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lt ***.°°.~;""~°i. " .-it "..:.'§s-..o'e *2: u rem ' __ presen ve I-n"Tex??? 'as ils'g¥'a pertinent question, namely, thisinstead of basin: decisions upon briefs subrnittedby
litigants, the court briefs itself, usineyat times, mate?-rial not submitted to it by either partsybut selectedby the justice himself or by his law clerk who ma!
introduce matter which; according to Patmsn,'is."iIn~ recognized and non-authoritatlve.?F". .-"-+ '- "-
ii
c V 'Patinan said concerning this: _ 1' "-*7? -,1"-'-I J *5
. , . . Formerly, we had every reason to expect this zdecisions by our Supreme Court would be controlled 2.by the standards outlined bytheconstitution, the law, jthe facts of the _cas'_e and by_the sound reasoning ofthe "justices. In the past even though eve felt the court 1.had decided s case wrongly we nevertheless ielt that 5;we could understand that the court had a basis in the _irecord "oi the hearini in_th_e-case _for its decision... The difiicultinow arises from the fact that test "P
hooks, law reviews, propagandlstic material; from*
pressure groups, and all sorts of outside factors enterinto the_,1ormati0h_o.l s decision. Patman says ofthis that if the court in preparing its decisions uses ;-material without notifying -counsel on both. sides,neither side has-the opportunity to'1ne_e't the arzu--fments of these theoristsiand lobbyists.-' .
-Articles An-ent Anthoritntis/9,1-;-._-.-;.Q. ' _ _ , -. ,'_ ' .._1_ .___- _ -1-'.;92_- .___;_;".;--_-ii;-i-"To quote Patmani i ' I '1' '.r"f"_.,j,; ~_..'§*
>' L . .'I'he _Law Review articles, treatises, and so iortt'1,T
prepared and disseminated by the lobbyists command
no respect, have no standing as legal authorities, and
therefore warrant no consideration by opposing eoun-;sel. if the rule'were otherwise counsel sqoulcl boron-gdered helpless because their arguments ngould become-diluted heavily with extraneous miscellaneous inatte:designed to overcome the various theories advancedbfthe lobbyists posing as legal d,l.lLl!iDi_1§lé!.. =;_' T -; 1,?
- Bowever,'wh_atev_er the Sup_r_e_ine court says bee
comes authoritative Therefore an article publishedin a law revieycouldxbecome the basis for the law ctthe land once 's. upreme pourtjustice adopted it for
a majority opinion. even though the article in questionbe written by s second year law student _who has notyet cuthls eye-teeth, i-if-Q _ "- 4,»'_r,_-.i-=f_-, ft" 1;" r .='~r.:--' lif--,: 1 The problem hire; it seas; to'd1e,i§A"i{ot "lentilwhat material tbe_'1ustices employ to form mi? opirl-11ons..as'_ that counsel should. know what it is so thltthey niaayargue a poini.__Qt-h_erwlse,__it WOI.i]d;I£8ll1to prepare a case, recognizing thatrthird briefly ' l -gag submitted by an anonynious researcher, emp10y_ed!bfecourt and against. _whose__1ie_vys,,snd argumentsone would have 'a.chanee to_say_ ' u .. , ..*$.is*.Ei_°.P.===Y'* »
6 O OCT 8 19577300
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:1;-i,-- Research conducted by the Library tot Gonlgr_regardtng-db oi the decisions made by.mg_§1|m'e ,
,Court oi the United _$_ta_tes in antitrust cases iron 1820
rto 1957 discloses that innojantitrust case prior.-to IMO
_l1s'.d the Supreme Gourt cited as--an authority ninj-
Ieview article .o_n_the point in issue and upon which
._it_re1ied ior decision in ethe..casel ii0weve' ""r, thev- 92-has shown that commencing in 1940 the inuence oi!
law-review articles and or other publications has groin t
steadily with the Supreme Court oi the United Btatel
I in its consideration and decision in antitrust cases.-hf.'~ - ' 1 ."?~'~;;.'.# '.r.i'*- ' =?:'- 9Element _ of Surprlsen. -_.=,-.-;
.. Do thejustices always know who wrote the articles
in the law reviews; Are these articles always signed?
Bo the justices study tl'_ie_backgr0imds oi the men who
wrote those articles to cetemine whether what they.
3 say is_basedfupo'n sound scholarship or is propaganda
tor a cause? Representative Patman makesthe point
that in two important cases._ the citations, one from
, the Harvard Law Review and the other irom the Yale
}Law Joumai bore no signatures, the authors oi l-bl
material being anonymous. Perhaps the justice of the
Supreme Court who used these items in his opinig
'co1nmunicated with the editors oi these pubiicatioue
to obtain the necessary information. But counsel -tor
neither side" could know in advance that these items
1-inuisl h. nlthri In n nrnwnilinir Snnreme Court Ijgcislg-Q.w_IvIll92l Ilnv fvI:'an92l 00: -I gv-'------Q --r_--- 'i- .~_
' There is anpunnecessary element or s_urpris_e which
eouid cause a miscarriage oi justice.- - -- j- Q-_
I Lawyers spending months preparing briefs, at
enormous expense to theirciients, -are suddenly faced
by an article in a law journal which neither side may
have read, ornotfced or considered wo1'thwhi1e.1 In tact,tor all we know, the justice, in _a Summterlm,hipsgij have written the anonymous ar e e _ cgnqweites as__authoQtati_ve.;_ It is not s !'lT!"|"5Hctice_.'-1;;
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HFEST CQURT you watch i'rom- intellectualije'g,§§,;'*{,j
» OFFICIAL SA YS
R ec e n t decisions of the
United States Supreme court"' outrage pub-
lic co m m o n
sense in treat-
ing c o in m u-j
nism as mere-
ly a n o t ti e r
shade of opin-
ion, Louis C.
Wyman, New i
Hampshire at-
torney gener-al s id last 92 {ies
his," he said:qEt 92
coals on the living room ;
r as some kind of tele-
on perforn1ance_one thatnigh
liv H
vi| _____ _t__ __._£1611; and was upheld by the;started.'! "_ ,_ ~ " J
_ Wyman spoke on the Manion
forum, broadcast over radio
1; station W-G-N and the Mutual
Broadcasting system. Clar-
ence Manion, former dean of
the Notre Dame law school,
introduced Wyrnanf'
Manion noted that the New
Hampshire legislature directedWyman to question a univers-
ity professor who was accused!
of teaching communism. The
rotessor took the ith amend-
United States Supreme court}
sions " distressing, disturbing,
and alarming."-_ .
"I92 am talking," he said,;
i force to d8Stl'0y__AmBI:iC8
s long as there is no i ite-L
ent to action; that de aFate hirnsel.£."_ M. __ i
Wyman called such decl-!
" about those decisions that?
deny the states the right to
defend themselves with crimi-
nal laws against sedition; that
ifree communists "because of
an interpretation of the Smithact which legalize: advocacyedit Zdpento 'c'ouzY
dential reports to the FBI 0!
witnesses called against them.
Far from feeling lorry
for witnesses wh 1'"""'-'.'.I"'~ .._-.--an-=1--_._,-;~_;
- Mr. _S /W94 M4 ' if
M -"*
Mr. PI"°' ""_ t
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Mr. '1amm---
_ Mr.
Mr.'11-ott.es'.----
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Hr. Holloman.--
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--wIZ_t - ~ 1 in" A I! NTTOBUR u-. P E-Rs RDS, rlrgg lzgutthgllltl $1: sel for defendants[-the-anti COPY SE _
o re use to-answer relevant, éourteouslygsired questions in the secur-f ,. - _ _ty eld, it is long past Ed|t|hat full wrath of an arouse "
merican people descend onbate -OCT 7 ' Q57those who are so contemptu- S * 1*
us of their responsibilities of
citizenship. I _ 1
" The witness has only
answer to cure the record. g eiis not being forced to incr' *O
ate the right to ask es-
ions in aid of legislatio to i Lgurb subversion in the tub, ,ages L7 CoL_/ J.
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L
tor CLii:l2N§ ! I 5' '3Dliiw OI _M,_, / ;4L.¢.¢;.» ...~_til-'» - ,,:.....:92'|RiERRED/FiLE AND iiiinttu
|¢ 3 »;>7:>f6"'
HQ? HEGQBQED
141 OCT 11 1957.
-="'. . Y -' .' .- ;_" J, E ';. '>_ r-il nmsn DAYS:,, _ _ 92_-. ._ i .92 i - - Q . .A
e lfracticbi l_ ,.. r ., .z Fr soowxv
er" rnt.'_cor§'rnot"ei"tsr tnntis nrisini oresammme Court, Representative Wright_Pi92tma1; or
' Texa!"a..s' rats e'"li pertinent question, namely, that
instead of basing decisions upon briefs submitted byit litigants, the court briets itseli, using, at times; mate-
by the justice himselt or by law 81'»: wi£5'£=15§
introduce nintter which, according to Patrnan, is "um
recognized and non-authoritative. 1 92 it: u -it Q
. F--T Pitman seil Eoncemin: this: ' "'45 " ~
_ ".-,,Fo1f1ner1y§ we had every reach to'e!9':ot't.hl!'
~,_ decisions by _our Supreme Court would be controlledby the standards outlin by the Co titution,"the iswi tt§e'_1acts'o1tthe case and the sourli ressoninh at the. .2-','3-justices. In the past eve though we Ieit the tent; P
i had decided a case wrongi . we nevertheless telt ths.t*';'.__w'e could understand thitt the court had L basis in
--.;l'Wecoi;ti_'o! henring in thecase _i'or its declsionJ,'-3?, YI'he'i:il1i'icu1ty'now ii-We seamen. net that onerial not submitted to it by either uni-tv- hut selected]
H'book,§, law reviews;""iJropags.ndistio'.'. materiel
g=;_pressu.re groups all soft: ot_ ojutiide factor_s'l err _* into the foi_"n1uiion'_oi is. jiecision.-ti Patnnin - ear -i4.
this that it the oourtin prepsrmi its decisions _-hr.¥mt"?rialt without naurvmi "eminui -Oil both" " 4_~ neither sidehus thel5Eporiunit1_. m§et._ ' Tarintents ottheie - _r rand lob ' - 1, -I V: in I W ,_.'_9 __, _iiJib,
Iv
ii,,..
i prepereiljnd 21 the_1obi_:yiste eomntarurnoirespeeiihavs no ataudin asi_ei authoritieqarri therefore _ar'rent_ne_eonaideration hi;aei. would heron
tilered helpless beeeueil then e_1-gurnlna !ouhl._I.aec-21"..
4 diluted heavily-with extraneous miscellaneous matte. designed tooyercomejthe -nu-10' " ' advi_§nced 5
the lobbyistgposin: as legal an -- gt; an
:1» However, whatever ways be-a
comes .authorit_£t_ive. Therefore an article publishes
in-aiawreviewcouidisecomethebsslglortheiewoi
thrimd once s Bupreme court justice tdopted itm
a msiority oinion, even though the_srticIe,in questing. be written by a eecond'yea.r law ludent Ibo hni no
_ yet cut his eye-igeethr *_;;i;;.?r~;§¢isi~;_§__;:,,92'-!:,§,;§§;;;,;"¢- _§5-
, . 1 _Tne_prohiem_here_, it seemsto me. is noted mod
what ninteri thejusticee employ to Iorm their opini
ions, as that "counsel should knovuwhst It 'ie' so the
they ma; argue s point. Otherwise. it would seen; tutilito prenare a "case, riecognizing that a third brie! would
he-su.,...itted by en sno_r:y:ucus reseurcher employed hi
* thecourt and sgainst whose views and arzumentant.
' one wbuldfhave s. chance to say enything. Patman
made no interesting observation in this connection?» t
'.--1 "Research"cehductedi:§yf__the llibrari otorigreiiregarding all of the decisions made the Supreme
Courtgt the United States in Antitrust cases from mi
. to,195'i diecioseis that inno uhtitrust case prior to 194!
-ha-d_ the'$uprsie_,5Qourt citeciisian suthority alaw-
. revieg article on-the.pomt-inftssure and upon which
At reliecfqr deciiiiop in thetabb. However, the stud;._- hi;92_i shown at ooniniencin in iii the inuence oi
Qiaw-review articles and oi other publications has growl
steadilyiwith theiupremei Court or the United Statenin'i_tsconsi:ier;ti'on mu decision in antitrust caee§;.'-._!;- .1 ._.x'92 " .'_ v_.~ - - ,§_-. . "'1
Element 1 Sn # "1*- 0 i rnr -1 "H: I--Fi *T~"'~'-*"1-T..--='-**- iii-=~1-.§'" it
_ Do the jl.18U¢_e3 always know Rho Wrote the's.rticied
inthe iaw reviews? Are these articles alwsye signed?-
Do the justices study the backgrounds oi theinen I110
. wrote those articles to determine whether what they
"eey is besw-'upon sound scholar-shire or is-prone?-nda
tor a cause? Representative Patinan rnskes the point
thst in two important cases, the citations, one from
the Harvard Law Review and the other from the Yale
Lew Jo_urm_i1 bore} no signaturesgthe authors -oi the
ma.terial_being anonymous. Perhaps the justice of tho
Supreme Court who used these items in his opinion
__jeon1municated_,with_the editors oi ese publication!
' to obtain the neeess information. t counsel 1 e v e rt" 92 ='
neither side could . ow in advance the these items
_ would bec_ite_§i_in a prevsiiing Supreme Court decision.
1*_Ihere,is_si1~unnecesssw element of mrprlse which cun.§e'a'm18¢srriage oi justice!; .-cute»; e _.e..-itntyggsseptpmg month! hie}; ItAeriprrrious eXP¢Ii80_ to their clients, are iildde? facedby an article in a low journsfwhich neither ac" " '1 e.92..-' $3{here reed or noticed or considers» reortm-rn.u"e. ;. cu face,
; qJi_we khow. the Justice, in eisummer niood.
himeelfjtisve written the anonymous article which hie__ w_ci_tes_ usguthoritiitive. It is not s sate
"92l:'Y_§_w'p
N.Y. JOURNAL AMERICAN .
WET 8 E7
1 I 195?
KX/ I Ml. Bnqrd
/ MI. Helm:-;
In
Patman
using,
by the_m___92
Mn
P
Mr. Lin?-r,
Mr. P;."1=- h-T-_-MnEH ¬&FfI-Ir. ___Court Guilty of :n.$&n_n
Unsafe Practice :11- N~nHe~_.__These Days:
in?§$E$::By George E. Sokolsky u ' C
01;, NY Journal American, Oct,
/kr;FJ E! f'! é31;}<;;;
the controversy that is arising over thedgupreme Court, Wright
of Texas has raised a pertinent question, namely, that instead of
an-2|--I.-.vu-| W 1-92---I A-Pa |- -pa-I-_ _.a-n-L L.-.-.-'. _§- II-_UULD-I-LII-AD 1.-opus; I-l'LJ-¬ILB is Qlivil, UUJ-U UJ.'J-UJ-II Lb-3U
at times, material not submitted to it by either party, but selects
justice himself or by his law clerk, t I
The difficulty arises from the fact that text books, law reviews,;
propagandistic material from pressure groups and all sorts of outside
factors enter into the
the court in preparing
nn 'hn'l-In nil-'~rn r9292Ill lJ92l llluln 92IL92.l.9292-Iformation of a.decision. Patman says of this that
its decisions uses material without notifying couns
+- maiI-I U ll-LU U
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. ui92 I G-ll Rev. 9-7-Se!
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'92 .>" ->-t.t.-...s.l;.-..--
"As Donor Tender
r . -.-:-:-re; ._.-~.~--.*':e»:';..-.,,-¢:=-_.~:. - By Rohert I_!_o1;gf_vI'n .
._WABHINGTON. Oct.- most lmpenetreble. inscrutable,
imnremahle sanctum -in. thiscapital is not the I. §. I-_ dfthe
See:-et Service orthe Central.
Intelligence e-or _the_W1.=1.t.e How-7 K -~eL";;=*»-1 '~
Washington: moat unen-
proeohnble holy of hollee Le the
staid paneled eonierenee roomin the heart oithe white Ver-
mont fmarble hulldina at
.houser]th_e Ugzited States -rpreme which will con-v for its new term-
- In this room-year after year
are hnmmered out deelslons
which have the most profound
inuence on the llvee od the
- J can people=-rulings that
aeet their customs. their eul-
ture, their. commerce, Industry
and nance. their governmentitself. Yet the dramas that are
enacted ln this room are for-
ever shut ol'.L!roni the eyes of
1 F °"*F14°"""14- :~f-e'~_ Sonata:-7_ Ior Nlnef. l
._ 1,nenien,e.ndnlnemenon1Y.
assemble In this room.'_I1 the
rgglrhutobeopenedhtaareoeive~__. e message or pe some hurt book that he?e;een "sought
"tor reference. the knock £e.||.n-ewered Junior Justice.
That ll .cuetom. end cur-
.'rent1y the world: moat distin-
eulshed and lglcheet-peld door-
man is Associate Justine Charles
Evens _ Whittaker. erstwhile
hum t: lawyer, wlgojpokhis I111-or on__t-he InMl!'¢h,_ t_ 92_l:"b *_j'jT I.~' Because there}: 116' glimpse
this. l°9m- 319$ 197.0-I11
h en"occe.a1anelinetI.-'*k".-the Jwrklnae at the
__ eme Court have lblipme-; vetery to manyD . oulhln nutllder
ot know. at tonecon!ere:'me,the|toryaf
oourtworh/lee!" 1§e=§'.:;*§#; -:1 I.]I 92
I - _,
gtésea
' ;%»
loot.
l During the eight mmthlithltiwill fogow laeforre the next run :-J
met: in June; the routine
;eee:eteeeeee#,W1I.1 sit publicly £9 1umd,dowpj_
&.a_e__e1s1.one.~nonaey-n "decima-"mu Two iveeki we o1'.e:92oh_i.;th_-_thfe court will also sit
nublitli £rom..'Iuesda9"n-ouahThursday to beer erg;|.1n1enh_i.n.T7
theoaeee9nu1eee1ende";._;___92.l
_- _I?n-lee! Conference I -i .
may is llpo& day-nli
This is the day the nine justices
meet 1n_ their sanctum o Chlel *
Justice Earl Warien'|_ omoe toil
maie their decision; "tn, eaeeegreetand small. ti"-Z H"--',, "'
At "11 "e." m. the Justices
dressed in busmese suite. lather,
lathe conferefnpe room. Ind, es;
lej traditional. ehake hands
with eaen'other.'=The Supreme:~
Court ls n hand-lhakinz plepe. K
Custom ao preaerlnee e. round »'
of hmdsmkee when. On Mon-1
c1are,'the}Justieee,enter therobin: room to;don their black
robeetor the D1-1bllo'leeelon.. 41-i'-it
The mnference bellnl with.
the Chief _Jl'1stlee" introducing
the ret case on I. llet 0! cues
up tor decision on the per-
tieuler Friday. Without in .
