right or the left". .» -.-'92'-_'.§.' #1 T1; , ; - So long as the Courts funcdon oil their 'Present"'- _.-
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n its les for lawyer: of delendants weptteeeer -..,..-M pt..."-.-e as they -...-- at Ea re:' Ithe Department of Justice has dropped
eeveral narcotic prosecution, and other
criminal cases. rather than open'lts les.
The Eastland committee has already start-
work on léiilaiibn in slap down e-
clsi end permit the FBI to decline to oped-K -KM _' _ _ ____0 .
pmkgressfe
tovtr yearn would serve as e
uence to cause the mart, lna
bl Q52 " luau
to legislate, lo try 10 follow the Intent ol
CINE!!! In interpreting the lawn enacted
by Congress. . - - _- "'
instead oi plddling around with the atro-
cinue civil rights bill Congress would chow
good common sense it it devoted the re-
mainder of this session to putting the
.3;-_;; ' its cret les. And the Mississippi senator lprpmo Court in its proper place by
beli es that ado tlon of hls dm p amen ant to rnent ol statute: that W111 check its rothl l
=-. "<1 _ justices every ustuz-patloné of power it should never pom
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F;5 ' F " __; "-_. -tI_;_§'_-., "16." > r:~*:.'.i;
. commim Task
" It is good to see thst friends od the Supreme
_ headlong denunciation which Iollowed in tho,_d___;- |, wake oi! the series oi decisions upholding the;7/ W Bill OI R13 IIIOIIUI. _ _ l , ' _ Yf-jaf -_ I 1- es chnlrmen of the Senate"-'5;-9,; ~ /K 4%/if Q Constitutional Rights subcommittee, had s per-_
_. _ tieulsr obligation to creme to the Judiciary: do-1i"--_--3;; . fense and he am u with words of unmistakable? f" clarity. Missouri's senior Senstor ssid:
5.11.;-; _= ' What seems to be overlooked or ignored;" " by most at the court: detractors is that it
-r '1 _the practices or procedures oi the Govern-_ ment, examined by the court in recent ' _o " R , Court ere meshing ucrongly In answer to
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Q .- 1 Cites. had been tailored in the sst 91%
to fit the requirements of the Constitution,
they would not have been struck down by
the court, and no grave emergency in lswenforcement would now isce thcastlon.
In other words, it is not the u reme
Court that should be criticized in Elie pres-'é'hT'Bll'humstances. It ls the unconstitutional
and unlawful procedures which have been
permitted to develop in this country in re-cent yesrs that should be eriticined.
During the past several decades--and psi-
ticulsrly with the impetus of the pave
threat of Communism during the past 10
years--e notion hes edopted e number ct
practices deemed necessary for the nstionni
security. but which would have shocked ourforefathers. . - '
T Many of these are being tested now for
the first time before the courts and are
being found in violation oi rights dunno-
teed by the Constitution. _' " - -~
_ _k-_' adj; stood up to challenge the basis of s reso- 1 K lutlon ofé the Texas Bar which criticised the as-oupioi decisions. Mr. Eddy put the main issue fii
- .In Fort Worth. s Houston lswyer. Gentle-Em
._ to his sssoclstes in the legal protession ss !o1;_,>
! low: '_ _ _ '. 2, .
_ P,
i
t
.
¬The historic decisions ot recent weeks do
nothing more or less than resillrm the Con-
stitution sud the Bill ot Rights is the su-"
pt-ems law oi the lend. Why these decisions
should Induce hysteria in my segment ot
the population-much less my brother law-yersbests me. -' ' t ' 7
If the persons or forces now yspping et-
the Court tor returning to fundltmentll
Americsn precepts want to put the matter
to s test let them have the courage of their
s -__. ".*r1'?5.._'.'-E}°3.. £lZ°_£.%"3. ...,' #1 '1J*&=,E*'-1-éf * ti- ..- .__r __ .. L
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oeius 2 1957EXED-43..- - - ._ ..
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Title: UNITED STATES '
SUPREME COURT
Character:
.312 LOUIS .POS'EDI-S
ST. LOUIS, mssounr
Date: ff//' - -=77
.--"Edition: $9?
Author:
e |§z._»-.,z.z.s- F-<'»/2
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:!rMr. T1-mte
Mr. Nease _...._.
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This is not to say that the law =51-Em; agencies _
II-1sii.tL<5t Prbiems. They have thels"|!iie92sll_'
ties not to say their irustratlons. They are ;
charged with applying the law, with obtaining
the indictment of violators and with bringing
them to trial on the tlndtnls oi the grand jury.
The law agencies represent the people and their
work deserves sympathy and understanding. It
is wholly reasonable that the Department at
Justice, for example, wants to make sure that
its iiles are not subjected to shing expeditions
on the part oi! defense counsel. At the same
time there is no reason whatever to believe that
Justice Brennan. who read the decision in the
Jeneks case, and his colleagues have any inten-
tion that FBI records be opened up recklessly. _
In the final analysis, there is no reason why
the best interests of the law enforcing agencies
and the constitutional guarantees of the Bill oi
Rights cannot be brought together. That which
benefits one in the long run benets the other.
If the recent Supreme Court decisions reveal
any seriouslegal loopholes iet them be plugged
by Congress in the interests oi the necessary
work of the Departmeht oi! Justice and related .-
agencies. In the same spirit. let the law en-'
forcing authorities study the Supreme Court
decisions with the sympathy and understanding
which they ask iosgthemselves. e ' ' C. T.
Wild charges that the Supreme Court is set-' f
> ting itself up as a judicial dictator are Iantastlc
i on their e - 'c u@.@e=?iiJaali Ju$ gm: o_ g o ore an sc
ir duty as the supreme appliers oi our law "
that makes them guardians oi the liberti
d freedoms which we all enjoy. ..kn 3 -'",,,,T_;'T_i-Tip-G-a -..-...-L _, Loo 4"
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The Senate Judiciary Cornmittee
lost little time in approving I. bill
to clarify compliance with the Su-
preme Court decision in the Jencks
case. In this decision the court ruled
that the government must make
at-atlabie to defendants in criminal
oasel secret FBI reports which fur-
nish the basis oi testimony or dismissthe charges. i i ' -e -
immediately the Justice Depart-
_Tl'1E'1'It and _the FBI expressed objec-
tionl. The bill 8I>provecl_by the Sen-
ate Judicihry Committee would limit
disclosure to reports and statements
relevent to testimony previously giv-
en by government witnesses: would
require the court to review the docu-
ments and remove irrelevant mat-
ters before giving the renort to the
defendant; would limit the-reports
and statements given the defendant to
those signed "or approved by the wit-
ness; and would then give the court
the discretion of striking out the testi-
mony or declaring a mistrial in the
event the government declines to give
' the defendant the statement or report
asked for. *" - .
5. The _bi as recommended does
£1575!-th-an "c1eri£:_R' It enables the
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FBI Records Bill interferes with Bosic Right _.a_ _ . , i__ 1 ,
government to evade compliance with
the _Supreme Court decision by-per-
mlttlns the court to continue with the
case by striking out tbe testimony in-
volved tnstead "oi requiring, as has
been ordered by the decision, the dis-
missal or the case. And it makes am-
ple provision for secret testimony tob'e withheld, ~ - . ' rt '-
- The Supreme Courts- decision in
the Jencks case is -in strict c0nIprmi~
ty to the Sixth Amendment, which in-
cludes among the rizhts ct an accused
person in criminal prosecutions the
right "to beconfronted withtha wit-
nesses against him. . . ."- This is II.92 .
