Alfred Kinsey Part 02

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Alfred Kinsey

Alfred Kinsey Part 02

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THE 1965 KINSEY REPORT continuedfrom page 67 I- . am _______ _
inict any physical or serious psycho-
logical damage. The real problem now
becomes: By spending so much time
W11iIl£_,our children about the dangers
that surround every strange man, do
,We Perhaps do more harm than good?
 My present associates at the Insti-
tute for Sex ResearchJohn Gagnon,
the sociologist, and Cornelia Christen-
s°n, our curatorand I are rmly con-
vinced that lurid warnings are harmful;
,we feel that they tend to encourage a
"sort of paranoid fear of all strangers and
all rnen and even of life&#39;s situations in
89Yl_9l.al, without really preventing any
signicant number of these incidents.
We are conrmed in this belief by an-
other, fact shown by our new report:
The man who molests a child is usually
not a stranger anyway. Like other
crimes, these happen most frequently
,in the poorer neighborhoods, and the
if offender is often a man who lives in the
same boarding house, or a neighbor or
fnend of the family, sometimes even a
relativesomeone whom the child
knows and trusts. The lurking stranger
is largely a myth.
If young girls are overwarned, per-
haps older girls are not warned enough.
Many of the older victims of rape, our
studies indicated, had actually invited
the attacknot knowingly, but through
ignorance of social custom, particularly
of the customs of young men of a dif-
ferent social class. For example, a 19-
year-old girl went to an amusement
park, missed her bus home and accepted
a ride from ve young men who were
riding away from the park in an auto-
mobile. By the young mens standards,
any girl who got into the car with them
was openly offering herself for sexual
experience; so the minute she stepped
in, rape was inevitable. The young men
did not even think of the incident as
rape, even though she resisted; they be-
lieved that her resistance was just part
of the game! Another girl of 19 was
raped when she foolishly let four boys
give her a ride home from a party; a
girl of 14 was raped by a group of boys
who picked her up in an automobile and
got her drunk.
In some neighborhoods _and small
communities, there happens to exist a
sort of unwritten law that accepting a
ride, particularly from more than one
young man, implies acceptance of
sexual relations. A girl who does not
know this-say, a college girl who her-
self comes from a well-behaved sub-
urban community but goes to another -
town to visit one of her clasamgtQ_can
~q-mm get into trouble. < I, [Ihere is a whole range of qggag
which make the problem of rape a dif-
cult one indeed. For yearsperhaps
centuriespeople have been arguing
whether a full-grown woman can be
raped at all if she really wants to resist.
Among the skeptics, we found in the
institute study, are many policemen and
prosecuting authorities. A woman who
complains of rape is likely to meet with
a certain amount of suspicion, especially
if, as so often nowadays, she turns out
to be taller than the man she accuses.
But our interviews leave no doubt
about the answer to the old ques-
tion. One of the prisoners denied rather
convincingly that he had used force;
however, when we checked his story;
we found that it had required v
titches to close the cut in the youn
woman&#39;s lip. Another who denied using
force turned out to have been armed
with a kitchen knife; another with a
pistol. Certainly any woman who values
her life can be raped, no matter how
desperately she would like to resist.
There can also be no doubt, on the
other hand, that many men who have
gone to prison for rape did not use force;
they were more or less innocent victims
of circumstance. Sometimes the young
woman submitted willingly, and later,
conscience-stricken, changed her mind.
Sometimes, when the incident was dis-
covered, the woman claimed rape rather
than admit that she had taken part will-
ingly. This seems to happen especially
often in the case of a girl living at home,
whose parents nd out that she has been
engaging in sexual activity.