;1'921ntlon he crnreeeeehle oom-
ion. Then 1'lB_Il81dl to the
senior associate-justice,
rmr Jusllqe Hum
who rive; hie
yield! to
aenloflty
1l.ne...On _
eaoh__.'|ustice_ ll ell
press hlmeell llnlnterruptedli
tmtll. nally, the Junior juetiee
has had hle en. Then the
open for armament.
. the moment -49>-4% Q!i, _. /
<W~9v
"~/"%*g'E§; -,.§_- _ N" Y 1' Mo
wmthdcnm
{theW " ' eons ~, -Ill I
COB V
Gllllll Q-1-ii-_
otter -..-._-..._.
I-v-ex--
*" Teie. Room __
Holloman ..._._
Gandy W3._..-~ 1.1 ' 1'
I
i
the
senlqr Justice
MQ-z Z. ".'i_-7';_-'--;' " ~:."' 7.
Chief Juetlee Vim-ran has
rule-qf_-thunab for designing thewriting or en opinion. _1"or one.tmngagae token ca:-e.not to;IJ i. ver any one Justice. On
the other ha.nd,"he tdea to er."
range tor each-justice "to have
nu teir,ehal'e otlmporton
Oplll-OH-8.1""; 7"»; _i~'_ .-"*-'_';_. _.{ __
e Jrmmlmm some -*-5.
_Pr0bab1! the most imno
co deration with Chlet J "1ti . r.-robe, 1e-v- v~,...
.Wlthth.e
ll UFecollel.zu_ee. .~-_ "'I!1enihe1u1f_
Associate Justine ,'1$3 derlnl unanimity.
t
Zi_,_.
4
.. ,
it?
,3:
I '. ..T
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-r "
9-an
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1.. .1.
F.
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"er
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u
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5;
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K 0-ID HIV. O-7-58!
-/' T
K 1 1 .T751-fl 1-I Q-31..-,1_'.-?{.- fa UOD uh.!
2-
"*r"";-
1'-i. ' .1 . c I-'>-"-"-1..-"H-*-fr " ' '1-. -.- '.1"*.;-1;1.'.'» .; '.. _ f j:"Z _ 7" ~.T}-..4..'-, - ~- ~ 1 " .1-.< -. Q 'As Cal1nCenter of.Turm01ltt~_,92¬4 ,_4_1_ f Er, _ ;_» rt?-_r~V _; ._f;....:-f,d_._-: 1-ox."- 1..»___l_;.1b .5. "_. - V I. . ~ 1 By Dunleyb hear ';r¢mu¢.5u' in'118 eager. State court rules} the hnalde-
Lcenter of great turbulence.
1 "the rst day In the marb
wolumned, heavily drap
4.9 lawyers to practice beto
0115. . " ' '
L. e nine justices are faced
=Pwi an unusually heavy
qd et oi some 800 eases and
have already agreed to
re a.wq|,,..--..92.s..- 1- '-I» The only order of husineaa
e-One of the eases that the
ot to hear involves the Vir-
eeping its schoola segregated.
Lower_Federal courts found
the Act to be unconstitutional ed .chamber was tnc admiaalon oi mi virgin! 'PP°"hd' H an
l'Q.Supreme Court refuses to re-
, Court, bur __dDc"um-enuvview the case, the lowercourtdecisions jtencl. " 1. - _':':.§%:t ':z':.:*:%:.:..2"::;, H~w=»r.t==~ewe=1-M-=ney" General: ece asked the!Supreme Court yesterday to92Withh01d determination o the
eat tribunahhaa an opportunity
to rule on the same question
__1n a different cue. 1.. =
i The State court la scheduled
H hear a case bearing on the
p P1acement_Aet this week,
th a decisioifexpected early' December. - '
. Should the Supreme Court
.witl.aho1d any action until theJ Iii! itaaortai . . E92l:'::1hbe:lorieltl_1l:1Courtidec:;ie cisio:i1'on1lirhelgI::1ler tl pile:M u ' M w _a _di_ o argumen men aw va wou not ,.,,,u§,.{§§ u _t§:¥§f rug: will hear, it haa a workload iendered until after Virginianco of the Ummqm approaching. the 1:! caaea hotly conteated zuhernatoriai iii 1951-on term. "111 in-"It 1"¥¢="=1- =1¢¢."°E._ .; . ~i- . . _
i wniie controversy raged
"1: m::;- it-en: Lo recen yeara, e_ o - _ é - IHaelf appeared to be a placid l:.i:o_F 51$ é:a£.!:;f1f§;_ :m}%§ thgnstlrge 221:2: pitntdiggi 2:503"
placedSchool aegregation in Elliourt must decide whether or main 18; , 1|; the gubgfnltg.
lalracclln Virginia. - ~' ' ' -1'~
the court" brieta were
with the court clerk
y. _Attorne7a. who
epresent 5300
e Court
t Morton
or atomic p __. So_belI was to 3Q
year's imprisonment and." ll"
now in Alcatraz. He waa eon-
vicbed with Ethel and Jllliutmatter until the State: hlgh- Rosenberg the atomic spin"
who were executed in 1953.. 7?
The Court, which agreed
last May to review the con;
tempt conviction and $100,000.
ne imposed on the National,
soclationjor the Advance-'ent of Colored People bf
e State "of Alabama, also re-*
ceived a friend oi _the colu_'t__qbrief in this case. -- e 'O
'*= B
- Paraona
Hoaan
'r........ _
Trotter ..._i.__.i
Neale
Tole. Boom ._._.._.
Holloman _._____
Gandy __._._..__
@~'"r%.
-".=>;3.
.1-.+"~'
f:92 I _ _'..e. 4
4 1
-&- _,
*2-ti -
5;-..__;.-.--1
Zrz.-1
~.~..e:n' .'4" '1. ._,
'.1
-
»-.-_,1
.:. 3.;-._',."',,g|.-5"-.-
...-1-_.-a_
,-'v-'-'-g< S M.
.3=*"*;7 g»-Pi? A _J1}? 7- l.1-=. "_i._.,__; _
. hp ,~,
?';'
_.!.,5.-w .,
::']::I;;#.-_"::..;'."-it-_;_~;
Y
if? --- 5.i.'.- -
___.
924.
i
I0
- + =--;-er
7HJ9292 ".4J1. egpmir
Ark!-mil. . .' *
ticiem that hee Been
circles in Soviet Rueeie
termed the diI.-Whetwitheueeiem
orisupreme-..,;< i-4*. P '- " .;~;'i'
- LA
0! these oommente lg ceultie
mede-of the Supreme Court oi the
tetel in the monumental work oi
Andrei- Vishinaky-once Soviet
Foreign Minister but more famous
or Soviet Stee pueuenee by thethe BovietlAmerican eeire
Owl!
herb! it
etatorlei
oi the
iuqm
pleases;1 O-ll Riv. I-7-5!! _4 ,.
<3!i bl ' '
/
9201 /
N
Wit
lmont
llohl
n
omm ._____
Trotter ___.._
Neaee ___.__'.i
Teie. Room _£._
Hoiiomcm -_.__-.-.
Gandy ___.___.
, r/J
ee
B
i K ' '
Co; of New York moo operation
an _Americe.n' Council or .Leu-ned
uni ' 'career ea e iuriet Hie book, "'Ihe
the
e
is the fundamental textbook oi
tie:-eitiee eind in; schools I: 80:? twueeected ortrenaiem - ~,mariiy beeeu.-se itie the basil of mm at/the
Iezei erzument and mode or thinking which Americana,ieounter_i._n their discussions with repreeenuuves 0! the
;V_ I-,_._,-_ _r_._ ~07: ;___ r-If '-__ H. _" l ._»--.-rm-a--' -1 ' 1- Viehlnekyoted 3:-I-92-. 1*"»- Here is whet Viehimk; zvrote during the course at0 ______. e enniyaie of the legal qetemeyerloue_ooimtriee:,_.-{:~__.c?192i "1=.11== UBRE5 N-
In bourzeolf the
P1111! M 1I'l|3¬1'l'-lr ltlf-IN/E8 18 illrice neither the Consii -1
1; n nor/the laws of Conn .. ». t the interpretations ~most oeeee epm-om-ieteo toMum not msmmlue to mp. nstruetione of statutes
lien-nent. Thin. in the Uniteq
States oi America, according to
the theory of no-celled separa-
tion of powere. the mu-rte ere
granted the risht_to',interpret
{statutes or. in simple words, to
pontmi note of Congress in re-
epect of their eonlormitv with
the meanlnl oi the Constitution.
=11! B, statute or p single perm-
greph thereof ie admitted tobe in eiiniet with the Consti-lon. t is glued unconsti-tiomii. end ererore inopera-
ve, by the oourt, and no rights
pen tor the future be based
upon it. Time. theriaigta oi the¬'»i.".'i';i.»§° ? it? PPM MD 92 8Fe-re an " '*°"""o it ~ 'P =3-iii" ;:;.-:L*»e'- Ie Supreme Coin-t, ere in J
in most mettere--the open-
ive rule. Constitutionei control
the Supreme Court at the
tedteeeihueinlloilro-Fate; new 1ezie1e_tion._-
N "nirereever; it must peii A
ih iudeee opposed inf
Irvlli are nominated" by .
Pfelident. with tneteeeent
oi the Senate: the house M.
Representatives, has no ,pg_.rt _ -
*.11.¢.u==»11.=*===.=11* Oiirmsi- "In the Bqviet Union. its '
Court 11
dielei tupctionl,F. c .[,;,-git?
6 2 - I 7;/.¢"A-
NOT RECORDED
in our 15195;
Wash. Post and
Times Herold
Wash. News
Wash. Star
N. Y. Heral
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_.._.._...._
American
N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Daily News _;.
N. Y. Times
Daily Worker __.______
F
. !-
._ gm
. +2 ',_''.' . x92. f1S192-_f_-_.: .4-y-Ff:
_ - -_'_ I
=.:'sI_»- -~'_ .
.'-' "lief-.{
_____, _'.'.:..--. -. vi:
ii" ._ - a:s:'{,- _¬:e=f».=
_..,:- ._. ...»=a' . ..~.-'-,~;,_____.__I: --;_».'=»..
»,_-j.,.-,,- e,-*_
'I A
._...-.'c
_._c
. ~
_-__ _~92»I = -. ".2-»-T_;e-;.e-
tee.»
def-=*Z e-5;.
..,-,.- -_- ~11 .-<i?-'~¥-':e"*
3., '_&J. '
3' 5 :7? i '-"r-
a_ '2' -'
. I -
n-.---92
: . _,,.l 5; in ...r- .~.iniueut-lie Co ' 'lhtotel. The "
lierielatio- interpretation.
llnstitutlonal _ame.ndment u no_ Presidium at the BHJIQIIIIQ;
soviet, a noun oi thirtyeaeven
IIFITI-1S'lIlCnIie V18.l'.1-T-II-I-Q OUR GIm l
mm the people. uiererm-e, e1-H
pontrol their own des-
" .011: could argue withhim
that the Presidium is a dicta-'-torshib and only tiieereueeuyi
responsible to the pecpie , . Bu;
the answer any Soviet scholar?
probably would give today histhat in America nine men, con-Jstitutini I iudicial dictatoriip,
5 set forth "the supreme law ofIv
gthe land"'and tlie people, heve
fnothing to my about it except
" through this Mil and cum-
gbemome process or unendingathe Constitution to correct the
;_err0r oi a _ _Bupre1;ne Court
¢==>-so .~; ~ e -a§'-; . its M.
. .'m.ez_u1e' otlieridey Stanley retired Justice oi the B92i-
preme Court oi the United;
States and one 0! the nine. who?
ation decisions of 1934. mode as
speech b£1O{_B___ the ' California;
' State Bar Association in which
-e. wrong decision by the Bu-pre court oi the United
Ste. . He indicated clearly
that such 1 decision is not
negiesss-1'l13_ .18 mill T0111. nd
ed:-'/92._. §;.' . ;i The ciivii-rights decisions o!hihanded down the dc:-egrega-E
aha outlined the remedies against
Lthe Supreme Court have 0
cg those. who; iudicial par
.¢1¢r;;r¢n;wt <1. . ..Jorth harshly worded criti¬is:m.!!
ris r > _ J! a /1
r: thine that 1e;1"ii-atendment does not forbid.
FOTWBIMU; wrong decision-1]are not injemedlable. I'he_cver .
ruling oi constitutional,-deei-"'
Jinn-I when their error
iepparent ts euentla.l.", ,_,, A "-._ Justice Reed went on torn}
there is nothing new in such.
criticism ct the Supreme Court
_d he quoted Thoma: Jeer-]
on. Andrew Jackson and Abra-~. Lincoln. m nu rst in-'92
|p,u¢'u:|l address, Lincoln cl-kl: T,
, "While it_is obviously pm-l
Bible that such decision ct the
,B1-IP1'erne Court! may be E110-1
neous in any liven cue. stilllthe evil eect following it, ee-iin: limited to that particular}
case. with the chance that it
may be overruled end never be-
come a_ precedent for other
cases. can better be borne than
could the evils c£_ a -dine:-entiPI'lctloe.'-'. .;-. 1 -">1."-.-I "3. Yet there are those who in-lslst that whatever the Suoremei,
§Ccurt say: is nal and irrevoc-H
able and is the law ofthe}
;ia.nd_." instead oi the law 0!
ithe- I:-.ese=" whet il.meri.can_s,'ne to know is more ut
the own institutions the.
we esses thereof as vie by.tour wn statesmen An tori
ll-tweliaebyluriete ebro .;'Q _19_§7. N. Y. Herqld Tribune Maj- ~-e-VJ-
-we_, .i._r'~|-.-1--1-I.h._p_jr_._¢.1_i:*iri_Q-. _ .,9!-r--."=%;-a$;.*r;.2.v§§?"ii=2~92F¥§i-*.*=.s¥-. '*:43'f-t**:.;= +-1.1.1-e. 1;. .. -i _A .
r '-. ::*.;-*>i. _..';~~ -- »".'='_- ,.'.'_. 1;-»f*,... ,. - _ 4-A _.. v%.NatIl92I!oridRqII'I r =1 . . - .. .. _ i . _ . < ~~.» "
. 1- _: 11.3.12." 1. _ -__ E --j . =-- .._ J" "' "7 ~ 7 .77 77
pSUPREME_ COURT R_l.ll.lNGS CRITICIZEQ
lav BAR ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE
;., A o 7- W ~_ i t--r __ ' f" -I ":'
. L - T f. K .--
L
tienioolrsotreoentiuprerneourtruilnpscnd
I istheCetntIeonlngteeI|Ibodrworriitl.
'deIentlingtl92eorelieoirigl|leolCemnwniets?
O AretheCoot't'srIeeisionstyinglhehusrla
oHhei.l.S.Gevernrnentogolmt Communion?
Following ore excerpt!
mode to the l0th nnnuci
American lot Association on
I957, by former Senator Herbert I.
O'Conor, eivainnon oi the association:
Committee on Cornrnunist Tactics, Strategy
ondoblldlvelr '
hlotlcrnbistoryilllotl
oirepuhliuwhidi
ineaibypoi parties.
3upremeTri.btma1nethat tlt':N conspiracy
agsimttirveryezistenceoftiteerman
Republic.-The Kerensky Government ti
Russia thought it ooultl tolerate and oo-
ctist with the Communist conspiratori-
1heCommn1ist:sresponcledtotistulua-
:lonbyr;l:lZshandit1gtheg1;ss§ihin:tAn::-ayat yonetpoint est:-oyingnewbonne-pubiicdi92unis.Therepublics '
clCmer:hoslova.kia,PnlandandChinats'iedvaliantlytoco-
exist unistPartyintbeirmid,st,butwere
W
Ml._. . i __&.. ._.,_ _,_ . . ____ _,___i
. stA_ ~_ 7* e if 1 ._ ___C7_s-also _ A~1-|as~ 7 re.-7 - .-___.
| w .._ . ._
U.S.Newsi92l'/orldllepert ' ' " '
<t92 N3jig! 1
t9
E-_-
9
F
1#1
»:--1.
'I4~L
=,_.
.5,, _,___ ._ ..__A_.-_:;s_ A- ;;"_%e_J~',-_- ,,~;, 1r..sr.-s_snsss--_--a-r--~* - ----- -l---*-v'--"--~" " '
.jr_
. " 1,-,r{92,._- .~- - _- J 92- ~ -Q-v-X:tishepsvwnekqnny --f ~ _- ji _;£_9'Q 5 *' y i_ n; n _______1__ _--1*?
