Thurgood Marshall Part 07

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SEPTEMBER TWELVE LAST AND
SEPTEMBER SEVEN, NINETEEN
IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN ARKANSAS, CR, COC. IN VIEW OF THE92>
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/-/F&#39;ROM SAC PHILADELPHIA 1u1752d"9292ICOVES. THURGDODLNARSHALL, USDJ, SECOND DISTRICT. RE BUTEL
saprsuaza 8, cc a|c|-mono. 
awwznvnzwzo awn nzcoumzuos. aovaszo raw PEOPLE KNOW THAT
naour 5 YEARS mo, APPLICANT TOOK 2 noun-rs LEAVE or ABSENCE
AND IORKED WITH RIGHT HONORABLE IAIN MAOLEOO, M P ON
co~sTl&#39;ru1&#39;|oN or mesnm, samsn wEsT AFRICA. As assuu
OF SERVICE RECEIVED LETTER OF COMENDATION FROM HER MAJESTY
queen ELIZABETH. sunmu MAY ossms T0 um: LEGAT 1.o~oo~
%R!FY TATED MARSHALL MAY not as me:-I.-_v newness-
rnnousuour sourn. uowsvsn, THERE as A MAN IN HIGH orrncs
m soun». mo HAS DEALT wnu APPLICANT on mrsemmou mo
RACIAL MATTERS WHO MAY NOT AGREE WITH APPLICANT IN PRINCIPLE

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IDENTIFIED MAN AS GOVERNOR J. LINDSAY ALMOND O VIRGINIA.
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FROM SAC LITTLE ROCK 77 1663
DAPLI, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT BUDED
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FOR CONTEHFT OF COURT IN THE FATTER OF
VERSUS NAACP IN THE SEVENTH JUDICIAL DI ,
QUNTY, TEXAS DATE UNKNOWN. FOR INFORMATION DALLAS, LITTLE ROCK
HAS CONDUCTED INVESTIGATION INTO ALLEGED ILLEGAL PRACTICE
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1THURGOODJNARSHALL, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT. REBUTEL NINE EIGHT LAST.
QUOTE WHO-S UHO END QUOTE, STATES APPLICANT MEMBER OF NATIONAL
BAR ASSOCIATION. NEW YORK INQUIRIES NEGATIVE TILL TODAY, WHEN INFORMATDD
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ORGANIZATION
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COVES, THURGOOD"MARSHALL, US CIRCUIT JUDGE, SECOND CIRCUIT.
REBUTEL SEPTEMBER EIGHT, E LAST, NO COPY MEMPHIS,
BUDED SEPTEMBER FIFTEEN, NEXT. BORN JULY TWO, NINETEEN EIGHT,T-.-.:mr._....
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FROM SAC NEW YORK T7"26395
BALTIMORE, TO WILLIAM AND NORMA MARSHALL. EMPLOYED SINCE
NINETEEN THIRTY SIX AS COUNSEL FOR NAACP OR DIRECTOR DASH

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ID SAC PITTSBURGH 7-5703!
FBOI DIRECTOR FBI 7-33337!
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&#39;l&#39;EUBGOOD&#39;lARSHA.LL, DAPLI, UBCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT. R3 PG I&#39;D-TIO Z130 I
IPTEIBEB THIBTIII, LAST. BURIP IO BEACH BUREAU HIKE A.I. B
IIGBTISH, IE1. BUDRD IUST BE IE1.IVE
EPTIIBER
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COMMUNICATIONSSE? 1 -1 I961 -...._.
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NOTE On 9-8-61 requ received tron Assistant Deputy Attorney
General Dolan for expedite investigation oi In sh 11 11&#39;eleen._.._i
Bell|el921_..._.,...__ :
c....a___._ yion 0! U. S. Circuit Judge, Second Circuit.D¢l.,m|=h..-.-..- .
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FROM nxnzcron &#39;11-ss221* 1 P
THURGOOD MARSHALL, DAPLI, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT. RE PC FD-T.-I0
ZERO FIVE SEPTEMBER THIRTEEN, LAST. SUREP TO REACH BUREAU NINE
A.I&#39;l. SEPTEMBER EICHTEEH, NEXT. BUDED MUST SE MET.
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TO SAC ALBANY
ERIN DIRECTOR 1P
THURGOOD MARSHALL, DAPLI, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUITC RE NY AND NH TELS
SEPTEMBER FOURTEEN, INSTANT¢ AL INTERVIEW SECOND CIRCUIT JUDGES P..&#39;92D
REPRESENTATIVE NUMBER OF USDJ"&#39;S I-"RG4 THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN DISTRIC
OF NY AND SURE? TO REACH BUREAU NINE AQM. SEPTEMBER EIGHTEEN, NEXT-
BUDED MUST BE MET» COPY MAILED NY.
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THURCOODC/NARSI-IALL, usca, szcoun czncun. nssum. um: nu
u92s1, INSTRUCTINC nm ALL szcoma cxncurr Qunczs ax zmznvxzwzn.
szcoma cmcurr JUDICIAL coursnzucz arm: m:1.n mm: roumzzu
THROUGH szvznrrzzu arr unrrsrncz mu, uuu: nxx PLACID, uzw vonx. ALI
JUDGES Fnon szcoun cnzcurr nrrzunxuc 11-us cournazucz. mo 57¢,
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THO JUDGES
OPINION THE CONFERENCE WOULD NOT BE PROPER PLACE TO INTERVIEW
UACB, BY NOON FIFTEENTH INSTANT, ALBANY
INTERVIEW ALL REMAINING stcoun cmcurr JUDGES AND REPRESENTATIVE um
or soumznu AND nstznn DISTRICT JUDGES at 1.a|<z_;|7c1nf /_;_ __&#39;_*!&#39; -5;/ QT R&#39;zco"a&#39; 
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IIPTKIBII IOUITIII, IHBTAIT. AL INTERVIEW BIIDHD CIRCUIT TUNES AND
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COMMUNICATIONS
SEP 1 4%
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Inc,
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lulu¬.$..______lIO&#39;lE: On 9-8-61 request received from Assistant Deputy AttorneyM__d_ General Dolen for expedite investigation oi In-shall for Q
,;,,,,_____"""_ position oi U. 8. Circuit Judge, Second Circuit. e *2,»
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QUOTE IAITIAL SITUATIGF, F



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SIiI&#39;G L&#39;i&#39;f"&#39;r_""nn:§Au"""" "l.|-nu"&#39;""iui
CAPTIDNID QUOTE RACIAL SITUATION Ill ARKANSAS. UNQUOT3 A.PPLICAH&#39;l"S
IAIE I8 SIT IORTH IN PARAGRAPH SIX, LINE SETIR, PAG3 III] OI THE
INCIDSURS. REFER ID LR TIL SEPTIIBBR SEVEN, IIHETIIH FIFTY-SITIH, TO
SUIIAU CAPTIONID QUOTE IHTIGSATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN ARKANSAS,
CIVIL RIGHTS, CORTEIPT O! DOUBT. UNQUOTE APPLICANTS HARE IS SE1 FOR
IN LINE T8833. IIVIBI MID B39081 PERTINERT IHIORIATION. 
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BelmontM, "&#39;"&#39; NOTE: On 9-8-61 Aeeiltant Depuigy Attorney Gene:-all Dolen request
¢~lI~h=»-_-- expedite investigation oi! Iereheifl, tho is currentiy heir:
;;,_";;--- considered for the politic: at v. s. Circuit Judge, Secol:
Evan .._---_-- Circuit 0-.|...__._._ 70....._.._._ 14/ &#39;9 Q
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URGENT 9-1461 12-A3 PM
TO SAC LITTLE ROCK /T7&#39;1663/
FROM DIRECTOR /T7-88227/ 1 P
THURGOOD MARSHALL, DAPLI, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT. BUDED SEPTEMBER
FIFTEEN, NEXT. RE LR TEL SEPTEMBER THIRTEEN, LAST. REFER TO LR LET
JUNE TWENTY-NINE, LAST, LR FILE FOUR FOUR-FOUR TWO FIVE, ENTITLED
OUOTE RACIAL SITUATION, UNQUOTE ENCLOSING LETTERHEAD MEMORANDUM
CAPTIONED QUOTE RACIAL SITUATION IN ARKANSAS. UNQUOTE APPLICANT-S
NAME IS SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH SIX, LINE SEVEN, PAGE NINE OF THE
ENCLOSURE. REFER TO LR TEL SEPTEMBER SEVEN, NINETEEN FIFTY-SEVEN Tl
BUREAU CAPTIONED QUOTE INTEGRATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN ARKANSAS,
CIVIL RIGHTS, CONTENPT OF COURT. UNOUOTE APPLICANT-S NAME IS SET F!
IN LINE THREE. REVIEW AND REPORT PERTINENT INFORMATION.
END PLS ACK
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TILITYPE URGENT
I&#39;D SAC BALI.-LB 7-4413!
IIW DIRECTOR FBI 7-88227!
I&#39;HlJBG@D IABSBALL, DAPLI, UBCJ, IIIDHD CIRCUIT. II DL IIPOBT
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CUHMUNICRTIUNS SECTIONSEP 1 41951 &#39;""" ""&#39;
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 of tor§_&#39;f:c; pOl1&#39;l1OIl of U. S. Circuit Judge, Second Circuit.
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191$
URGENT 9-10-Si 9-O7
TO sac DALLAS /11-4u1s/
1-"non nmzcron 	?-ss22u 1 P
THURGOOD MARSHALL, DAPLI, USCJ, SECOND CIRCUIT; RE DL REPORT
SEPTEMBER TWELVE, LAST» DL SUBMIT SUPPLEMENTAL PAGES FOR REREP TO
mcwm: PERTINENT cm.2.¢~.crza1zn1o.~1 or SUPPLEMENTAL
PAGES MUST BE SUBMITTED TO REACH EUREAU NINE AIM. SEPTEMBER EIGHTEEN,
NEXT, 1.-.11 &#39;r.~1ou&#39;r FAIL-
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; DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
! u. 2. CIRCUIT couso JUDGE
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EEFERENCE: Bureau teletype, dated 9/5/cl. 5
-1-11¢-
aomznissaatits pass cs}
Richmond files contain various newspa
which report activities of MARSHALL in connection with
activities and civil rignts cases in which he has appeared
as counsel for the NAACP. No unfavorable information
concerning him appears in these articles and it is not
believed significant to this investigation that the contents
of these articles be included in this report.
INFORMANTS
Informants mentioned in this report are identified
as follows: "
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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""°" °"   Om: Richmond, Virginia
Date: 9 &#39; Q  &#39;
Field Office File No.:   Bureau File No.:
Wh= THUPGOOD MAFSHALL
Ulw DEPAPTMNTAI APPLICANT, UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT
IUPGE, EYCCND CIFCUIT
Synopsis:
THURGOOD MARSHALL has appeared before Federal and State
Courts, State of Va., as counsel for National Association for
Advancement of Colored People  NAACP! legal Defense and
Educational Fund. Described variously as person of good
character; as honest, reliable and able; as good civil rights
attorney; and as loyal U.£ citizen. Eeconmended by some as
qualified for position of U5. Circuit Judge and others
state his legal practice confined to civil rights matters; the
his mnowled~e of other aspects of law limited; that he has had 5
no previous Judicial experience; that he is prejudiced and
biased; and that he does not nave temperment to act
dispassionately. Unxnown to informantsfamiliar witn some
Communist Part; activities as well as identity some
Communist Party members State of Va. Credit and arrest
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DETAILS:
EDUCATION
AT FTTFICK, VIRGINIA
On -Ieptemoer 11, 19¢.-
Jirginia ;tate College, adx s 5
ner records revealed that an honorary egree
was granted to THUPGOOD MARSHALL oy this college during
Fr-=* ~&#39; P55 ,hhiseunnz aamu alum 1-nouns-ndnlsu not uunlulnuotah TILlti92be:I0§I!&#39;t!lltLlI&#39;I!l-til-l@lodlu7uwl|&#39;IlE7:l1IEin ununuuunonnhdisu-auadonsndnnwngnn. ,.;¢*}_ .
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commencement
HAFSHALL was
this degree w
to the gradua
known to herexercises on
as conferred
ting class.in Ettrick, Virginia, onlyMay El, l93. She recalled that
on the date when
and that he delivered an address
She noted that MARSHALL is
only by reputation and that she has no
first-hand knowledge concerning his activities or abilities.
A ssoc mm s JD Q 215:5 1311.5 NCFE
. b7Q1
On EeptemoeP 11.adt&#39;ised that he has Lcnown _H&#39;UF.GCOD
 e S . = t 3*
Howard Univers
an LLE degree
ootaining his
where he pract
New York Cityity
fro
law"degree
and
Virginia since about 19¢?
is-1d@=:_,5p. They were sc
, Washington, D,§., and
m this ins * a
, he returned to Baltimore, Maryl
iced law for _
was employed oy the Na
for the Advancement of Colored People
of the legal staff of this organization.
continuously employed by the NAACP sir"
oeen the chief counsel of the NAACP for
noted that Mr. MAFSHALL has §E?iiCi§Eie
and school integration cases i: carious
and has been active in different cases L"?&#39;?§,?=&#39;!&#39;3&#39;§?S&#39;3&#39;°
MAHSH£Ll obtains
bout I935. Afterd
titltion in
and,
. He then went to
ticnal Association
 NAACP! as a member
He has been
that time and ha
manv years. He
in desegregatior
parts of the Sout
n rhe Etate of. b 75,p
p-?ET 3? CWO
e s
6
le-
. 0