There is also much room for difference
of opinion inherent in all the social cus-
toms of dating and courtship. According
to the rules, the man is supposed to be
the aggressor, the woman is supposed to
resistor pretend to resist. At what point
are the woman&#39;s protestations, which
she has been making all along, supposed
to be taken seriously? And how is the
man to know! It is a game fraught with
difficulties and danger. Sometimes a man
who ignores the protestations finds him-
self charged with rape or attempted
_rape. Sometimes the man who listens
too politely is, in fact, alienating a young
lady who might have been the perfect
wife for him. This is one of the many
ironies of our sexual customs and laws-
a subject that will be considered in next
1TflTB"&#39;Journal. "1""_ ....=:-:-|--I!-.=.i-_--A  I ._,_ 1:.-.11;--.&#39;-&#39;==..
J *  s . ~ . 92
ra 1st-the man th heP ¥__L,
_knife or the pistol, the California man
&#39;who went on the prowl in his auto-
I jmobile is a dangerous, unfeeling man.- I
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He regards women as mere objects, and
pays little attention to their physical
appearance or even age. Sometimes he is
a sadist, for whom inicting physical
harm is an important part of his pleas-
ure. Yet, strangely, although he is
among the most unlovable of men, he
often exhibits a peculiar masculine van-
ity that leads to his undoing. Some rap-
ists we interviewed were in prison for
making this kind of mistake. In their un-
thinking way they assumed that the
woman enjoyed the experience. Some-
times such a man even suggested another
meeting. When the woman had the pres-
ence of mind to agree-and the rapist
showed up for the datethe police
were waiting. Otherwise he probably
would never have been caught.
In many ways the rapist represents an
extreme example of the difference be-
tween the masculine and feminine atti-
tudes toward sexa difference that be-
came apparent in our earlier reports, and
that also proves to play an important
part in understanding sexual offenders.
One of the basic problems of our society
is the fact that the average man does not
understand the psychology and the feel-
ings of the average woman, and the av-
erage woman does not understand the
sexual drives and psychology of the
average man. In a sense, most sexual
oenders are men who have the usual
masculine misconceptions about the sex-
ual attitudes of womenbut in an ex-
treme, exaggerated and distorted form.
In next months concluding installment
of this summary of our new report, I
sh&#39;al§"ex&#39;pl1!in this in detail. %--¢

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FOR RELEASE iv UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING
WEDNESDAY, A.M- _ I964 Preliminary Annual Release
MARCH I0, I955 &#39; »
Preliminary figures for the calendar year 1964 revealed a nationwide rise of 13 percent in the
Crime Index over 1963. In actual numbers, this was an increase of more than 250,000 serious crimes
for the reporting agencies included in this release. For the country as a whole, all crime classifications
were up in volume. The crimes of violence recorded a 9 percent rise in murder, 18 percent in aggravated
assault, 19 percent in forcible rape and 12 percent in robbery. The property crimes continued the up-
swing led by auto theft up 16 percent, larceny $50 and over 13 percent, and burglary 12 percent. Total
crime increases were reported by all areas, with cities over 100,000 population as a group up 11 Percent,
suburban communities 18 percent and rural areas 9 percent.
Table I CRIME INDEX TRENDS
  Percent change I964 over I963, offenses known to the police!
. Larceny
Forci- I Aggra- $50
Population Group Number of Mur- ble Rob- vated Bur- and
and Area Agencies Population Total der rape bery assault glary over
+13Auto
theft
+16 Total all agencies 4,742 135,433,000 +13 + 9 +19 +12 +18 +12
Total cities over 25,000
Suburban area
Rural Area734
1,728
1,09478,470,000
37,352,000
20,397,000+12
+18
+ 9+13
+ 6
-13+16
+19
+33+12
+17
- 2+16
+21
+16+11
+15
+ 9+11
+22
+11+15
+20
+2
Over 1,000,000
500,000 to 1,000,000
250,000 to 500,000
100,000 to 250,000
50,000 to 100,000
25,000 to 50,000
10,000 to 25,0006
18
24
83201
402
961
Under 10,000 1759
Geographically, the trend in the volume of crime reported was consistent in all regions. All18,634,000
11,542,000
8,338,000
12,017,000
13,883,000
14,056,000
14,938,000
9,786,000+ 5
+13
+13
+19
+16
+ 18+13

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Akron
Albany
Albuquerque
Alexandria
Allentown
Amarillo
Anaheim
Arlington
Atlanta
Austin
Baltimore
Baton Rouge
Beaumont
Berkeley
* Birmingham
Boston
nnqqn
Buffalo
Cambridge
Camden
Canton
Charlotte
Chattanooga
Chicago
Cincinnati
Cleveland !Ohio
N Y
N Mex
Vi
Pa
Texas
Calii
Va
Ga
Texas
&#39; Md
La
Texas
Cali!