I!Il I_ __-__I__ ._:_._.92_._ Q_ !__-__l.Q__-ll.0 i 0 ' I II I92ll'IIf FFIIPII W "Iv-I'I'§I
convictioooliacherafeuttemptiorsoltrslngtoteillhn
SenatePern'l.enult ll1vesti|aliIsttlStslJ||:tIIMliItll1lrlll'lel'lll
wasorevei-hadbeensOommunht. '-
1'heCotnsnun|st'DallyWm-!nI'descrihedtis|eIee:sitliuedecisionssslollorvsi
"I'heC-lsurtdeliverudatrlrsle-lwan-eletlattachon llsl
srimentel s.nditsSmlllaActtrlalr; l!tlielsee-
congress inqulsions; end ! the hntdui
yalty-security prugnmoi thesecutive. Ialundl3r,]92tne 11,
isalseadyehistnsiclandrnlerh-..."l§se|:tsrIi'|Il0hl'lioneoiousworstperhd.s." ' -
Thcwatitinsoasedecided fa-
ecngzeliooll rsmmittee,ests
on-American activities, to ask
tiuneonoemingpersorrslmown
oftl92eCusnmunlstPo|ty.
rt-
!
-
i
r
E
L:-1 he-T i
67
tr .4. _--1--1
==w;Je- .,
a1,.
i
i
i; ::---_---r»~:=;-=1:rW ,_
-/ T 7
92.
ll
HVr--- . '~ e r " - ' -
l.l.S.NewslWorldR¢P0l't - >~ w. -. -»
-q :7
. . New lows should he prsssed to "safeguard the lill files" '
permitawitnesstohavehtslawyerpreaantandevontoconsult with him before answering each speeillc question.
U. A H01,-alCommlarlo|1canrequlreallcoI92esI'neditthe
inquiry, including witnesses. to take an oa
The questioning by the Cornmissirn can
since only selected cs ts lrmn thl lltllorrymade public,ttisln92p$bl:nirrrowwhethesalairaelec-
tiun was made. Most congreslional committee hearings are
public and open to the press.
1'. A IloyalCornrnisaioni.snotsubjocti:oorunderthe
contrulolthecourts, Par-liamentorIaCahlnot,andn
Commission "is the sole judge of its own procedure." Con-
gressional committees are completely subject to Congress,
and they need the assistance of the courts In dealing with
contemptuous witness.
Wedwt lwwnmr e=.sttotttietmgeiii practices,but cite them to show wit: other fIO0 tII.'t't-lvlfgliltltlll do
to protect their secwity.
__lLVhct legislation ls Necessary
Our Committee deems the bill introduced to overcome the
eect of the Steve Nelson decision to be in the uhlic inla-$. Serious consideration must be given to leglsllon which
1. Safeguard the condential nature ol the EEG2 Civ t ntressi al It the ,. e 0 con on , cornni!..ee! _,- some ..___orc
to investigate Communists and pro-Communists that these
committees have slwsirs had to investigate businessrnen
and labor leaders;
3. Sanction the right of the Federal Government to dis-
charge rislts even though they occupy so-called
h0t'l5Ei'iSi.l1l.VC positions;4. Vest in the Department of lustice the right to question
aliens awaiting eportation a ut any subversive associa-
tions and contacts;
5. Correct the notion that the Smith Act was not in-
tended to prohibit advocacy and teaching of forcible ovpr-
throw as an abstract principle; |
0. Permit schools, universities. bar associaons and otherorganizations to set standards of mernbership high enough
to esclu-:!e tiara who refrm to test-ily Ererdtly and §92.:..,
about their past activities in lurthertmoe of Communist
plum to conquer the free world by subversion.
lo recent weelrs the New York Dally Worker has
replete with articles and editorials proclaiming that
fulness of FBI informants tn future prosecutions has
rhpyed; HE! Ee Qnulh Act is now ineilective a
practical purposes invalidated; that the ellectivew 1
gressional inqulri into subversive ha been cur-
tailed and that the Government loyalty-security program ll
under serious attack. In rcportin on its current fund drivethe Daily Worker" has stated it has experienced an enliven-
ing of CGl'll1'il:|uti0n.s which it attributed to renewed hope by
its supporters for its future.
The reaction of the I7'Irty in the 11sce|1t§uprBllI
Court decisions clearly depicts the resilience of the organiza-tion and the speed with which its lmdershz rcognizn an
advantage and press to capitalize to the llest extent as
circurnstanoes conducive to the growth of the organization.
Some Americans may wonder whether an organization the
size of the Communist Party, lJ.$.J92., Wlt a octrtslstent di-
cline in membership in recent ymrs, represents a danger in
l3I -loldothis rssuntry. It||sr.r.stls1s_hsI|ns1':r vatltlsatnuttssemevu-ythit. DIV-'larytnemhershipbutrathcmyotnttnually
cottlneltlmemhelirxigphard-talemetnlrus l:oComrnu.rti linedcwnthmuds
andwbnesnbereliedupontaoan-youtthepsrtfs
tlsclutquestltzls.
ttoe believes that special men
une3,195'l'.deciaiontitlso
ln]enciao.Unit¢dSlalel
sequentsl troducodinCongresetod
ni.leannuuncedbytheCom1inthatcase.
lntl'te]enckscaaetheCuurtheldt:haturteUnited Statesdacrtsninal oenaeil mtitled
purpolelotinqraclttment, prior statements andreports
theprosecrls'm_witnesseshad revlouslitna>demt.l1eCovernmentarsdrnhhhlouch uportt.he|ul:|]eetdtelrtest:lmonyat
tlsetrial.Furtha,tl'ied.el'enseneednotllrathyafotm-
dationolinconsiaaent testimonyinca-dertoohtain production
ofther-edncunsenb.
Wesreinnnagr-eementwiththeCourt'svlewtl:iattheaccused's right to make In adequate defmse mu-st not lsl
jeopmlizedbyanarbltrarywltliholdingolpertirtentdocrs-
rnentshytheproaecution.
Weareequallysu'onglnourbelief,however,t3uttherula
by which thesedocumentsareproduoedslwuldhedened
withsuilicientresh-ictioritltatoneaowsedtinibversion
sgainstthil nation s.nditspeoplewillnotl>eal1owedtortrm-
mama at will throng Government documents
cormderttlal lnforrnation important to the natitmal securityandofnorelevanoewhatever-tnthedefenseoftheuxnrsed.
Tlsereisdanguotsueharesult.
Grove Ernsrgancy" From ltullng
'HseAtt0n92eyCena'a1bi|nsellteItiedheloretlseCmsgro
onlyrecently,doelartng&ratag:raveernergencysesolted
from the Supreme Court decision in the Ienclrs case. He
aascrtcdthatsotnet|'ialcmtrtshaveinterpretedthcg:nchs
decisiontorequirethattbeCover1-imartsubrnittu de-
fensenotonlythoeereptrtsandstatententsspededlsy
the Supreme Court, but also tbeinveatigatclve report of the
caae,muchol'wlsichlsneither relevantnormaterlaltacthe
deter-..=ec!tMeor.-'.........92-1
We believe theeectolsuchinterpretsonsistnweslr
immeasurably the p and necessary defenses of society,without @'l.l1t1ln tontlgaotused any additional informationwhich be rightgullly needs to make his defense. We aha
point out that the investztgativereportssometirnes oontainthe
natndofthirdpersonswhooriginslljwerelinledtothe
case in a manner subsequently foun to be lnnoomst. To
releasetlienamesoitlieseirinocentpeorgrlromtltebondol
Govertssnentaecrecywmtldnottwomote interestsofjustioe.
Ontheeenn-ny,.itwouldbetni|ssticeo{themnlrestaost.
Aeecrdinglywebellevethatarmstandshouldbetsken
innrpport at legklaon, alread introduoetlin tbeCongs-est,which would recognize the 'r_ights of the accused as dened
-
P-
ll
1
l.ll|.S'.Neaal92Voridl¢|7O'1-"--~r *1 .1! rfy-ii rugfiz-..':-1*:'.£=li;*~r~r~:'. "~;:.* ',> - _._= y . _5 1; -- . 92; .- - ,. t -e !L92 1 9.
-1 ' ~ ,
2 F"? W ~ '1" _ 1 1 or ea K . W J
Jthot -hove tied hands of our country". __m_ -_. _ _l _.
_ .__. -_,__s_ . H_,.
e, 559'? '° "$@l""!!,..§!£"'l*.7" l '
GsairmanWri¢ht.hIsfelorvmembe|-soltlseolmntm
onCovernmentSeourl3.theatl92riaouy|roupandstaIoltho
Cornmisshnareontit tntheoornmendationandp-atitude
d the cidsenry for their monurnental undertaking, which has
hmne$dmM dypdmd.IthIi@t-
Htllllllltelllll e'otlIel!'todbyCl'ta£r|nanWright
andhisoolleaguostoachievetJ1edeairedioaltlGove'rn-
mmt locurity, at the same time nfeguardirtg the legitimate
intelts of everyone involved it the omaaidentious of Cov-
ernment security. -
This committee again oommends President George Meeoy
oItheAFL-Cl0ftI'hi|prcn|ptdeter:tionoitheoumtMeuh:wmmp tohisfellpw Alnerioansdy trytngto obusiness tth govenunentwliiohhasviolatedeverya mtlhatvillovelsilned. ._ We also Albert Hayes, oi the International
Association of Machinists, for promptly disrnls-sin three or-gllizerslnwho tloolr the Fifth Amendment when ashed by thetet SecurityShco itt bouttl1irCommn,r.¢on§T='.?1¢ah»,.§o."::"_?.§'oin=o;.eo¢'7é
Jhnneatlcanbfewlrudtheq oouragetocurrentC¢In-111
We desire to record emphatically our approval of the
organization and functionirsg of the two conpeuional cum-
mittees, which have [iyen special attention to the problem ti
subversive activ-itia, namely: the iienate internal92
we have observed the Con-ununlat ltactk-a
aw tom-neriosn lite and to the free world.
ttinj elort to maintains a iudirial
as impartial. resolute andIantlard oi justiceIf 92-Yll 92_
liierent and varyinl standards for
-I duties II violations applk-able to
Conuuunit problems as compared to other
iauea.
It mist be remembered that it is one of the cardinal policies
cl the Communist movement not to be concerned with ao-
tions, proceedings, charges or indictment! so rnuch as their
ultimate tleterrnination and consequences. For that rrasun.
the strategy of delay is employed by them in every case and
at every slap.
It should not happus that sound and established concepts
ol kw and standards are disregarded and dierent stundartls
employed simply bet-sue the problem involved Communist
activity. To conjure hypothetical lean not involved in a case
submitted In determination is neither sound iudicial adminis-
tratlon nor good government. Again; to quote from our brief
In the Q31-imunist Party cnoe, may we rrpmt, "9292'l1en.- nu mm-
ltittllimtl 0| statutory provision is violated, the Courts are no
more immune from the duty to safeguard the Itatitm than is
the Congress or the President. I
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['Y"W-""""=="""_ - ..n=~.<-o~--u.~/-.CQLELLJAYORS oua_an:sF1=na of the United
}e'onvictJ of non Gonnaan
leadlfl -' F. ".':.'-1;_;I -. _'
mm I. $ca1u_. _nad_ Claude I. Lilli-
'loot,'aantanced toprlaqn ternaa pl at: and
ve yam. respeevoly, lo: vloaatlna the
Sanlahcl. were tread hfthe Su|'ar~o1aaaCount oa grounds they wane
nolltolllea duringtheir 3 _,
,'Iha Supreme Court baud this aeon
qa a decision n! am June In mum 1:
{glad that a defendant mun he ien ac»
eaaataFBIreport|uaedaat1aabuia_!_nr
iraatlmony By prosecution adtneaaaa. . -
The I'M relies agreat deal on tips pro-
vla!ed_ by eondentlal info:-manta; and
ail decision threatened in hamstring
FBI laaveatillliona and endlnlere-1'11!
llaea of pea-aona who give inipnnatlqa tothe agency.» i -
Conireaaxpasaed a law in Augwt to
help proiect FBI file: against India-¢1"1IlWl/Itl perusal by deiendmta. but the
court aid the new Law did n a££ect.-Gcalea and'I.-ighoot becgpq 922:; wen-tried more than two years ago, T !92 - ltIope_ tl.1_95T-Baeaabnthll"v92akonano1d!am1araota:ltiataalda
§
71: Another dedalon this weelifae Bar '
Ire," °;;" ".3: &': ° *=="~:::m Will p aua, who -
to answer queationa
es A.-L'i'.!!'£5*;'3:~..e=.§!**-."r 4'! P!!-
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an '- __ __ an eel_ e _ '
Halnpahire cnnduehli by [mail C. IfIlia!-IMIEMY llerll in that Stall. ' "
The Supreme Cum mutant-to-it do
clalon of last June that nae:-and the enn-
lempt conviction of Paul I. Swoeay,
enor oi economic at uu Unherll _
Nev; Hampahlre, on ahaaihr char
Some Amezgicana Ipnder _lao1a mu
nler the United Siatea can survive
to S12?-e|:leCo1.artc>ont1aa1aaa1nru1aav - -or . 9 "#9 °°1'??'§'_!'_i;';};. ad-L
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Class. or
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- .1 ., ',, ..¢ -rowi' "l"|t$f'trti rt. nod tt=*~"..nt¢..,..- ....E:.... the pub lc to_ be protected fmll murderer,yftnlrsolloverlhl nuntry.- F- _" I '- ' -. 3 tn one fnmaui case the -supreme coo§ta1ee mlod that Flt les" ere lubiect toland if this had not been corrected bymmlall t|faltol'ous_eielI'Ienl woonllfwbeanqn lemme. " ,-xi. otherdechiomotnsurn wv t ..erc.eumIhayre not been carre;todl|L-eqislativa e K ' _ nd it IsLeiouhtfulthat all ofthem.oarl_ =.-: .' _-_ A {nun _wha'confessedto anllwas MW to _:leqth-aft-frugelurv m1le':':|flr:::~b;'| Lf!igni|1:::'sfh.:l'wee:| Lliilnmllxrwnaa hm ' r! . .e arraiqnme|it,'-wlzich l'!'ll"C§Llrl'ClI|il unnecessary _del'ey."'r_' Another has Seentvqice convicted of murder and sentencedPie lie, and bath convictions have bign_ruIed out try; thegot: liar-ts_ because of the mg kind of de|ay._f,-" - -A; _' ~._ outing occurre_d |nJ919. A m_an was trredve times forthe crinre and convicted three times, the lost conviction being+31l " I-Li?'a'.f|Z;' ti.-' ?n12?»%l."£'h.?;.' If "" "§"?1.i;$ . o sicrimlifal on the mung thathe hon not ueffen a speedy:1 I _|__' _ _-;. F1: 1,: V I i l_;_§= : .iejnother court of oirpeail reversal is that of a man who ton-fiessed ta rnurderin a olrL The ruling was that too long a time,:16 hours, occurred Lmnn I11; arrest and arraignrnenf ' 'M
|_ L ifhere is a long list oicriqtinols freed from itrosecution'formattr crimes because of alleged Insanity, amt than being" freedum Ill a lhort tlme_ from an asylum as-belno ' - 1P. The new court ruling: would require the arraignment and trial16? many innocent person; who nave! mey be held forja fewf,days_ ltnd freed when police detective wqlr reveals that theyare IHIYOCIIIT. Under present rulee if the poll:-earrest someone onIfeuspicion In order to .I'|oId him for inve'sti§|ation,, they muet_a_l:o immediately charge him _vvitl1' the crime else see__'o higherpourtfree hirg onalectgnicolitlg: " -~ -_|t is such condition; as se, where the eum make soirnany rules that iustice is unable to function so of thelpmrazel in clghich it Is_ caum, that leads to _vigitonte organization!low am -_'3o_|===nm. . "9==.,{hI. wblw w=.lp~_t~,=_t_ e --
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The Livingston Enterprise
Livingston, Montana
Saturday, November 30, 1957
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Hill Glndy..._.._-- »--92_-v-t-;'92=1g'*-92v¢I92-5'-'e:"y--r92:It'f'92¢ii:-; :!':I.-{§*' .._',__ -v92_i@akt!Up, Americans -_ ' -"" Z[. _ By Um G T e-m -. the 3- I-_" The i or Co th t tutu unllrjf,FEPOIIIIIBI of great!-n.t?or|Il 5110730" W ll";berty-loving peo 1. of Amen-[cl . . . or uni». I ll;man inlllnttel I; the peel, upon Ito melitberlfdevoive the relpoullbility of re |.lrh|.g Auterlun Initi-I1 tutionn ind providing our why Jme with badly needed!|_ || ' . '. _ ~ I : _ -Pf el'92:fln:1l;r. ngeneleu are it work to weaken or dart"!
ouri edifio? Ohfldllla Chief if tllelegi u I1? rlioni rityu pouertofacu B» B - -Q reme C01.lul'|- ?{ . It in not Coutmonilhcoutrolled, but
In reoent EH55: it bu tended to overthrow mllte 0|
our t-nee! eherieh-_d me!!!-_-t!@ gu£'m!e.-I|_ Ly J1.-E; Conrtitutlou . . . It hn nullified the effort: of Wt
ftlegllly oonstihied lmtrumenuiltien to rotect Ir - - .
gt: bu lrroglted to iuell rights and power: .n=92'er"1 llllglled to It - . . By doing no It bu become 1 three!
to our freedom from government domination-' Time after time the Supreme Court has deprived
our miter oi tho right to self-government . . . 1 hmii nude poulble the invllion of lhole ltllel by armed I:_ force; of this Federal gt:veFnmen:'l.m. .I:_ !|l:uim$dl:tlon our n eon-uep o gave en ore pa1., =.§?1°T...1 A ' mrien oet...ItbucriledI 111:8:-:?Enr]tg of the l¬ed:erllul,3:|rel:u of IIVOIIIEIUDI 3 ma J.