1
i
basic right and ought to be zealously r
defended, as the court did in its deci-;_
sion._ _No agency of government, in--~
leged to deny to the accused the re-cluding the FBI, ought to be privl-'
ports which furnish the basis of the
testimony -'again.st him; whether sign- _.
ed by the witness orriot signed. 1. i
Both Justice Clark in his dissent
and Attorney General Brownell .in
testimohy before the Senate Judiciary
Committee seem to have exaggeratedthe implications" of the majority gia-
cision. Compliance shouid present o
real problem to 1aw_ enforcement. It
does interfere with the building up of
any company of secret, inrormers. Thenation can well do without that group,
The Senate should reject the hill
. which interferes with and " restricts
_ unduly the nigh-Loaccused ersons.
;92_-_I£_L__':' 4&1 ii. *192|'-_V' I, , . _,._._._,_ --
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Morning Herald
Durham, I» C-
7-12-57
Steed Rollin!
Editor
RE : SUPREME COURT
_
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< . . _., , __ 4 -, ~ 92r;,_~* Monde!.Momort'::"_:.i§=;' _ _ ,____________fl _ Little People, Big Goveinmenfj _. __""*' f Mr. Hallo "" His: Gan
' You hes:-_tiQguestions:-"What in Heaven: nanie l_'c: Gd?% the upreme Is it trying to protect _.u I __ , . - , . . l _
sh Answer:'Nothing has haopened togthe It is o~'lfmerely enforcing the Constitution In its traditional char» *I enter it is protecting _the.right.s of little people against bi¬ Qgovernment. Only once has the Court departed from the i
i.~course. In the case of GI Bill Girard it was, strangely, on
',the side of big government. _ - ' = 4 -V ~- ~;-/1 ~r .r ~ ' ' 'fwhy All the Whooping and I-loIle'rin.'g't 2 11+ _ .'
In the term new ending, the Court handed down 15
1 rulings that upset actions taken against real and suspected ~I Communists. The Court reversed or set aside actions taken '- _ by Congress. by the Executive branch, by lower courts and *
by some state governments. ' - _ -vi er. .-
5 Never before had the Court handeddown so many
ling: on rights cases in so short: time. That: why
ou hear boos from the box Bats .- . . threats of impeach-_
ent coming from editors and others who have f0r£0l-$611.7heir American -history. ' - _ - "J '|92
1-»
A _ ' Yet, never before had there been the need to rule on Y/' so many "rights" cases. ._. . Never before had so many|- little people been smeared by Congressional committees
_ _ ,. loyalty boards and high wheeling lower courts. 92_
P mnm PA 1; Q"n:ona- vs.'"Wron9$" ~" t 1 1
IN IRER 1; I"? It would require all the pages of this newspaper to?QU ---.--___._..._; ? review the details of the cases upset by the Court. But in 'BULLETIN i ' each case the issue can fairly be stated as one in which the iDAILY ll"El~"S Z ' rights of people had been ignored or denied by tl1a_powe1;_ .-ofz0vernment.w- -- " ..;I _. "' =~- . xi-'- Practically all the l we mall ta 3 e he peope re s po toes. That '44-,- 1 re: ~ i I-ome oi éhem were the same kigchen garden with Fed.,, ' pudsdi notvodt " htsune:-thelaw;'"-a' '.EDIL N E , Some of the cr'iti:sn.o1P 5118 Court say the rulings makePAGE _/ ¥M_ _ _ W ] he Red threat more dangerous than ever.is____that"tru 2-COLUMIV W C C - " *1" "="' ";" " " ' Cm A
EDITO
TITLE 0g: _ i:_"_"""""_: T :1 u _4.4 JUL 301951T J Z 3;" ff: ":1 --
r . t -- é SEll|AuZED..._._.__,FIl.Eo lU»! Y JUL161957
FBI-PHILADELPHIA: _'.:
61 JUL 311957'~-i-9
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I How Dangerous 'Aro':'U.$. Commies? *"I~"- We can measrn-e gasoline bi gallons, diamonds by}Fms and noise__by decibels. How measure danger? There' a we . ~ " "
V The Commie apparatus in America has a 8-pronged
attack: ! It can propagandize against the government? and for itself. ! It can try to overthrow the government. "
! It can spy on the government. ' i - eI -"-_-g~.__'.-'*=w;<.%_- - . 5.-¢_..,,._.K,._.q? -""7" 1*
Propaganda has been tried. In the darkest bottom of. ll.
-the depression Communism made little headway even"
among the most distressed part of the population. Failing *~
in that, there was no chance to overthrow the government;
" No danger that America can be converted to Com-e
munism. No dangereds can overthrow the government. ..3'
xE
. _Red spying? That is a present and a future danger. _.
But No Spy Cases Came Before the Court ' »._=:
" In the recent cases the Court reversed, none involved .
espionage. In the past, when Communist spies have beennvicted, the Court has never reversed the verdict. The _oath sentence in the Rosenberg case was an example. The"
roof against them was clear. The verdict was just. The
were accused of ling false aidavits, of preaching revolu- .
tion but not attempting revolution, of questionable asso-
ciations, of refusing to answer i1u'estiona.'~; " ~ > . f
A i . A good many of theni admitted "propagating" Com--g;
. .. . 54 -.- '1! .. .
Communist beliefs, to most of us, ere undesirable, dis» E.
tasteful and phony. But under the Bill of Rights it is not i
a crime to hold unpo ular ideas and "to express them. -When the Founcfers, many years ago in Our Town,
:1 use they livedqln a world where oppression was the _'
.1f git:-anteed the right of free speech, it was a bold
5
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t says, in effect: We must not use the methods of C-one -munism to ght Communism. We must be bold, not fear- /L' irreme Court goes back to the mu of American liberty.
iL_"1-.":?1-'1':5..i...'i,.¥2.'_'t'-.1"-i.2...'.1..; -1- ---9-pV_F_F-__-a»4..1_b,:.::j-Ii ~ 1 iurt did not interfere. '- -g - *- -
" e the recent cases upset by the Court; the defendants
Phony -Ideas Are Not Criminal '= :7 9' 1 I
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.-I -_ Washington, July 1_4.--In. the quarter of a century that;this neyvsman has covered the Capltal we have reported,{formal l1lVOStlZ8tlQ1'lB oi every branch ogavernment-'-with gone outstanding exception. This is th upreme-Court of
H the Umted States.. "-"-_ -..F. I1. ' . _ _ -. -_ ....- .' .5 The _W'nite House--from ardinfs Teapot Dome to Roosevelt! _.1'esrl Harbor and "Yaltl-has been investigated. So hsrwery fed-3 ;Leral department and agency. Congress has even investigated its oflicommittees-and come up with I T ' ' .
the interesting information that lalthough committee reports and i
recommendations were si ed bysuch honest American gelbators I , e
as Gerald Nye, Harle Kilgore, I-.Claude Pegper, James blurrsy or .'.Robert La ollette thug had been Z
,w:-itten largely by an lger Hiss,{John Abt, Henry Collins or other .
{!Y_l1&.!¥ Ce%e:'.1st: or £ello'.:'= '
' velerl. - ; ' I
And come to think tit, be- _
fore His: went to work on the;Nye munitions investigation he=was the bright young w'seere- -
tary to one of our most distin- Igisllgzted members oi the S921p1'eml_ i _I ll . : . V I _ .