All
Mass
Conn
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Mass
N J
Ohio
N C
Tenn
111
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Ohio1963
1964
19631964
1963
1964
1983
1964

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Duluth
Elizabeth
El Paso
Erie _
Evinsville
W11 River
Flint
7°" Lauderclale
F011 Wayne
Fort Worth
Iieio
Garden Grove
G"?
Glendale
Grand Rapids
Greensboro
Hammond
11an1|1on
Hariiord
Honolulu
H01-lston
Indianapolis ,
Jackson
Jacksonville
Jersey City
Kansas City
Kansas City
Knoxville &#39;
Lansing
Lincoln
Liiile Rock
bong Beach
1.05 Angeles
Louisville
Lubbock
Macon
MadisonMich
Minn
N J
Texas
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ind
Mass
Mich
Fla
Ind
Texas
Cali!
Cali!
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Cali!
Mich
N C
1nd
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Hawaii
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Ind
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Fla
N J
Kans
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Tenn
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Nebr
Ark
Cali!
Cali!
KY
Texas
Gm
Wis1964
1963
1964
1963
1964
1983
1964
1963
1964
1963
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Gendyi---   SUBJECT: THE 1965 KlNS_E_Y___REPOR&#39;1Q
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BY DR. PAUUGEBHARD, INDIANA UNIVERSITYLADIES&#39;HOME JOURNAL  H  ~-~
- JUNE, 1965 9
The second and last installment of a summary of Gebhard&#39;s bookwhich will appear in July, 1965, appears in the current issue of the above magazine.
In the rst instalhnent, May, 1965, Gebhard stated that he and hisassociates feel that warnings to children concerning sex offenders "tend to encouragea sort of paranoid fear of all strangers and all men. " He said that no significantnumber of offenses are prevented and that the child molester is usually not astranger but someone who knows the child. &#39; _
" ;  _ In the current installment, Gebhard attempts to indicate the miscon-"captions between the sexes andinconsistencies in the law have causei-the unjustconfinement of men accused of alleged sex crimes. He points out that althoughthere should be no sympathyfor thie sex offender, who is oblivious to the brutality ..he imposes on his victim, it is/$9 icult to muster sympathy for men convicted of "sex offenses which are crimes only by definition. He said that the "age of legalconsent" has different interpretations in the various states and prisoners havebeen convicted of sexual assaults on females even though they may have participated n,will.i.ngly. ~
. He states that society makes a serious mistake in adopting laws andattitudes that set teenagers apart from the adult world while, in fact, they arecapable of acting like adults. _He feels that sex laws should be rewritten so thatany act between two mature people voluntarily, would be legal. He cannot understandthe attitudes expressed in the law which restricts homosexuals from relationshipsinprivate. He also condones adultery in some instances.
V  " 0 C. &#39;1&#39;: ..~1 - Mr. DeLoach  §_G&#39;-X8 ---L/. ..  .1,
5gbqe, .§.1I:_108 B JUN 9 was 9

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M. A. Jones to DeLoach Memo
RE: THE 1965 KINSEY REPORT
In summarizing, he said sex criminals can be divided into two_ groups: ! Child molesters, exhibitionists and obscene phone callers who must .be restrained by society. ! Men who have been indiscreet but not vicious andconducted their activities in private with a willing partner. . -
- Bufiles reflect, as indicated in the memo regarding the rst ofthese articles, Gebhard refused in July, 1957, to furnish the names of persons whofurnished the obscene material he was using in his research at Indiana Universityon the ground he had promised his sources not to reveal their identities.