, ._ _ __ .r,__,
related that he has Known THUEC-5?
.  . and has teen associated with him 1!
an ??-feet
WILLIAM MARSHALL, father, deceased several years ago:
NORMA WILLIAMS MARSHALL, mother, who was employed as a
school teacher in Baltimore, Maryland, 
r about thirty-five
years, and who recently died at the home of her sister, aMrs. DODSON, in New York City; Dr. WILLIAM Ar-rt£s.sa:.I.:.,t"""
brother, Marshalton, Delaware; JOHN and 1§HG§OD, Jr. sons,
ages about four and five; and wife, QQQELIA, who was formerly
employed as a p*ivate secretary at the NAACP in New Yorx
C ty. is former wife, VIV N, diedkin aoout 1955.&#39;-	. &#39;1&#39;/, I  "I . Q " " - I / r / &#39;
&#39; / He noted that .EEHAII has never lived in Virginia
out has risited this area in connection with various C1111
Fights cases involving desegregation and school integration
which ha;e teen heard in Federal District Court and local
courts. He has lived in New Yorx City since he left his
boyhood home in Baltimore, Maryland, after practicing law
there for about a year after he ootained his law degree
from Howard University in iashington, D,C. at the present
time MARSHALL is Director of the Legal Defense and ducationz
Fund, Inc. of the HAAC?. _,fe &#39;7? ~  / I &#39; [>70
characterized MARSH.-QLL as an sole
attorney; as loyal to the United States Government; as a
person of excellent character who associates with people
of good reputation; as ethical, honest and reliaole; as
calm and judicious in his demeanor; and as one of the oest
Iv-nI"_:92-I-an-ngnli &#39;la92.v92v_é-pa in Gena; nnw-nfwvn -in 1"iv-itn IInQ&#39;l&#39;!&#39;9&#39;vl A4 092r92r92|;-Q"|!&#39;92"§|Lll-all -IIYTHI JG; q 9 J-I4 Bil. UUHIIU-J -I-ll 92&#39;Il- -llil92&#39;V92 - -I-L vhflln-ill-Vhlvs
law. He explained that he is not an attorney out that he
hascbserved MARSHALL operate in legal matters before the cot:
and regards him as a very sincere and well informed individw
in legal matters. He mentioned that MAESHALL has an
outstanding record with respect to cases he has argued teforl
the United States Supreme Court in that he has octained
favorable decisions in about thirty-four of the approximatel;
thirty-eight cases that he has handled. He ocserved that
MARSHALL is highly regarded oy his colleagues and associates
that he has a sense of fair play and justice which wouldmaxe him an excellent judge of the United States CircuiaéCourt ;%§
=....,.. 11, 1o 1
MAPSHaLL s . cu 193 B
NAACP litigation matters in the Etate or Virginia .or
approwimately ten years. He explained that he is not
acquainted with the background of HAFSHALL. out has had many
/@ . g - 1- &#39;

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an 1?-"rent _
contacts with him in an official capacity. He noted that
he regards MARSHALL an an able attorney; as an ardent
crusader for the rights of all men regardless or race or
color; as calm, collected and thorough in his demeanor and
legal arguments; as ethical and law abiding; and as
honest, forthright and loyal to this country.
He stated further that he has attended many meetings
with MARSHALL with respect to the proper course of action
the NAACP should follow within the limits of the law and he
has been impressed with his conviction and acute mental abilit
He mentioned that the NAACP has great respect for the legal
ability of MARSHALL and that MARSHALL has constantly cautioned
and counseled NAACP members to conduct their fight for civil
rights and equality within the framework of the duly
consituted courts or the land. He described HARSHALL as an
attorney who takes great pride in a good legal battle; who
is Just, honorable and judicious; and who is unemotional and
has a deep sense of responsibility for his country and for
his fellowman. He said he would highly recommend MARSHALL _for the position of United States Circuit Court Judge. k3j7 _,
tember 6
a v se
that he has appeared in _e_eral -_5e---a sour. -n A-chmcnd
on several occasions as counsel for the State of Virginia
to oppose THURGOOD MARSHALL and the NAACP in connection with
school desegregation and the so-called "NAACP Statutes"
passed by the Virginia State Legislature. These statutes
have required that the HAACP disclose its membership lists
and a list of the contributors to this organization in theState of Virginia. £9-7<:J
commented that MARSHALL is a good
attorney In civil rights matters; is intelligent, honest,
calm and conscientious; is ethical in his legal practice;
has a good personality; and handles himself well in a court
of law. He explained that his only contacts with MARSHALL
have been in connection with the above=nentioned legal
proceeding and that he Knows nothing concerning HARSHALL&#39;s
background. He explained that MARSHALL appears to be wean
in his knowledge of the law aside from strictly civil rights
matters and he said he has won several points before the
courts on procedual matters with which HARSHALL did not
seem to be familiar. He noted that MARSHALL has not, to his
knowledge, ever had any Judicial experience and does not
-14- ¢ {
in J

RH T?-7946
appear to have enough knowledge of the law to adequately
function as a United States Circuit Court Judge; however,
he emphasized that he is not in a position to furnish
a positive recommendation either for or against MARSHALL
in this respect. He pointed out that he has never heard
anything unfavorable concerning MARSHALL and that he
would, on the basis of the above-mentioned limited
association with him, recommend MARSHALL as a person ofgood character and as a loyal citizen ofithis country. lgjfl
On September ll, 1961,Fadvised tr; he has appea
tate ourts as ounsel for
- and that THURGOOD MARSHALL
has the couns the NAACP. He nted that MARSHALL
has always conducted himself with decorum and respect;
that he is honest and ethical; and that he has appeared
to be a person of good characten He knew nothing about
MARSHALL&#39;s background, but mentioned that he has never heard
anything unfavorable against him. He explained that MARSHALL
has exhibited a good Knowledge of laws relating to civil
rights matters, but has appeared to lack familiarity with
certain legal procedural matters.
He added that his contacts with MARSHALL have been
limited to actual court room argumenm; however, he commented
that he does not thina that MARSHALL is "U.S. Circuit Court
Judge timber." He explained that, in hiscpintn, MARSHALL
does not have the necessary legal background to be
qualified for a position of this sort since his practice has
been limited to the narrow avenue of civil rights; and also,
since he has had no experience as a Judge either in state or Fe
eral courts. He pointed nut, however, that he would have no
reason to question MARSHALL&#39;s sense of propriety or justice
and regards him as sincere and a loyal citizen of thiscountry.
On Se tember 61,-
informe SA
8 H limited s contacts wit GOOD MARSHALL have
to the occasions when MARSHALL has appeared in his court as
legal counsel for the NAACP. He described MARSHALL as an
able attorney; as poised and even-tempered in court; and as
dignified and respectful. He said that, to his KDOWIEGQE,
MARSHALL has had no previous experience as a Judge which fact
would make him question whether MARSHA1l.is malified to
function as Judge of the United States Circuit Court.

J
an T7-T9146
He added that he has no knowledge of 
ARSHALLs
back rounior associates but that his re utation fo B I P 1&#39;personal conduct is above reproach. He o e t that L-7C;
MARSHALL is a loyal American citizen.
explained that he would recommend MARSHALL for a Judicial
position with the reservation that his tenure in this
position might not be successful because of his lack of
experience in a judicial capacity.
-5-
92

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"°"° ""- -*"" FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIF an
9,", ._.___ Q/13/611
E/<On Septeber . l9Richmc , Virginia urn shed the
£011 I ti _-__ee_._ _-_orIg-_on:
He has known THUROOOD MARSHALL tor several yearn
and has dealt with his in connection with "sit-inc and
sit-downa" staged by Negroes at department stores and
lunch countera in thia area. He has never appeared in a
court or law as opposing counael against MARSHALL. lie
described MARSHALL as an able attorney: as reliable and
honest; as having a rair knowledge or the law in both
civil rights and other ttera; and as a loyal citizen of thi
country.
He atated further trat. inrhis opinion, MARSHALL
does not have the temperament to be a United states Circuit
Court Judge and that he would not recommend him for such a
position. Be explained that MARSHALL haa "high pre,1udicea";&#39;
is not objective; and would be biaaed and prejudiced in
favor or members this own race. He added tint MARSHALL ia,
like so man; attorneys. an advocate for a cauae and
a cr-cdadcr. & said that theee charecteietice could
definitely cake MARSHALL a poor choice tor a Judgeahip. Be
pointed out that he does not think MARSHALL could be conaciez
in hia decisions. although he might thins: his decisions were
reached tros a conscientious and diapasaionate standpoint.
It related that HLBSHKLLII such a vehement advocate on
racial mtters that he cannot see iaauea dealing with racial
matters tron a strictly legal standpoint; but viewa then fro:
the moral issues which, in his opinion. are involved. lie
consented that a judicial officer Iuat always render deciaiol
on the basis oi the legal facts presented before the court a:
proven without basin; a decision on wtnt may or what may
not be morally right in a given set of circumstances.
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ll BIG GU11-IOU. III TIUHUUUU IHHSUALL III
connection with an inquiry which the Virginia State Barhaa been aaking into hia practice or law in this atate witho
becoming a aeaber or the irginia State Bar. He mentioned
that he haa had aeveral oonrerencea with IARSHILL and that
he regarda hia as peraonable, aa an able lawyer and aa
well intoraed in the reala or civil right: atatutea. He
noted that MARSHALL it not outatanding and ia not, in hia
opinion, qualified tor the poaition or Unted Staten Circuit
Qeurt Judge, He explained that EABSHALL deee net have the
capacity to divorce hiaaelt tron his peraonal convictions to
the extent neceaaary to render a Judicial opinion on the
baaia or racta proven in a legal Ianner.
He added that he doea not tnowianything about the
background or character or IARSHALL but aaid he haa never
heard anything unfavorable againat hia in this reapect. He
atated that, aa tar aa he knows, MARSHALL haa, throughout
hia legal career, dealt only_in civil righta_caaea and,
conaequently, does not have the legal knowledge which a pera
aitting on the United Statea Circuit Court ahould have. He
alao aentioned that MARSHALL haa had no previoua judicial
experience; that he ia not unbiaaed or objective; and
that he would poaaibly lean toward deciding iaauea in favor
of neabera or hia own race in the event a queation between
aeabera or the two aajor racea in thia country were preaente
to hia for a deciaion.
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cooperative with the Virginia State Bar in connection with i
inquiry and haa delayed, without reaaon, ordera iaaued by
local Judgea to wake certain recorda and inforattn availabl
to the Bar.
I970
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Data   :,;_.g:
J9 7 Q
Richnond, Er EL w!o Es !en engaged as counsel or Ith 1||IIIIIIIiIIIIiIIIII|||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIle in
connection with litigation aatters involving the auits to
force that county to integrate its public schools, adviaed
the following: -
he haa appoaea QEUBQQCL aeneaata ah haaereua aeea
in Federal District Court in Richmond, Virginia. He aaid
that IARSHALL has been the legal counsel for the NAACP Legal
Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., on thalc occasions. He
aentioned that he does not know: mything about I4AH$HALL&#39;a back-
ground, his honesty or integrity, or his character and
loyalty to this country.
He aentioned that IARSHALL is a very weak attorney
and his knowledge of the law and legal procedures is limited.
Be noted that he haa not been inressed with IARSHALL&#39;s
courtroom demeanor and tht on nuneroua occasions the court
has &#39;aaved&#39; him by asking if he meant to convey a particular
point in his arguaenl or presentation or a matter when IARSHAIJ
clear in his ireientation.
IARSHALL has agreed with the Court as to what he Ieant to
convey; however, the Court&#39;s queation frequently was
entirely different tron the points which MARSHALL had
presented.I-a-k-a-- Ln-J Q;-b 92-_ Y_ bl-_-Ill IZICIU UUBI] J-II UIIIUIE IJIIIIUEI
Be added that he would like to be quoted directly ac
saying that "II Iarahall were a white nan, he would never beconaidered for a JudgeahiR." He atated that MARSHALL ia a
"run at the hill attorney in that hie legal ahilitiea are
below average; his legal experience appeara to have been
limited to civil righta and racial aattera; andlo is biased and
bigoted in hia approach to issues concerning the nenbers or
hia race. He noted also that IARSHALL has never, to his
knowledge, held any iort of judicial yosition and he obaerved
that, in his opinion, IARSHALL could not Judge iasuea diapassic
ately and solely on the basis of the iasues proven through
the admission or legal evidence. He said he Iuld definitely
not recommend IARSHALL aa having the ability or sense or
Juatice to be a Judge of the United States Circuit Court.
1570
m4Au&_w F"&#39;*

.q
related that
him personally. He said MARSHALL
has never apbeared in court againaihim and that he does not
known anything about his background, legal ability,
character, honesty, legal ethics or loyalty to the United
States Government. He pointed out that he has heard a great
deal about MARSHALL and has seen his name on legal documents
which he, as Attorney General, has had to sign on behalf of
the state; however, he explained that he has no personal
knowledge of MARSHALL. b7 Q,
icommented that he did not feel hewas in a posigionlgolmake any recommendation concerning
MARSHALL; however, he mentioned that the appointment of
MARSHALL to a Fedaal Judgeship would be looked upon with
disfavor in the South because of his NAACP connections and
his association as legal counsel in desegragation and school
integration matters.
-13-
9292
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__ THUBGOOD IQARSHALL is not a Ieaber of the Virginia
State Bar and that this agency has had quite a few dealings
with IARSHALL in connection with his practice in the State
"of Virginia in violation of state regulations requiring that
he be a aeaber of the Virginia State Bgr. He sentioned that
IARSHAI.-L first started to appear in the courts in Virginia in
connection with civil rights utters as s representative of
the NAACP and the Virginia State Bar forced his to work with
aeabere at thie tar and act aa ee-cegael aith thee rather
than handling the caaea by hinaelf as counsel
He added that no inforaation concerning IARSHALL
appears in the Virginia State Bar Grievance Colsittee files
since he is not a aenber of this bar. lie consented that he
has observed MARSHALL operate in the courte of Virginia in
connection with civil rights
definitely not recoasend hia
kind. He said that MARSHALL
rights matters and does not,
necesaary knowledge of otherlattera md that he would
for a Judicial position of any
has only appeared in civil
in his opinion, have the
legal aatters to be able to
function in a Judicial capacity. Be also stated that MARSHAL]
is "race conscious crazy" in that-he is only concerned with
the advance tent of his own race irrespective of the rights
of the aesbera of any other race; that he is bigoted and bias:
in his Judglents and actions on race setters; and that he coui
not give an unbiased, fair and inpartial decision in any Iatte
with respect to racial issues.1¢&#39;7cvatatcd further that nunsmu. has never,
to his know e ge, had any experience in a Judicial capacity an
he definitely would be ill qualified to operate dispassionatei
and with ability as a United States Circuit Court Judge. He
mentioned that the Virginia State Bar is a party in sose
litigation presently pending in the courts in this state to
force the NAACP and its legal Defense and Educational Fund, I:
to cease and desist fros illegally soliciting legal business
and engaging in barratry, which is encouraging a law suit
or inciting litgation. Be explained that the Virginia State
Blr feels that the NAACP and IABSHALL have been instituting
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This daeunnni eonuuns neilhsr rocommllidclilbnl nor conclusions oi the FBI. It is ihs prooorif 9| IO Fl! III! ll 131103 &#39;|your ICIIICY: ll and Its oonlsnia its hoi lo bs dtltribuisd ::::Y°92lI IqIIIC1&#39;-