Ir
uongre an o pro tn rum our enemies. . . It bu turned loose on us, lulwernlvee l_n_d_tnit_or|
convicted by juries of their peer: under eatnbiiohod law
t he vlneu mutt ltop .-. tedlmlge must_lbeflplilbll---0I|.l] hn§IQllBlldlllllil|||Tb¬-|'B'fore, I ulr earl: reader to write to all melnbere oi
Congreu what eould be the moot important letter he or_l, rhe ever wrote. And Mltinll Irleudo everywhere to do;lllkewhm Something like thin I reupeetfully urge you;to do everything pouihle Io limit the lulhority Ind]power of the U. 5. Supreme Court, restore nutee righuand-u-Htllude formerly given the Fe lu of QInvestigation and congressional eommitteer to inventigeteu'bver.l°. Mn; .|92b-.51-ed:--at-4-.-» -3-_ -¢.92'~ -,
76DE61:'}¬957
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CINCINNATI ENQUIRER
Cincinnati, Ohio
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no-r nzconoili140 use H 357
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64DEC 1' 1957iiiiéiiiiiinét
Criticized
By K@@,!l%
Excess Zeal On
jllights Charged
,5-». .i=J..'-r%~ ri.':"-5: ;
¬_EF"hu enamnree the-Oeurt to pr-meet ---"PP-"92'
an =11! 0! the treat our
neople," Rep. Kenneth t-in: and tedii. - ' -
-The Roehelts Republlun.cum; lame recent. declllona
court. told member;Klwuzll Club that
lone altogetherbe eul to wuteetat lndkvtdue." '
we to Boften lulu i
"I lure no quarrel with thedesire 0! the courtthe rlghbl of inch
then." In-. Ken.
. . but the lulrnnee Inthe onnltltutlnn of the Individ-
uel pereonul llbertlel do notcontemplate the eel!-deatrue-tlon of those very liberties."
Rep. Keehlne uld he elvenwuuld defend the lnltltutlnm at __: NOT Rthe Supreme Oourt en theerhlter of the lew of the 1md,~,.b I; dded: Ofte "
correct the l-eperculeluns ofwme of Re decline. ~
He I-lid the type of deelnnn
hehe-clmmlndwuthereeent
ruling that I B. I. le: per-a_
Lelnlnrto the elmonj ofgovernment wltneeu would herto be mule eullable todefense.
_l.ower0vurle Ge'l'ee II_Be eeld the Buureme
did not establish any epeelczulde for lower eourhto followLnl-ntzrp the retlng deelelun. Some lover courts Olrrld It
aotuuhuelluwellklndeulup whleh
do wltl:
had touchooee between 110$-lng 1 cue entirely, w -iialdlng nlueble emmiutltlh
in its Prolecutlen, or runningthe rink bvlive-Iemenu'-
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Wash. News i._
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Tribune
N. Y. Journal-
American
I N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Dally New! 1
N. Y. Times
Dally Worker i..__.
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New Leader i-
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F ." """"F=--v.~.+~: -.- -~. A _ -=0. t_-.1 v.__=";, f"*_Y_J rwww:_*~Qeds Escape Smnh_ AcfNoose 1 bine 92 bad Cinmunistsfdomestie and toreign,
are celebrating another victory now-
adays. and laughing up their sleeves
att1'iaUnited States. ._ . '
F For it is evident now E it teeth!
beiore, that théSu reme Court vir-tually killed the Smith act's Rfort to
make it a penal otienae to teach the
violent overthrow of the governmentM,» -
Federal prosecutor: have dropped-
the charges against the nine persons
for who'm the highest court ordered
new_t1-ials last June when it made flu
s ge ruling. At the same time it
t five oi the 14 who were eon-vE?'d five years ago in Calitornia
under the Smith act. , -_ ,_ .._-_.- -_._,-5-.-,._4..L- --.- 1". _-
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What the court ruled at that time.
effect, 1: um it 1.1 all right to teach
the overthrow of the government by
force and violence as long as it does
not become evident those teaching
such a doctrine make no immediate
effort to incite action to that end. In
other words, as long as they don't pane
out rearms and bombs and say "Start
shooting today." _ - . .3 -
It there: any way Congress can
write a law to deal with this threat
that the Supreme Court 'wont throw
out, it must do so. In the meantime
it appears that the nation is defe
less a ainst the termites until s m g odeaths or - resignations change H33
composition of the colut . ._
THE Hous'ron'cmwu1cne at d Q it -_ -A
12/11/s1 ,-1'
Houston, Texas
en:-ron M. 2. wn1.'ren/ _~* _Inn-rneconoea
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rig 1.&|.92*" In nniin __ "|!'Dou|Iu pin in ma -.o mm 1% rm are-Zrn "mu mwlndn u F. I.-uubprtwholn§92ywrex1:t-erortl -I-<~ I? mnvlc ;et,!nr|erh92&l!o pa-opabilliv utuum6 nu I'll pro 'ln1i52,M.|o juud nublequet I 92-- in ordpr Ulhl gunply an neennu-y - bug! ¢onvletlunu11d!:-
- Wash. Post and
Time: HeraldI1
-'-I 7 [NDEXED _ Q . 635* n N. Y.'He:c|1d ._._._.- " --- "rm-*==- =-M»--H Q-9 ~<>1=~==°".°" m'L%'1"°1§§?»'¢ no m-1021 J57 N'A:§if:$°lTN ..-on $1: emu-m'u ' fm,'pm|g :61 ug. if , N. Y. Mirror _______._." - -1 N. Y. Dally New: __..__;_. "M "3' _ N. Y. Tm... __.___' ' Daily Worker ?_..
The Workn -i-
New Louder
92925 ZJAN 6 1950» *" =>==-1----
Iglw 0501 7 195;Wash. Nauru ii
Wash Stat
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given-a new denition: to@uble E by{person a a:T&eF degree 5 murder ca.nn9t_;rneh-1pdo§1_ihigherdeg1'ee." " - - - "_ The ruling yesterdray revened{ue .rst-degreejmu er convin-ron and death Jemenqe cl Ever-D. Gree 68. He had been In-In I;§53£0r'1st-degreemurder after his 1and1a_dy died in
. hi 1" 1-T. .'. _.4 Hi Wis nanvicted fol! mound-I, mur r, an;-I arson, butXIPPGBI-E41; lhsistl that d' th2-_tmm_A1-son -is '¬1Fnl-dl;Zreee;1ur-§e*~.."l&in_'-:".'.-'-1-"'~"-'=-. '
.iAAtl'h!s nJhi't|':-111'-he was km-ie -0!. rst-degree murderln senencecl $0 dpni. He againllipealed llmiar the comtituonglI mvisfon In the Fifth Amendrnent that M Jwranu shall hesubject for the same otfenje "10be wlwgwun Iwpuay a lifei elqbléeeJ56T=?¢efdv1e4¥%m-Q, _,._ 5
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I Auodne_Junt}c& Duugi_;|__',{wrote:--'; ',_.-.. _< - =_ e-;-F]l"Il"I|em1| 7'9I'|luTo £-QPfbf 1
hI¢IIleki;";
ndi law In
llnl Ind Miami Belch ho
The union eontends that
state ind no Iurlarhcon since
labor at-ten Ire under theNLRB 92¢ -- ,,. ~ .":=»-e-1|~...'7,,~a...1-1-»~,--P. ~Q? 3 -1-3 -' _irhe iii ipi 5.; I
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11,~.::1>cwrn 1'i5?~~ ~
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FOR?TAl _TJ. .3 13': sf; :::v:: owPACE
RE: LEG-I SLATI ON
RULING omémora 1
BUFILE - ./A J>rel!1§..C9|_1rj' Glv
:."1'.-5?:°rl2 §§.d?§f.*"'¥.E.. *= .;.°.=* "?¥-"*:1.":1@=$ @#%:;;:,1.,,*:.=~=;¢:===-= e _/ '92 . - --"* §i"1o?§'§° °m¢ °°"-p=°$l:m:=.§ J | .1"*_' ~+' 7} *1» I '.3 we - A W. -nit. "2! °--"°_' ' F» 191 DEC 26 1952on :__:_;:v _,92_ I; I!" / . 4
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JANEC
1/1"
I958JCourt to Sean*P.~iv&;gé in J GIR
Press Release
£ WaamrmlwsThe uisrune Coast has di-
rected the U. S. Court of Ap-
peals here to examine into the
question of qualied privilege"in ceD!92.»t¢.*.le!2 with ieeeeeee e! e-
press release which the lower
eon:-ta held libelous because it
was not absolutely privileged-
Darnage awards totaling
$8,000 had been made in a suit
brought against William G. Barr
for inning a press release which
two government employees said
defamed them. The high court,
without bearinl argument, aug-rested that the lower tribunals
weigh "conditional privilele" asa defense.
The Justice Department had
sought a wider ruling: that the
interest oi the publlc in gowern~
mental operations requires a
rule of absolute immunity from
libel suite against persons acting
in their efhcial capacity.
Disputing the Appellate Court
statement that the pr-el release
might have been absolutely
privileged ll issued by a Cabinet
olcer, the Department of Jus-
tice argued:
"The rationale of the rule of
immunity applies with equalforce to lesser olllelals who hold
policy-making or political posi-tions. Thei. we, should ix ire:
to explain their acts and policies
£0 the public Without fear of
defamation charges. Vigorous
performance of duties untrain-
meled la? the fear or retaliation
by private damage action: ne-cessitates the existence of the
privilege. . . . The result of the
decision, if allowed to stand,
will probably be . . . a curtail-
ment of inforrnation which the
public is entitled to and should
receive about contfoveraisl mat-
tam.-
_ The release Issued by Mr.
Barr named two subordinatesas92sponsors of a terminal leave
pay92ment plan denounced bythree Senators as a conspiracy
to defraud the government" and
a "raid on the treasury.
The subordinates. Mrs. Linda
A. Matteo and John J. Madigan,
sued for libel damages in Dia-
trict Court. Hrs. Matteo waa
awarded $6,500 and hladigan
$2,000. The Court of Appeals
voted 2-1 to '|IPl10ld the awardi-
stating that Barr ln Elplllhinf
to the pu-.'-lie his decision to sue-
pend the suhordlrtatea "areal.
outaide bis line of duty.
48l
E
l
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l
l.
£1AM .Tolaen
Nichols
Bocmlmuu i_
Balmonl _i_
Muhr _-..-__...i
Persona _i_
Hosea i?:_
Toma:
Tr er6-
. oom__..._
omun___
Gondyi_.__
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Ir. Ne IiIr. Po i- -4
Ir. :. _'!|..:'
Ir. Tam: V
P; - "Ir. '. ?*<_": :r_'.;: Wt. 5 ' "iv no-e-#"..
'gh Courtis New gDecision,s" War.-;,--I. lIMI_-
Eta Gud!.__
L o0st__g --- 1 ..ee.'@r"'m.';.;r -E M W J i i
I 92" decisions in recent month-e has dealt
E with tiie historic question oi an indivi-
' dual citizen: rights against public on-_
i ihority. _, ' _ " -' _ » ~_.'-[ -The latest decision, handed down
IIa-at week, voided 1 Lo: Angelee ordi-
_ nance requiring persons with crimin
records to register with the Chic! of
I Police. The Lo: Angelee chief eayr the
conrtruiingtips t_heecaie| inierorot-' " _ ' 1- ;
_ In 1 decision 1 week beiore, the
eourt held that wiretapping in iiine,¢e1-
when state oIc!aisdoit,jostesitie
when lederal agencies tap citizens
phones. Both state and iedenl police,
as well as private wlretappers-for-_-hire,
have been engaged in tapping, thoughTngres: has forbidden it by lay.
1*_ .9 2 tr- ,c
A eerie: of previous decision: in
the same general ere: of individual
rights began this summer. One decision
ut limits on the secrecy oi FBI report:
1 _£ncH.ng up an ini'orme.nt'e testimony in
oourt when the report: might help in
impeach the witneel. _r ,
,, Another restrained Congressional
eommitteee from bringing criminei
_dun-gee against heiky witnesses whj
the questions aired the witness were.
outside tho committee: unigned area
,ofwork. _'- .- -
; A third tightened the legal defini-
Jion oi ad§'ocating" overthrow qt the
' overnmeni. by iorce, whichis I crime.
ow the government must prove that
- personwueeriouriy inciting to.pne-- Kn rebeiii not jut hiking philo-gppphlgli 11193. '1.» " - w iv =
6 i JAN $958g WT
/1°"
Charlotte Observer
Charlotte, N. C.
12-22-57
C. A. McKnight, Editor
Z5
sggug comer DBCISIOI
- ..~;bl-37$; l-
NOT RECORD!-_'Q
IWJAN o 195a
i
!
ll
rfi 'i'i:eae'"de_c';iatm:a1iavef em:ee"iim"e|trove:-I; In nan and politicalea, lecond only to an con i . ,by the Supreme Court: 11%;}! P'°fP"" 1 f'§gatlnn dedainna, which are in i rwt °¥P""' "
.The:_-earathoaewhouythatthe:
bigheourtiapnttinghandcuaoulaw-92'?
fn1euthority.turntn¢overthe1andt6"
crlminai.|,Redaand otheran-social
Butlibertyianoteeiective. Itcan-_mtbeconflnedto"mode1dtizen|only.".All92'lIIeaue§8il'emarked,1lbertyhem
eommodityyoneannotgetbuthyilr-,,'lng1ttoothe1'a. . -'
j The high courtanew tack in de-
Iendtng wha$__lt conceives to be baatc
"" "- -' _ '-la actthg [ Hp gejjqge .ance between liberty and aulhbrity. _F ~That conict is pei-h'apa'1he great-;e8t continuing new: atory of history,"J one that bu had dlerent epiaodea int; mzagi aiea and cilmee. The :co ct een berty and authority 'i la particularly pertinent now in Ameri-CI- I - ' ' .,, ' "' t .H Inti.meao£mightycrieia,o:twu-uI and revolutions, individual right: II-.T waya bow to the state because eeti-presI ervaon-is a ltmng law of li.t'e.eAt aunt;ttmiega mu: which are the un-iawyo e y-p uct of wqmemmI d-i$dPu.lQ| ' - - . - c. 'T Japanese Americana were treated
! badly, during World War II, for ex-H ample, in e way most people now be-1 iieve was quite unneeesa-ary but whichA was in the headlong spirit of the enn-
1~-IntheiaatdecadeAmerlcahaalI-
i Iumed a new and frustrating role In a
world that la not at war, yet Ia: from
- peace._Th.ia nation must endure, in-
__Prez1dent Eisenhower: worth, "not It moment, but an age ot danger.Q Wm or the ngnu oftbe men-inEtieen in auch timed Will libe1 therlnanageofperpetualon '*5 ee, an age when individuals are.
g lwallowed by instltutiona at home '
£§?i,!""""._-. g ,--5;- Q1; 1~'w'~:e;e§. ;___~,_ 77 I? <_ --e
O
0|.-ihla_death in
3 The court _m=1°l? "11 1"
1 garda liberty u predm 5° 4° "-
Am-1 the court: dedsionl ll-"6 by M
I manna, as yet. crippled the lovlrmm
'11; delicate pendulum mini! 5815-Lixscieacanneverbetakenloa
. ted. Not only eternal 'nd and careful redenition'-every axe, ll the P14 °l W1 _.
: A, -¢ - .-,. 1. _ .5, ,_r >:_':;:-e .4um individual 1
Hr. Juece Jackaon,
92-
._..1e¢;1, atate or federal. " " t
__,_,_,
--r .4 -~- ~,==--ll .
Z
P
92
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2
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' "' _ " .1:-I-1 p _ _~ W4 ____ AA _,,.._.-»92.";"- ' o o I . = ~=* * . "--.t .
_ e,Up, Americansl 1 j , *§A -1 We eoneuh I2 Qgmu-m¢~,'~a. llvewilh on92 in boph. Together g Ldedde the billet, declared
3mkn%lBmnhemul5-epeey ... ohrl|ielal|e|nI7loeliove...Blthl>egInE lo-rotor out when you eenrnlne line record . . . Really on ll look like the nine old men currently ere doing!' Fmlqpood job of llidnf 82 old men lrolmd . . . Tin! Irail gni eo ioig u illeee H jluiioen eoiiiie iiinlzooh and unlll|orolIlekl.$'
é E Bot it would be lnlereet to nee who would ll:
- wlao if ll o few of noel: e wort eooeillntlollnlll I
Charla! Vllll Hugliea, Wmmn Howlrd TIH Ind John
Mu-lhlll oould Emerge and do n liltle hhorlng. , -E Cm you imngioo anon juuieee concurring in e_d9-
- eisioo that would prlctlullf denroy the efleetlveneel of
the Federal Dun" of Investigation in Ill efforu lo
prolee: our ietlqn ind people ngrinn aolwernion mad.-E treachery?" . .. - ' .~ Or lending their lupport to the purpoee of nhnolt}'l II _L U '' W ,- ""' '7 ' ' "W *7--7" Y ' ', "
l .-
. ---~----~--i--_ ,-*4-i--u.n1|i- 1/
W WC
CINCINNATI ENQUIRER
Cincinnati, Ohio
DATE ' 4.-1-,2 2 ~ E Z
PAGE 2
EDITIGI Homigg FinalMr.
. Mr.M12
Mr.
Mr.
MrTolsnn,
Boa rd
B:-lmcm
.921r-Fr, ,
Nrn ..
.. " .1 ___
_ completely deumyi right. of eongrelelonal eonrnlv _ _-/I§ we. A0! ?:g:°@" ' Q2 nrarleeonnre who vlg erl _ . _
92ll In boob-'-welt lemlreniof the Sopnmo Cowl, Com-
, munlnn woe not 1 lorlom three: to our exhlenee. Bu!