- _RE COMMENDATIQN:
For information. ~
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I
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PART || THgllV|MORALlTYJ I I or dun sEx&#39;|.Aws i
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Many of the sex offenders whom
we interviewed had arrived in
prison, in the last analysis, chiey
because of a gross error of judg-
ment: They had no concept of the
vast gulf between their own feel-
ings and the workings of the female
mind.
Some of the men guilty of rape
were convinced that their victims
must have enjoyed the experience.
They were trapped because this
fantasy led them to believe that
the women would be happy to go
out with them again.
Some of the Peeping Toms were
caught because they deliberately
made a noise to announce their
presence-in the mistaken belief
that the women must have enjoyed
being peeped at as much as they
enjoyed peeping.
In milder forms, this kind of
misunderstanding often occurs in
our society. As the previous re-
ports of the Institute for Sex Re-
search have shown, the average
man is poised as delicately as a
seismograph, ready to respond tur-
bulently to the faintest kind of
sexual stimulus; he is quickly
aroused by a whiff of perfume, the
sight of a neat ankle, a photograph
of a movie starlet in a bikini, or
just by his own thoughts. He fre-
quently assumes that women are
poised in the same way; he ex-
pects them to be as constantly
concemed about sex as he is. But
he is badly mistaken. Only about
one woman in three shares this
masculine attitude toward sex. The
others-the great majority, the
typical womenseldom thinks.
about sex except at such times as
they are actually engaging in it,
and for many of them this is an
experience that they can pretty
much take or leave alone.
These psychological differences
account for a great deal of trouble
between the sexes. Wives cannot
understand why their husbands
should stare at girls on the street
or in chorus lines, or why men get
the notion of making love at times
that, by any sensible standards,
are inconvenient. Husbands are
upset by what they consider their
wives unresponsivenessin
other words, their failure to be
preoccupied with sex at all times.
Even the most normal and cir-
cumspect of people are often trou-
bled by these psychological misun-
derstandings. The sexual offender
is often a man in whom the mis-
understanding has gone past the
usual limits. This is why a rapist,
driven by his urge for sexual ex-
perience, oblivious to what kind of
women he will have it with, callous
about any brutality he may have
to show, is surprised that his vic-
tim should nd the experience dis-
tasteful; and the man who makes
obscene phone calls believes that
his victim secretly enjoys them.
In their own minds, these men are
not criminals at all.
It is difficult to muster sympa-
thy for these prisoners, but as it
happens there is another large
group of men in prison as sexual
offenders who are not really crim-
inals, except by the denition of
laws we believe to be unrealistic,
often archaic and full of ironies and
,_._..__.92REl OR I .
inconsistencies. In almost every
state of the union, for example, ahusband and wife, legally and hap- I
pily married, solid citizens of the.
community, faithful churchgoersg
and ne parents, can be sent to
prison for engaging in forms of sex
play that are approved in The
Catholic M arriage Manual. On the
other hand, many states recognize
common-law marriages as legally
valid, though from a religious point
of view nothing would seem to be
a more agrant example of living
in sin or more of an affront to
community morality.
One of the thomiest of all the
problems with which the laws and
law-enforcement oicials must deal
is the age at which a girl or young
woman becomes responsible for
her own sexual behaviorin other
words, the age of legal consent.
Most states set it at 16 or 18. T o
have relations with a young woman
who has not reached this age con-
stitutes the crime of statutory rape,
and many of the men we inter-
viewed were in prison for this of-
fense, even though the young
women in question participated
willingly. Other prisoners had been
convicted for contributing to de-
linquency because they had re-
lations with a girl whowas over
the age of consent but still consid-
ered a juvenile; according to var-
ious state laws, girls up to the age
of 21 are juveniles, legally if not
sexually.
The laws are based on the as-
sumption that girls should be pro-
tected from men who might be
tempted  continued on page 44!