{ So weve reed with Warm ap-Ereova] the proposal oi National I_ view editor James Bumham ; '
that Congress dro those wild I -and _whirIi.ng wants about lm-_peachment, etc., - and reread I
Article III, Section II of the Con- _ _ p_ _
H».'jl1l'l§l'l1¢'tiC_IIl over cases gnvolv|.nL' _ ' P '-"f""' '""'°." Pk" -
Ioreign diplomats and disputes tween sovereign states, it il than _{restrained b such exceptions and under such regulations as tbs Congress shell make" when it eomes,to takingwsny appellate juris-' ?%'tl1'el:e?rtI:J¥ tfhlbd gases: rte; lathe paragraphs; TFTQ_. ._ .-In a 1-eptublic there isbnothin aaclrosanct about E: judiciaiito exempt t om scrutiny y t e e native represen 'ves of 192 people. H therjudiciary has nothinito hideas we must presum0f~".t s..eaL'i welcome : serious and -uolie iaquh-3v H the judges iii Ebeelil. inching beyond their due tore 111': republican system, an o
.investi ation by the sovereign legislature is_an ideal means tomind of tb tr diti I d ti ' t_j%.g e s one u el_and restraints that bmd92 s._ Qll conscien¢9--
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Iwould have genre for the chance to head in _¢ -. ~-- - - ." ;[- Putting asi s for the moment the Earl Warren ¢¢_!llI'f'1'l2lHl:%Qllschool investigation and civil rights, there remains the stintllll et-kins _¢ese ru 3 in which the igh court told its actual hose-Com
.g1-ess»-how-Oongreas should in-oceed in its investigation and _1vhatquestions t ihouidrft isii. in the eve Bieis.on_ case it toie. i_.ne
sovereign etstea that state laws to control subversion and treasonhad been tossed out the window because only federal lair wee fer.-
lmitm by the court to operate in that eld. And in the Jencks ect-
,sion it permitted" Communist lawyers to brouse leisurely through themost secret les oi the FBI-one oi the most amazing and shockingrulings ever handed down. e. . ' - 7- *-1 o tar ea the decision freeing Calitornia Communists convictedunder the Smith Act is concerned it ieeves the law entorcement piti-oer, acting to défend_his country, in a spot where he knows in advancethat ins prisoner will he turned £1-ee_un1ess he catches him with a
hand grenade in his hand or e. smoking automatic liter he! pulledthe tzwggerw "f" .__ .,. . . 3- -
1 - - me Wm», ue Decision? e:--i1-¢'-1.=,- -
F ' Burnham cmuphasizea the in-opriety-oi such e Congressional
"investigation under Congress Qonatitutlonal inaodate to regulate
the appellate jurisdiction or the Supreme Court end to provide thefunds for maintenance of the judiciary esi .ebiishme1'lL:'_AJ1 he
points out: .1 ,- M t_ _.
- Then, tartiy comes all-important snapper: 1-. "wit
7' _"Aa directly relevant to such an inquiry the fnvestigetive coin-
inittee would presumably wish to discover the way in which the stallsof the Sugeme Court and-tlie_1ufer_ior coufts ere selected, the func-tion; oi __n;r !_é¢_'£!§Q!'!l_=-! _,endeeother aids of the judges, the exactmarine; in which decisions ere being prepared and written--yand by
wom.._. . ,~e .. i The !ound_ing' fathers never intended to make the Sntpreme Court
orthe federal Judiciary as I whole e co-equal" branch o the overn-ment. In the rst 100 years after the adoption of the C0llS§i.lilO%botg White House and Congress at various times deed or ignorehi% court decisions, or-_, in the case of Congress, atly contradictede upreme Court decision by passing a law-aa it did in March 1;
Colirf Weeieef Qrhoch, Hamilton Wrote .2 LL . ls Alexander Hamilton womb the Federalist Pagers: 1 - '
"j1he'jndiciary, iron; the n_e of its iunctions-, will always hethe least dangerous to the pohcal rights oi the Constitution: be~
cause it will he least in a capacity to annoy or injure them". . ; thejud.iciary_.' ... hes no inuence over either the sword or the purse;no direction either oi the strengthor 0! the'wea1th oi the sociemnd can take no active resolution whatever. .It may truly hehave neitberftorce nor will, but merely judgment; an? _m'c||t um;ateiy depend upon the aid o£_the_1executive_s.1_'m even; or, the elli-cy of its judggients . . ; It is beyond coniyarison the weakest»!thdrtt-t 'i:e%fs;=i§}e't°?é§-; '.s -f?i"<"??
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92A "_' _ _ eeifcei ToFi5fa5i'Z"'ti "Ieur't,Con'gre:§e'-;ereiCic;v_::%'ust_l92v01:fI.fraid oi the court! Under
1868, when it formally nullied the Dred Scott decision. - V . "i
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- vv-ni -"F.B.l..AND THE UPREME cob . I- all the recent-decision: b formation. methods of procigmySupreme Court on individu and the likefthe Supreme un'rights: -1he one of most concer aaid the -[0 ernment wduld haveto the govemment la the Jenclu to take its choice between show-ase rul1ng~gi92-ring defendants lng theoliles or not_ prosecuting. ;I riminal and espionage casea.cer--- Reports from .the capital say theIn =r nccssjo-F.B.L les. -= .B.I. is"-threatening lo drop out' The court! decision mid that f such cue: _alLogeiher, ratherwhere defense counsei is Ieeking hm_per-mit lexaminatiorf of itsto attack the cnedibiiity of wit- ilen by defendants. .ne it may Iearch the files Ihe administration irmeantimelookin for discrepancies Between advancing legislation designed toinIormatlon_aupp1ied to the F.B.I. give trial judges the authority to' and sworn testimony in the eourt- decide in secret what pm i1 any oom. _ ' .0! F.B.I. reports should be al-; indful 0! the--F.B.I.: !ong- owed to the defense. Without ac-ding-lnsistence that much - - on~some such measure] aPlif-'B__W0rR,!!eol1ld he P oc~d_-.share'~.,of the Juvtnme s1:-,-,1: Ie.re"H_¢.eQ 10.; ~ '@r|;__=gxn';+&'e1-i:nlnaI'§1;'pnne¢u~ oncondential lnurces of 3 .- to'itand¢1n danger. '
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COSI-LAN LISLPJDRATH
EDITUR
THE DAILY HLRALD
GULFPCRT 30 BILC-XI,
ISSIPPI COAST
7/15/57
Page 2 Cols. l 45¢ 2I
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K'1 The House committ'ee has determined, obviously,_ ___ ~qpg..Ir--r<-v--1;-y -,- .-3- L :3,Congress an§?tI1e DEClS.l.QllSIn recent weeks, the upreme Court hashanded
down decisions wm&1 dn oi
complaint irom some congressmen and ot.hers.'--.-=
if We have shared the baiement over some 01
these decisions. As along-tint" member oi the court,
Justice David J. Brewer, said nearly 60 yearsagoz:
"It is a-mistake to suppose that the Supreme
Court is either honored or helped by being spoken
bi as beyondpcriticisrn . . . True, many criticisms_may be, like the? authors, devoid oi good taste, but_-p better all sorts o criticism than no criticism at a_1i.f
i But disapprovaioi individual judgments of the
court and attacks on the court as aninstitution ar
-twodi.fferentthingaf_-1 _»- - Q .
As an independent branch oi our governmen
Ivthe Supreme Court is an integral part oi our sys-
tern oi'checks and balances-a system imperative
Ito our way oi life. p -' . ti . l -' _
In its long history the court frequently has been
the last barrier to the invasion oi individual rights,
which are pararnonnt to any division of government.
Having said this, we-new turn with a comforting
feeling to the sober reactions oi some oi those most
directly concerned with the court: recent judg'-
ments. _ f :1 ._ 5* ;_ ' ,
We cite, for instance, the decision oi the House
Un-American Activities Committee to re-orient its
aims, to revise its authorizing law and its pro-
cedures, even to change its name-that it may con-
fern." to the court: iudgment in the famous 't1!et'=
that it can live with the Watkins decision, and still"pursue the duties for which _it was created. _ ' e "
We note that the Justice Department, which said
the court! decision in another case had created It
grave emergency in law enforcement," as indeed it
Idid, is moving fast, together with Congress, to rem;
edy defects in the law, as alleged by the ,_.
n seemsto us these orderiy efforts, rather thanvenze.iL-Investigations, or iegislation, stewe? in-51¥
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Cincinnati , Ohio
mm 1/15/s1
PAGE 6
EDITION Final
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when J! ,1
tudent in if
ersity our lessor ask ._ pm I1wb; we thought agltats supreme court. in a_,;iamous case, had ruled as;
they had .-- reversing thelower courts, complete]: dis.regarding the ' doctrine
stare decisis and holding
contrary to all prior Judicial
pronouncements. When nostuden't:- could answer. this
law professor exclaimed,
"Well. students. it's really
quite simple. The Supreme
Court was Repub1icanthe
deiendant was a Democrat.