Ill but Chief Iuutiee Wlrren lgllnsl o lllglnly roiled
Sllllll lllll you could count on your llmw-5|, the number, of the 82 vgrho would Iuvo found In changing coll-; ditionl eothexeoee lo torn 14eon92rleled ialwenivee looee_topureoe eir deadly porpoee. ' - ~; - - -' '-
From in ado lion m 1191 o the -aim .: thelllno dd lqol wllnlo now eonntlmu aha eonru, nhelr
predeeenore» have oooeinenlly lolerpreled lhe Teoll
Amendment to mean jolt what ll aye . . . They realised
shat it in the very eornentone of our freedom . . - Hair
docllionl are recorded in lhe book: . . . But in rgmginallkor the cnrfelll nine lo dleI!_|Ild llleoe nnd lug
le~h Aroemimeui io nee; ="eoengi conditions. ku'5EIll921e let Illem gel may -Irllllllti -- I - Y 1 -
_l;_J.~..-_. - _'L.'__,l4-__-_.mI ! '92' 1. . '.eg_'.i
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lllJSS Sandy _ 92 - ---- '_i.h.____.__92
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e . A : f5' 92E - mi :Y92'§ii?**F#'AF*:-g*g_~_4i|gyg,gryy-W-sloppy:-,@=,»»w.m~ --.,.-.,..._~ .. h 4- V -2" 4| __ . . . '___ *
IDAILY4, _ _ _ _ _ . _ ;. .» .1--:¢:w'|!-" 'r _- .:., F, ".1_ __ _ _. _.'_:l',". 92 .1 .3 -1- -- ~ ' ' 92I In-. 1'01 . ,4
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Blllnen
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Tcle. R00 . - _Mr. HolIomeg__ ;-um .eunuch-ooze:-1-. _ - _ MiseGnnd'y
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llonttv. ntcmli! 99, I231 _ .j " . -_._ -_-' . ' ~- ;_
_} I-Io i_ . ~ .. 7 . . _ ~_ ,_ -77$ V - I Ir ._1 Bless|ngs,Of Our Times-. - f_ :. .-_- "Q -11- - Whenino ectlv' enema 1| "-in qr:-_ _ _eu mm wtsich unfolded w1:92
" , Hr rhe. the 3lI11nme Court! daemon;
l»Imrin¢_ the nm 0! Right: will -um M-'1?ll e_.lummou| landmark in ow loch! nus. _ _ 1_ . .
mm ma the intellectun! Mme.
lenl precedence and ¢l'editiom--
stood for ova fty you-I. It 1m|~,92
W HD7001 epurlouig coucepti;
eo firmiy Oncnulcd In]conscience um it rm 0-;W ll! olf. 71; thaneltltpfe court
u11:: lzzrime 5?£§E§i2ER
Date .... _.D.E§..119.l9§1._..____'
Page._...-..Z£..... CoI.-_,L_
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PHOENIX GAZETTE
1/2/58 - page 1
RE: INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY
OF TRIAL LWYERb
CONVENTION HELD PHOEN1
¥¥§§!°f 19/30/57tliduuhtlltnrelolumlllalld
badnI'ndurh|;lhnhur-dayu'.n-
vennnlhrthqtodnyahc
rm! Btmnre. Hun-id I180
Ltnnmdeuiylsintaeltdimam; rulelumnmimeldMU I&
92 I -
1.
u-ummmuam
méajurlIunotbe|rorgani.nl-
92f dmwnmqmmmm n mnvmtlm will be Jusm
mdu=1A.mmmm¢me1>u»it/1¢
,.
Lu £70
Q-
e * $l»
F v:.
I
L
L§'-Uikedsrow Bolder,
tor J. Edge: iloouar. inol the mm! Bureau at iniwe|tln- l
to Attorriey Ga-ierai William P. lngaq, 4,sounded gwzming that should n.-oeiv92e 1
sober attention of Conneaa and the!'American -people. "_, 1, ' _,_. _. U
Obviously refer:-15¢ to deck .um by 1 ; to 4 vote ot »,'5'I'.'§§.'§ 1.i:n cues involving &mmum _
fipeelcnlly rnentjanlr the high tribunal,]Mr.- Hoover deeleredthet the cormmmm";i Party has been encouraged by. "lta Iueceil
at imnki-Ill ken! leclilcli an by
growing public olmpbea-nqr tlowlrd domelktic directs io America's iniunainectn-ity." =
lntheghtotthedecidolibytieilll l?ee Earl Warren and four 0! his eaaoeiatea,
including the ultra liberal _Fe1r Dealers.
Justina Hugo I-. Black and Willlnrn 0.
Douglas. it is not surprisinl that Hr. Hoover
should report that the Communlat Part; in
the peat year had emerzed with renewed
conlldence and del:rrr|inel1on." Anti he add»
ed: The FBI Iisponaihrilltlei ill 9-It 1
intemel lecurlty eld uaumed greater im-
ziorlance during the yen: ll Iubveraive ene-
mies or the nation grew increasingly hold.
IJ>yl.l American; wllihepa lhnt the Wu!»
lngbyli!r.HooverwiIloonmandt.heeerne|t
nttenm oi Congress when bills aimed It
removing some or the Supreme Court: dia-
ast:-ous madblonlu in the path oi the Depart-
ment of Jultice and RBI are up foe
consideration. Only recently, es mentioned 92
in comment on this page, RepresentativeK'eat;ln¢. ranking minority membelr d -the
House Judiciary Corqnttee, aid that the
'5upreme Court by aorne o!_ita decision:
"bu endangered the selety or e great m_u| t
o!thepeop1e."There canhemdoubtabout!that ' ." ' - ' '
It in plainly the responsibility oi Conan:
toheedthewnrnlngiuuedliyl-BXDlrectne
Hoover. I! the Snpm-no Court under the T
leadenhlp ot Chief J ustlee Wen-en eonnoea _
tu policy of ml.ki.lIg it easy ior Communist:
and pro-Communist: to defeat the end: d
Ipslice, the Mericaq agent; of the men in _EZUZK1-e.rn1in will beoonie even holder inhe dennqe or the Department 6! Justice,
FBI!-ndihela olibe_o0unl'nt. '_'ki»'t..;j.. " '-___"_r""92d O
Mn Bfdll
Ml. Br
Mr. MMWM I 1: =¢ . . w i
M _ t, .,. 1
M . -1.11, gm
Tele- [:'J m 3I
Mr. Hullamm-,|__ Miss Candy ' 1
_-._______ _-1-__
Lainl/ I;-;_~-----~-_--__
obi
571
Jamestown Post. Journal
Ja.mestown,N.Y.
December 31, 1957
Managing Editor
/-}_
- 6].nmt4t.l3B F
1 .
0-I9 Rev. 10-29-57!
/I
/I
l
'1'.
5- ;
3~<*
- - WOT -';-=>-f~= - _
126 JAN 131¬-~-
;. q.-E-i>'-."_-*r:921*1=~:1r..*~~ H nth ' ' ,.".l.-¬__l_-'¢EfP°"; .aps
ff High Cour
Q2: CHI-bACjO. Jan. Ian--A na-ional Roman Catholic monthly!
$l__lu,_b,ken to talk} some ether,
Clloe Ilbliziationl tor their' clam of the United Staten?
_ aa pro-Com
_|nun1|_t." _ 4
~.'l2v40l¢a_ Si..Iude, itlhed by the iglxaretlan Fathpelra,
atid III an edltorial it strenu-
lal: ¢:fD0l_ed anti-Communistla on that violated ins-
tice; lelillatlve committee:
that expeeded their constituted
!=_=$!'a*?r=*=r.-..===.'1.1=>w=1.1r .h=m-::;lrOl!l8 "U11! DIBICHEC EVE?!let of privacy established
by the Constitution of the
United States." _
The editorial said the high
court _has been trying to de-
: fend citizens against these vio-giélonl. and an a result had
n called treacherous and
iaro-Communist" by gum;
Blwlic Publications. 1: added
flhere would be no swit rany to surrender the Frte. arid ta eammaisfn man ytting injustice and evil 1%:Plering go uhchnllengei?
1'7:"0 A-92.442- Z 7525;/=~'a9 ___-H-_ "'a'f]"?
6 sum 141958 ""f_ ,J W3
Tolson /
Boardman
Be lmon
Mohr
' zz:- :15
Roaen
T
1/Tr
[Lun
Tale . H
Hulloma i.._
Gandyl'II.__.-.-
____.--i
bu, M-
Wash. Post and BL!
Times Herald
Wash. News _.i._.
Wash. Star ..__.....i
N. Y. Herald ii
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-i...-
American
N. Y. Mirror ._......._._.
N. Y. Daily News _
N. Y. Times ii
Daily Worker _._.__-
The Worker _____
New Leader _....._/1
J
We _}p;R-419-Er8~
.
.-
it-
a->,_':70 >
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'. -r~_'- 'l
THE HOUSTON PRESS
1 in /noL] 7/ -JD
Houston, Texas
Editor: GEORGE &ARMACK
o *2 JAN 20 1958 W, __.. _
_ he Rights of Violin:
Just before ii-I Iummer reoenl, the upre
Court ireeo o convieteo rapist in wui'im3'1'5.
-DTC'Ion the ground that the police had de-
ing him before on nrnignment ottioer.
The effect oi the decision, known no the
Mallory Case, was practically to scuttle the
gonieulon _rouie to conviction of L criminal.1-once omcml were nunne ini. l.92iTiiii and
lunewentoolernoioleqthoighourtk
judgment could lead W I breakdown o! iow en-
I01-cement.
No doubt obout it. the decision imposes e
stringent handicap on the police in eoiehingand prooecuiint criminals. And the whole eon-
troverey has een revived because Mnllory
now is wanted qein on elm-get oi assaulting
l1'i0t1'|.et woman. ._ o 0 0 -
There have been I number oi similar eases
in which the Supreme Court seemed to weight
iia judgment on the side of the convicted.
This oounts whole iiistena oi iv has been
built on o well-defined respect tor individual
rights. Ii: cri.m.ina.I codes consistently protect
the innocence of the accused until he hi!been pa-ovenBut in the Me ory Case no question at in-
nocence wll raised. The Judgment was reached
purely on the oonduet oi the arresting oioem.
And it not only liberated on obviously danger-
ous man, but laid down o stringent rule ofpractice for all oi:niJe.x-ones. . . H
While our lows and the Judges who interpret
hone llaws should ioreverube on euord ogeinstiF tained him unduly long before formally cheri-
o have rights. They are innocent, too, in
eeerve the full protection at the low, thuuiehini the innooem, mi: vieums ni cram *-Erlice and the judiclll-I system. @Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Hr.
Mr.Tolaon.
Buordmz
Belmoni:_.__
M0111...
NonaPorno
R:-sen.
Tamm..
'I'rotter..._.
ChHmn__
Tole. Room.__.
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146 2JAN '1 619548/_3
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29
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no
~ 1. . .. // Pgsor-IBenet-Clerks 304% .- J 92At e u:6 Kit gr: tn: /
genewer to the puzzle or the
-American decisions of the
meme Court iam H. Q3 .1f iteiiiifliw amlu Jus-
jtice Robert B. Jackson in
1052-53, in e recent article
'_in U. 8. News at World Ite-
nort. notes that in the large
Jnliority of cues the deci-
lion as to which deserve e
ihearing is based upon suin-
, inerles end recommendations
preliered by the Lew clerks.
and says: _ - -
Borne of the tenets oi the
liberal point oi view which
commanded tl1e symnsthy of
I majority oi the clerks I
knew were: Extreme solici-
tude tor the claims of Com-
munists and other criminal
defendants: expansion of
Federal power st the expense
of Bhlie Dower: Ireet sym-
pathy toward sny lovem-
ment remistion of business-
in short, the political philos-
ophy now espoused by the
court under Chic! Justice
Earl Warren. . .
It is ieir to say thgt the
was to the ieit or either the
Nation or the court.."_
Thus it appears that not
only the Justices but also
ztheir clerks should be I'D-
poved by the Senate Judi-
;ciary "Committee. The clerks, seem to be 3:198 adept in the
nae oi wor to conceal the
,nbeence of thought. These
revelations by Mr. Rehnquist
urgently call for the kind of
_,search11i: investigation thationly e committee of Con-
gress. backed by the full; C Lelislntiire, can_ "nduct. OldI
f Political cast oi the clerks
I9
Tolson /
BoordmonW BelmontMohr
_ N
11; 11%J.
NOT RECORDED
140 JAE 10 1958
jinn-uu-new--""_"'?1/ Goad!
Z5! ! 67¢osen
Tumm
Trotter ...._-_--
Clnyton _._-1
TI]I- --F
Wash. Post and __
Times Herold
Wash. News -Wash. Star .
N. Y. Herold __--
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-i.
American
N. Y. Mirror ..i._
N. Y. Daily News _
N. Y. Times __--
Duily Worker '-
The Worker __._-
New Lender Z--
Dote ___..__1_r-~»~;' i "
I! ll {Rev 10 29-5' ,____,,_,,,,,____ _____ .. . ___._,____ . . ...__._._-.--._-........__...i___._. - e ~-
' /I "
/
1
'5' Q
I .__ __ '- I 1-f?-:1; .= _ _ ' °m'-%-Four-to Four " "°'"
The four-to-four de n 91- e Supreme Court
in the Alfonse Bartkua case leaves the law. in
regard to conicting decisions by Federal and
state juries in a state confusion. The eectof the even split in theéghpreme Court is to up-
nne the rulings oi m mm;
the conviction of Bartkus tor bank robbery even"
though a Federal jury _ had acquitted him of
charges growing out of the aeme crlme.- But the
question whether a state conviction after a Fed-
eral acquittal amounts to placing the defend-yton _..__
Tole Fl _-
Hollomn i.
ant in double jeopardy thus remains even more
controversial than it was before.
Fortunately, the Court will have another go at
the problem, for it has agreed to review a similar
case involving a Federal conviction alter a state
conviction for the same crime. Here the issue
may be more clear-cut, for the double jeopardy,
if there is any, appears to have been a direct
result of Federal action, and the Fifth Amend-
ment prohibition against putting a person twice
"in jeopardy for the same offense operates directly
- Lagainst the Federal Govcrnment.92 It is to be hoped
that the entire Court will be able to sit on this
case and that a more decisive ruling may be
forthcoming.
It is possible, however,_that no comprehensive
or general rule can be laid down when the double-
jeopardy plea involves separate Federal and state
trials. No doubt it would be double jeopardy it
e Federal jury convicted a person oi precisely
the same crime for which be had already been
convicted by. a state. But state and Federal laws
are seldom identical, and it is quite possible that
an oender may be guilty under the state law
but not under the Federal law, or vice versa. If
a kidnaper transported his victim from Maryland
to Virginia, for example," he might be convicted
ct lridnaping in Maryland even theugh e Federal
jury might not nd sufcient evidence to convict
him oi taking his victim across a state line. _
-Because of the great diversity of Federal and
state laws this question may be in litigation for
1 long time. but s full Court can certainly make
it r.lea.:a.r.~.than it is today. . ""-"-"
$2Ji 1/Z...""" c on-393
us you 16 1953
-Jltrl Post and
Times Herald
Wash News .__..._
Wush Star
N Y Herald ._..__....-----
N Y Journal ....___
N Y Mirror
N Y Dolly News -
N Y Times _-_i-
Dully Worker :-_
The Worker
New Leader i-
Dote _.JJ...._.._._-1-_-
4,}:
'7:mg
_.5.
-1."0
Ii!p __ ---r
@J. J. _' isOf Benetitingggmmunist Party]-;;._¢.. A ~
, The extent to which Supreme Court
' .decisions have breeched the dikes erected
sgainst subversive activities now stands
¥clearly outlined. The communist party oi
the United States itself__is new I direct- Mneiicisry. . C ' l
; The United States Court of Appeals
applied the interpretations of the Jencks
case as decided by the Supreme Court in
4 ruiing given in the Government: efforts
to label the communist party a tool of
Moscow. The decision is that the Govern-
ment, in its formal request to the Subver-
sive Activities Control Board to have the
reds so labeled, must give the psy
access to reports which e key witness
made to the FBI, or else strike that testi-
mony from the records. -
Clinton Jencks, now e resident of
Albany, Calif, was convicted of filing a
false noncommunist affidavit while presi-
dent of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Work-
ers Union. The Supreme Court ruled that
unless the FBI handed ever to the defense
reports of witnesses whose testimony was
used in court, that testimony had to be
disregarded. - ,
The Justice Department, rather than
hand the FBI les in the J encks case in
accordance with the decision, decided to
dismiss the case against Jencks.
' And now that principle has been picked
use has been made of it. Unless the De-
- pa-rt-rnene of Justice wants to'!'E'l!-!ER'1he___. 92___ 11-- ____.______!_n ____.e__ __._'| _ll__L!_-_ we 3 up Dy me Cmmunlst party H1111 El-LECIIVB
76JA~29: 19sa
921/
[~07 ~ W
C/LIE/QED II-'U3Ui-1*.
Oakland, Cal ifornicz
ff? tat 1/1:/58~atzon:City Editd?ri"??7L.RE»3D
T Publ isizert J0.3-TF1.-' J?
_ _ .FFJ¬'.LA£J1J
.4tt8r't0T'-'
Case:
Classification:
Mr. Trotter-_._
iii-. .»'iiTvi._..-.-
Te1e- Room.___...
llr. Holloman_.
Miss Gendy_._.
__¬_-___--.-1-Z
t MM
W
P. R-Z"C'}{
14$.-sfiZ~4_'ZZs»"' A0 Reoosoeo
4? JAN 26 195$
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§l.ARCH£.;...... ...1-mix: .
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1 4 use
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1.54/92A./-*_.¬"'-.t..'===.;.,._.l--~ ___ _ ft- - -H --~- -r.-~~v-~... --- - - -- - "" I A_'--.-'*~ "*-~-*"""- ~ ' *
'~ Hr. Toleo _k i ~ J" . Mr. Boer
" 1. MI. BelmoP A . "I »~#92_~- __._-1!? l M 1'. Oh!;- i ->--- e 5-J-' |-| i" u 1 ti -;:"°.."'~__.
<1 . . . eCourt Declsuons avmg Effect p; ..:.
,--.._
- cin U
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-7 '---e-., .._-
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<
il'92- lonuelix § Ilnrrnm O9;e|-nee;Li VIII l92.lIllI' & -QLQEW SB JFK}
old Negro, some months ago was con-
t victed bye jury in Washington. D. 0.,
snd sentenced. to death on n rape
charge. He had made a-voluntary con-
92£es.sion in which there was no sugges-
tion oi out ion on the of officers.