0-mm
<il<5~&#39; -~ /0:374 / ~; &#39;} LADIES HOME JOURNAL"
ENCLOSURE June, 1965 page 42
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,___tQ_1*g,ke advantage oi their i
and emotional immaturity. Frequently
the laws do achieve this purpose. But at
other times they result in some strange
situations. For example, if a 21-year-old,
man has an aair with a 30-year-oldidivorcée who works as a waitress in al
tavern, society remains indierent; if he
does so with a high-school girl of 16 or
17, he is considered a corrupter of youth
and in most states a statutory rapist.
But the 30-year-old waitress may have
the mentality of a 12-year-old and no,
more sense of social responsibility thani
a 10-year-old, while the 17-year-old girl
may be a mature, all-A student.
It is diicult to draw an arbitrary line
to establish sexual maturity at any
point; but if a line must be drawn, we
believe that there are many reasons for
thinking it should be set at 16. The av-
erage 16-year-old girl is biologically an -
adult; she is sexually mature, has de- ;
veloped all the physical strength and
coordination required for living in oursociety, and has at least a basic knowl-edge of the kind of behavior that society
expects. Until this century, in which
childhood has been prolonged by the
vast expansion of high-school and col-
lege education, 16-year-olds were ac-
cepted as members of adult society,
and many girls married at 16.  One of
the prisoners who aroused the most
sympathy among the institute sta
was a Mexican boy who had been
convicted of statutory rape with a
16-year-old girl; he pointed out almost
teariully that his own mother was 16
when he was born.!
Our feeling at the institute is that so- ,-
ciety makes a serious mistake in adopt-92
r
ing laws and attitudes that set teen- Y
agers apart from the adult world; when
we treat teen-agers like children, we en-
courage them to behave like children,
while in fact they are capable of acting
dults-if we could only et them.-.-1.. -.1 5! ~._..,<,._-r.._-¢_..,_ r. q»_  _ ,  ;_»  _ _ 2-. _. - _ ._-.;.<--1.-&#39;-.&#39;;&#39;..-,i,-._. ;.&#39;.¢/~-U.-. .-.4-_ x - . N... .- .1- ..¢u-__...~- -»-
__M,L_pe,rsonal opinion is that the sex
laws should be rewritten so that"5rT:TEt"
between two mature peopleas long as
it is engaged in voluntarily and in
private-would be legal.  This is also
the recommendation of the Anglican
Church, the American Law Institute
and Britain&#39;s Wolfenden Committee,
and is the gist of the new sexual statutes
quietly adopted by the state of Illinois
in 1961.! Such a law would be far more
suited to our modern worldand would
result in.iar fewer injusticesthan the
old-fashioned statutes now on the books.
One of the great problems now is that
society&#39;s attitude toward sex and its sex
laws are in open conict. We live in a
highly charged sexual atmosphere; the
ever-present message of our literature,
our movies and our advertisements is
Be sexual ; nd romance; get a mate."
But our laws say that all sexual be-
havior outside marriage is a crime.
If early marriage were possible and
desirable for everyone, perhaps the con-
ict would be less acute. But the de-
mands of our complex civilization delay
the age of marriage, especially for the
most intelligent and most sensitive of
our young people, the ones who go to
college. And we have never squarely
faced the fact that some people do not
really wish to get married; others, be-
cause of personality quirks, really should
never marry-they are foredoomed to
be bad husbands or wives, and would beeven worse parents. Society makes not
provision fome people unsuited for marriage, nor does it exempt them from th%
sexual propaganda that surrounds us.
They are constantly urged from all sides
to lead a rich, full sex liieyet prohibited
by law from doing so.
Under laws such as I have suggested,
and the state of Illinois has adopted,
many of the men welinterviewed would
never have been in prison at allinclud-
ing the substantial number who had
been convicted on charges of statutory
rape or contributing to delinquency"
involving girls over 16; of adultery with
older women and of homosexual oenses
involving no use of force.