The decision was strictiw_ a
political oneif"_;_,'ri ~' _ _H Shortly alter um startling
observa_tion_ was made. .our
professor was elevated by acertain "Prent ,to theUnited State u reme Co rt.
He was duly con'?'m'i'<':l By
the United States Senate.
' Ihavejrequently wondered
-how many of the United
States Supreme Court de-
cisions oi late are motivated
strictly by political, soci-
ological and private preju-
dices-in derogation of the
express provisions oi the
.4 United States Constitution.¢ I am of thelview that the4 ipresent courtwith it's lop-
sided 9_-0 "liberal" composi-Etion may well have suc-Fl-cumbed to such chimera in
-iathering and disseminatingLsuch opinions as those ren-
.-dered in the recent Girard -
case; in Sweesy v. New
Hampshire; Slochowet" v.
_ Brooklyn College; Yates v.._ United States; John StewartQ: Service v. Dulles; Chessman
|v. Teets; Reid v. Covert;
Roviaro v. United States:
United States v. DuPont;
Butler v. Mlchi n" Girard1v:-oer-tr Phm uand many oth _ of
r9292teversins. the lower court. llit possible that all the lower
court Judges-throughout theUnited Staten-both Feds:-3and State-"are immatlawyers '_and Judzes not
soundly versed in the knowieedge or the law, wholly lack;
in: in Judicial experience-
whereas the 1, nine on the
present Court-who hear no
witnesses, who receive no
jury verdicts-are consist-
ently riiht? It would more
logically invent-_ that the
lower court judges--most ol
whom have had years or
judicial experience on the
bench, who possess tremen-
dous legal backer-ounds and
who were appointed by dif-
ferent Presidents-were ob-
.viously better disposed to
render sound 1udicial_pr'o¢
inounoements based on sood
law rather than those ut-
tered by men appointed tor
political reasons and whose
nderiying philosophy seems
-to be based on political and
sociological i'antasy.-- . --
"Ccnstltutional1st."-
U U Q i
I read with interest -a re-
cent article by David Law-
rence, a fine writer, referring
to the Supreme Court. Mr.
Lawrence is correct in It'll»!-
ing that the members oi! the
court hold oice durlns
"good behavior? and not for
lite, as some people seem to
think. The members of the
" Senate are the sole ludzesot
the law and theliacts as to
what is good and what is
bad. 'I'he last judge to be
convicted was a Judge from
orlda, who brousht his
court into dlsrepute by his
conduct. 'Ihis same conclu-
sion could anvil Iil.l.u'I-£61;-i't,h W 1° N 4"..
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4I The Supreme Court or Georgla'ex]¬}essed its deep distr i- g--'---~* 15 1* T1@;. 2::§-|,.
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9292., /.FL/f its ruling a c sh u on a Imerits can be enforced in violation I "/ 1/ [I]state law. e - - . .- ~ . 1 1
l 'Ihe iquestion arose In oe<>1~g1a"1.i the Hi
it case oi! Looper and others against thi__ - Georgia Southern 8: Florida Railway Co.
92.Looper and his associate petitioners are 1. ' rai way employee. They were notied '
that under terms of the Federal Railway 1. Labor Act they must within 60 days join_. a labor union or Iorteit their jobs.
-92 -. This closed shop provision has '
made effective by the U. S. Supreme Court in all stateluding those which have enacted Right to Work" la Iutlawlng the closed shop. ' _ - ' , '
t being compelled to follow the . S. Supreme Court's
~
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. ..,__.¬__1,__ _ _'_' _.i ig3_..But it found comfort in o. new avenue of attack §IOTI.NG the opinion, given June 10,1 against the closed shop. - I ~ - _ weekly magazine "National Review," commented:' e o o ' '
LOOPER. and his associates complained that compulsoryunion membership corpelled them also to contribute
unwillingly to political ncti p tics of which they disapprovejr
It is alleged," the Georgia Court said In its unanimous
opinion. that the union dues and other payanens they
be required to make to the union will be used to support
ideological and political doctrines and candidates whichthey are unwilling to support and in which they do NOT
be eve." It said this would violate the First, Fifth and
Ninth Amendments to the Constitution. _ -
- _ Ruling for the petitioning railway worl-ters,_l:he GeorgiaCourt said: '
"We do NOT believe one can constitutionally Be compelled
o contribute money to support ideas, politics and candidateshich he opposes. We believe his right to immunity from
onhim. . -t - I - "'1 I uclh exactlons is superior to any claim the union mayThe Supreme Court of Georgia has, in eect, told I
number of local railway workers that they need only to¥IOVC the political use ot union funds to sustain the right
l0 nonunionized employment. -' " - - - '
This poses a nice question for Chief Justice' Earl
Warren: Court in Washington We await the flreworlu
that must inevitably result when Justices Hugo L, Black
and William 0. Douglas and the others are faced with thewords of the Georg: Court."
Movie producer ll B. De Mille went to court on suchan issue in 1945. De Mllle refused to Pay a $1 assessment
levied by the American Federation o Radio Artists. Thelevy was to tgrovlde a fund to oppose an effort in Call-fornia to ou w the closed shop. 92 -Mr. De Mille was suspended hyvthe ,unlon. In Janua
1945. Superior Judge Emmet H. ilson ruled against .De Mille. holding that the producer must pay up to remain the union. e Judge said the use to which the ievl
fund would be put was NOT political. - -
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lfungressand t{:enDecl's 6l ,n;"f_ »_~ At i / N"B..Rrecent Iééit; the Supreme Court
has handed dowudecisions which
from some Congressmen and others. fl! .
We have 5i92a.reel_tl1o hafement over
some of these dec1s1ons., . i
E And we are among those who hold
that the Court, no -less than Congress
or the President, is a fair target tor
adverse criticism, As a long-time mem-
ber of the Court, Justice David J.
Brewer, said nearly 60 years ago: - l
l It is a mistake to suppose that the
Supreme Court is either honoree or
helped by being spoken of as beyondcriticism .1. . True, many criticisms
may be, like their authors, devoid-of
good taste, but better all lsoi-ts of
criticism than no criticisni at e_.i|_L i
f But disapproval 01' individual judg-
'ments of the Court and attacks on the
Gourt as an institution are two dif-
ferent things. As an independentbrash of our Government, the oii
preme Court is an 1!'ll'.62'l8-l part of our U Q l .
; system of checks and baiances-e sys-tem imperative toour way_ of life.
In its long history the Court ireE -e-see:-y has been the last Barrier to theinvasion of individual rights, which mi,lpara.mount»__to any-division of govern-ment: = *~-- e e 1 . '
I H_av_ing_said this, we now turn With
_s comxorting feeling to the recent sober
_ reactions of some of those n1ost.di-
rectly concerned with the Court: re-cent judgments. We cite, for instance,the decision of the House U,n-American
Actities Gommittee to reorient itsaims, to revise its authorizing iew and
its procedures, eve-n' to changeits nainé
--that it may conform to the Court's
judgment in the famous Watkins ease.The House committee has determined,
obviously, that it can live with the
Watkins decision, and Still pursue the
V dutiesijor which it was created'___'_' _
._5We~-note_ that the Justicemeat, which said the C-ourts decisionin another casehad created a grave
emergency in law enforcement," as -in-
deed it did, is moving fast, together
with Congress to remedy defects in
tiieiaw, as alleged by the Court i ,>
1,It seems to us these orderly efforts,
rather than vengeful investigations orlegislation stewed in Ie'pIiS&l, are more
in keeping with our traditional con- cepts of democratic governme1!i7""""'. On -
. li, Q xi/-iii.