Lest June the Supreme Court of the
United Statu revened 1l1u..I.oats con-
viction on the ground that the police
Ind not In-signed him noon enough
afterhilarreet. Therewunoquer tion of the man! guilt or of the valid-'ity of his and other evi-E3 dence iainet stood up. 'a upreme Court was movedsolely b t no formal
lehsrge had been made against HAL-.
LOB! within a period of time it re
gsrded as proper. The ruling de-
stroyed the cane of the prosecution
and lemon! was turned loose.
At last report the police were look-
p ing tor Manon! again. This time he
is wanted tor housebreaking and for
t ulting the daughter of s wo35? had been kind to him. all witgii
ilil. _"Uut half a year of his release f m
i The cse here in question is another
findication that the Supreme Court at
itimes appears to feel that the law-
abiding and the mhjority have no
rights st all. At all events, the courts
decision in the _......,M'"-M11? matter ob-
viously means that it has weighted
-the law heavily for criminals, even
when their guilt is not questioned."
The people are entitled to far more
consideration than the Supreme Court
has ehosen to give them in this in-
stance. It has turned loose aldangerous
criminal to repeat his heinous of-
fenses. Whether Mannost should be
~ in prison or in n mental institution has
~not been determined, but by no man-
92 ner of means should he be free to prey
on society.L The court: treatment of the MAL-
92 may case has disturbed police all over
the country, and for good reason.
Congress should waste no time what-
ever in spelling out the law on prompt
arraignment in words that cannot be
istaken. It is outrageous that any
chnicality should be employed to
rce law-enforcement agencies to
_|lee n self confessed crimina.l..I.ho-ind
biich proved guilty in coum l92s '25/4, -1-*' P W ,- 92li/ i giinaghlea rs; Cri|%'n,s.'Is'_"i if é
5
iii"Mr. Tolso
Hr. Boar
Mr. Belm t__
4-ir. Mohr._ /J
M
Pa:-so ___
. !' = El-:1
ll Clayt:n.._.-.Tole. R00 _.._._.
Mr. Hollomsn__..
Miss Gandy_____
¥
.55
i
LAL
Is, TENIES
DATE 1-15-58 -
__ r?/"Le
4*7FEB 5 1958
--1.,-ii--.._..__
_1 7' V "'1' 7-A7 7 r
|SEARcHED Oi,/ |N'_.EXED
_ 4'2.92sER1ALlZED...,, FlLEO .
._iAi92 E vi"-:5
FBI - MLMPHIS
s 1-1
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'
'1'-1: r-
..;92iff_'
."?.O-ii Rev. no-29-anU -
-2
fire-7i e i. ~I.W |9 j92
M
__
abT 1 / D SOD
V ' W Mo Y
as
Para 0
D ,er 4'3. ':"..+:{. _R _._4
--rorowmc rsvnr M We_ FLETCHER KNEBEL A / %
_ 1'11! Eiaezzhower team ceiebrateiits mm Iyear in QM.
The years have passed quietly. In fact. for months at 1 time.
you'd hardly know anybody was there.
1 l t l
Former Secretary or state Acheson chides" the G. O. P. on
'."92......."'t.l;.l".." I: the P-epubticara refuse to make i move. how
are the Democrats going to charie it: a retreat?
U I l 1 - -
Ike rallies Republicans in 0. Chicazo speech. lat Repub.
liean: "Did that speech pep you up?" 2d Republican; "You
A bet1ike I sing or not tea after a warm bath."
5 2 2 2
A tribe of North Carolina Indians mute the Ku Kiux
Kian. Caroiina war party chant: Nothing is dc luxer than
to chase a Ku Ku Kluxer In the mo:-ninz."
C 1 i F '
Sputnik must be some new kind of ying antibiotic. No
sooner did it been to orbit than Asian nu practically -
appeared.
C l I tI6 Anybody can set arrested these days. but-Ithanks be theS -it takes a real genius to stay in jail.
0 I 8 i . '
Ike ate business er-.<.' iebcr to held o price ind raaie
boosts. This advice won't be ignored. It will be weighed veryfore being shelved. -"-""
.9I
/1
/Y / Tn
Wash. Post and .___...-
Times Herald
Wash. News .71-7--3
Wash. Star -115-='
N. Y. Herald
- A .-
w|'.'
i ,-
=-.
4;-_
1
.
Q}
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4 li-0-IU HIV. 10-29-5?!0
is." -L " """*"". "J"- __ .. .§61'_.i,_CitUde_l.fOl1t|'fe_| L T
¬horged{io ljjgh urt
Public preoccupation with the Supreme Court school sea '-' -
ration decisions overshadows "m aerom and
vsarped legal philosophy represented by the court's decisions in
cgninai eases," according to Representative Harrison, Demo-
cilt oi Virginia.
Q He spoke at the annual banquet oi the Me2md
oljcommerce a .;'Natipns.l Air-p§t last night.£" ' " ' I
1'-The drastic -rewriting of
cenlnal law whichlsas been
attempted by these jurists-tined-legtslators in recent|
years has shown a special solic-
itgde for Communist subverters,
r;apists and corrupters oi
youth," he said. . -
The 'i'th District member of
Oongress, who is a former iudse
in Winchester and prosecutor
there, cited the Mallory case as
one example of the court's de-
cisions in criminal cases. 7
In the Mallory case, it was
held that a. confession was in-
admissible as evidence because ..
too long a time had elapsed
between his arrest and arraign- -znent. lgL _ Threat to Order ,1
"Those who defend State andj
local administration oi the; f"
public schools cuss the court?
with good reason," Mr. Har-5
rlson said. "but we should con-I
alder the heavier contribution
to the breakdown of representa-
tive government and public -7'.. ....... _..,.i9l'§¬1' vvhlCh T533 Judgca have.
made by their striking down oi 5law enforcement procedures
arjd methodical freeing oi con-1;
vlicted murderers. rapists andj
other criminals oi thg_hg.sqst'
l°"- _ Z'*" h other ha those' -.Isa approve the cour §
tmtorce mixing oi the races in.
te ahmls would do well to
teen their attention to what}
iii; been coin: on in the eld =
E criminal law behind their
mvarble facade of the Supreme; iGpurt Building. 1 I§'fThe inian-lous_Mallory de-
mion. for example, should bei
ct deep concern to thinking
citizens of all races. tor the
red rapist Mallory, a Nearo.
has a record of brutality 'bi./». I
P-r-4l._ _-rfy "Ia1sHsi-sa?stml=ur_uaa-
ture; sprung to _e defense of'l"-magazine 1:15:11 dedicated
to homosexuality; cheered
Cornmunlst eonepiremr: with s
license to work rm the over-
!l'h.I'0I'.'0l' this republic-so ions
has they do not state publicly
Just how they intend to over-
throw it; barred the State from
enactin laws against subver g -lsives; blocked the States from
protecting their citizens from
Communist teachers and Com-
munist lawyers: given sani-
iand carte blanche to arranse aim; whim Ind Neg,-O mm. its nefarious business by tele-
en alike. It probably has not i
bruised the consciences oi thebenign justices to know that Mithis violently lawless individ '
ual. freed to prey again on tr
law-abiding citizens oi the N:
tlon's Capital, promptly becar,
once more a iugltlve irom iii
tice on an assault charge. 5
Other Hearings
"In other decisions, editing
the laws as they o the mi F1 I - I WJudicial brains have struck Q 4» 4
Idown Suu statutes designed lt:fiJ'l'Utl!!!t"the young-tmm.m¢ I
A iiJ_éié.¬i4 "4|-t " -nlrvir".. ., ... .
.- . L Oh.LL -' """
pf T H i- W V Futes. 52' .
52JF£o5éphone and. in general, given
=the hoodiums new swagger in
the realization that the cards
are stacked in his favor."
Mr. Harrison said the court
"is making mockery oi the Con-
-stitlitlullll checks and balances
which the founders of our Hi-
tlon took such pains to devise."
It has sought to displace the
elected representatives oi the
people in the lawmaking func-
tion, he said. It has thrown
into chaos the law enforcement
procedures of the Executive
Branch and oi the State and
local governments."
Remedy Bussesied
He suggested as a remedy:
"The executive and the Gon-
iress can work together to re-
store by practical means the
balanced role oi the Federal
Judiciary. The Constitution. it
wlllbe remembered, does not
assign to the court the law-
writing supremacy it has
grasped for iisel! in recent years
-legislation can limit its ap-
pellate iurisdiction.
The sovernors and legisla-Q
tures of the States can assertthe {lowers reserved to the]
States and to the Deonlc W Y-Ma
Constitution. Many Supreme
Court decisions. such as in the
Mallory case, can be O92'QItl11'll9.d
by the engtment oi n§vLs_tgt;~at /Tolson %-4/Jpqrdmon _.i
Belmont /
Mohr
orsons
Rose
'l'@ ti'r92_.-._---
Clayton
Tolo.Room ..i
Hollomon i..-
Gondy
Wash. Post ond _..__
Times Herold
Wash. News r _Wash. Star
N. Y. Herold
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_._.._._
American
Y. Mirror i__-
Y. Dolly News -
N. Y. Times
Dolly Worker
The Worker
New Leocler ___---
w"-~.4- r .
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EMF-.-
TF-"-re..,_,,_. fl9..I 92." -
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1"""' """' = "1"*""I -J '! V '
U .
NGOUTDOUD'Reétoring States? l K
0! Benn v.
El
a es
decision coveringollmring language in / ;the Communications Act -. '
Ii 1931 as emcted by Corr
[fess on wire-tapping activitiesP-
N0 PERSON not being author-
iznd by the sender shall inter-
tv-pt any communication and di-
tlilge or publish the F92 l..<lt"nt'r'_
contents. substance. purport. ef-
lect nr meaning of such inter-
cepted communication."
Under the Constitution of the
State of New York, police ol the
state may apply to a state court
for permission to tap wires lor
the purpose oi gaining ¬92'tdrt|"e
on known or probable crime. Upon
receipt of court authority. New
York State police may tap a vnre
and testify in court as to evi-
dencc so received.
The Supreme Court of the Emi-
ed Slates hclcl that Congress 1n-
tended to invalidate the Consti.
tution oi the State ol New York
tand. incidentally. that Congress
had the power so to invalidate it}
I0 Ill I8 wire lapping was COT!-
ct-rned. The purpose of the bill
how under consideration is to re-
turn to the states the police ott-
thorny and power which was te-
sidual in those states under the
1/5{MEJ t ifsbib» Tikrnendmuutolntltmtt
tahmtt timdtheuniteostatna.
uthurhebeol 'n|eretunlofthe8upremeJua-
purpoaea, doe: to inveltigate the pea! ia-
. I
ll8lD!C!I'B-tentionl 0! Congress is anl alarming attitude cl moat
5 dangeroue trend. It puts
' the will and ltldlment of
the Supreme Court above,
' aridinsteadohthewill and
judgment of the Congreu
itlelt. Under pretense of
interpreting. the court is actually legislating-andlegislnting in elds where
neither the court nor the
Congmss has any proper authority
to make or unmalte laws affect-
ing the governrnent o! the people
0! Lhe several states.-.-
WIRE TAPPING is anevilthtn.
where the purpose of the tapping
is to steal information or ma-
liciously to interfere in affairs
which are legitimately of private
concern alone.
But the detecting nl crime is
not snooping. And one who in-es
tr-lepi"-one or telr-graph is on no-
tice that, unintentionally 0| Ill-
tentionally. communication may
be overheard or read by petnons
not concerned with it. And when
cnrnmurticatinns 50 overheard are
criminal in their nature and im-
plications, it is the duty of any
good citizier cpgriizant then-of to
disclose them to the authorities.
Particularly, where a person ac-
quires knowledge of treason or
contemplated htalon. he il in
duty bound to discloee that tor
the protection oi! his country.
The trend ot the present Su-
preme Court of the United State:
is dangerous to the republic.
92Ir. .~ - T! n L
5" new-1
I*"l"é!4H IIr . I
1-
..
Tele. Room _.....-
Ir. Hr-lloIll_..
Iia Candy.-..._
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92
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i X iI'92-in.-H-I-4-92enRm1t I ' l
F94 Rev, 5-14_.55! Date .lL=28.=5.8......
l_l-IULICUUUI _'__
Att. .C.RIHE..B.ECORDS..
:1 ASAC
::iSupv.
:1 Agent.
I cc
:iSbeno
ZiC1erk
i:]Ac|<nuwle<|ge
mussign Reclesign .......... ..
I:Bring file
:]Cc!! in:
l:iCorrect
[:iDeuJiine .....
zDeud|ine passed
Qllelinquenf
i_.__|Expedi9e
[::h=a|-
Zilniiiul L return
[:iLec|ds need eenrien
I92._ - _ P___I1-il92J'PIII 92-|U§I
:iReturn with explanuiien or notufi
Enclosure - 1 V QC A ........... ---~ .--.ACTION DESIREDTitle
[::IPrepure lead curds
i:Prepure tickler
i:]Rechcrge serieis
lilleturn assignment curd
i:iReturr| File
i:iRe1urn serials
[:iSearch and return
gee me
li_lSend Seriuie ................ ..
i:$ubmii new charge-out
i:i$u|:>mif report by ......... ..
[*'1 ...I---1 i ii?
on us to ucon token.
There is attached hereto an article which appeared
in the Blytheville Courier News, Blytheville, Ark
concerning favorable comments made by Circni.
Judge H. G. PARTLDW, of Blytheville. For the Bu's
info, the LR indices contain no derogatory
infonmation concerning Judge PA ./"MD
i:iSee reverse side Oifice "I
*
s
:1 'F.rL
'3?
1
1'
1
d
-v
5
i
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- ' Part-low commented only briey
_..I
~u-/
ouriTrend
if the United States.
i
powers by the nstiorrs high st " "'-'"" " " * "=77: - _ _ __ _____.___ ...__._______ _ _____ _ __ _
0 " ,I I
Treating e gru on ssueonly incldentel to t? ove l sub-
ect Ci uit Ju arle I
rtlow as ng s-B
course 6; me U. 5. Supreme Qeillt
is n-ought with danger.§ th inte u i'"':j
i Parilow was principal speaker at
lost night's Dis shed BervleiAwards banquet BlythcvillehsiJunior Chamber of ommereq"Today, we find e U. B. u-
preme Court leB'l519-U118. If-I4 Inca:
iii.'E'.'IHH' enlarging the very Con-92
stltution of the United States,
Partlow slid.
"The original system of checks
and balances in our government is
over the past four years, espec-
tally.
"we now find ourselves in e po-
sition where only live men -- s
majority of justices - can over-
irlde in practically everv instance
me Congress and the President oi
- "This situation comes dangerous-
ly close to being so oligs.rchy,"
Psrtlow stated.
ion the court decision to integrate
schools. He hammered sway st
what he termed on usurpation of
me oi the court: decisions e
en shocking.
Senator McClellan recently said
that s. Communist has never lost 1
case before the Supreme Court . . .
well, the criminals who have made
it to the highest court have done
nearly as well."court.= a,'In the iield oi criminal ." ,preme
e
8
F
I,t-o FBI files under the decision int1ce1HI:'i_ instances, Partiow pointed.
out.41 - .-__, _
. . $ ' I0
my
- .. .. eeploreii. the!
decision ordering the
pea its ies to any person
ed under the Bmlth Act with
nspirinl to overthrow the gov--
e ent oi, the United States.
"Rather then subject its intona-
unts to reprissl and thus ieopsrdlsethe .EBLp0sltion in obtaining in-92iorrnation in the future, the Bureau
simply decided to drop charges
against this group oi Communists." i
Criminals, too, will hove access
_ monies Jefferson ioresaw the itiger; [inch mllht also ii-ome suprune Court us! ii s series
oi letters warned that the court isirresponsible. '% "I think he mean that in the
sense that the Supre e Court, ep-
pointed ior liie, is responsible to
no person or agency.
"When I was e young mun'. .i v ' Q, Hiti 56 [0 M:
1.
I
i
I
E
I
I
_ see COURT on 'PlIO lit being upset by the court; decisions |t 1
92
1
1the legs! profession, ibe people
and lawyers held s. tremendous
respect tor the Supreme Court oi
th United Biates.
hope to see the day when the0% will return to its former po-
sit n in the eyes oi the public and
oi the legal proiession."
_1_ *i i EX-11] k C
Rllr.llr.
llr.
Mr.
Hr.
Hr.
Tole.
Mr.
Bis:
[girl 57¢*_'i92.Z
oerBelmonL.____
Mohr
Nets
Parso
Rose
Tam ____
T?r92tt,e1'______
Cllirtou-.._
RE 9%? 57%; 4
o-20 |
/ _ Ml. 1
. Mr. - cuacml ___.
Mr. Roan _i
Mr. Tatum ._i_.
Mr. Trottnr __._
Mr. Nlalo __i.
Tale. Room _.....