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92"!!
an T7-79%
suite in civil righto and desegregation matter: in the nanea
of certain specific individual: without obtaining the
knowledgeable consent-or these individuals and without allowing
theee clients to have any control whatsoever over the caaee
in queotion. Be laid that IARSHALL hal exhibited an _
uncowproniaing temperament in his dealinge in the State of
Virginia; ha: been emotional and bialed in hil argunerh
and preaentatione; and is definitely not qualified to handle
deciliono Judicioualy and oolely on the basin or the tact:
and iaauea proven by legal evidence. Hr- enphaized that
he would consider MARSHALL the "worst qualified attorney
known to hin for the position or a Federal gudgeahip.
-12-
W

.1
"°-"= ""- I-==-W FEDERAL BUREAU OF mvssnr &#39; m
Data _
Richao an 0Virginia, advised the tollowing: k!,7C;
His only personal association with THURGOOD
IARSHALL was on one occasion in about l959 at which tine
IARSHALL appeared in Richaond City Court as a legal representa-
tive or the NAACP. Be said that, on the basis or this
aeecciaticn, he could deecrite QABSHALL as a very capable
attorney and as one who conducted Hhself in court with the
cowplete poise and ease which is born or experience in a
courtrooa. He added that MARSHALL enjoys the: reputation
among other attorneys in Richaond and Virginia as a nan or
high aoral character and integrity and as a loyal citizen
or this country.
He stated he does not feel that MARSHALL is
gualitied to eerve aa a Judge in a Federal court. In
this connecibn, he aentioned that MARSHALL has has no
previous experience as a Judge in any court and his legal
experience has been confined to the practice or law only
as a representative of the IAACP in racial natters cases. He
pointed out that iAhSHALL it io thoroughly biased in his
feelings on racial watters that he would not be able to
consider any questions in this tield in an objective aanner.
He explained that he felt MARSHALL would approach his
responsibilities as a Federal Judge with a preconceived
notion or how quesdons involving racial aatters shoul be
decided without being convinced by the weight of the evidencepresented to hil in the latter. k>-7<:/
--_-_-"rotated further that because or
IAR3HALL&#39;s biased attitude on all racial aatters and hie lack
or Judicial experience, he could not recoaaend hia for the
position of&#39;tas United States Circuit Court Judge.
b&#39;7C.
On __9,t;;/61--=*  F"&#39; *
5 Data dictoiod _  : y __ I-ii e e ~ * *
This docunont contains nallhor recommendations not conclusions oi tho I-ll. ll is tho prowl"? oi tho I-B! Ind ll 1*-Yin", W
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He has had liaited legal association with Ilr. IARSH
and that all or the association cted with racial
Iatterl goios in
IIIIIIV
574d tint he considers MARSHALL a conpeten
attorney, rilliant or outstanding lawyer, who is
weak in procedural aatters or law and the courts, but ready
to adait his weaknesses. He said that he knows or no other
real! or the law other than racial matters in which MARSHALL
has ever participated, ard believe t MARSHALL has confinedhiaselr solely to this rielm said that Hr IARSI-IALLdoes not approach litigation Elilk
i
g racial aatters as anyth
but a social latter, and sincerely believes that any law
which is contrary to his beliefs on racial matters is wrong.
?==1c that in nu opinion nu-. smsmm.
nould not be a e to render an unbiased opinion on a racial
matter broughzbefore hia as a Judge any lore than he could
re n unbiased opinion in a latter involving his brother.
said that in his opinion Hr. MARSHALL is not
qualiiied for ippointient as an appelate judge 
ne to his
specialized legal experience, and his refusal to approach
racial matters as a legal rather than a social natter.:
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This docuuaaal contains asllhor raeonaoadollona not conclusions ol tho Fl]. It is Ibo prooolif oi tbs FBI and is loaned IIroar ddsnoir: it Ind Its eontsnts are not lo ho distributed ougmwr IOI=Y- g Ks
&#39; I
92_.

A
P
1
 _.f!
92__!
an "/1-1946 A
we
On September 13, 1961, Honorable J. LINDSAY
ALMOND JR Governor of the State of Virginia was interviewed
bw$A
Governor ALMOND stated that he first became acquaint
ed with Mr. MARSHALL in 1952 at which time Governor ALMOND
was Attorney General of the State of Virginia. Governor
ALMOND stated that between 1952 and 1958 he was in numerous
legal suits in which Mr. MARSHALL appeared for the other
side. Governor ALMOND stated that all of these cases dealt
with matters of segregation. He stated that he appeared
opposite Mr. MARSHALL in District Court Appellate Courts
and the Supreme Court of the United States and found Mr.
MARSHALL to be an exceptionally capable and worthy opponent
in these cases. Governor ALMOND stated that in all the
conferences of opposing: counsel, courtroom appearances and
other meetings, Hr. MARSHALL showed the highest type of
ethical conduct and marked ability. He stated that Hr.
MARSHALL always lived up to any stipulations which had
been made and that he was obJective in his approach in
all matters in which they opposed each other.
He characterized Mr. MARSHALL as being a very
capable lawyer; level headed and highly experienced. He
stated that MARSHALL might place a more liberal interpretation
on some matters of lw, particularly those dealing with
segregation, thanmny other lawyezs would, but he felt that
from his extensive knowledge of Mr. MARSHALL&#39;s courtroom
demeanor and legal talent that MARSHALL would make a very
fine Judge. He stated that as far as deciding matters
concerning racid segregation,he believes that Mr. MARSHALL
as a Judge would lean Over backwards in order to decide
cu QQI-up; l92"$_:gl&#39;1Iln Ann &#39;Q Q93-| 3492I!§lIG bG§¬ Bu: Ln-vi] U11 ,|,uD 4.85111. IIICIJ-UB0
He further characterized Mr. MARSHALL as a man
of dignity who used restraint in his approach, knew.
his facts very well in every case and made a very powerful
impression in court.
Governor ALMOND concluded by siting that from his
knowledge of Mr. MARSHALL he would unhesitatingly recommend
h-in-92 fr921~ n &#39;h1d4n1n&#39;I nnitinn and f 1 that I - MARSHALL llqnn Q-S up u-e-.5---Q P----7" ---  ----v ..I&#39;. .---------i
would make a very good Judge.
Governor ALMOND stated that it is his honest and
sincere opinion that many people who might question the
qualifications of Mr. MARSHALL for the Judiciary would be
"1891? influenced in their Judgments because of Mr. MARSHALL
-15-  50
;_ .
~~ ~4- - - - -. »-- --------1--._ __4.,-,,-t---use ~~----,--New-4 I - ---- -------- &#39;W&#39;VD¢Q_-II-&#39;F- .----V-,1» --,,--,--|-,--_-&#39;-»-v- ~-

I
E
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»
FA
I
II-192.,1 ,1
RH T7-T96
race. Governor ALMOND stated that such Judgment is anathema
to him and he is basing his recommendation solely onHr. MABSHALL&#39;s legal ability. AD.76..
On Se r ll
n personally acqua
with THURGOOD MARSHALL for a period of about twenty years.
within the past ten years, he said he has appeared at
various public meetings and functions wan MARSHALL and has had
opportunity to observe him and his operations. e commented
that he is not an attorney and, consequently. is not in a
position to evaluate MARSHALL&#39;s legalabilityg however, he
said he knows: that MARSHALL has been associated in legal
matters on behalf of the NAACP for many years. In this
regard, he mentioned that MARSHALL has been very successful in
various civil rights cases which he has argued before different
state and Federal courts as well as the United States Supreme
Court.
..-added that he regards &#39;1!-HIRGOOD MARSHALL
to be a l  citizen; to be a reliable, honest,
pleasant, forthright and dependable person; to oe judicious and
fair in his dealings; and to be a person of excellent character
and reputation. He said he wou1d.on the oasis of the above
characteristics of MARSHALL, recommend him for the position
of United States Circuit Court Judge.
AT RICHMOND, VIRGINIA bg
MISCELLANEOUS b7L98

L
an r?-79u6
The Communist Party, United States of America , its
subdivisions, subsidiaries and affiliates have been cited oy
the Attorney General prsuant to Executive Order lJ45J.
NEWSPAPER HORGUE
On September 12, 1961, the records of the library
at the Richmond Newspapers, Inc., 110 North Fourth Street,
were found to contain only two newspaper clippings concerning
THURGOOD MARSHALL. The notation "previous envelope vanished
appeared on the outside of the envelope containing these two
clippings.
One article, which appeared in the Richmond Times-
Dispatch, a Richmond, Virginie, daily newspaper, dated
Octooer 25, 1955, reported on a speech which THUFGOOD MARSHALL
delivered before the closing session of the twentieth annual
convention.of the Virginia NAACP at Charlottesville, Virginia.
It was reported that Marsha1l,u>led the NAACP&#39;s successful
legal battle to have the United States Supreme Court declare
racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, said
Southern officials who are now talking about circumvention
are Just kicking up dust, Just Jawing with the umpire like
a baseoall player who has been called out. But, he said, when
the dust settles, they will find the mling is $111 the same."
It also reported that MARSHALL. with respect to
desegregation, said "It will oe Just as difficult 23 years
from today...and you might as well do it today and get it over
with," and trnt there was "a distinct moral as well as legal
difference between disagreement with the defiance of the
Constitution... Defiance of the laws of the land is not only
unlawful out breeds contempt for other phases of law. Defianc
of the Constitution or of the Supreme Court in regard to school
desegregation is not defiance of Negroes or the NAACP. It is
defiance of our very Government.
The other article, which appeared in the same
newspaper, dated January 25, 196!, mentioned that THURGOOD
MARSHALL, Chief Counsel for the NAAC
,went to Africa as a
special advisor to the African delegation to the Kenya
Consdtutional Conference in London.
ORGANIZATIONS
None of the individuals interviewed during the
course of this investigation knew of any organizations to which
THURGOOD MARSHALL belonged withthe exception of the NAACP,
P
-._, H, ,==
L---._......_.... ..
 ~.........._.__... . J--- _..,.._,.,._.. ..@Fmviw@ _..

I 92J
RH 57- 791:-
CREDIT
QT RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
on seeeee-bee 12. wet?
Credit Bureau of Richmond, advied that she cou locate no
information in her files identifiable with THURGOOD MARSHALL.
gT,_PE&#39;I&#39;ERSBURG , viasmm
On September ll, 1961,
Retail Merchants Credit Association, a v se?that she could locate no references in her files1 entifiable with THURGQQD MAR$HALL. CL]
!9 1
ARREST
QT RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
On September 12, 1901,
Richmond Police Department, informed that she cou locate no
references in her files identifiable with THURGOOD MARSHALL.
g? P§TER§BQRQ_§NQ,QQLO§AIL HIGHTS, VIR§INI{_
On September 11, 19¢1,l
etersburg Police Departmen ,
olonial Heights Police Department,
hat no informattn identifiable with THURGOOD
RSHALL could be found in the arrest files of their
respective agencies.
-18-
1 U
."-»,,a  I 
_ _&#39;__ ,_ _____ _ _ _m l_ _n_,.i__,_ c....,.,.  .. .." V ... ,...---n- -- **&#39;

I-1:FD-321 -25-60}
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ti
Plane Rnjer to
r?-?9#6-92
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
Title TI-IURGOOD MARSHALL
Character DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT, U.S. CIRCUIT
COURT JUDGE OND CIRCUITReference jqepgrt gf sibated 9/11-I/61
at Richmond. b-7@
All sources  e:ceep&#39;b~e.ny-H.-s&#39;t.ed--below! used in referenced
communication have furnished reliable information in the past.
7!! =;=-41"! run s nnlhrr re"-nnn 9:-:11: hl - r Q-:-|"I_l;:>n| the "3 1; -1; 1; :pQ[ ;
-.i me PEI -r: as ..- -01¢. your Qwency I no 1 = -sruoml : 0 n: to :0 nan :ule: :>ut$1:I-
fihlf &#39;.¥§l&#39;1"&#39;

1n ! L.
It !un
ID~I  I-ll-""-I
FEDERAL BUREAU OF lNVES11GATION
j _? j 9/14/61 W *9/11-11¢/6_i,_ileum WJ1 ldii
sznmulnlhlln
UEHYORK

TEI"&#39;
 -"&#39;
THURGOOD MARSHALLT
E j |""
L1.
76/
&#39; DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
1 U. S.CIRCUIT JUDGE, SECOND CIRCUIT
iThis rec:-1 &#39;!:9s cc! c&#39;:&#39;n1:»!m 1&9
|l&#39;l92&#39;:$T:ga£&#39;cr| I-:6 mil be f92|,&#39;:!:5}&#39;|gd
vnth ltdztra-a. ;=~..::.-.-.:::cn amen it is
"§.|_&#39;5:!_
"7-Aits
,»-REFERENCE: Bureau teletype to NY, 9/8/61, /-&#39; &#39; -"
1&#39; _ _ la
ADMINISTRATIVE:
NY files contain a throw-away pamphlet issued by the
/ National Federation for Constitutional Liberties announcing
a dinner at the Hotel Russell, NYC, on 4/2/44 held under the
auspices of that organization. THURGOOD MARSHALL was listed
as a sponsor. No source of this pamphlet was indicated and
I same was not located by checking the references under appli-
&#39; cant&#39;s name. Inasmuch as the source of this information is&#39;L//P not known. the information was not reported. ¢§j7 ;
i NY me 165-40092-as  report or was
5/25/60 at New York re "African Activities in &#39;¬H¬&#39;U. 5., i
IS - Africa"! reflects information pertaining to THURGOODI
P,4 _,_ I _ Y, e _ &#39;_ _ 7   __,_ _ , &#39; _ I 
&#39; &#39;1 Ipocicllqon§FPPWI4 -&#39; -&#39;._i_/   f if if ham, V D°""|""&#39;92ll&#39;l>°&#39;V&#39;l3"&#39;|&#39;°"*i if
&|inn-ado?/M/W  J E &#39;<¢*71~@e* E " _ C1 _,  . 4 ........... .. .--.~....-A -;-"_""" "Hig£a:RE&#39;DL;¢ne::ii. r.
,1" APR 1 81963
I-N it _
one cc De:&#39;ur&#39;.&#39; _-LL, B
|1T_§,_;  r&#39; _»-C  I--A "
-. é " - COVER PAGE
0-0 -p--&#39; I -_"{_ .""
i
. a m_,,,,_.m...,.n..1!»-m...-mmu-=..-........-...a.........¢.....a..»....=,..-...u...-¢  K:it-iii
-.-nII_- I
é7<;
t u. I. oevun-mun nun-|-use onncn IIII O-OIIIII - ,3.
92.._

 f!
IIY T7-26395
ADMINISTRATIVE  contd!
MARS!-IAI.»L, American constitutional lawyer, and a proposed
speaking engagement at a celebration of Africa Freedom Day
1960  April 13, 1960!. Information contained herein relative
to MARSHALL is not felt pertinent to this investigation andwas therefore not reported. 19;/1975
NY files also reflect tnawaavissd  date
and location of information not shown a in his opinion
grgvnrnnnnn unncunrf .:.. _-l4.|..__ -. _...-.-3-.5-9 -.0 
kg FD An -In 4-. -4-_.-.-.--LIIUHUUUU llH.¢JJ&#39;l.l"l-I-|.l-I 4.5 |:4.uuc.L&#39; Q l.u¢mvc.&#39;J. us. nu: va UL 4.0 a. avruugg
sympathizer and that his belief is based on the past ac-
tivities of GOOD MARSHALL. No fur informati n isshown.   when contacted on#by sb b7C/gdv se he does not recall stating ARSHALL was a CP
Triember or sympathizer. The informant said he has no knowledge
that MARSHALL was a CP member or sympathize! or ever had any
connection with the CP in any way whatever.
Ln view of the above, the original eonuaent attributedto was not reported.
File review in this as o date has b 7c
Q11g_J0int1}[ b SAS
.... PAGE