We realize thatmany Americans may
be shocked by this recommendation, yet
all these acts, in the opinion of the in-
stitute sta, are crimes in name only.
We feel that it is one thing to deplore
the sexual behavior of adults on moral
grounds or even grounds of good taste-
but quite another to send them to prison
and keep them there at an expense that
is equal, in most cases, to the cost of
__pr_Qyig1i_ng a young man with the same
number of years of a college ed&#39;ucation. I
»

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1lcial y parents, believe that our present
sex laws  and the convictions obtained
in their enforcement! are a powerful de-
terrent against more sex crimes. Our
research, however, does not bear out
this view. It seems to be a rule that laws
cannot be expected to change sexual be-
havior very much; the laws can punish,
but not correct or cure, nor eiren prevent
to any great extent.
By the time of adolescence, or cer-
tainly by the time of adulthood, every
persons sexual habits and preferences
seem to be quite rigidly established-
partly by innate physical and glandular
factors, partly by social conditioning,
partly by the rather mysterious forces
that the psychoanalysts nd at work in
our childhoods. The homosexual, for ex-
ample, is not a homosexual by choice
but by force of circumstance. He cannot
help being a homosexual and cannot
change, except possibly through psy-
chiatric treatment. To us, these circum-_
stances are grounds enough to ask: If he
conducts his homosexual activity in
private and only with other homosexuals,
why should society be concerned?
Adultery is another problem of our
society that is more complex than most
of us think. Even aside from religious or
moral considerations, society certainly 
has a stake in preventing adultery, for
the family is the whole basis of our social
structure; and one apparently obvious f
way to insure that marriages will last is
to discourage sexual gratication with
anyone except the legal husband or the
legal wife. But a closer look shows that
this ideal may not always t the bio-
logical truth. A man and wife can be
mismated sexually; or they can become
sexually unattractive; or years of in-
timacy can produce the urge for novelty.
Undoubtedly many marriages are
broken up by a husband or a wife who
has become sexually dissatised. If the
law, social custom and moral considera- 
tions permitted gratication outside the l
marriage, doubtless many of these mar~,
riages would survive, as they do in the l
Latin American and Southern European l
countries, where affairs with a mistressl
i
1
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fa.
3
.
or a lover are condoned. On the other
hand, there is a great deal to be said,
against extramarital dalliances even on ;
,t.h.s_.si.g;plest practical grounds. Theyiusually involve jealousy and 1Ct1OI1,ai->
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|"rim-1-mimately breaks up the nine--»
riage anyway, or makes it a mockery.
The entire matter is fraught with nu-
ances of practicality, morality, religious
attitudes and the complicated structure
of human emotions. It is far too delicate
a question to be solved by a law that
simply states that the man or woman
who commits adultery must go to prison
nd be supported there by society.
Even under the kind of law I have
suggested, many problems of enforce-
ment and justice would remain. What
should society do, for example, about
men who commit statutory rape with
girls under 16, and about the girls who
get involved! If thae men were sex
fiends" who deliberately set out to se-
duce the girls, then the message of our
report would be that society should be
alert to the danger of a large group of
vicious Don Juans preying on the inno-
cent and immature. But, in 110 cases
where we had both the prisoner&#39;s story
and the oicial record for verication, it
turned out that in 99 of them there was
agreement that the girl had done ab-
solutely nothing to discourage the man.
Some of the men we found in prison
could not possibly have known that the
girl was under 16she looked, dressed
and acted more mature. The men were,
in a sense, victims of a deception-and
so, in a pathetic way, were the girls
athemselves. Many girlsin their early
teens hate the idea,of being so young.