I
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N. Y. .loumu1-------
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N. Y. Mirror
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. The Supreme Court is to
be m y Of
its recent declstons-in some
instances they have opened
up a new world of thought
Land nghteeusness. in
5America. 3 - 4 92-
E" Oh, how smug were the me-
lshs, the Qhony patriot! ind the
narrow-mlnded blgots before the:Supreme Court gulled the rug
.1r0m beneath Lei; teet In
each instance the Supreme
Court decided In favor at right-.eousness: how can we have searegation in Americewhenmen are Sutfpsed to be equal-»Fwhy shoul anyone accused 0!.3: Cr-gm: 5- mu. mneéd -..-In. --I I-II: 92'VAl-ll.92ll.l.U92- 1l92A.I. CYIY
rdenpe he cannot inspect-why
"lhllld an Ame:-lean soldiu sta-
itioned in a Ioreign nation. who
commits .1 crime against I citi-
Lzen of that country, not be fried
Ely 5 legal court oi said eoum.try! " .>
Q Sna, snap and whlmper all
you vile bigots, but these ded-'';I10I'L! W111, regain the preetigq
And respect America lost when1yq|;L_Fi,nq1 rtied the hlghe.|t__=I_e1.1.rt _I1 t-_-e 1:21; ' --
k""*" --'-' J¢e.M- N: is ,
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1?-B,JUL 2;,-1951
61JUL231957 --""""""I .._hot;-.@Bigots|
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i_LACK or nissligg-,:':.ronf;-; ' RECENT ACTS or U. s. -7; OSUPREME couar GENERAL
IT is a faiIac§"'to"state undermany
circumstances that the South isI pan isolated or "segregated"-area
| in the United States critical of re-
fcent decisionsllaiided dowg by the'SupremeiCoa1§ E - § E §iI Sentimentfixithe South ci*iticaIfo'f
a group or men, iii the majority atleast, who literaIlg,orn toshreds or pl1lv__r_1_Zegl mahtlates Of
the Constitution; by belief in their actions, consent or directive,___1___nay
be _f0und throughout the country. ._If
more localized in Southern States, it
'is because these are the principal, Itarget of the court as the center of
sound and traditional government
. founded in freedom.
There is a growing sentiment de-
veloping from lack of respect for~"tlie
court accentuated since the stack-
ed court era of the Roosevelt FQD,
R.! administration, that if one so;-
ment of federal government is"in
greater need of repair than any
_other it is the court. It should be
made to remain in its own consti-
_tutional orbit. Never should it: he
suspected of applying the rubber
stamp of approval to proposed pew,1
I
1
It ought to be good for the coun-
try and the court, it the people
__wouid amend the Constitution 't_ochange the manner of seating
men on the court bench tor life.
By appointment__ to pay political
debts, or for the purpose of seed;-ll ity appointees personally]nurn of =-"F"B
.{__
vealed fevv, any,-usilifyinglgsfg
for the important vyork. PresidentRoosevelt did not have a "quo1-uny!in his court to do hiddinglto
begin with, but before he died hem
did. - .1 -.
entiy welt pleased with rec"ent'de-isions handed down. ;:$;l...':;.;f._-.'
George E. Sokolslry, noted'_coIu'ln-st employed by more than -=30!!
ewspapers through King Features
ynclicate, whoknows terribly bad
overnment _beEause he has lived
"11 in Eurpef--~lRf1ssia! arid fled
rom it to the ?§§1_'§{_ij'!f_l_of the good
overnment that,_',the ';United. 315:9;
as by basic, igiiljitically abused,
onstruction. He is ai_rAmerican cit-
izen.' . 3-'37 l--w P
In asjecenttcomment on court,the columnist had this to say, brief-ly; "_ - . .-l._. .1:
"I am so discouraged by"i'eée'nt
upreme Court decisions that" it,
. hard to understand what the.
érrant Courtf'r'eall_y meani to do;
l 0 use ...._|~ -_- i.s___.-_...i_ M - "
laws, or changes, in compliance?
-with political warps of selfishi
' §Fr"'n'¬E:13n.:{¬>
138 {JUL 3 1 1952If President Eisehhhvver
iteral terms a guorn-i, he "ls evi-
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Mr: Bond
Hr. Belmo
M9. Huh
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Ir. Rose
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Mr. Trutter_.._
Mr. Nease...._..._._
Tele. R.oom__....._
ll:-. Holloman_._.._
line Gl.ndy__,.. L
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Daily Times-NewsBur11llE50n . Noon1-16-51
St-elegy 1. Cook,
Editor
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Miss Gandy ____ ., 4,;-.».~ _ -1 IJ: : .
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- Wsaanvoron .ni1y'is'-'-this is ins week when oisasm-iM/o is Row. a-1-es; 0 Q
_ _ -_ - _,_ .' 4; - _ V i~-i-1-4, Ii.---~ . - T '""" -' . - 1" ' ' -~ 4 i I / .-. e » -I I J I 92 _,, n ¢
htchlhlptlehl
emseives on these no |_ '2 ' Certe.ln.l§d:h£ rillli I'D
he nteil to the D80]!
when the memhersot the court
Ill Justice Ciai-k_ oi the Bil-
prerne Coiut who on June'i_
last, in a dissenting opinion
the Watkins case, sa.id:- .*'i~ 1_ 4 pp 92htssu,esc=cns that nrivilese-.
1"-1.>i.: .55". if f
y. . d1
.tm'oei tiradee against those lawyers and laymen who have ad the temerity to criticize recent ecisions oi the Supreme"
urt of the United Btates. The misleadirmntheor! that the
Supreme Court is the last word" ind that.
W once the court has spoken. there is no right Bar Association ll'meettn¢'-In New York, and sire
'. of criticism
- Court and can nullity its decisions;
e in many instanceaibr the simple
' of specifying by Law what cases the .1Court may or may not pass
. The Constitution ears": . ' -
. __ _ . shall make,u -- . This means that Congressin which it can be stipulated, for example, that the Suprcn-is"Court may not review or accept for appeal any cases involirinitestimony taken by committees or ngress relatinl to conte t;For refusal to.answer. The Congress _lso could by law speciiy t l!no cases shall be received by the at only due, the can H.upreme Court for appeal in-
idvoiving local law-enforcement
?"=°b1=m§- mh =1-the rim °f so what the district courts and.the Federal sovernment or e. EU 3 ch-can court, ,1 Armic or do or covets ¢<>v=m- eais -snail rule upon. 'Ihroush1 ' ' ' . ,1l.'8l1t to question before or arter-Farraignment persons arrestedand suspected oi crime. Con-
Qgress can specity that these eh!-ll
be hereafter decided by lowerkccurts or specially constituted-tribunals. 1- -. I _E Conlreef lies the Power '
It is not irenerally realized
Pthat Concress has the power, to
icreate or abolish-lower courts.
y e Constitution seys:.- _'
-"The Iudicial power oi the
1illied_B_t8/$8! shall be vested inie Supreme Court. and in_suchI erior courts as the Congress. reversal has been widely propagated. 92 '
Actually.