NY T7-26395
INFORMANTS
Identity
use in c
EIE G1"1:y&#39;T
O J3
reques current!
 current!
by re
aracterizing
ous   at NY re National Lawyers4» J
. Db=~»1}<¬
Contacted by File where located
instant report
instant report
III!
mentioned in report of SA
t
qr
.. C ..
C.TET PAGE
:5 M?
....r .,-,..-....a_,._.._......n4a_...H. _,, 92__< ____M____P ______k .4-.-.-.-..».e~-I -_-..--N aw. . .a 1,. .... .._ ..,_M.,. ,,,.,.,,_.,_..__, _ ,_,-Ir 

I
NY T7-25395 19;!
INEQRM5§T§* contd1
Identity 7 _%§ontactedW  _ File Hpepg Iggated
j &#39; 41* "
Careful consideration has been given to
each source concealed and T symbols were utilized in the report
only in those instances where the identities of the sources
must be concealed.
ihe other confidential informants mentioned
in this report and not otherwise identified are as follows:
",§%}b
LEADS
NEH YORK
At New YorE#:§ew Xork
Hill continue efforts to locate and interview
MAX YERGAN.- will continue efforts to contact additional
appropriate informants, at least two of which are not available
until 9/18/61.will complete Board of Elections check, difficulty
having been encountered in completing same.Hill contact additional appropriate individuals  fascertained through investigation on 9/14/61 ~-
uvnin
COVER PAGE 

J
mr "/7-26395 bg,
70INFORMANTS,1contdL kL£;
idenbitx Contacted by Elle where located
 by request!
Careful consideration has been given to each
source concealed and T symbols were utilized in the
report only in those instances where the identities of
the sources must be concealed.
The other confidential informants mentioned in
this report and not otherwise identified are as follows:
71,45V I
IEADS
HI YORK
At lieuiiark, New for};
Hill continue efforts to locate and interview
MAI YERGAR.
Hill continue efforts to contact additional
appropriate informants, at least two of which are not
available until 9/15/61.
92
Hill complete Board of Elections check, difficultyhaving been encountered in completing same. 92
92
Hill contact additional appro riate individualsascertained through investigation on 9/gk/61.
. COVER PAGE
-_p-e -
&#39;:1

92
bJI@
J+M
UN. .ED STATES DEPARTMENT OFJ -TICE
FEE.-"%AL BUREAU OF EHVEETEGATEQN
Cnwww £Jj7 ;,
Repono
  Office: ew york, yew york
ma om... rn. N». 77-26395 Bunou rn. N...
Tm-= mtmoooo mnsmm
DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
G»neu= UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE
SECOND CIRCUIT
Snpb Applicant employed by NAACP since 1936.
Associates recommend. Former and current
neighbors know nothing unfavorable concerning
him. Two members of US Court of Appeals,
second Circuit, decline to recommend MARSHALL
and question whether applicant should be
appointed. One Judge does not feel MARSHALL
has requisite general legal experience.
Associates of applicant recommend him, based
on personal knowledge of him. satisfactorycredit rating, no arrest or BSS information. kr7[Q
No grievances located. informant
stated GP
Applicant reportedly sponsor
meeting, member of National Lawyers
, member of In cal Associationand was reference of !9_:7<;J
1P3
tn
Q.
"  -17F7&#39;>"7
ilInlndh7n|&#39;a¢_l7:ltald

&#39; &#39; J
NY T7-26395
nsmns
EEEZEZEEEE
National Association For the
Advancement of Colored People  NAACP!
HAAOD T1091 Tlnfnnan and F.Annn+.&#39;lr92nn1 I ,IIPIIIVL Eillblll
 Biol 92|IllS92I $IOl92l E3191 lIIb¥ll92¬§§f~1@1=!iil_v=°.£1z21:§*=_<{¢- New iY°=&#39;1<_¢1tv _ 57¢
&#39;I&#39;IEq!sn!-9-9 on September ll, 1 , a v se app cant has een
employed by the NAACP since October, 1936, as Assistant
Special Counsel from 1936 to 1938, Special Counsel from
1938 to 1950, and since 1950 he has been Director-Counsel
of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Incorporated,
a separate corporation with otrices at l0 Columbus Circle,
New York, New York. According t¢ the applicant
attended local elementary and high schools in Baltimore,
Maryland, having been born in that city on July 2, 1908.
He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in February, 1930
from Lincoln University, Lincoln, Pennsylvania, and his LLB
degree in June, 1933 from Howard University Law School,
Washington, D. C. He was admitted to the Maryland State Bar
in October, 1933 and thereafter conducted a private racticeof law in Baltimore for about two years. She saidh
-0! the Afro-American newspaper, 628 North U115 §treet,
Baltimore, Maryland, is acquainted with this period of Mr.
MABSHALL&#39;s life. He then came to New York in the employ of
the NAACP and has been so employed since 1936.
He lives at 501 West 12326 Street, New York,
Nw York, Apartment 17F, having lived there for the past
three or four years. For approximately 17 years previously
he lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue, New York, yew York. Between
his arrival in New York City in 1936 and 1938, when he moved
to H09 Edgecombe Avenue, he lived at 150 Bradhurst Avenue,
New York, New York. ,
;.

1
NY Tr-26395
Mr. MARS!-IALL&#39;s first wife was VIVIAN BUREY, who
died approximately six or seven years ago. Approximately
one year later he married CECILIA SUYAT, his present wife.
mere were no children of the first marriage and there are /two sons of the second marriage: - &#39;
II _/, I "5&#39; ~ .5 _, - .-
&#39;1&#39;!-IURGOOD MARSHALL, J&#39;R., age 5 -&#39; - , A.. T I JOHN HILL:/m MARSHALL, age 3. s  /&#39; 1 &#39; r.f &#39;
1/ I The applicant has one brother, WILLIAM[MARSHA.LL,
M.D_.-, 3000 Newport Gap Poke, Wilmington, Delaware. His father,
WILLIAM, formerly of Baltimore, died ten or twelve years agoand his mother, Mrs. NORMA MARSHALL, a Aetired Baltimore
school teacher, died in August, 1961. .or approximately
the past six years since her retireme , Mrs. NORMA MARSHALL
had lived with her sister, Mrs. MEDI DODSON, the applicant&#39;s
aunt, at 1409 Edgecombe Avenue, New Y it City. Mrs. STOVALL
said these individuals comprise the applicant&#39;s family and
there are no others.
knew of no social clubs or organizational
affiliations o . SHALL except his membership in the
Masons.
said she is not acquainted with one
an owe of no association on the part of Mr.
MARS with this person.
u5gested the following as individuals
who know . well both personally and through his work:
Judge WILLIAM STIE
United States of Appeals
Third Circuit, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
.. M
~~ -. - -  H 44-» .._., .. .._,.__._.  ._..,_,. . . FL ,,., ,i.....,._.._...,...T.,.._..,..._......_.|.,....._..,...._.....

J
NY 77-26395
aw School l7&#39;:7 :!
ton
vania
t time she foun! him to
eater, reputat eociatee,
o a country said eheg charand undoubted loyalty 1; em . 

hee never had reaeon to doubt Mr. MARSH in en way and she
reele he would be well qualified as a federal Judge.
4-_  Kw
_. _ ..,._ _A__A._.---__._.._.  _ . . l.e._,.,..,_ M....._i_._l-Aug-..,,.
..._._,M~-A-~.~_».......__.-,i---~.-.-....,.»-7---»~A-V-V» -- --»-W? *-»»~->&#39;:&#39; 
n 92» 7-" r..

J
mr 11-26395 [970
NAACP Legal
Defense and Educational Fund, Incorporated? on September ll,
1 61 ad ised he has known and worked with Mr. MARSHALL since& In his opinion the applicant is a superior
human being whose character, loyalty, associates,reputation
and demeanor leave no reason for question. He has much
human compassion which, combined with his technical le alcom etence, would make him a very good Judge, saici b He feels Mr. MARSHALL would be one oz" the better
ieoeral Judges and his record of cases successfully argued
before the "*ed States Supreme Court attests to his legalability.  ontinued that he feels  MARSHALL
has sufficien oa und and udicial temgzement to qualifyhim as a federal Judge a_no said he has no
reservations about recommen _ng - . &#39; ALL for the federal
Judiciary.
L4
&#39; &#39; - P - * - &#39; - - -_--M»------.~_-_i__ L...,,.,---4.,.,_,._ LA u__..__+_,..-._.._.__ ._ i_ ..__..+

I
F
HY 77-26395
On September 12, 196;h WC"_NAACP, 36 Nest Mm: Street, en orNew York. advised Special Agent
that Hr. MARSHALL has been in the Legal Section of
the NAACP for the past 25 years and, as a matter of
fact, will celebrate his 25th anniversary on October
was hired,_an a r. Maasmi iid  io him high y recomended by
w oo of the Howard Universi y . e sa d that
Mr. MARSHALL held various positions in the Legal
Committee over the years and in l9Al, when the present
Legal Defense and Education Fund was set up, Mr.
MARSHALL was placed in charge. He said that over
the years, he has also become a close social friend
of Mr. MARSHALL and both of his wives.
said that Mr. MARSHALL is a
man of the g personal integrity and is a
completely loyal American citizen devoted to the
principles of democracy. He said that there has
never been the slightest hint of scandal connected
with Mr. MARSHALL or any of the members or his
family. He said that Mr. MARSHALL enjoys an almost
unique faculty for making friends, even among his
enemies. He said that he enjoys a very wide
acquaintanceship with persons of various political
creeds in both the North and the South and is highly
respected as a man and as an attorney. He said that
Mr. MARSHALL is a keen student of constitutional
law and regards the law as being almost sacred. He
said hat he has an insatiable capacity for work.
said that Mr. MARSHALL is a man of
grea neness endowed with outstanding qualities
of understanding and patience. He said that he would
recommend Mr. MARSHALL most highly for the position of
Circuit Judge. -£71»

Xz1
NY 77-26395
On Se tember l
S that he MARSHALL as
a soc a r end in 1940 He said that at that time
Mr. MARSHALL&#39;s first wife, since deceased, himself andseveral other individuals were enggged in the operation
of a cooperative grocery store in he Washington Heights
section of New York and Mr. MARSHALL helped occasionally
with the delivery of groceries. He said that from then
until 1956, when he himself accepted his present position,
he saw the MARSHALLS frequently as friends. He said since
1956 he has been acquainted with Mr. MARSHALL on both a
business and a personal basis.
Q said that he considers Mr. MARSHALLeminently qua ed for a position as circuit Judge. He
said that Mr. MARSHALL, though he may Joke about many things,
has never joked about the law or the Constitution. He said
that the Constitution and the law are sacred to Mr. MARSHALL.
He said that he does not feel qualified to comment on his
legal qualifications for a Judgeship, inasmuch as he himself
is not an attorney. He said, -however, that tem;&.-nentally
Mr. MARSHALL is well qualified for such a position, being
a calm, dispassionate individual. He said that of his own
experience in civil rights matters, Mr. MARSHALL has never
allowed his personal involvement to cloud the applicabilityA70
of the law. J!! 7Q,
Fem that he has also been acquainted
ous members of MARSHALL amil d t with the Mr. s f y an hat
he considers them as he does the applicant, to be persons
of the finest character and completely loyal American citizens
York, ad
ts a member of the board of thl
arid Educational, Fund or the NAAGP and-aha: beenetor 
hOIpast&#39;
Qhree years. He said, however, that he has been involved
with legal matters of the NAACP for the pestaten to twelve
years and has been closely associated with THURGOOD MARSHALL
. ....,, 92 . ,  lll_eW___...._._,_...l.i..  y. .. .~..-._.....,....,..._....-_.__._..._...,._..._

I." !