Mr. Hollomcm 1
Miss Gundv Z-
1/ML Tulaon /
Mr, Nichol '
Bnt Z
W5"
_ ammc A921:;11s'rs> I THI 5 0
THEY ARE GILBERT GREEN AND HENRY WINSTON, NON IN FEDERAL PENITENTIAR
IES AT LEAVENUORTH KANS., AND TERRE HAUTE,' IND" RESPECTIVELY, SERVINGTHE SHQTBHCES IHPOSED FOR THE CG*1SPIRACY¢
GREEN AND EINSTQI BASED THE!!! LE£ HAN-
RACY CASE ON A DECISION HANDED DOWN BY THE
CASE INVOLVED ll SECOND-STRING CALIFORNIA
UERE THE FIRST II °- UNDER THE SMITH ACT OF 1
IN" ITS JUNE OPINION THE COURT HELD THAT THE
TING ACTION THAT UOULD LEAD TO THE VIOLENT OVERT N OI THE GOVERNFENT
BUT DOES NOT STOP ANYONE FROM UROINC BELIEF IN THE VIOLENT OVERTHRONN
OF Ml ABSTRACT PRINCIPLE. '
GREEN AND UINSTCN SAID IF THIS REASGIING HAD BEEN TOLLOIED IN THE R
CASES, THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN CGIVICTEDQ V
* I/27 7'CE136P~I
--as
u ACT ronslns ADVOCA
4:; I -
lh-Jn--u
//Y V/F
./=-°-r_ __,_~_--r"
_- = 1""i!:_-,h,.31 UH DENIED A REHEARING TO TWO OT THE ll COHFIJNIST
CONSPIRATORS. ECONVICTIONS NERE AFTI RHED IN 9 I
L
i l "r ._ Liv}?-.. w ,1;i'_ I ,_ at I-'x'_¢:'| gr v__.-.»-1,; 1 i. 0 -nnva' 1" i " - '- '-C. §1*."'? n.}r_.'..-' '.-.fl-1 .I..l.92,/LJIJ _! _ _ I- i |'l;~.- . _lI'J92 9901.9'-, , - _ . = . ' - . ,1 -=_e. -_ -1 , . I ,_ , ..Qre -} i I l , 92 , - r _
F
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92.._ . s
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_;..~
-wW A--. __& H .__. ..-_.._. - _,_ _ . ____ _____,, ______ A. _ _ __ __A ____ ___i__
o-is in". 1o-as-an L !
'"= 1" Y -ms/"
ti
annnnw . par, a ilnsenn-Int which is tele-§ pm gnu by Q. fazed to the FBI for identi-a 92 -{Washington police for sevenEand onehalt hours hetero he
~_-ova: arrlllned-'
It took the
-SW I I htngton,'92'I92 rs A114;; Lh 92J-| PUMP
3 that long to
lather the
. dlte, to - col-
lect the evi-
E d e n c e , t o
'c h e ck alibis,
el-c., etc.
M a l 1 o r y's
counsel went , - ---L
" into the Su- Sokollkif
preme Court on "appeal and
the Supreme Court decided
; that the police had held him.
. too long before arraignment
--seven and one-hall hours.
Mallory did not deny that he
was a rapist. As a matter of
fact, he had been convicted
in a court of law at a fair
trial and condemned to death.
The issue was not the nature
oi the crime or the crime it»
self. It was simply 11"" Ions
may the police hold an ar-
rested person to question him
and to gather evidence when
a crime has actually been
committed. On that issue the
United States Supreme Court
{reed Mallory on the e sole
ground that he had been held
too long. _
Police oiiicers throushout
the country were ehagrined
at this decision because 'it
handicaps them in handling
murder, lridnaping and other
criminal cases. If they can-
not immediately gather the
evidence, they must let the
culprit lo. - _
1C SUPPOSE a murder ls com-
mitted at 1 a. m. The police
are notied that a holy is on
th,a..s.id-allalk at 2 a. m. They
arrive on the scene. There la
U {.1 Jowner of the ngerprint isidentmedugy 3:30 a. m., thealleged III erer is brought
tn. He has an alibi; it needs
to be checked. The hours of__-_Ll_a_l_- -§ I--I-1 -.Iqueauumn 92l Ill=l1l.Il.| U1added Wm ensuing in, of
confrontation with facts pass.
How many hours? Some data
cannot be gathered during
the night. Morning comes.
A new start,.ll made in, I
dozen directions. It is found,
for instance, that the culprit,
Who denied he ever saw the
Victim, had been her constant
companion for a year. In the
end, forth comes a sordid
story of love Merci! and not
accepted, of unrequited pae-slon, of gifts accexpted but its
giver ridiculed, o annoyance
and anger and foul words
hurled at each other. Finally,
the overt two-timing and the
murder.
Are the police to be handi-
capped by requiring them to
accomplish all this in 15 min-
utes or one hour or 15 hours?
How long? Senator John Mar-
shall Butler of Maryland lest
July had introduced a bill for
the District of Columbia giv-
ing the police a maximum of
12 hours before arraignrnent.
That is a reasonable period.
tections of the Constitution,
the Supreme Court let the
rapist go free. -But the peo-
ple are not free from the fear
oi sex" crimes which are on
the constant increase. Policedogooders encburage crimi-UNDER THE various pr:rl1:1 mg; Pu-cululy ex
uwork grows increasingly more
dilcult because of modern
means of transportation, to
take one facility. A murderer
with a well-arranged formula
can be in Cairo or Bio by air-
plane before the police may-mnbzanoedcation. At2;Na.1n.,.t.hel, Hod 'tli'£eséi-ink
kriauledfraped and left to die;~.~ ~ ' ",'?-1-.9
r Q, l
em me
detectlonhave.notoilsetmod-
ern means of evasion. -The
head of a narcotics syndicate
may be a 1rel1-dressed,'wel1-
housed. Cadillac-transported
ientlemsn who wntribntei.
to all the local charities and
is a faithful member oi his
church. The distance between
him and the junkie is greater;than the £le;llIap.l:h distance-
hetween , and the dope
market ill Tientsin, China.
Pushers are caught; users are ,
caught. But thin fellow does 1
nit! assocgtehwlth sfuch vul- l ans. e so t- en,contributor on qmcansale
to one or i.92e*..h meter political
parties and probably has a,
Congressman ontwo in his
pocket, having sponsored
such lawyers ndput up the cum m-3
reera. Ha-is a very smart
Law enforcement grows
more dlicult as crime be- :-
comes better organized. Big
crime is now international in l.
its connections; small crime},
is ere I vcnnger end-WI11
younger. The law is inade-
quate in some respects; it cer-
tainly makes crime detection
in advance of commission!
practically impossible. The
crimes, by their -psychiatric
d social ideas. Does it do 'a
young lady, who has been
in the woods, any benet to
ecognize that the uncon
olled beast who did the act -
uifered from, an uncontrol-ai;y: compulsion? Does it do
e heartbroken parents any
ood? Does it do the com-l
unity any ood_ aomngna92'-. use ' .'_ -' " P |
I
. /
ill/l
92 ,
'76FEB 1019 ;-19
19? ~
Toiaon
Boordmon
Be t
MNana _
P
H
e
yton
Tale. Room _._
Hollomon ___._
Gandy ____
"'/%¢eh
9 44- 21.52/5 - H
_|-I-1|!- as-0-_-, '-be-pK - :92f-'--J-.-t-e.
l .-can I958
l'.'-'{I_,sI_ii-|-
__CWash. Post ondA__i
Times Herald
Wash. News ii
Wash. Star i...__.._.
N. Y. Herold _.__
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_..._.._
American
N. Y. Mirror i
N. Y. Dolly News ._
N. Y. Times i__
Daily Worker __._._
The Worker _....___
New Lender
Date -Hlar9: M3.
... E .... __! L!
0,-.C:'E F rem ex @0u v H
f'T" '"..92 , - A _ ' 1."
1 -MEMO T0.C0NGRESS_¢,31_-
:* In the continuing Congressional excitement about-spub
| niks, -missiles, and the lilfe, the_E§.rl_V_iarren Supreme
I Courts pro-Communist and pro-criminal decisions seem to
have been pretty largely forgotten.Paul lllfjifilliams, S. Attorney for
striking sp_eech on this subject a few'
days ago, at a gathering of I;I_e3_j_emeyprosecuting attorneys. e ' - 'Mr. Wilkiafns, though wisely voicingno disrespec for'the Warren court, re-
minded his fellow prosecutors that two
of the court's recent decisions have made
their job a lot tougher than it ought to be.
il""'l W _ One of these was the wiretapping
decision, barring from federal court trials wiretap evidence
-obtained by state or city ofcials. This decision calls for
Congressional amendment of -the Federal Communications
Act of 1934--unless, as Williams put it, Congress wants
police and prosecutors to act as if the telephone was
never invented. ' - '
The other decision which hamstrings police and prose-
.-cutors concerns a conviction for 1'81!? -in the -District of
; Columbia, which the court reversed because it said tlie a_c-
lcused had been held too long by police before they got Ta; confession from him. - o - l
; Maybe this particulal rapistiwas held too long. But
called dicta by lawyers. C ' <
1 In these, the court virtually forbade police to hold
I suspect for more than a few minutes between arrest
and arraignment, and added that the delay must not be
of a nature to give opportunity for theextraction of s
confession? ,
This decision is hampering police and prosecutors all
fver the country, and seems ante to spring an increasing
number oi plainly guilty crooks and criminals as time
goes on. _ r 92 - C
, It is to be hoped mt Congress will remembef -pretty92 £ it has a duty to protect Americans fronrenenlieiWI I - . - ecountry as well as without. _
'7 T1,.n-45,,
__ .
éij O/7?? L.
' ' 0EX 1°
the Warren court went on to make some side remarks-- ---- cTolsonocrrdmo
Belmont
Moln-
Neon
Q Parsonr I rt"; ' *l
Tn
I IW Cl _iTele. Boom ...
Hollornan _
Gandy
I a
92
. any;_z .
Wust1._Pd:§l' and _
Times Herald
Wash. News _..._
Wash. Star __..__
N. Y. Herald _._
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_._
American
N. Y. Mirror __
N. Y. Daily News
N. Y. Times ..._
Dally Worker ___
The Worker __._
New Leader __
Date ____---
F553 1955
J CI-ll RQv- 9-1'-58] '. 5!
.. .1- . K _ 1 I j HohrW g M/mggfm ........._....~......-- ~ r 1*" r ~-1 -Mitt mm t " lav' , . [CW8 ,L ' N B h » . Gt S Of G S fl H I4 ling in. the Mallory case breaks down
It has been said that there is real
ch'.nger" that Congress will be panicked
by the shrill cries of policemen and
p utors" into adopting a bill to upset5-hr%1_1J>r=meQoiirt:s J:uliu1.lii_Jil.19Qty case. It would be most unfor
on r to be ick d g ess were pan e
by imyones shrill cries. So let's not be
shrill. Let's try to look at the facts.
l The essential fact is that Mallory
has been freed although he is a guilty
man. He committed a. rape, he con-
fessed, physical evidence corroborating
the confession was produced. Mallory
was duly tried and convicted. The con-
viction was approved by the trial judge.
It was upheld in a majority opinion by
the Court of Appeals. It is not correct
to say that the procedures followed by
the police in Mali0ry's case were clearly
improper under the rule laid down by
e Supreme Court in the McNabb deci-gm some 15 years ago. Able and honest
[ridges in the trial and appellate courts
did not nd that the police had violated
Boat rule.
§ In reversing the conviction the Su-
reme Court did not hold that any of
§iallorys constitutional rights had been
fiolated. The _Fourth, Fifth and Sixth
Qinendments were not involved. What
gas involved w an interpretation ofQule 5 a! of eml Rules'4ol'__Crlm-
hial Procedur , as approved by Congress.
iis distinction is of some importance.
Q the question were_a'constitutional
Inc Congress could not fupset" the
iJurt's decision byadopting new legis-
tion. The incl question involved.-is
iudlcial interpretation of the -mm: ofgongress. What was that intent? If
is intent has been misinterpreted,
ongress should enact a law making
ear its real intent, even though this
Qould upset the Mallory ruling.
§ Rule 5 a! requires that an arrested
person be arraigned "without unneces-
ry delay. In speaking for the court5 the Mallory case, Justice Frankfurter
id: "The requirement of Rule 5 e.} is
art of the procedure devised by Con-
ess for safeguarding individual rights
ithout hampering italics supplied!
::Te§1.i,le_and intelligent .1?: e-em 65 FEB ii um: W,is hampering effective and intelligent
_ w enforcement. And iin1ois_CohgresI
'4 ts to modify the impact of therule. enforcement. iiior the judges; the
5 osecutors and thepollce one finding
:.. the Mallory opinion i'e'.i_"'greater re-
- - rictions on police procedures the-nthey
=-- in the Mcliabb or subsequent
ecisions. And unless Congress acts
1- modify the impact or the ne,'law
, forcement is going to be seriously
mpered. That view is shared by many
F- dges, lawyers and Congressmerh. not
*-- mention the -policemenmnd prose-
'_- tors. -
Another importantfact is that the
- allory rule can be modied by Con-
ress to serve the real interests of jus-
ce without creating a "police state?
reviving the terrors of the rack. "
Mal.l0rys was not a coerced or false
nfession. A deputy coroner was called
_ to examine him after he had con-
ssed. That oicial found Mallory to
' in good physical condition. And
allory told this doctor that he had not
een struck or threatened and that no
rornlses had been made to him. No
ch allegations inuenced the Supreme
urt opinion. The sole basis for strik-
~ g down the Mallory conviction, re-
ltlng in the release of a dangerous
criminal, seems to have been the delay
5.» his arraignment. We do not believe
ngress intended that mere delay in
irraignment, while police investigate
§.nd question an arrested suspect, pro-
iided the delay is not unreasonable,
Qhould serve to invalidate an otherwise
Qoiuntary confession. If this is correct,giongress, without succumbing to panic,
urely can revise the law to permit rea-
ionable detention without sacrificing the
§'i£h,t,§__Qf suspects or shooting holes3.i~.roug1-i the Bill of Rights. -._--' '
ii.Nichols .._...._..._._O Q-92 _ _ 9 __ Boordmon _._._~ " i. /92., LL ~-|s 3,-fl92 _, st! Ii» Belmont _..._
Floeen ..i_
Tole Room ...._
Hollomon ______
1};-so-ls one more iihilii
t be mentioned-the 118111 of
ublic to protection from the dept
one of criminals. This is an impel
ht, but one which sometime! e
carry less weight than the 115%
ose suspected of crime. L D10
cing Congress and the courts is
balancing and reconciling bot
ese rights-althouiih they may sl-
t times to conflict We doubt that 1
cessarily is a conict in the 6|!-1
e Mallory ruling. If there is it
reconciled And it should be rt
unless Washington is hr be
iuilcrbhsiiialairiietianui
-onel§_another 8011105 §
isms which the Mallory decilln:
posed--bf thepoliee endother the
s ch as the question of inform!
s spect of his right to remain i
1 be discussed in a subsequent
Wash Post and
Times Herald
W h News
N Y Herold
N Y Journal-
N Y Mirror
N Y Dolly News __..__
N Y Times
Dolly Worker
The WorkerRE - New Lecicler
[ °2"°?75 iii l -i~"»§<nioe"'|rI>@i@
X 46FEa 111953 -.
. _ _...,.._._ .. ...-_._.._,.... .._....--_-...-_.-_-.._.--.- &1 -------------w - -- - ---. --- --P ~- *-'-- ------
92-
' nnnnawn - ' l ' " i Mdmn i92L
KUVt 0
" i7"'N'0! Savs the .' '
llllllllllllll
- A nmmuum Ibnn '"e1-Wmmmwslbtdrm
BY o! our
national
..n Mi-'*.:.L
from crim-
inals-and at the same time pm-
an mmswnwm"nes.%f"s* " Welien: mmmtwmrights that national sud md_h.rir1=_1Q
iwmwsnmkwwm
- It is possible, under law, tor
[courtstobesosirictinproteco
thing freedoms that we will lose
em .
The condition of lawlessness is
so chaotic in Washington, itse ._
that most people are ah-aid
go out on streets at night.
"The anarchy is dreadful," the
Washington Star commented.
"A citizenwho steps into a man-
hole has a -good of com-
pensation tor his injuries, by su-
ing the District oi Columbia. The
citizen who is set upon, brutally
beaten and robbed on the streets
of Washington is without recourse.
The law is oi chief to
his assailant."
Five men ta majority of the
Supreme Court! can hsndcu law
enforcement and cripple the FBI:
techniques to catch Communists
and they can do it under the
Constitution, depending on how
they interpret lt._
at the Supreme Court does
tornatically binds every other
I erai court in the United States. 3
O-I
, 5 iu."V'|E'v? of Supme Court
Idecisions the last year bears out
how a free nation can be
shackled, under the guise oi pro-
=tecting ireedom.
In the trial of s union otcial
and Communist, the defendant de-
manded the right to inspect con-
dential FBI les. The govern--
ment refused; it would "have
meant the death oi the FBI.
The defendant appealed and the
cotu-t upheld him, ordering the
government either to let him s_ee lIi-Gongs-esslateiriwm ___
lwuomiwn
_InCsl.t1omias1eIsIeeksl£0.
inown' Commtmists were "regret-w V
turnedloosebyaiederal
judgebecauseotapneviousSu-
fpre';neComu':'i-uiiigonthemith-Comm t ct.EnInthstdecislm,theoowtruledhadtoherobbedandrapedsnd
laundered in Washington, itseli,
hetoeem'otnig1~v:-ssionnlhsvesligstion
Whensoourt-decislontreess
rapists:-aCommunist,othersoi
theirkindarequiclttoiessnsnd
take advantage .0! it. .
Illwllh-i-I1IltIl'|I0ll¢llIItIy_ .. .. .. nowerlesstoeone
"Mt U°mm.-' " m ""° """"Q street bahdits becsottiss
ing a the Cs.pitol-be-
cted.
Communist,
ernment andFnnaquea Ianrfu ins92.-A-mgscnn um. yuan; -nu
,'psrty membership to be a con-
spiracy to overthrow the govern-
ment. l-le is tree to spread propa-
to overthrow the govern-lment. . I F
But to try him tor conspire .
ti must catch him in the -
al act oi overthrowing the gov-
ernmt. i11e court ruled that was
what Congress "intended" to
mean when it passed the Antl-
Communist Act. But Congress it-
- sell made it plain otherwise.
- s-O-I oomonnnuoxan unennm|tnanevertaetsuchasthrow-
tore
He
eventh
lions oi subversive: were ham-
F strung under the Watkins case.
The House Un-American Ac-
tivities Committee was set in " , "Pl'1934 under a resolution by the
l House itself that clearly explains
its purpose and scope, ' "
Watkins wouldn't talk. He was
con-vista tor mitten-ipt oi Con-
gress. The court reversed his con-
viction._It ruled that neither the
l-louse resolution setting up theIth
Supreme Court decision limiting
their right to question criminals
beiore arraignment.