. _ ail cases aiiccting ambassadors. other
- public ministers and consuls. -and those in;
r which e state shell be party. the Supreme - Court shall have original jurisdiction. Inalll
the other cases beiore mentioned, the Bu-Jpreme court shall have spgeliatc iurisdictiomiboth as to law and tact. wi such exceptions,k Ldwmnce and under such reirulations as the Congress9! In-8 opportimitir to secure s'
Conzress has authority over the.
can issue I set of "regulations";
ve power to specify by w
at sood behavior" means ut
it! power to ordain and estah- i
llsh" special courts. Congress
can deal with particular pro_h-,
Iems that may arise. The Consti-
tution. indeed. gives a yery nlff
my Jurisdiction over oases tol
heB_up'reme Court and gives the.
idest jurisdiction to Consressl
declare what cases the highest!
court may properly undertake to.
teviel." jl _ ' _
',I1, therefore. the Congresshes to pass a 1_aw stating thatj
Supreme Coiiért glloll not mi:"P wows . Yo ins $017100 I
r educational aprohlenia, this
sass 2 ti to time ordain "F '5¬'°°°#"Y h°T* *'1°11'=11=.imm. Jggmhlflfrhe _md3e!_- both the_Constli'.utlon, Education cog the supreme and _ interior :r1¬§1:: ; l%s ggféid-l:'h.¬4Nurts. shall liold.-their o M--nu-n_o_¢ Fed .1 ' N-mes ~' "I do,§§::d§ wI',;;e°,f::f°,£°f,: people. thereto .have{': 3 M Wham and ' ll Courts or gal Ju min- As 1 see it the chiei 1...oru
-the malority opinion isdts mis-
chievous cm-bins oi the iniorni.-'
" ins function oi the Consreu. .92 .
.Mr experience in the Executivebranch oi the sous:-gent lee-dl
me to believe that require-.
mente laid down in the opini-{tor the operation oi the commit-
itee system ct inquiry are both
unnecessary and unworkable."E at "lire-r_ocabIo ,_' __ .
. Heme is a Justice who tells li
runcticn or Congress itself .'been seriously interfered wl
THE calls this "mischievous." Yet
there are persons who claim thgg
what the Supreme Court has
said is sacrosanct and that any-I,
one who criticizes the court is
"cut or order. One President ct,
the United States has said in I.
public speech that the ilecisionsij
oi the Supreme Court are lioti
irrevocable. Another Presi-
dent. also in l speech, said: '-
5 "Our difficulty with the court
today rises not from the court
as an institution but trons
have reached the point -as oi
paticn where -we" must take-'faction to save the Conatitu
from the court and thefrom itself. . . . The court. inadditio to its proper use oi itsjudicial ,!unetions. has pim-
properly set itseifup as a thirduse oi the Congress ».-- la"
per-legislature.-as one of the"
ustioes hsscelled. ii.-rennin:
into the Constitution words
and implications which aresnot
there. and which werc_ never
tended. to be thorn".-i-.;1 e. .- _2I
Certainly this is a legitimate
form oi criticism. and certainly
gthere sun is a right to oiiisrg
dissent, irom so-ca,licdi
Judicial"-opinions as well as
om Presidential utterances. -~.ilnation that the investigative
53F%@ Tlihilliillai, .-
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Wash. Post and
Times Herold
Wosh. News _____.._.
Wash. Star -r
N. Y. Herol
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-
American
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In F -Ir. Belmo As!Ir. Mohr . 'Ir. Pars.
T , z 'I mP1-esé F_o -$3-5 .' ' 7;? - '- -. .' . 2'-,_ __-_ . _ '_ ..3" |-h I ' '- 7-. " -'»-.-' ' _ -' _-V_;'|,_'-,L1-_:,¢;1»92»'ne¢»---nn-b-<|¢.---- I1- " ' " F >1-.§1_||§, _ . , . _ __
Supreme pCourt_1udges;;}Forrest STa{°skNal0ss_e Belah -- ulhx-r =-§-"- -; {#70510 nu Chattanooga-Zlesss-Irn':_Ifriss__.°_4?-:'
_r .1 trust most of the people ereg;
keeping ab1eut*o! the Supreme;
-Court: decisions, _ps,_rt1culnr}y-;
regarding the decreol on con}-
munism, regulating bu1iness_'u:d'
' right: otltho State: and people.
! Not one Comm!-Inilt 'W'!10_hl-l,_
F appealed to the Supreme
§lm.a lost. In !hct,'t!_1'e_'c.zs,ri1:
"the Kremlin coul_dnt have helped.
_ the Com_munLsI: party more ths._n1
,-_th.e Supreme Court she;-trr lit;
decLsion_ freeing -the ~Com;nu_-.'.i_1ists who 5 were lrgdictéd for!!
.$e==h1=92s overthrow Q! thefllglr-Q;
sttel by !°.P°°-<j-:-:_~ ;-"ii1.. We hear much about regal;
tor the Supreme Q0!-I11 end" ,
gtooges, the lojrer p1",oder_s'_-I?
-courts, and it you 1'10-not"bqw_'down you will have e. b1s.n1:er"__'
injunetlon thrown over the ooun-' _1
tryddq mak1_11_g it 5 crlmh_m.l_of-_ 1tense tor voicm dtsapproviot_e. dlcthtorahipt " 1 ' ' 1, 92
The poop] In the United
States hsve ys had respeotl
-go: law and o der and the
_ courts decisions when they here-I
5 based on law, but when e rene- .
gade, comrnuntstlc-inuenced 11!: F
'. attempts m pun laws out Ȣ:'~ psychology books, protect.~g1'v'e 15
ieid and comfort to s. foreign
- enemy bent on desuoymg_'qug-.--
Pslovfd I country and "rreedora; Jll-I ll uwu DELI QUIZ] IO I399] gnu M
resist such an attempt. --'1-"$4721,-
. The frsxrensteln monster; 92
, that President Eisenhower cre-L
_ated in appointing Es:-I .~Warren-.'£
to the Supreme Oourt !u.s=-b.
1 ready bitten Ik and Atty. Gem-L1
4_B$1-lit. Tggdere -both-- c 3 u on :I92
sthe FBI les and impugnmgv92 ' the oonvlction -of Gommuu'.l{'tl.r"
- No oneil sets immlthelr.-F4
"<=11lt<=§10l. not even the potitteuz;nnnn ll ; .'_ . _. . .. _ . __-.'_vryvusvwzm -- -1' -_ __'_:Iv-» =u um +»m¢:=" ' throw of the ifh Oommurstgbutto " '__
I-H pinion 1'98!-rdlng-ue r
n
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NOT nzconnrb
141 AUG 0 I957-4Mr. one ______
Tele. ' .-
Mr. Hoii-:'m|.n_...
Miss Gandy '
i-"i--I-i--I
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tam or our ch-dz-en._ihe1r pt » _ p __,_.lP%4nndwo1fl:fe,1_|l., g _. _ ab! trims. "92_
' NATHANEF'- _'¢»;.'. r -. _ 3.. / _ I
is-'-nialJUL I 8 1957
a692 7' tSI
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' c ' ~ .31.i is-4;-r~_:I:;: ' on
* "-' T ieise cam: be
hand
. cent decisions oi the Bupreme
,,__Court oi!_the United States.
»,-. The mislesdinc theor! that
the Buoreme,Court is- the
'.".Iast word" and that. once
-thecourt has spoken. there
.-is no risht oi criticism or
any opportunitl to secure a
reversal hse_. been widely
$J10pil¢n.Qd.- .~._= --i ;, .-i ~
; Acttrslli. Consress has au-
thority over the Supreme
can nullify its de-
;etsions.at will..in many in-wtangeséchy the simple methodhis I17!!!-I hr low Will}
eases the supreme Court may
_may.:_wt pose -upon. there-gter. The Constitution sass:
.2- lIn all oases aiiectine sm-rsssdors, other public min-tersand-oonsuis, and those"j Cifeics gidina at? i¢>.°?!l¢ = Y isthsveek the N " '
Assocgtlmil
92courtsorspecialiyfoonstiiaited
- ~'|'§?_,92_92--'. "ii
. .!t is not senerslly realised
thatCon:ressiiasthspower_,to "create or abolish mw
' 1, .,|-_-..,!'. . . Y
-. ."The indicts-1 Filler of the
United States shall be vested
in one Suoreme.Cour_t. and in
such iniferior "courts as the
Congress mas from time to
time ordain and -cstsblii.