NY 77-20395
during that period on a business basis. He said that
he has had no social contact with Hr. HARSHAEJ. outside
of NAACP affairs. He said that Mr. MARSHALL is eminently
qualified for a position as circuit Judge, having a thorough
knowledge of the Constitution and law and being a detached
individual. He said that by training and temperament, he 57;,
considers Mr. MARSHALL to be well suited for the Ju hipand he recommended him highly for such a position. aP-s not acquainted with the members of the applicant&#39;s
amily and he stated that he has had no reason to question
mns""""HiJ.Ls character or his loyalty to the Uhited States.
J
92
, W

&#39; 1
mr 77-26395 lg 7C
tember 12, 1961
NAACP, advised
_d
a close business
and social acquaintanceship with Mr. MARSHALL and his
family. He said that he is delighted at the prospect
of Mr. MARSHALL being appointed Circuit Judge, inasmuch
as he feels that he is eminently qualified for this
position. He said that Mr. MARSHALL enjoys one of
the finest legal reputations in the country and is
highly considered and respected even by his opponents.
He said that he is a man or understanding and patience
and a very hard and conscientious worker.
Enid that he is also acquainted
with Mr. HALL s family. He said that both his
parents are deceased as is his first wife. He said
he has one brother. He said that Mr. MARSHALL&#39;s
loyalty to the United States and his personal
reputation are above reproach and he concluded by
recommending him most highly for a posi ion s Circuit
Judge.
12, 1961,
NAACP, advise Sp is g
has been a close business and
te of THURGOOD MARSHALL s the
latter to work with -
as a American. He"
said that he is a very hard worker, who completely
devotes himself to the task at hand. He said that&#39;
he has always been a very keen student of the law
and has a great reverence for the law. He said that
92-Iwe
,...?_92

Mr. MARSHALL has a faculty of winning friends and
respect even in a hostile atmosphere and that he has
friends and admirers all over the nation. He said
that in all respects, THURGOOD MARSHALL is an extra-
ordinary individual. He said that he is a superb
lawyer and that the law is a deeply ingrained part
of his whole life. He said that Mr. MARSHALL regards
the law as the balwarh of society. He said that he
has always conducted himself without rancar or
hatred. He said, however, that where the law is
concerned and where the great principles upon which
this nation is based are concerned, Mr. MARSHALL is
uncompromising. He said that as a Judge, he does
not believe that Mr. MARSHALL would ever be swayed
by personal biasz. He said that he believes firmlyin the tradition of the law. Qwent on
to say that while Mr. MARSHALL is o y the
traditions of the law, he has imagination and has
often sought to apply the traditions of the law in
areas where they had never been tried before. He
said that to the best of his knowledge, Mr. MARSHALL 1 .i7C:has never espoused any questionable organizations cr £9 . 
philosophies. He said that he is definitely not a
Joiner. He said that in his opinion, Mr. MARSHALL
would make a very fine Judge and he recomended him
very highly for such a position.
Q On Se te
I New !or!, a!v!se!
he has been a eloae business
of THURGOOD MARSHALL for the past~eight years, inasmuch
as he himself is also connected with the NAACP Defense
Fund. He said that he last saw Mr. MARSHALL about
two weeks ago when Mr. MARSHALL and his family attended
.a picnic at his own home. He said that he has never
had any legal dealings with Mr. MARSHALL, either
appearing with him or against him. He said, however,
that he is a very fine lawyer and gentleman and has

I.|I
NY T7-25395
all the qualities of patience, unders know
and £97K:!
for the position of Circuit Judge.
mentio above, on recontact
on September 1 , , a vised SA hat he recallsthat in a segreiation case in Kansas Citii ssouri, in l95l
a mot on was filed in behalf of Kansas City to strike
MARSHALL&#39;s name from the plaintiff&#39;s petition and to deny him
the privilege of appearing as counsel b reason of member-ship in the National Lawyers Guild  NLGS and the International
Juridical Association  IJA!, both described as Communist
Party  CP! front organizations.
qsaid that the IJA is known to him by kname only and e as no knowledge of MARSHALL&#39;s connection :21-
with that organization.
Concerning the NLG, he said that at that time MARSHALL
had indicated that the NLG was formed by "liberal elements
in the field of law. MARSHALL in conversation said that he
had Joined the NLG because the American Bar Association was
then closed to the Negro. MARSHALL further indicated that,
when in the late 1940&#39;s, it became apparent that CP members
ere ainin of the or anization h or sympathizers w g g g , e
had withdrawn from the NLG. aid that this is
his only knowledge of MARSHALL&#39;s connection with the NLG.
4°
-
._.-m&#39;  &#39; *7  &#39;  "" "&#39; --y~-- - -Am-q m~_.__>_¢_.__.,_. >._._92.-92_.,...._,._._._1___._.._ § ,_ 4 ___ ___ _____ _

92
mr 77-E5395
1,70
el an! 5 ucuauonal
r 12, 1961 advised Srecialt he has worked with Hr.:MARsHALL
years, and that he has known him over a A3811
for
period years as an individual of excellent character
and absolute integrity. He said that the applicant is
a humble, sensible, courageous person wo possesses a
fine sense o£ responsibility and one who has the respect
of all races.
He stated that Mr. MARSHALL has an
exceptionally keen legal mind and great experience
in the field of law and that he realizes the value
of hard work. H- said that the applicant is aware
of the necessity of a correct conclusion in a legal
matter, and that he has the stamina, tenacity, and
maturity to do outstanding work. He said that Mr.
MARSHALL has been a student of the law since his
days in law school, and that he has shown good insight
and sound judgment in legal matters.
He stated further that the applicant&#39;s
family consists of his wife, CZCILIA MARSHALL, and
two small children, and that he has a brother, Dr.
WILLIAM MARSHALL, a Medical Doctor located in
Wilmington, Delaware. He said that the applicant&#39;s
mother died about one month ago, and that Mr. MARSHALL
and his relatives are individuals of good reputation.
He stated further that the applicant&#39;s
loyalty to the United States Government is above
question, and that he is outspoken in his denunciation
of those whose interests are contrary to the best
interests of the United States Government. He said
that Mr. MARSHALL has the experience, brains, common
sense, and Judicial temperament to do eminent work for
the government, and he recommended him highly.

3L!
NY 77-26395 197C/
primarily
liberties, but that he has
legal assistant in a variety of cases in
She saidthat during her experience in this
office,
handledshe estimated thatthe field 01 f1961, r
NAAC EEEEI DE? se P en
ted advised ial
said
exp nce been
ree speech and civil
acted as counsel or
the field
25 per cent of the cases
were in the field of criminal law, she
said that Mr. MARSHALL is an extremely competent
lawyer; that he is a flexible person; and that CHE
of the chief reasons for his success is his ability
to deal with people and mediate disputes. She said
that in addition to his legal work, he has successfully
directed an organization composed of groups of lawyers
from many states. She said that he exercises sound
judgnent in his dealings with individuals and the
handling of his legal responsibilities and that he
possesses a Judicial temperament.
She stated that the applicant is an
exceptionally honest person both with himself and
in his dealings with others; that he is humble; and
that he is lenient in matters of human failings, and
has a personal concern for
J-lnnil Ina In ng.|I92I|¢I|592ugQoI92*JIre92 II!UIIQU 11¢ La 92I92J&#39;ll-Dql VGU.-LVU -&#39;--In
lives modestly; and that he
aggrandizement.the individual. She said
T--4! 4-I-.4-.1-4.-.-. .|.!...-.J- 1....ll-JSD U&l.LlH"sJ.l|.6_| blldb 1-LU
does not seek personal
mstetee further that Mr. I-IARSHALL
has been marr e w ce, and that his first wife, VIvIAN
MARSHALL, died about six years ago. She said that she
was acquainted with the applicant&#39;s present wife,
CECILIA MARSHALL, and that both wives were individuals
nf&#39; c-and -msnutaigi n1-1- 
hg Ra"! r_i_ Q1-1:;-I-. tho: nnnl 4 new-&#39;9-. I .1: -- =--- _-,--- --.. - --_ -- -"- -,, .... .- sb7C,
if

I-_!
NY T7-26395
mother, F-Irs. NORMA MARSHALL, died about one month ago
and that the applicant&#39;s brother, Dr. WILLIAM MARSHALL,
is a Medical Doctor in 1.-Iilrnington, Delaware. she
said that both are of good reputation. She said that
the applicant has two children, the oldest being
approximately five years of age.
She stated further that Mr. MARSHALL is
unquestionably a loyal American citizen of excellent
character, and that he is highly regarded, both personally
and professionally. She said that to her knowledge,
he has never been associated with individuals or groups
of questionable reputation, and that the only groups
whose activities he regularly participates in are hischurch and the Masonic Order. She said that she has
complete confidence in the integrity and ability of
the applicant, and that she would recommend him highly.
She said that she 0" lcr1ownd that toher knowledge,  never womced with I-Ir. r-1ARsPALL
within this organ za on. She said that she 1 v of noassociation between the applicant an
,i 92Z
Q

92."&#39; A "Y
,--
I
NY 77-263 95
Neighborhoods
1&0 Badhurst Avenue l9&#39;7E;/
New York New York*&#39;  i J ii ii?
_________1gy§§;igg;ion under this caption was condutted bySA on September 11-l,_l961.
alumna!!!  m-~mNew York, w or , a v se t a s e as ived for many years in
the adjoining house and moved into 1H0 Bradhurst Avenue several
years ago. She was acquainted with THURGOOD MARSHALL as a neighbor
in 1936 to 1938. As far as she could recall, Mr. MARSHALL had
a good reputation in the comunity, was well liked, and she never
heard anything derogatory concerning him. She stated she had
no reason to question his loyalty to the Government in any way.s not acquainted with any oi the associates of
. . She considered THURGOOD MARSHALL well qualified
for employment with the Federal Government. -
Plgt! Bradhurst Avenue, New York, New Yor!, a!v!sed
hat they have been 1 at this address since 1937, and
while they do not
m
especifically, theyhad heard of hi that they had
never heard MARSHALL
nor concerning
stated that the
was not availabl
for
time.
. . _ 1
. - 15 _ &#39;
O 0&#39;
-   92   , _ .._...._.,A__ _ _ ____ *- _. - _ _.._._._A which  9. . . A» x

it __ &#39; r-_ 92.. 3:  &#39; _ . _.. _. .
!
_/- ___,&#39;-._
I
E
I! 77-25395
409 Edgecombe Avenue L;&#39;:7<:&#39;
___Ne92g Kerk, _Nev|_ Tori; _i_ A
Investigation conducted on
September 12, 1961, by SA
THUMOOD who resided in this til Cabout three to four years ago.t hey [9*7
lived the he
the
They stated the applicant occupied apartment 9B with
his wife, VIVIAN, who died about six years ago. _He remarried
and moved out after the Birth of his first child. His mother and
his aunt, Hrs. MDIA DODSON have occupied the apartment since that thma
they said, and his mother died during August, 1961.
- These individuals recommended the applicant for a federal
Judgesh1P.4s a man of excellent character, conduct, morals and
reputation. They stated he is a gentleman who has hmmueinterests
and is dedicated to his work. Further, he has achieved a reputation
as an outstanding attorney in_his work-with the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People  NAACP!.
= They stated there has never been any scandal or gossip
associated with him or any relative and all members of his family
are cultured, educated and respectable individuals, as well as
loyal American citizens. To thlr knowledge he has never been
connected with any subversive activities, organizations or ,
individuals, and they said they could provide no further information.
92
O
I
I
_.-~_. 113 . &#39; &#39;- ix {EI s 92 A  .
I , .
_ a ~ 1 _  &#39;i&#39; 1- - .r "ea. p

l .
I I ..._:92 ___92 .--,,_o/ J
/&#39;_&#39;92 as-a92
NY 77-26395
10¢501 west123rd Street
He"_Y°Pk@ E%§7X9?k _
under this caption was conducted
by SA n September 14, 1961.
IIIII
York7 J
York, New
York, is an apartment thin this project; that it
consists of cooperative apartments, one of which is occupied
by THURGOOD MARSHALL and his family, namely, Apartment 17F.
THURGOOD MARSHALL has been residing at that address since
November, l957. He is considered an excellent tenant, meets
all his financial obligations, and no complaints against himhave been received by the housing corporation. £7,7<:,
with T and his family, and considers themtated she is personally acquainted
all individuals of high character, good moral habits, and
unquestioned loyalty to the United States Government. She
stated that she is also acquainted with some of the personal
friends of THURGOOD MARSHALL and considers them also patriotic
. citizens and people of high character. THURGOOD MARSHALL bears .
an excellent reputation in the community, he is well liked,
and she would recommend him without hesitation for a position
with the United States Government. .
01 west l23rd Street,H::H:::l|lll|lil|||||||||I|!! gas
0bD4
A§SHALL and EI6!!mII§ since that
 time. MARSHALL is one of the best tenants in the building
Ial _ . 1:}: , 0. . .~ z| &#39;  .< r _ ,.   &#39;n ,"
,_¥_i_i 4-. _ 151

._>
,...i
92.
0
NY T7-26395 l!,j7<:"
His reputation is above reproach and his moral habits andintegrity are outstanding.  uld have no reason
to question the loyalty of THUR SHALL. Mr. MARSHALLietsaloii well with the other tenants in the building and
"as heard no derogatory information concerning Mr.
also acquainted with -rmmooos MARSHALL&#39;s
mother, who recen y away.
Haionkp  =!advised th n ed soc ly with THURGOOD MARSHALL
OD MARSHALL thoroughly reliable, since l9#3. She considers D
honest, of excellent moral habits and conduct.
stated that THURGOOD MARSHALL is
thoroughly oy o the United States Government and she
would consider his associates also patriotic American citizens.
She was acquainted with his former wife, as well as his present
wife, and considers them both individuals of the highest character.
She stated that the strong character of THURGOOD MARSHALL was
exemplified in the excellent way in which he cared for his first
wife during her last illness. tated she definitelywould recomend THUHGOOD MARS!!! uor a position with the Uited
States Government.
I0
92
1 92
&#39; o. :4-<_ 18 0 F  It E
92_1&#39;  -_ o i _ a Wjii-gift? V fr Hi; W if .

; - ___ - |/92-I
_
is ,-_
NY -77-25395
Members of the Judicigrz
The following Federal Judges, advised SI?on the dates indicated they know MARSHALL ytim. They said  has never appeared fore them in_ a Court of Law and they could not cohnnent17%»
DEregarding his qualifications ,
Sou ern o , ,S a es Court House, Foley Square, New York, New York,
contacted September 13, 1961.
, contacted ""&#39; " &#39; 1 1 o1. &#39; ___"&#39; &#39;&#39;-&#39;BEPISBIIIDGI 1 ; 9
S t mb SDNY, contactedep e e 1&#39; ; -
sum, contactedSeptember , .
SDNY, contacted g;__g_ 1- - i? 
§Bp1;EIllD8I J-E
8 t mb 1 1 SDNY, contacted . ep e er ,
57¢,UllitedStates Dis!r!c! learn! !ou!!ern Es:-Inc! cl err Eork  USDC ,- advised sngon September 12, 1961, that nmncoon
appear __ .eiore hian. in cozezectieeeitiz the
involving school so e etion in-He said the&case had ._
been several ther attorneys; however, MARSHALL tiled a motion before bregarding the matter.
. . 1 f
.2 _ . 19 .
92-  .._. 1-", _ . I
K

1;
IId .____ I
e 1
/&#39;~ ;--92
IY 77-25395
He eaid he had aever rencea with
IIARSHALL in connection with th cane and
IIARSHALL conducted himself admirably. He found ILARSHALL
to be conscientious and he in a good attorney.
qadvieed he believes MARSHALLhas only appeared in e Second Circuit on one occasion
and to the beat or his knowledge his legal experience &#39;
has been in courte- in Southern states. He stated he
believes MARSHALL has the qualifications for the position
of Federal Judge in the United States Court of Appeals
in the Second Circuit.E70
Q
92
I.
I
Q
20 &#39; , 
r__i* p_ 7 p _ W_&#39;__&#39;pi _   _ d___
__  ....... M .... -...,.. ....... ~-&#39;* eee--.-c..J=   e.~.---._-be-be~=e..e-- - e»,~- c re *-

J
rD&#39;°&#39; "°" "° FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGITION
1 51Dete g  3/ ,____ _
_
UnitedStates CO!!! o! !ppea!s, Secon! Circuit, um States b7O
Court House. Foley Square, New York, New Ybrk, advised
he recalls meetseveral years ago. He saii 
e is  n  1- !h
MARSHALL since that meeting.
_advised he believes mnsrm.1.&#39;=~.
legal experience lies only in the civil rights field.
He does not believe MARSHALL has ever handled any legal
matters except segregation cases. He added he does
not doubt HARSHALL&#39;s capacity for the position, but he
would not recommend him as a Federal Judge in the Court
or Appeals. He said it is his opinion that appointments
to the Court of Appeals should come from the District
Court. He feels there are too many capable, well-trained
Feder§lLJudges inithe gnited States District Court who
BDOULG DB ELBVEFBQ FD VH3 UOHTF O1 pPB8LB; EHO H8 WOULGnot recommend MARSHALL for this position.  _
added that he knows of nothing unfavorable c .
MARSHALL and has no reason to doubt his character or loyalty.
/9 7c_,United States Court House, ,
9,, 9/12/61 ..N9_"gY9rk. New Yo:-1.<e_ Mg F. s.m:_:r:r-20295
by  Ds!e dictated  _ ,_Thu document Bbltlne nenhez reconeedstlone not eencluelclie oi the FBI. It ie lhe property oi the FBI and Ll lo:lee692@
your agency; ll end lte cements nee not to be distributed ou:eeq_,gour agency.