One congressman has supplied
his women employees with police
whistles. Many carry guns. -
Washington is now 45 per cent
colored. its terric racial prob-
lem has degenerated into a crimi-
ns.l problem. The Supreme Court
helped create both.
Washington poiice say i oi i
es in the capital are com-
'tted by Negroes. In crimes
enoe on streets 9 oi 10 crim
e committed by Negroes. Th
muggers and yokers" slip up be-hinll unn sslanlrn unu as-abs -auuusan-I-nu ;vu| 1-nuns J-vu, luv Lynn
purse. heat you and dash oi! into
the darkness. ,
There are uiiually no witnesses.
It police are fortunate enough to
pick up suspects, they can not
hold them too longnccordi1ig to
the 'Courtior questioning.
The FBI can not tsp wires to5%
57
s,- J t - e e he to on '7': rI *4 J .
1-. .~
.' J ...l..U_.'._ -_ DAVID
11-rs naraarllznr orJusr|csgta1-ted inthe
mm to vlgclously the Prohibition laws@vlC92Bd92 lllk':K&llI1IAlIlClId'lIt,ii|ltAIII1ClIl'
peoplesoondemandedrepeallnlessthantenmonths
_ai'ierti:eiisti92rnencimeatwass|sh|nittedtnthe§tai:es
.byce9¢ei;.hvuaay'edopceem4,ma-enn-n-.
enntroIofIiquoraaleswasvenedi:::e8tah=._
.'_'l"ohy,_lfternearly_f|:!|:_'Jeat92s,theedictdthe
8uprenseCm:rtdtheUnitedStateso|-des-ingsegrcggr
tionbannedhthepubl.icschoolshasnotbeenen-
c ,kre|-euluneagheutuaeeuuao-y-'eveainn>eNaru>-no
'----_,-Y ,,_*sstaaocompI'ahthepurpoaesaetfor1hbyaeCourt.
.ItI'dlhlayI7,1954,T;hesuprenselawdthehnd"i- .|" e.-=----92-4---1 : A
_, "Wee_on|et_:hmto.Equestion'presented:lJoesseg-
s gregatinnofehildreninpublieschoolssolelymthe' Mb if _iaaanuasvrw
baaisofraoe,ev'ens0I-lghttiephysimlfadlitiesand
otha"tangiblefac1sonmaybeequal,deprivethe
of the minority i group of equal educational" 7
We believe that it does.
'I'heCourtwentontostressthehnportanced"in-
-tangible considerations. such as ability to engage in
and exchange views with other students,"
and then added: '
Toieparatethernfromothersofsimilarageand
qualications solely because of tho": race generates a
feelzingofinferiorityastotheirstatusinthecommw
nity oat may ect weir hearts and minds in a way
unlikely ever to be undone. _
Relying on that declaration, the Chicago branch of
3* J
Qlored People complained recently that in that city
only 9 per cent of the elementary schools are mixed
racially, that 70 per cent are predominantly white, that
21 per cent are predominantly Negro, and that, as a
consequence, "90 per cent of Chicago pub1icelemen-
tary-school pupils attended de facfo segregated schools.
|n New York City the situation is best de-
IC-"ibcd in an article in the New York Times by its
education editor, Benjamin Fine, who writes:n ENFORCE THE "LAW"! .
LAWREN~. R
§v~preme,C%r.n.»./ APeoplehndol:hergroups,littlechangehastak.enplace
iadiatrictlinesfore1ementaryschools.Acenn'a1aon-
iqunit,euthorisedbytheBoardolEducaoasevera1
months-ago,isstil1littlemorethanapaperagm¢y....
S100,0Mtostudyaomng lines
andchangetheznwherenecessazytohelpintegration.
The1":'|naawrihergoaantosaythat itisdoubtful
that,completeintegrationifbytl:atte1'mismeant1e
eliminatioaof aegegatedachools--caneverbeav
compliahedinthecity"becausethesehooladministra-
tion is insistent "that the principle of neighborhood
sc.hoolsremainintac_t."'»- .. -
H1twhatdthe1ight:sof:eNeg1'oesunderf'the_-.-.-.- I-1 -I LL I-_j A-._ -._l-- ll-an--I J-up-b3n_a-I
oppo|'tun:' 'ties," regardlel of residence?
New York City's School Superintendent in a recent
reportsaid1:hatl,51Ilehi1drena1ebeingtakenshcI'ti
-an-n
92
-'92
!9?
gm
_ --- --~1nn.n-_
uP142 - I .
ADD 1 count wvssa PE-920-20 ll; Q! :cj B; mun __Mohr
Para
Hon /I
Tu
lotto:
MI. Noun ii
T010. Room i-
HI. Hollom ----
llisa Gundlf --
I
;-1»...-----J i ' ,1.» -..-_..--- - ~-u-.~,-'-- ~, - ~ i »-- .._.__-T-_-,, _..._._ H ,.__ D .. __
~MEANTIHE SDI» E D'O.B.E.! SI-IAR ATTACHED WHAT HE CALLEDA "SUS'I'AINED AND INSIDIOUS" DRIVE AGAINST TH CO O HE ALSO COMPLAINED AT THE GROWING TENDENC ON T OFCONGRESS TO SET ITSELF UP' TO REVERSE DECISIONS 01-" THE COURT-HORSE MADE THE STATEMENTS AS HE INTRODUCED A BILL TO REQUIRETHAT PERSONS ACCUSED OR SUSPECT]-ID OF FEDERAL CRIMES BE TOLD OF THEIRRIGHTS TO COUNSEL AND OTHER RIGHTS "AT THE EARLIEST APPROPRIATE TIME.2/21--N418?
_... __ 92...._.,,,.._-. _ ._ ,. T ,__,T_ __ ,_.
. 11 .._ 5?:0 92=&°_ E i%§ERE,5,3§§,+
. ,1: 4-1 FEB 251953
5 »V1-lIIi¢-llqiii
vi I_.L I E, 1 P W I MW
I 1 ----'- ! - ""' "" J
GID
:1:' ' 41.1 836/. m n
Mr. Belrhon __-II -_ ' ' 1 W Mohr f92 Mr. Pars 5%L Hr.Has4 ' TMr. Tarrwg
Mr. Trotter ,;__...
Mr. Nease _i-
Tele. Room L|/ M1. Hollomun _..._
Miss Gundy ..i
QPQ9 ' '
COURT!
, ROBERT HO
ccuw" ' '"' E
ESE SHOULD ACT TO CHECK THE "ENCROACHHD~T"SLL Cr lht SENATE INTERNAL SECURITY
~'SUBCOwTTEEOF TH
s " ' EGISLATIVE rumrxous. Nnomu , A mmnm: ran THE REPL'BLICAI92' ¢El92AT0RI AL uommmou ' -. IN HEN JERSEY SAID IN TESTIMONY PREPARED FOR THE INTERNAL SECURITY GROUP THAT!AN 'ASSRESSIUE MAJORITY ON THE SUPPERE COURT HAS BEER HASTENING THEDECLINE OF CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATORY POWER.
THE FORMER NEW YORK JUDGE URGED APPRCUAE CF A BILL TO RESTRIGT THECOURT'S APPELLATE JURISDICTION BY REMFUING ITS AUTHORITY OVER CASESGROWING OUT OF CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATIONS.
THE MEASURE ALSO WOULD REMOVE THE QQURT'S APPECASES INVOLVING STATE SUBVERSIUE LAWS, GOVERNMENT T
CASES INVCLVING CONTEMPT OF CONGRESS.
MORRIS SAID THE CONSTITUTION MAKES IT CLEAR THAT CONGRESS HAS NOT ONLY THE POWER BUT THE DUTY TO REGULATE AND MAKE EXCEPTIONS TO THE
APPELLATE JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT UHENEVER NECE 'SSARY= AHORRIS SAID THIS IS AN OBLIGATION THAT CONGRESS'CANNOT TAKE LIGHTLOR DISMISS. THE CHECK*AND-BALANCE SYSTEM CF THE CONSTITUTION MUST BEAFFIRMATIVELY PRESERVED AND CONGRESS CANNOT ABDICATE WHERE ITS IRESPONSIBILITIES ARE SO CLARLY DEFINED ' '
. T22.9£"'5.1t~;.I"£.E§Sh: *i¬._§5I.12,. 1¢9»§@PEssEs HM CONSISTMLY 92 /nun-..Iu LU IN IHL PACE U! LNCCRACHNENTS ON THEIR DUTIES -ND POWERS DY VSRESSIVE JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY 'HE SAID THAT AT A TIME OF GREAT CRISIS TO UHICH UE ARE DRAUINCggga EVERY DAY, HE NEED THE FULL BENEFIT OF OUR CHECK*AND*BALANCI
0 _ Ii-up -Q/Ir. I
F.
I
j
._.a.
-7¢=Ii-'1
91.... <1.-ere-_
-if, a'...- __.. .._ _. s-'_:'=
ta .;. 7
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lFilv. |iD-19-57]
iii
F .F3
Anniilr NH ]us!r'r'e -~ #-
Al the M-riatr iri'irri.ii 5-£~.'t.|hl} Subcommitteerened hearings on the Jenner bill to undercut
th upreme Court. it heard a novel argument to
the ehect that the measure is unconstitutional. The
leading testimony this time is very different from
that ottered last year when the Subcommittee
heard only the author ot the bill and I staff mem-
ber and then reported it lavorably. Leaving asiiie
the arguments of the extreme rightists, the bill
is now being accurately pictured as a agrant
attack upon our constitutional system.
Mr. Jenners bill would deprive the Supreme
Court of jurisdiction to hear cases in live specied
categories. What it means is that the Senator
wishes to discipline the Court tor handing down
various liberal decisions with which he disagrees
and to prevent it from deciding similar cases in
the future. His excuse for using this method is
that Congress once before, in 1868, withdrew the
jurisdiction of the Court to hear a hat:-ea; eorpu;
case and the Court bowed to that edict. Because
of the unanimity of the Court in that case arid the
recognition by the Court in other cases that Con-
gress may curtail its jurisdiction, there has been
a widespread assumption that the Jenner hiil would
be upheld if passed. '
Attorney Joseph L. Rauh, who analyzed the bill/2/¢~:lii.SO|"l 4-
___.4/xi-1r'tTi' J' i-'-elzuu. L47 'v'l-.hlI
f ,¬Cll$0l'l, R0
Ta:
Tr ti!
Cir-iyton __LW Tele. Room
Hollornon ._
Goody _---
i.
.XVu_.i'-
for Americans for Democratic Action, has serious £__ 7 //-/4doubts on this point. He recognized the sweed ' I -
oi the language in which the Constitution iives i-inf ppq:H_UE.5.--the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction tin all '4a1hmBRb -iagis--L
cases in which it does not have original jurisdic-
tirmi "with such exceptions and under such regu-
lations as the Congress shall make." But he also
pointed to Chief Justice Marshall: intimation that
Congress coutd not deprive the Supreme Court
of all its appellate jurisdiction. Other authorities
argue that the Founding Fathers could not have
intended to leave in the hands of Congress the
power to destroy the role of the supreme Court
in the constitutional system.
Certainly a strong argument can be made along
ll'llS line, although it runs against some very spe-
cic language in the Constitution. We surmise
that the Founding Fathers did intend to leave
Congress discretion in adjusting the jurisdiction
of the Supreme Court. a very dubious decision
indeed, but they also expected Congress to exer-
cise common sense. The fact that Congresl has
ventured into this delicate area only once and has
since been thoroughly ashamed of its conduct
should be sufficient answer to Mr. Jenner. Regard-
less of what the present Supreme Court might
do if the broad issue raised by the Jenner. bill
Should ever reach it, the Judiciary Committee
itself should bury this antijustice maneuver under
such a mountain of opprblal ll no naturelegjnll-he-4'11! be inclined to Niki It iI - "Li. iWosh. P-15! and
Times Herold
Wash. News _._.
Wash. Star i.
Y; Herold _
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_
American
N. Y. Mirror __
i. Daily hie
N. Y. Times _
Daily Worker .-
The Worker .__.
New Leoder _
Dcite ._----
_. .iiQS
W _,._._,-..__------'-- _ w
i"9292
W
I
| 92-i 1' J"!G-l9 F'ev .3-29-5*; '
iiF14/Q2,' $1
Rogers Criticizes
To Guide Sueces
an-ab; oeiniu Ilium in
llogqe yesterday opposed lava President It** * ' lllii i.l|ei'ectiva.lIlded that he HQ
t for a statute aathuiaingap roved by a Home Judiciary Zresalonll leaders to adSu mmittee hat week. '
The Democratic-backed bill
declares the meaning of the
disability clause in ihe Coni-
ahall decide Presidential dis-
ability when the Chief Execu
tive tails to act. It sets up a
commission dominated by mem
bera of Congress to advise Qa-
Vice President. The cominis
lion would have power to re
store a recovered President to
refused to ate itConnreulhat
:the Vice Preeldeat. Tia! can
do that anyway. he aald.
. The House bill, which was
approved in subcommittee by
was not considered at yester-
day's meeting of the hail HouseJudiciary Committee. Chair-Iman Emanuel Celler ii!-N. Y!.
its sponsor, eeid he would L";
to get it before the Committee
at next Tuesday; meeting.
Roger: also announced his
y Sen. William Jenner lm job il the Vice Presidentbosiiln to a bill Iponsorcdp do 'n.
Rogers told a press confer-
%A192'8$ my Dower to e commis--lnd.! to strip Lhnjpgg,
enate Internal Security Subence the hiii is unconstitu- o of its power to reviewtional to the extent that it aecurity caaea. The
non dominated by the Icgisla
tire branch. The power to de-
ride dlhabillly is now vested
by the Constitution in the
executive branch and could be
transferred to another branch
only by constitutional amend-
ment. he I-aid.
TTf92RPIs said he was opposedin "rating a commission from,_
_4
AH 3 1953tution is that the Vice President I ulilht 3'1°'3 Pl"-I W7-0.
Eommittee is hoidij hearingon the bill. S=
Rogers said he would pre-
ent his views to ihe 'oi'T1mii.-
ee. His only comment yester-
ay wls: "I don't think v-vu
hould pack the Court III are
W1! I18 ilfisdlfll he new
on disagree with -- iii-
ions! - ~ -I__~..-.-- - -r - '_ ' .,.,, ..__.._._._,..._---1____,,_...._.._....-.-_---e _____-»-
1
enI-4, -.- .1 I
I'llMob!
Mouse
Persona
Roaen u_--
Turnm ._-._--_-
Trotter
Clo Ylon_,i_._._.-
Tele -
1| -
Gcmdv "
O
_4 I _ _ , A
: /1% i»1é5T*a
-'~?I921AFl 3,1958
-I--_. _._._...__ _-p-~-
f
/
Tm ;->*Hero1d
'ii.1.~.'. H9-HS
W-1s.'.. 5Y1: _._-_--.-.-
74. Y. Herold
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-._____._
American
Y. Mirror
Y.Dai1¥ News -
N. Y. Times
Daily Vic-irker __-e_.-~
Tne Worker ____M--F»
5..
._ ' ""'.= _ ..*=§T*.~
V V 1 '_
77".A7i;-
.3;
..-.'-is
tee
*?1_'-;'~*-f.**
.-0-19 Riv. 10-39-S1] '
_ U
to limit the Supreme Courts
Jurisdiction over appeals.
' The Home of Delegates, gov-
,ernlng body oi the ABA, com-e
pleted a two-day winter meet-.
eing yesterday by adoptin: aj
resolution opposina a bill in-
troduced in the Senate by Bene-
tor Jenner, Republican of
Indiana.
The Jenner bill would take
from the high tribunal the
right to hear appeals on caaee
involving congressional com-
-lmitbees. executive security pro-
; grams, State security programs,
lschool boards. or admissions to
|the bar.
The resolution opposing this
. proposal was amended from the
1 oor to provide that rnemb s
i the ABA reserve the riaht o
riticize court decisions a
at they do not approve or d -
. prove them.
92 Asworiginally drai'ted__hy the
___ ..';. t.~* - - 5;?Y agglmeti_ . -t*- ;.,.. -,§f. '._ ' L
' 1!
|-.ll 2|' "Hi:
37°
641 MAR 181958A'ILAN'IA. Ga.. Feb. 28 M.--;ABA'5 Board of Governor; at in September. served as DeputyTh Am""*°'"'* 3" -5'5°°1 °n lithe suueltion oi Senator Wiley. Unlil 9"-W6 A"-"me! G611-does not mt conga to h'.rRepublican of Wisconsin, the-"1 in 19523' He '" m"'t "'T e
._____ _ . _.__.i...--.i____-_..---
Malone eoeoeedl Che":-tel Q.Bo|rOpposes Jenner Bill #,;1e;;ghr,_-gm;Tci urb Supreme Court #11153 °" "°' "" '°
Mr. Malone. who will be ll
bmmn; -resolution oppoaed the -Ienner|'_:'£:.:l ,,§,.,,,. §h,,,h the SJ,Ihill without expreasirm any tice Department consults with}opinions on court decisions. ithe ABA as wouellcai-hm MiBefore ending the meetma,i¬::]p3 d ::P;mt°°' mmcredthe House of Delegates elected! i-_-"1
Rose L. Malone of Roswell.'_
N. Mean. aa the ABAa presi-r
dent nominee. Sylvester C
Smith. .ir.. of Newark. N. J..
_waa chosen nominee for cha
man oi the House oi Deleaai, The election will take om '
in August at the ABAs ann l
meeting in hos nngeles. .
O3N Mo
arson: .._
Rona __._.
Tumm ____
Trotter _
Clayton ._
Tel: . Room
l-lollornon _
Gondy __
it/ ¬P
@;/ L 0
-t
s J" 1a
1-
Wosh. Post and .
Times Herold
Wash. NewsWash. Star _-Z
N. Y. Herold _.
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-__.
. American
N, Mirror _.
_Nl Y. Daily New
N. Y. Times __.
Dclily Worker __
The Worker __
New Leader _._
Dote
FEB 2 6 1953