The iudaeaiboth oi the Bil-
preme-and interior courts.
shall hold their offices dur-
ins sood behavior, and shall,
at stated times, receive tor
their a compemhon
which shall not he diminished
durinz their continlianoe. in
.oiiioe. _ -_ ._'.s
.. Hot onlr does the Con:-ress
have .power to ebccify by law
whet "Rood beiiaviorf means.
but also What thQ;d1stri.c't
courts and the United Statesgremevuour;
isPeople when the
the court itself
oriviiese "It was
Clark oi the Bum-clue
whoonJune17iast,in
ssntln: opinion tnpthe _kins id ' case, sa :
' i".i92s'1 see it. the chief
in the niaiorit! Ohinion
mischievous curbins oi
informing iunctlon of
Congress. . . . My
in the executive
the Government leads_1ne
believe that the requirements
laid down in the opinion Io!
the operation oi the commit-+
tee Ilistem oi i_nouir.v are both
u|1::hneces_ss;r_y and unworkta e." 2.»;
~ H Ilcre ise iii_st-ice who tells
the Nation that the investiga-
tive luhction oi Conlreu it-,
sei! has been. seriously inter-
Iered with. _He calla this
"mischievous." Yet
persons who claim
!.he Supreme Court
_is sac;-osanct and the. Woégz 5/5 Eé
Bogrdmon 4-
lmont .__'f._._
92qu92 -
if />I
._ Lp/'0;,/mi..._ Parsons I ' _
Boson
Tomrn _.___..._.._
Trotter .______
Room _.____
Goody _.__..__
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E 1Q 'CQULDN T HAPPEN. K "Al,;_ _Fo1lowing the Kremlin's example. Bulgarian and Ro-*3
T n
n
B t
Mo
1/
manian Reds are busily bouncing high-ranking government -"of clals. Our own Communists can console themselvesth the thought that nothing like that could happen he
fore the U. S. M all their wounds wParsons _i.__
Rosen _._.i.
Tamm _.i__
Trotter __.i_...
Neasa _....i_
Tele. Floorn ....i.
Holloman i..__
G dy i....._i.__
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I l y _0f them Wk? feel mistreated need only get someh% l; U! I
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Wash. News .
Wash. Star
N. Y. Herald
Tribune
N. Y. Journal
American
N. Y. Mirror?
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N. Y. Times __._.__
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IKE JOINS LOU?! S LHIICS ~ 1 '-
PARDON -me suppressed cheer, but isn't;
it something that the Chief Eitecutiveis now among those who disagreeaith the
-mtallihilit? of the uniteu Ste-tei an-Ere:-.ni =Cog} _ __,_ -- .
_ The President, at his Wednesday press '1
1-"|ion by pronouncing himsel! in sharp dis-
agreement with the high co1.1Ii.| tenuousdecision in the Jencks case.
Q rWe agree with him entirely that tncalcu.-
~ lable damage is going to result from the.
ourt's dictum that government attorne I- Y
must reveal the contents oi their confiden-
tial investigative les. " i if. _e
In Atlanta there is the eppalling prospect?
4 that the parties indicted in the current lot-
tery cleanup are going to go scot-tree as 1"
r result of the legal gimmick the Jenclrs case
' gives defense lawyers. J ' ; y 1 -
: By asking government attorneys to open =
_ their condential filessomething the gov-1ernment attorneys cannot do without breaki-'|ing vows of 'secr-ecy--they can get cases-
against their clients dismissed. _
'. The routine is all too tsmiliar, by now._ p' Certainly there is no intention" to pre-
Idge the defendants 1.". the ietter},'=.;ribet5.'i
ses, nor to clamor for their skins. But
ey should be tried. - - t I l
We have saldp before that CongressIlshould unwrite the J'encks' case de-
cision. team the Presidents remarks on rec-
ord to encourage them, legislators should
now act swiftly on this. , 1 ., ., - .7" - _ 1- 92 '_ e ti I 5 _ V. _- .. h92 . - .' " '» -----I --______,4__-__,_,.___,_____.Z_.-~ - .
, I
rrre ATLANTA JOURNAL _ " 5', 4..Atlantg, Geoggia.
hgitoif gs: srsnomo , , 141 RUB 2111957.conference, joined a healthy majority opin-is -Mr Moln-
Hr Pars
Hr Ros n
llr Tam ._____
Mr Tiorterig
Mr Neese ____,
Tole Room_____,
Mr Hollomnn__
Min Glndy.__ ,
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F WE R remarks correctl SenatoJac New York- epublican. " t posit_io1'-TEI7tl1éAuprerne Qgg
t b tee d ai st bli ' -~ I mus epro te ag n pu ecri cism.U cause such criticism endangers the concept of Q
justice the Court represents. We began this '
6 with an ii clause, because it is an astonishing _positiontotake. '. I ' e ~ 1
e Senator Javits told the American Bar As;
sociation meeting here that it was the duty of _I the nation's lawyers to rally to the deiense of
the Court against public criticism of its recent
decisions "whether one agreeswith the indi-1 I
¢-" It is precisely the individual decisions that ,
ake up the complexion of the Court at any one 1vidual decisions or not." i
%e, just as individual decisions compose tie iIpolicy of the Am'ninistration or individual a " ;determine the course oi Congress. ' _=
, , Certainly, Mr. Javits will not say the Pr - 2 dent is immune to criticism because it would >' reect on the nobility of his office, or that Con- i
. gress is immune because criticism would lower '
public esteem of the legislative process. It is
equally tenable to respect the Supreme Court 'l- as a vital institution and at the same time
vehemently disagree -mth the decisions oi sev-eralorali of its members. * C '_ -
It so happens that we vehemently disagree
with recent Supreme Court decisions which we
I think give aid and comfort to the CommunistsQ -thy impeding the investigative powers of Con-:-gress, by infringing on States rights and b
jeopardizing the security of the nation. To 4Ego is not to advocate that the Court be abolishe .
_ In this Republic there is no institutioniqf
government, nor anyoi its members, exempt
S fromlpublic criticism, _ - _ _ ,1:n. - - ___.__"_.'__ -;j _ _-*-_ -_92,;, - -;_~e;_:___.__I§-_s:---hi;
'"BEXEop- 4.1 iJ
67% _ e -
NOT Rzconol '. _
141 AUG :46 1957 'ivj
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Noe: _..__...
Tale. Room .
Hollomnn .-
Grmdy _._
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//rid 5/VP/-
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Wqsii. Post and _._.___
-Times Herold
Wash. News --i--_
-Jesh. Sim ._____.._
N. Y. Herold ___.._..__
Tribune
N. Y. Jeumql-__?3-____
American 1
N. Y. Mirror ._______
N. Y. Daily News .___.__
N. Y. Times ._____..__._____
Daily Worker ____________,_
The Worker ________
c
;___. _
, --1 t.-.?'f¢- ':~92 ;3-»-s:;-_- :
M .._-- ; _
1 to ered_to_reverse its rulings or cur- ~¬
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92 <.
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one whole section of the country
" charges itwith usurping power andEdestroyingthe Constitution" in its '
-ass . {school desegregation decision. A good
many congressmen from other areas
are highly annoyed with the court;
recenvcurbing of abuses in Commu-
g nist hunting and its OP¬I1il11 . .- ==l A score of hills have need
tail its independence.- l in t » o This is not a._new situation. Qf all
Qthe checks and balances in the Amer- .-ab --13"-K 1
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1system of government, the Su-
ipreme Court is the most powerful.