~ _ r
P"-"= "92-&#39;- =-==*== FEDERAL sunem or lNVESTlG"l0N
9/13/61
Date __ W
gn1+_;e¢ b-7C
States Court of Appeals Second Circuit ad
sed he has I I
known THIJHEOOD MARSHALL for several years by his reputation
as an attorney for the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People  NAACP!. He said I-1.-RSHALL
appeared before him briefly on a motion in thei
Case. This case, he added, involved school segregation
in New Rochelle, New York.
He described  as  intellgent and
extremely skilled attorne . He handles civil rightscases very well, but be1ieved I-Ir. MARSHALLhas no experience in o er ma. era involving law. He said
he believes Mr. MARSHALL does not have the general legal
ia
ii
é

é te quali
r for a position as Federal Judge in the
Court of Appeals. He also stated he would question whether
MARSHALL would be qualified to handle civil rights matters
in the Court of Appeals. He stated MARSHALL would probably
have to disqualify himself on every civil rights case that . 4;came before him. 57C.
tated he would not recommend MARSHALL
as a Fede e Court of Appeals; however, he pointed
out that he feels !!.A.1=SH.%*. is an intelligent and capable
attorney. He said he declined to recommend MARS!-LXLL as a
Federal Judge because MARSHALL has been the spearhead of
the NAACP and would therefore have questionable qualifications
to sit in a civil rights case, and also because he believes
 does not have the requisite general legal experience.
oontinued that he has no reason to
question &#39; . MARS s integrity, character, associations,
or patriotism.
United States Court House, b 7C,an 9[lgl* Q, New York,WNew*1fork m!;_,&#39;[T,-26395 WW H
..,  9/1:/61 gt
Thu document contains non!-nor recommendation: nor conclusions cl the Flt. It to the property cl the Fl! and la loaned to
four aqenei; it and tin contents on not to be distributed outrun your cqoncy.

 _| WA!
PD-so: mu. :-as-001 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGITION
9/13/61
Dcto an 7
1975/
""°
States Dis r c u , ern Distr c o . oz-1:, advised
he met &#39;iHUF.GOOD !".Af~.SE&#39;..l.I.;L several years age at a meeting in
New York City. He could not recall where the meeting was
held, however, he believes the affair was a legal conference.
He said he has had no other contact with I-IARSHALL.
statec1  has spent the majority
oi his life with the National Association for the Advancementof Colored People £NMCP!. He has handled only civil rights
cases and matters or the above organization. He feels
MARSHALL, ii appointed as a Federal Judge in the Second
Circuit, would have to disqualii
; himself in civil rignts
matters. He added he would not comment regarding hiscations for the position as a Federal Judge.9dded no other uxfomation except to say he s
doubted .-ii. ¥..!&#39;.RSHALL&#39;s character, citizenship, or
tion.
qo._..nL-.1 n.a.__.|.__ n_..._.|. 1-r_..__. L
Unibhl §92I§U¬U UU&#39;Hl&#39;U nUuU§, &#39;9/12/61 New York, New York II! TT-Eo_&#39;595On 7  _ct __t_ _ Filc#__ _o
._,.,. SA  ,,,, ,§,,=,,d 2=/13/61
Thu cccuncnt ccmclcs anchor nesnncmicuenc nor conclusions cf aha FBI. In to the crcpcrtr cl the FBI and ll iocnoc lsY0"? IIIIBEY: It and its contents are col :c be dlclrlbulcd outside your agency. ii
092-J I- 92 .  92 . ,,_ , . .. _,1   ...._,.__.__
,_,,__,_._,_.____,_..___.__._.__.-..-_.  ._...._.,___-.....h...,......,..._.,_._..---1--~»~...-.>-.

1&#39;; P!
at 77-2c395
L
iork, that he has lmown b]C/
about 14.0 or more years. He stated
that he could not recall the exact circumstances under
t-
lth he met the applicant but believes it was in con-
junction with th a plicant&#39;s attendance at LincolnUniversity.£ldvieed that he has maintained very
close professional and social contact with the a cantduring the ensuing years. 
e advised that &
i the Legal Defense and Educa: ional
Fund, ncorpora e , the National Association for the
Advancement or the Colored People  NAACP!. and as such,
has worked very closely with the applicant who has been
the Director - Counsel oi this Fnnd tor nany yearse He
went on to say that the applicant has been employed by the
IMO? as a Legal Counsel since the 1930&#39;s, and prior to
was a practicing attorney in Baltimore, "aryland.
ascribed ue applicant as a very able person and
attorney, who has a well rounded bacaground in the legal
field, and who is ca able oi handling oral situations be-tween lawyers.<=ontinued b sa ing that the appli-cant has never practiced in his.#court, but
nevertheless, he Judges the appl c as an attorney who
maintains excellent court room demeanor and one who has the
capacity, judgement and accomodation for Judicial temperament.
e stated that he has spoken to many persons in the legal
field whoa comments about the applicant&#39;s legal ability
have been the mgheet.
Qwent on to say that he knew the applicant&#39;s
mother e recently. She had been a school teacher in
Baltimore. 
e never met the applicant&#39;s rather. 
e described
the applicants wife and children as very fine persons, and
continued by stating that he considers the applicant and his
family to be e one or excellent character, reputation andaasociateskdvised that the applicant&#39;s loyalty tothe United a es is unquestioned. He Qew oi no organization
or club memberships on the part oi the applicant other than
with the NAACP no possibly with the Masons. do concluded by
saying that he would recommend the applicant most highly for I
Judicial position with the United States Government.
Q

Kmt Tr-26395
It is noted tna 1l C!or e different political persuasion rom tna o tne B7
applicant.
waa interviewed by SA 
" "&#39;*&#39;v &#39; &#39;- -~~------~-~~~-» -- »- --- --»~---.._ . .._--... .....__.. 474&#39; _ _.___.. _.... {E ~

92
I
92
at 11-26395 &#39; -  92 576
 on sewmher 1:. 1961. maCity Court or the City oi New York,_ lll Ceu re Stree ew York, New York, residence?r  New York, advised can e
has known e applicant as e former neighbor and on a
professional and social basis for twenty or more years,
He stated that he had done some worm with the applicant
on legal matters in connection with the NAACP. no
described the lPP.|.1Cg!&#39;lt as a very intelligent and able
attorney, and a person who is tree of all inhibitions.
He went on to say that the applicant has never appeared
in his court. It is his Judgement that the applicant
has all or the qualities to be a good Judge, including
temperament, patience and good Judgement. He continued
by saying that MARSHALL is highly regarded for his
legal ability and sch snip by many members or thelegal profession. advised that he never thew
the applicant&#39;s father and has never_:nown his brother.
He was acquainted with the applicant&#39;s deceased mother
who had been a resident in the same apartment building
where he resides. 
e was acquainted with the applicant&#39;s
first wife who is deceased, and has been acquainted with
the applicant: second wife two ther
advised that
He described
the applicant an t
character, reputation, assocas persons OI unquestionable
iates and loyalty. He stated
that there is definitely nothing dislcyal or subversive
about the applicant. He concluded by saying that the
applicant is as worthy a mm as he could think oi for any
responsible position, and that he would recommend himwithout reservation for a judicial position with the 57¢!
United States Government.
s interviewed by SA-
,_, U ;,

a!
NY 77-26395 b 7C
New York Statelate D v _on, Madison Avenue and
New ork, Hex-rYor1:, advised SA-
on September 13, 1961, that he has known
for approximately 16 years on a pro-
fessional basis. He said he first met THURGOOD
ZERSHALL when the former was employed as District
Attorney in New York City. He said since that time he
has had occasion to be in contact with Mr, QARSRALL
on a professional basis and believes him to be ahighly competent attorney and advocate.
said that as far as he knows, MARSHALL has aiways
represented the National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People  NAACP! and has done excellent
work in this regard. On nan: occasions EARSEALL had
discussed legal questions withsaid that I-IARSEIALL is 1-.i-ell lcnown to many a!.l.orneF;,
and Judges, is a member of the Lhrgland Bar Association
but is not admitted to practice in the State of New
York.
Paid he believes I-IARS}I.A.L_&#39;s character
and repu t on are excellent and that he is fundamentally
loyal to the United States. He said that IERSHALLhas a strong anti-Comunist feeling and recalled £,&#39;7&#39;ClJ
specifically that MARSHALL on one occasion a few
years ago stated that there were some Communists in
the NAACP and that they invariably tried to capitalize
on the good work of the NAACP,
-2-rent on to say that he ::et
Ere, MARSHALL at a party at the MARSHALL residents
some years ago but did not recall her name and was
not aware of any other members of his familf. He
said he believes that IARSHALL is a member of the

 J
rI0
National Bar Association and other commonly known &#39;-i7-le,al associations but he could not soecif; any o 19  ;*
id t &#39; rYnawes Rea ne name _..as ..ot
anilia_ o n . and ne could not say wnetner tnis
w &#39; a i * r c i t   * T pe son zas an ssoc aoe o a qua n ance o. LT. ¢ARSHALs.
Iith regard to judicial abilit;r,-NY T? 20395
f I &#39; »~ .
stated that i-..is almost impossible so predict
one .er MARSHALL would be a good judge. he said the
only answer he could give would be on a Zneoretieal
basis because there is a greet difference oeoween
an advooate and a judge. However, he said he would
be highly surprised if MARSHALL turned out to be a
poor 1udse- oHe eeielseleéézséz epsakiesa h@.?h°=$h?L,
the zhoice of THURGOOD HA3S3ALL ror a Jucgesazp posioio

was an excellent one and probably the only thin; he
lacks is experience as a judge.
ll
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very
can is deceased. _
was also a very close rrieno oi the applicant s
eased mother, Hrs. NORMA MARSHALL, who had "
at one been a school teacher in Baltimore, Maryland-
He stated that the applicant has one brother, WILLIAM
HARSHALL, who is a medical doctor in Wilmington, Delaware-
The applicant&#39;s first wife, VIVIAN, died around l9S|+ or
l955. The applicant married his present wife, CECILIA
a t a year after his fir wirezs death, end that-
t hie second weddi Ilse
The app can s two ch , RGOOD MARSHALL, -11".,
about rive years old and JOHN WILLIAM MARSHALL, about
three years old.
Qcent on to say that he has been a veryclose frien the applicant and his family, and regards
them as persons or the highest character, reputation,
associates and loyalty, Be advised that he also includes
the applicant&#39;s aunt, IMJIA IIJDSOII, in his above comments-
Mrs. DODSON is the sister or the applicant s mother, and
ehe resides at 14,09 Edgecombe Avenue, New York City-
e recalled that the applicant practiced law in
Baltimore, "aryianc, in the early 1930&#39;s, and tnen became
an-&#39;. attorney with the NAACP shortly thereafter, The applicant
is a person or the highest integrity, and one to is highly
respected in his community. He described the applicant as
a religious person who holds a responsible position in his
church, and one who is definitely loyal to the United States.
H4 highly recommended the applicant for a judiciei position
with the United States Governnrnt,
s interviewed by M
..e =
 """  &#39; ""&#39;-"r-"-&#39;----r a _"&#39;""""""&#39;"&#39;"" ""&#39;*""""*"" &#39;"&#39;-"1----c-~v&#39;1--cf------v-1»-w-e-H,»-..

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Associates [3
September ll 1 as follows: applicant
on a fairly te basis for over thirty years. He was
acquainted with his first wife,who died of cancen about
five years age. There were no children by this marriage.
The applicant remarried and has two children by his present
wife, whom he holds in high regard. The applicant because
of his long association in the civil rights field has
become one of the outstanding constitutional lawyers in
the country, in thisilcld. MARSHALL is a natural leader,
who has the ability to work with others and to draw in
people with special qualifications. These qualities have
been evident in his NAACP activities. The applicant is
well balanced, exercises impartial Judgment and is guided
by reason, rather than emotion, in reaching decisions. The
applicant is a dedicated American citizen and he knows of
no organizations of which the applicant is a memben whose
interests are inimical to the best interests of the United
States. &#39;
He highly recommended the applicant for a federal
Judicial appointment.