Some of them will do anything in their
power to seem old and wise beyond their
ears. They have older friends who are
going out with mature young men, and
they try their best to keep up. Usually
they merely seek companionship; they
want to make friends and have a good
time. They do not necessarily want
exual experience, and may even fear it,
et come to consider it the price they
must pay. Or they may become trapped
by their own masquerade; they are not
experienced enough to have learned the
ne art of escaping unwanted sexual
relations, and after so carefully contriv-
ing the pretense of sophistication, they
nd it unbearable to back out at the last
minute and reveal themselves as child-
ish frauds. Are these girls really "bad"
or just unfortunate? And are their boy-
j;im1ds__5ex criminals or just ordinary

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One way of summarizing the insti- i
tutes report would be this: WherT&#39;i&#39;é-""
world talks about sex criminals," it is ;
talking about many kinds of men. These l
can be roughly divided into two groups.
About Group I there can be no doubt;
these men, the callous rapists, the child
molesters, the exhibitionists and ob-
scene phone callers, are indeed guilty of
antisocial conduct; society must some- Ihow try to restrain them. Fortunatelythey are far less common than all the
recent discussion of sex crimes has led
most people to believe; the danger the
average woman and her children face
from them has been greatly exaggerated.
Group II is made up of men who may
have been indiscreet, may have been
immoral, but were in no sense vicious; -
they did what they did in private, and
with a willing partner: Such are many of
the men convicted of statutory rape,
adultery or fornication, and most of the
homosexuals. They help inate the
statistics and add to our fears about sex
crime. Actually they merely prove that
sexual adjustment is difficult ad"E3FE7&#39;
pTIE§Te&#39;iTT?Y our modern civilization. I
-an-n._____ O  """"&#39;"&#39;"~ &#39;-~-
THIS ARTICLE, BY THE LATE DR. ALFRED c.
KlNSEYS succEssoR As DIRECTOR OF THE
INSTITUTE FOR SEX REsEARcH, IS DRAWN FROM
THE FOURTH AND LATEST or THE FAMOUS "Km.
sEv REPORTS," To BE PUBLISHED m JULY. IT
CONTAINS THE INSTITUTES oenmous on HOW
ms-:.a.|1:A.u sEx LAWS SHOULD BE CHANGED.
THESE CONCLUSIONS ARE HIGHLY CONTROVER-..- ,-,.-  -_92;1~ _.._.__._-  E&#39; 1 ... .&#39;r .. *. .   -"-  ;-&#39;.-" L&#39;,"--  .~.&#39;- - » ..-~~ . _ , , ,. , __ .. . _. 92~ ~ .- _ _ _ - D    ,  I >-_ _  .. .,,~ v, _ .. - I  ~ -&#39; ~* < -.-._&#39;,-_,v * ... .. ._.. . .,.<___ &#39;_. .-. I - _&#39;----.&#39; -:-~    .&#39; - 2 5 ~,- -.-_ - I ; -.- _  -   4_>g 3 &#39;._- .-  , <.~;.-. .--,.< ..;_-. , . p    -~»  T = -_ ,._ ~Z,&#39;-  .1  .*--".~x- "A:-~1 &#39; -.&#39;- -. &#39; -" -1-: .-_.-./1&#39;.1- ". .~_ -,--.,.--e _._-.g_.._- .,~,-~*_., .--_<., q__-,-_- --~_ . -- -_ A/- _ 92 . 92 I, 92 92 ,,._ I: , _  , 1.. ._ .__.. ,  . _. _ A __  _____,_L__..=_ ..<-».._;-=__~__.:_-__......._-_-__,--»- .» -. .. » .&#39; &#39; I - ~ - .1 -  ~_ ¬.---=:-.&#39;---=.-.&#39;.&#39;-.- :1;&#39;F91:&#39;»~&#39;-/.»f..&#39;-&#39;11-1:1!~:l1<f92 .-&#39; <1_.¢~- 3.1.: I. l  -"&#39; &#39; .
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pi-it
SIAL AND w|u. BE OBJECTIONABLE To
MANY PEOPLE. THE JOURNAL BELIEVES,
HOWEVER. THAT THEY DESERVE A CAREFUL
HEARING. BECAUSE THEY ARE BASED on
AN EXHAUSTIVE SCIENTIFIC STUDY orz 721
MEN OVER A PERIOD or 25 YEARs or
THEsE ME ERE SERVING PRISON
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