:11; balances the executive and legis-
élative departments and it checks im-
ipulsive action under popular pres-
ésnres. Both iunctions were well
ftrated 20.years ago when the court
was digging in its heels against New
Deal expansion of federal powers to
meet the depression crisis. Recently
the court has been restrainin ov _ - s s -
ernmental invasion oi individual
Frights while dealing with the cold-
Warcris_is..,' .a ' . __
Many o£_ the court: critics today
were its deienders in that em"-lie!
conict--and vice verse. Ma.nywho
call it "dictator" today will applaud
it as "guardian of -our liberties to-
morrow. Actually there is more dan-
g that the court may loose its inde-
dence than that it will become a.
iii tor. History shows that w en
pug ic opinion is united and c ar.
the court does not long stand aga
it. Normally it applies the hr es
while emotions cool, added informa-tion guides action and"common sense-F I - ~
J"? "J ' 41-.-4'l"§q §,. 92__ _,|;" t_,'_qA . =_- .5
git 64AUG6 1 57nd Court Opimons _
__ ry has th
Limder heaiier re. Dominant opinion _=
segregation. And every citizen whointerprets the Constitution, 92ea%1¢'|necessary adjustments. '. -$4s By denition a brake operatjrsll
restrain some fence or action. g.'
is dicult to do without some £ric- I
tion. So naturally the Supreme Court A
may encounter criticism in direct I
proportion toits periormanceoi its !
function. Criticism oi the court's con- 5
clusions, even of its reasoning, is
necessary to the democratic process.
Often questions of national policy
are involved about which any citizen ;
isentitledtoanopinion. . '
But diering _'oni the court: view L
does not require personal attacks on Z
the judges. Senator Byrd's denun-
ciation of Chief Justice Warren as I -
"modern Thaddeus Stevens" may ex-
cite new passions, but it will not win
respect for the supportersof r ial
strikes a blow at respect for the c '" p
weakens a bulwark which next ek 1*
or next yearrnay be his own chief r
defense against injustice. ti>
Ob 1
W0-
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92
92
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Mr. N-use __,._.,_
Tele. B.oom_.__
Mr. HnIlo1nnn._
Mia! Gandy_-__
92
=_
Q
1 Date
" Edition
, t Author or* Editor!
Title
f Character
1 Page
1
is; Class. orGL3 Jail? bCI7;CE F0-IITOR
'1/22/51
Atlantic
l'IRWIlwI D.
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5 Of course, the court has its oii
; res onsibiiity in earning respect. it
co do much in this direction by
{few r reversals, bitter, hair-splitting4 dis nts, and the proliferation of [Fr-Yisonal views in concurrences. ut
icitizens mi ht weii ioiiow the ex 8' E -
, ample oi David F. Maxwell, retiring
' president of the American Bar Asso-
ciation. A few days ago he disagreed
with a ruling of the court,tbut at
the same time spoke with respect and
appreciation of its service. Deploring
loose and vituperative attacks he
warn that unbridled ran kingcouldipery well result in unde Fain-ing qlibiic condence in the court
as an effective and integral part of
our government!
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=1 i_ i Judgment, needlessly threaten the pub-
--Q ' reconvene:' aQ-Ii Riv. O-7-ill ' .
6/.
1-
I-;~ -- ';92-",.:_-1-I'*q|7?L»jIQ'] V'*Liifnforcement E- Attorney General Briiwneli 'i-' _i . . 111 "Elected I note oi urgency into 1'23 appeal:
to Congress to clrir:."' recent E's-u-"5-me;
Cour decisions bearing upon the adli
in n tration oi Justice in the Federal Lcourts. - Mr. Brownell had particular .
reference to the rulings in the Jencks," case, opening FBI ies in some circum-§
fstances to criminal defendants, and
{Vthe Mallory case, which resulted in the
;_ release oi a rapist because he had not-*5
1 been formally charged soon enough after ~. F his a..rrest.- . _ -L
' The Attorney General, in a televi-"
1 sion appearance, said that_the Jencl-rs? ' decision has resulted in a real crisis in ';i -. law eni'orcernent," and that the Ma11ory&
92:- ruling has aroused a great deal or con fi .. troveray." He added that we would like
ff to see a congressional committee study -.1
this whole problem end come" up with a I
solution so that .the police and law is
enforcement .o'icers over the countryng
when they have to deal with Federal 'h
laws, would know exactly what theiri ?.. L} Bauthority was and whatthe limitations -V
H
- This certainly is a restrained and,.__,!_ L reasonable statement or a very serious
1 situation. For these rulings, in our
Iic interest in ettective law enforcement.
The court was trying to safeguard the
rights or accused persons, in itseli a
laudable objective. But this can be done
without crippling the processes of in-
vestigation and prosecution. It can be
done, that is, it Congress will enact legis-
lation to remove the contusion created
by the court; rulings. Perhapsl it i_s'_
too late for action at this session, but
we hope that the needed correction
will'liEVli"a high priority when-Congressq. s
n..s'....- _-av ..,s92-r.r';_'a|b_...|:;,,|n.;; ."
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NOT RECORD ED
141AUG 2111957.
jii--i-r Q----
Wash. Post and
Times Herald
Wash. NewsWash. Star
N. Y. Herold _.___.____.
Tribune
N. Y. Journal.-_.__.._.._...
American
N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Daily News .____
N. Y. Times
Daily Worker
The Worker ___.__..___--
New Leader _..-...-
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II. Pars-one
It. Ron-n
Ir. Tarom
in 10- "*-
H-I R. - s .1. = e-..'t~~_ » Su rem UnderHe_ovy _F|re 3" , .'.lhe recent u. . upreme com aeeisleoe are visibly Jellgntnldst' the prospect ot
' n the "Red cases have brou ht on the ' propagsndizing and plotting unchecked by §_
prosecuting authorities or the courts. l _ -
. . .- 1*;.".I-'-t.-Q-.'!-g:-L- eL: - ~ - 5 -r'1 rt heavy re from newspaper readers. *m_ ' The New York Daily-_News, whose t'ircu-' ' Letien equals that oi! :11 other New Yorke]?
dailies combined, carried this EditoI'_l Note e
with its letter column: _ - , -* _. -
- This newspaper: policy alwiysohu been to t, t reader's reactions on both sides of 111113 1
. ssues. The letters reproduced above are un - .
ous in their opposition to recent Supreme urthdeclsions on communism. The reason: j
oug our mall on this topic has been heavy. _i_. , we have yet to hesr from 1 reader who hvorl- thou court edicts." ~ - _ K 3 -
e_ * Other newspapen. to all parts of thecountry, are nding that their reatler_s_s.ro1 incensed at the Supreme Court's dec1sion,t[g I8 shown "by letters to the editorl. - {J,_ " One result _is a rush of moves to get Con- '
gressional legislation, strengthening -the 1'
-..;":;; Government: hands in ierretlng out and_;.-=3. vprosecuting the Reds. ,- ' I p , ~- gxhtieveral Ineasures are proposed in Con» l...¢92 I-t . . .
ess: Not much will be done at this session, -'l
ut when the second halt of the 85th Con-
t ess opens, look for more action. 92_
' Heanwhiie the Reds are happy. _E-to several parts of the United States they A' , , _ . _ g'l|||nIIQ . _ u ' . ;-J-'T~_ '5-,---.=-rt. was".-,.. t-9r-;-I-»n~ - .. 7 '~Mr. L; cter ..__._
Fir. Neue .__......
'leIl-lo1__..--
Mr. H=>l1nnnn__
II-ll GlIldI...__
---92-
i '
92
Howototu stilt-eutLE1'1>4
Eom-omnolts __________ __
' .1uL231957,
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