I 1
M 3I
NY 77-26395
t b l er l em
not a c
estimated that he sees him four o
usually at social gatherings. He
greatest admiration for MARSHALL
dedicated himself to a cause and
success. He said his character,
loyalty to the United states are
said that MARSHALL&#39;s associates af in the NAACP and that h
He further advi
reputatIon"as an outstanding lega
and he felt no need of commenting
He said that MARSHALL is a temper
he is a man of restraint and that
emotional demonstrations. He sai
established legal ability and per
that MARSHALL would make an excel
Judiciary.
iiipersonal one and
r five times a year,
advised that he has the
as a man who has
has achieved great
habits, reputation and
beyond question. He
re persons in the legal
e has never heard of
sed that MARSHALL&#39;s
1 mind is well known
on his legal ability.
ate, calm person; that
he is not given to
d that based on his
sonal qualities he felt
lent member of the Federal

i I
NY 77- 25395- 1
Iiexw
Ir" AA GRVLQGQ Q5
personally
or four years. He said that his contacts
professional and that he has no
knowledge of him. He said thatthree
have been
personal
reason tointimate,
he has no
question his character or loyalty to the United States
and that he enjoys an excellentreputation. He described
MARSHALL as a courageous, clear-thinking, intelligent
man who abhors violence and has
Ian; Anni 14;;-n&#39;| can-gnqgsnngnLa. mu i%1uL }!J.U924UQi3CD|a deep respect for the
tated that, based on his experience
in law e orcemen an on committees that passed on the
qualifications of Judicial appointees, he would recommend
MARSHALL to the Federal Judiciary. He said that MARSHALL
is temperate, weighs the pros and cons or an issue impartially,
and has a deep understanding of
the Constitution. He said that
ground and experience is needed
asset to the Federal Judiciary.human rights as granted under
a man of MARSHALL&#39;s back-
Iuw92l§ Q.I4I92u921n-I 92924I92 A 4-=A¢|92Il-nG-IJU l&#39;I&#39;92JL&-I-bl U¢ G 92¢l=J|-Jill-LL15

3
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_ av 71-26395
1914/
in the program since 1930 and through &#39;
this interest met MARSHALL in about 1936. She said
that this association developed into a close, personal
family friendship and she has followed MARSHALLs _
progress with a great deal of pride. She said that
throughout his many years of association with the
NAACP, he has taken part in a very wide variety of legal
cases, and through his success has tirlyy established
himself as an outstanding legal authority. She said
that he is a courageous man who is dedicated to American
principles, has the greatest reverence for the constitution
and has the liveliest interest in making it work as a
progressive instrument. She advised that he is a person
of the highest integrity and that his character is above
reproach. She said that she has met many er his
associates who are all high type persons; but th hehas no knowledge of anyone by the name of&
She added that he is a member of the Masons but thatshe knows of no other organizations with which he is £9/7
!
affiliated git» besides the NAACP, which has been his
life&#39;s work.&#39; _
A maid that MARS!-lALL&#39;s parents, WILLIAM TD aha Hchr are _eceased, that he has one brether,AUBRY, uT§Ives in Delaware; that his wife, VIVIAN is
deceased; and that he has two children, THUBGOOD, Jr.,
and JOHN, by his second wife, CECILlA. She&#39;stated that
MARSHALL&#39;s brother and wife are very respectable people
, and loyal citizens. She stated that she was an intimate ,
friend of his first wife, who was a wonderful person. 
She said his parents were very refined, respectable people
who provided him with_an excellent background.I
. ,=/ 1
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mz 77-25395 I970
said that she would highly &#39; _
recommen _ HALL for a Federal Judgeship because
or his vast legal experience, his intelligence, his
Judicial temperament and his great respect for the
law. She said he is a warm, human individual who
is impartial and could Judge a case on the issues
involved. She concluded by stating that his professional
ability and integritybaitsbeen established before the
world and his appointment would be a good thing for the
country and international relations.
a
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September 13, 1961, he is acquainted
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., r"goal or the United States purluent
 Ito Beoutrre Order 101150
sH J mother oonfidant
nl ingozint E701:"?-1-=-_"--v ..mo he ow e e o certain phases of conmmls
eotivity in the New York area, edvieed Ln September,r ; 921 .1 -,--| .-I. Hf; -
?  -- 196.1, that he has no personal knowledge of TBURGO-CDZ mnsmu. and on]; known of him because of 
r §92RSHALL&#39;a
prominence. Tue mfomam: eai
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- . J. "_--I.e.-92 ..:.":   lire lnfonnant continued thlt in the liddle
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re intormnt de
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It is noted that the Oounoil
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Q; m er 7&1
purpose of far-
Bureau or Investi-
advised that THURGOOD MARSHALL, according
furnished to him on may 12, 1952 bywas not a Marxist.  /5 :2!-
70%
that iNational Negro Congress, b
York City on 28, 1945, reflect that
THURGOOD MARSHALL was among the sponsors of the meeting,
his name having been listed under the heading,
"Establishment of the National Committee for Milita TY
Equality through Circulation of Declaration on
Military Equality." &#39;for
nishing
 FBI
-7&7
The National Negro Congress
has been designated by the Attorney
General of the United states pursuant
to Executive Order 10450. .
. 42 &#39;  s92. §92
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&#39; A J
The "Daily Worker", issue of Monday, November
24, 1947, contained an article on page 4, column 2,
which reed in part as follows:
"Ministers Ask End to Thomas Committee"
"A call to end the House Qommittee on Uh-American
Activities was made yesterday by 20 prominent New York
Clergymen. They said the committee uses the label of
&#39;Communistic&#39; to block progressive thought and action. . . .
"A group of outstanding attorneys sent a
telegram to New Y°rk Congressmen asking them to oppose
contempt citations in the case of the Hollywood writers.
"The lawyers group included = , = , ,
Thurgood Marshall . . . ."
The "Daily worker" was an east coast
Communist newspaper which ceased
publication January l3, 1958.
The aforementioned "Daily worker" contained
an article on page 4, column l, headed:
"Film Citations Go to House for Action Today
"Aid tor Europe, presented to the Congress as a
matter of the utmost urgency, will be set aside Monday and
Tuesday, while the House debates contempt citations
brought against l0 of America&#39;s most distinquished writers,
film directors and producers by the Un-American Committee."
1&#39; &#39; -aw-M
.i9292!

i_}
APPENDJ.&#39;.{
NY 77-25395
_1§I_AI,IONAL_*LA1;IY§Bj_S&#39; guru:
The "Guide to Subversive organizations and
Publications," revised and published as of January 2,
1957. Prepared and released by the Committee on Un-
American Activities, United States House of Representatives
washington, D.C., contains the following concerning the
"National Lawyers Guild:
"National Lawyers Guild
"l. Cited as a Communist front.
 Special Committee on Un=American
Activities, House Report 1311 on the
CIO Political Action Committee,
March 29, l9##, p, l#§,!
which is
of the
organizations,"2. Cited as a Communist front
the foremost legal bulwark
Communist Party, its front
and controlled unions and which since
its inception has never failed to rally
to the legal defense of the Communist
Party and individual members thereof,
including known espionage agents.
 Committee on Un-American Activities,
House Report 3123 on the National
Lawyers Guild, September 21, 1950,
originally released September 17, 1950.!
" &#39;20 defend the cases of Communist
lawbreakers, fronts have been devised
making special appeals in behalf of civil
liberties and reaching out far beyond the
confines of the Communist Party itself.
Among these organizations are the * * *
National Lawyers Guild. when the
Communist Party itself is under fire
these offer a bulwark of protection.
 Internal Security Subcommittee of the
Senate Judiciary Comittee, Handbook
for Americans, S. Doc. 117. April 23,
1936: Pb 9-I-I!"3.I
ob

IF°RNATIOAL Ju=InIc:* AS°OCI§"ICNAPPEJD I.{
7 l__4- ..-i i .. ___ -_&#39; L! .; __J
The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and
Publications," revised and pnolished as of January 2,
195?, prepared and released ay the Committee on Un-
American Activitie
Washington, D.C.,
the International
"1. Cit
of
 Sp
Act
201
1944, p.
"2. Cited asdefended
followed
 Committ
House Re
Guild, S
release
149.!
an organization
Communists and c
tne Communist Pa
ee on Un-American
port 3123 on the
erterber 21 1°50 I I
".-"" 2*-P!"-.-:~.P=92.aLr¢-4u-4.-u- -J
&#39;92f92
¢us, United States House of Iepresentative
contains the following concerning
Juridical Association:
ed as a Jomunist front and an offshoot
tne International Labor Defense.
ecial Committee on Un-American
ivities, House Report 1311 on tne
itical Action Comittee, 
arcn 29,CIO
uhicn actively
onsistently
rty line.
Activities,
National Lawyers
, originally;n .. HP; 92"z¥: :0 %o}S

J
APPENDIX
NE 7?-25395
sourmmr rnmzom
The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and
Publications," published as of Jauuary 2, 1957» Prepared
and released by the Committee on Uh-American Activities,
United States House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.contaigg the following concerning SouthernPatriot, on
page 1 :
"1. Organ of the Southern Conference for
Human Welfare.
 Congressional Committee on Uh-American
Activities, House Report No. 592 on
the Southern Conference for Human welfare,
June 12, 1947, pp. 6 and 9.!"
L-&#39;--v@§92

!
APPENDIX
NY 77-25395
soumsgu corgjsgsucspp son mzmm jgI_E1,FAI-1E_
The "Guide to Subversive Organisations and
Publications., published as of January 2, 1957, prepared
and released by the Committee on Un-American Activities,
United States House of Representatives, Hashington, D.C.,
contains the following concerning the Southern Conference
for Bmman Helfare, on page Bl:
"l. Cited as a Commnist front which received
money from the Robert Marshall Foundation,
one of the principal sources of funds by
which many Communist fronts operate.
 Special Conmittee on Un-American Activities,
House Report 1311 on the CID Political Action
Committee, larch 29, l9M4, p. 1M7.!
"2. Cited as a Commnist-front organization
which seeks to attract southern liberals
on the basis of its seeming interest in the
problems or the South although its
professed interest in southern welfare
is simply an expedient for larger aims
serving the Soviet Union and its subservient
Communist Party in the United States.
 Congressional Committee on Uh-Aerican
Activities, House Report No. 592 on the
Southenuconference for Human welfare, June
16, 1947.!
- -- - ---e re eaten-M _ _,.~..._...  e. ,,._.,......&#39;.,.._._ ___ _._ ______ .,_,_ ._ ______ __, __ ____________.___  _ i ___

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I555 77-26395_!
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU 0? IEVESTEGATIGH
New York, New York
September 14, 1961
1&#39;11-,1e Thurgood Marshall
Departmental Applicant
ch_a_1g_gter United states circuit Judge
second circuit
_ Reference is made to the report of special Agentdated and captioned as above at New York.
576/
All sources  except any listed below! used in referenced.
conmmication have furnished reliable information in the past.
T in a pos
Thai document 92&#39;.&#39;OI&#39;l1Ull&#39;lI nnlhor rlcommlnnonenl nor conlrlunono of the FBI Il1[ll1Q m "1ol mo FBI and ll Joanna 1o our oqonc - n one It &#39; 9 P yY Y. I CDIIIIHII on n01 to be dlllnbult outside &#39;7ye-.-r agency =/9;!E who were mm
ition to furnish reliable information. U -&#39; "&#39;
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THURG0O
LHARSHALLW I __n-=-.-¢_ 1; 7  E ....._
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I&#39;D-DI .8. I-l-89!
UNITED ST AT DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Yb:
Report of: SA   Office: Mgmph 1 3
Owe September ,
Field Office File No.: ME 77..  Qureuu Fill No.:57¢»
Tm" THURGOOD MARSHALL
DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
GI~#"* UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE
SECOND CIRCUIT
Synopsis:
THURGOOD MARSHALL arrested November 1B, 1946, at Columbia,Tennessee, by local authorities on a DWI charge but he was
-e-e--e - be intoxicated,
T on interview stated he Believedwanted to get a "last crack" 2f7K:/
ended s involved in racial
*"&#39;%
and
. 3
Lrnlnased ghgn fo
at at
difficulties at Columbia
car
and
Nashville Tennessee,
integration suits
highly as to character,
Background information
Memphis, Tennessee,
ssee Conference of
with MARSHALL and endorsedive w
in Tennessee endorsed MARSHAL
repptati
shim highly.
- RUG -
DETAILS:

"Q ___ Jc,
A reyiew of the November 19, 196 edition of the
NASHVILLE BANNER, a daily newspaper at Nashville, Tennessee,
reveals  news stor a nearin in hat paper ntitl d = Y P- E B . - 9 9
"Intimidation robe Asked By NAACP." The story indicatedthat b-76of the Defense Council for the Negro
defendants in the Columbia, Tennessee racial disorders
trial, had indicated on November 19, 1946 that he had sent
a telegram to the Attorney General of the United States
demanding an investigation of what_described as an
attempt to intimidate himself and his fellow attorneys.
gr...-_ ......,..._ _...¢...|__92.. ..,.___.|a.__-| ¢..-.._@ __...:_s .|.|__ -a-|_______. ,-___JJIC IICWZD G.L&#39;b-I-L»-LC-&#39; ICC-.-I-1C-U. bllvi bi.-LL-1 D1127 Iv?-"-LU5J.&#39;G-Hi Nd-S
w 0 ong with515" Y
& represented the Columbia defendants. The tele-
gram was addressed to the Attorney General,-said,
after an automob in Mich he was riding, along withMARSHALL and
 was stopped outside Columbia, Tennesseethe previous n 5 t by a group-identified as State
Highway Patrolmen, Murray County Deputies, and Columbia
City Ofiicers, at which time MARSHALL was arrested on
suspicion of bein &#39;runk &#39; w released. The article
as saying, RSH n a t n c rr ed before a
magistrate. The magistrate found he was not drunk and
/&#39; = » r!cs115na-A41 L92-I-n "1 C-LISGI-DUU l|HlQ " , I /,_ ,&#39; I -- .
/_ I IHF. er of Zj7Z:>a 1 tion
the vancement Colored Pe le NAACP and
who resides a
il , Tennessee, was in ewed
September 13, 1961.
_aaia that he has known Mr. "rmmsoon
MARSHALL £6! a5out thirty-five years and has been
associated with him for the past twenty years in the latter&#39;s
capacity as DirectorCounsel, NAACP-Legal Defense and
Educational Fund, Inc., New York City. He said he knew
Mr. MARSHALL to be a person of excellent moral character &#39;and reputation, and one who chooses his associates from 17
persons of like characters and reputations, and that his
loyalty to the United States is above reproach.
2 t

__I
ME 77-2527
?indicated that he felt that in his
office as rec or-Counsel of the NAACP-Legal Defense
and Educational Fund, lnc., the applicant had exhibited
that he was "mentally head and shoulders above most _
men practicing law in the courts." He commented that
"we have been associated not only through correspondence,
but in the trial of law suits. I have observed him
before the United States Supreme Court and I might add
that the Supreme Court&#39;s decision declaring segregation
in the schools un-Constitutional is due almost entirely
to his brilliant work/&#39;also commented that
"in spite of his tremendous success at the Bar, he has
never lost the common touch--so much so that any first-
year law student could approach him Just as easily as
a United States Supreme Court Justice."27¢
further said, "He has been very care-
ful and very s r ct in keeping the NAACP free from any
Communistic influence. There is no question in my mindconcerning his associations. I know he has always been 157%;
very careful in choosing his associates in that respect.
f h h 1 st o e fri d b ause  hi In act, e may ave o s m en s oi s
strict adherence to that principle." said that
4 Flhe felt that Mr. MARSHALL -5 eminently we qualiiied
by his background, training, temperament, character, and
other qualities for the position of Judge of the United
States Circuit Court of Appeals.
Nashv__le, e see,tember 13 l 57¢
sen
orego erview said that he endorsed
all of ahouesaid oncerning the applicant.
He further indicated t he was also associated with
M. MARSHALL in the preparation of law suits seeking
desegregation in public school systems and other public
facilities in Tennessee, and found him to be an able,
well qualified attorney and a person whom he felt was
3
W

 _&#39;!
ME 77-2527
of excellent moral character, reputation, associates,
and one who is entirely loyal to the United States of
America.
B
WI.
 ~ -- 7--~~--~--_7_*.._.__. _._l_.._,,______:,::::_,,:_;:; 1 _V___,V_ liar: Pl: r Y? W __

&#39; J
1,10
Regarding the above NASHVILLE BANNER news
article, the following investigation was conducted by
the FBI in l9#?:
The Department of Justice furnished this Bureau
with a copy of a letter dated December 4, 1936, from
THURGOOD MARSHALL to THEBDN L. CAUDLE, assistant attorney
general, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. In
this letter Mr. MARSHALL related that he was in Columbia,
Tennessee, 0 H6 nd that datethe trial o n as concluded.
In this connection it is noted that these tee defendants
were charged with having been involved in the racial
disturbances Columbia Tennessee, which occurred in
tter th at
he;
the letter as being a reporterfor the only . It is noted that the "Daily L7-7Q
Worker" is an East Coast communist publication.
M. MARSHALL further related that the car which he was
d i d - r ving was stoppe by local authorities, that he was
arre ted f r ivin while drunk and taken to the office<  He stated wa=?smelled his breat an en stated this man isn
drunk; he hasn&#39;t even had a drink". Mr. MARSHALL
continued in his letter by stating that he was released and
that he and his associates continued to Nashville.
inv sti tion, the above mentioned
constable in the
ict of >1umbia, Tennessee, was int wed.
ted that it was his belief that
ted to get a " t crack" atand was usingas his instrumen in
accomplishing this.
_ - - . . .   .Regarding the aoove in connection with another invest!%a!!on, the following
information was obtained regarding him:The Department of Justice requested that an
invest tion be conducted regarding this matter and
5
all
t. ._... . ..._.._ .-. ,;__FII4ll/92 LL H 7 Z7, :1 sis T  J: i . A.**_::__7_.T.,_ _._.1 ,v-1  -

92.92
H ??-252?
GOP1A!
Review", the official quarterl ubl ation of the &#39;National Lawyers Guild  NIB!. E reflected that
the individuals eho reeeived this publication aereII Hmembers of the National Lawyers Guild.
ll199}
The National Lawyers Guild" was cited as"a
communist front" by the special committee on Unamerican
activities, U. S. House of Representatives report of
March 29, 19111-I, Page l49.
that in the spring e-f
speaker at a convention of
Congress, Birmingham, Alabama.[,2-
W9
It will be noted that the Southern Negro Youth
Congress has been designated by the Attorney General
of the United States pursuant to Executive Order 10450.
This informant further advised that it was
common lcnowledna nmnnnr nnmnln -in Tnnnannnn uh ui iE=¬éE-Estqéé"i
&#39;5IvII&#39;i=¬§&#39;s5E§&#39;E;5z£E:-§&#39;¥i{EE&#39;IE i§55§Hén
LOOBY served as a Defense Attorney for some of the Negro
defendants charged with partici ating in the Columbia,Tenne bles thatbwas very friendlyIith Punt was a correspondent
"Daily orker.for the
organizations which informant considers to be "pro-communimtdised  &#39;D/C
I receive
Lawyers Guild
s advised /£5
ca an erneue!- _ by
Negro Yguth
MC
M *"*e.="&#39;*..a*a-?"1=&#39;="= 0"? 5*l that el+-hens. ..es been connects- ei... ....- zeral *1"-9is "" " D /
Cthat he does not actually consider-to be sympathetic- to the communist movement. He stated thatpuas Joined
these organizations because of his extreme n erest in

iil Rights matters and because of a lack of awareness or
the communist influence therein. --
,__&5gm1>=r 13. will J?mnhi Q. &#39;1" nnanan 92r Q
1§¥SE§£ aE&#39;rmm&#39;"""55&#39;6:> &#39;mns"&#39;
5 rofcimate lyC,

 en ears. pointed out t
the Tennessee Conference o A C ranches&#39; _!
QE T?-252?
an has een active on behalf of the NAACP in representing
us &#39;1aintiffs in segregation cases in Tennessee.stated that in most of these cases that
THURGO MARSHALL is an attorney of record but has not
actively participated in the local court trials of these
cases. He stated that MARSHALL has probably been in
Memphis only twice during the past ten years and that
h on behalf of the NAACP legal matters. stated that he has consulted with Mr. mnsmm
on numerous occasions. however, and has visited in the
MARSHALL home. He stated that he has an extremely high
regard for MARSHALL and considers him as being a highly
competent lawyer of unquestioned loyalty and integrity.
He stated that MARSHALL is completely opposed to the
communist movement and has always counselled the NAACP
against becoming involved in any manner with the communist
party and its members.
Q99

ro-:;-.: rs-2:-so!
_ _.n-___ .-. 1 3.
,&#39;:," W ,{>_.92.- f 92 t
&#39; -- .&#39; "11-: Q1-i-"
bkly. Finn Rqer In
ak HE 77-2527u 1 ,
_ Q; UNITED STATES DEPARTLIENT QF JUBTICE&#39; 5} FEDEkAL.BUREAU OFINVESTIGATION
Memphis, Tennessee
September 1H, 1961
litl
 THURGOOD MARSHALL
Character DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT L7C/
mam §Ec5m>°5§EH5T&#39;rmmE
REF cs REPORT 01- sn-
, dated September 14,
19 1, and captioned as above.
All souxtes  except any listed below! used in referenced
conmmication have furnished reliable information in the past.
Thin documurn commas nnlhn rocomlnunautlonl nor conclunono ol the FBI II ll Ibo properly
ol the FBI and ll lont 1o your cqoney; 11 and 1|: eoniornl on not lo be chin o : d
your uqlncy.1 an ouvnde
_|&#39;4
,,__   _ ._... , ...,_¢-._. M. ,,.._,.... ..__,t_ ..  WM...  w,»~- --ww

H 1
ml!
IDJIHI-I-I-II!
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ludlinln onsoqu mm hn92h ,7 l!ST. PQUIS Wi *BUREAU Q/1%/51 Q/lb/Eli?__:e!eu: ie 
mtmooon mm.  E
cnucmaoroum
R DAPLI
 USCJ
sscoma CIRCUIT570]
7 _ ,_U_ 92 __ A __cW Wes
REFERENCE: Bureau teletype, dated Q/12/61. "
Kansas City teletype, dated 9/1H/61. A_-¢._,
i-Y-.s&#39;m&#39;1&#39;vs= - nuc - &#39;--
mmruxsmwm ]97 ,
A eneek of the files of the reference rooms of theSt. Louis Post Disgitch and the St. Louis Globe Democrat
Eon££1nedvarious ems concerning MIHSHIII Eeing E
e C
ief
Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, however none of these items were pertinent
- to this investigation. &#39;
H /27»/7?
cc;n@4§z2ZZMmWM
eeo§ae:1142:;l;,msAPR 1 s was b7CJ
ANS1l 7 &#39; 7 &#39; "&#39; " "1|aV .__ -  -
°"""" A 7*-I K ~=e~+==-.13/;&#39;-: ill3 - Bureau  AM! :_ Al7i7C/
1 _ _   r

K. I
I&#39;D-II  let. I-8-U!
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF .. .-STICE
FEDERAL IUREAU or INVESHGATION
tlpyioz
t Z3_ "&#39;~*&#39;=&#39;= sq °*=&#39;= s&#39;1&#39;. LOUIS l
°"" SEPTEMBER 1 19 1
Field Office Fill No.: SL   Bureau File R9,;
rie:
THURGOOD MARSHALL
mlldtl:
DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
_ UNITED smwrss cmcurr woos
*"&#39;°""= sscom: czncurr
No Post Office employment record located at FRO,
St, .I_-ouis, Mo, Appellate Judge advised M_1LR.51:I_A_L_L presented
himself very well in court, and is fair and honest. Has
no reason not to recommend him for a government position.
- RUC -
DETAILS: AT s&#39;1?.__Lou1s, M_l§SOURI
EMPLOYMENT
On September lb, 1961, personnel, Federalr General Services Administration, advised MWtha.t no record of U.S. Post Office employment for
oo mmsmu, born July 2, 1908, Baltimore, Maryland,
could be located. ; ,1,
b/92_./
MISCELLANEOUS
On September 114, 1961, u.s.&#39; hthCircuit a v se a Court of appeals, Eig , e p -c n as
never personally appeared before this Court, however he has
/972
W/Q,

I
SL 77-3l6TH
filed briefs before the Court, but the arguments were handled
by other attorneys employed by the National Association forthe Advancement of Colored People. 1973:
On September 11:,  s.Circuit Court of Appeals, ircu , eov sen n GOOD MARSHALL
occasion in about 1951-
in Kansas City, Missouri. He ias aiiiared biiore him oi ii "
adv se the case involved the Negroes right to use city
swimming pools.
qstated that MARSHALL handled and presented
fair, impartial and himself very we in court. He said he is
honest end he was very impressed with him. He stated he has
never heard anything derogatory concerning MARSHALL and under-
stands he has outstanding ability as an attorney. He advised
he would have no reason not to recommend him for a Government
position.
- gr -
~1**z./
 W  ""*&#39;-*&#39; &#39; -  ~---- ----------->---------------N---- -~»--- ~----_-.»»--- A___- _ W  ,   _ __ _______.._

t9
1|»! 4
Ibecs-u-J1;
_ FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
gm was as A &#39;0...-W. ii "3... T... ax  &#39; *-
aranrncnnm E BUREAU 9/14 §; g 9113/6; whill Ci  H 7 7 W7 lip I51! by J I
.
mHunsoon&#39;MAasHALL 92 °* Cd
7] DEPARITIIENTAL APPLICANTY ;/jg; 92 UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE,.1 r.&#39;.&#39; /I;   SECOND CIRCUIT
rqg§ez¢»-21::I92Lw DI V W7» I &#39;
,.---"&#39;.
REFERENCE: _:_
Butel to Birmingham, 9/12/61 Q . .-
..RU¢_ I .5Y.&#39;
ADMINI S TRATIVE :
b7@
The morgue of the Birmingham News was checked and
nothing pertinent was found concerning THURGOOD MARSHALL.
iIt B noted th=
explained that the Morgue Files did contain some informa-
tion cono &#39; 92 erning MARSHALL s appearance at the
case, but that most of these clippings were used to make
an exhibit subsequent to the.tria1, when some criti-
cism was leveled at the Birmingham News for allegedly sup-
pressing certain types of information.
  _ g _,r _ _g _&#39;_M  Japl;d;192£::"  H V Iiiilliifltli-llbilbllow
cum-u: - &#39;_;- .  - ,3--Bureau / I p  K ~_. __.f. ff.  
1-Birmingham 
1-1814! &#39; &#39; *&#39;¥ -H
9-g|_. ~l -_1_ 7___,Iy&#39;-1, __,_.J. it! 1_ .21 f
 _
qr, ; &#39; &#39; - L --- 2-uni-$-
._;e cc E-em!
= i _._ ,- - i _ i
-~ " covrn PAGE
 ___ _::_i___ __ ***_ _ _ V 7 _ _ : _ : 

1!
ID-Q4  Ref. I-I-N
UNITED STAT DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL auneau or lNVES1&#39;lGATION
-"~= c ,1;/<>
Raven oh SA   Omce Birmingham
D31 :c
Field Office Filo Nc.: 77&#39;-1874 Burccu Fill No.:
Title: THURGDOD MARSHALL
Oursclm DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT? UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE,
SECOND CIRCUIT
synopsis: Records Jefferson County Circuit Court, Birmingham,
Alabama, reflect that THURGOOD MARSHALL is one of the
defendants in four :_p_arate suits filed on March 2,195  ed 570
Earlier MARSHALL and others brought
number 652 against these individuals,
accusing them of conspiring to defy an injunction
order, and aiding in the rejection of_
as a student_a_t the University of Alabama, and for
threatening _with bodily harm. On
February 29, 1956, MARSHALL moved to dismiss the
above action, declaring that there was no proof that
the charges were true. Shortly thereafter the four
suits above mentioned were filed against MARSHALL,
the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, and others, asking one million dollars
damages in each suit. These suits were set for hearing
on January 28, 1957, and continued by consent on that
date, and are still on the Docket.
-RUC
g§:_1AILS= At Birminghanb Alabama :*
77.-/ &#39;5&#39; 27 -/4
nuasemm-1-aauuns-run-amen-nu-amen v¬wwo£u92:IB1aadhhnaodwrwrlII=s!,:l= din esauauu-can annex. . . {WI I I  &#39; &#39;  """   " &#39;  &#39; "  ~&#39;-&#39;v1- - -~------ ~---~- ---~ e»--»------.------_i ..._.. i._......_...,_-r...i.-,-,-,.e---..-,--1.,-. ...._ ,..... ,

l!
EH 77-1874
On September 13, 1961, the records of the Jefferson
County Circuit Court were examined and were found to reflect
the following information: 
On March 2, 1956, four separate suits were filed
against &#39;A&#39;RGO"~B MARSHALL and others. These were similarsuits and were filed b
and were n ered 36079
through 36082 Prior to March 2, 1956, THIJRGOOD MARSHALLand others brouiht Civil Action Number 652 agains-
accusing
them of conspiring to defy an injunction order, and aiding
in the rejection of_as a student at the
University of Alabama, and having threatene
with bodily harm. On February 29, 1956, THURGOOD MARSHALL
moved to dismiss the above Civil Action Number 652, de-
claring that he had no proof that the charges were true.
The above mentioned suits were filed against the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,
rsunsoon MARSHALL, and others, ,=
Trad one million dollars damages was asked for in each suit.b
In summary, each suit alleged that defendants charged the
plaintiffs with contemptuous disobedience of a Federal Court
Order and of commission of divers crimes including partici-
pation in breaches of the peace; that all such charges brough1
by NAACP lawyers against plaintiffs were dismissed in open
=<>==r1== s==t ~ere
both graduates of Miles Negro College, Birmingham and had
been approached by agents of FIAACP, who agreed to pay each
$300 a month plu court costs and attorney fees to seek
admission as under raduate students at the University ofAlabama; thatiwas of loose morals, when a l ing forentrance, being unmarried but with child; tha& Bub"sequent marriage t  prior to birth of child,
did not ameliorate her mora tness: that NAACP lawyers,
 ntered into a conspiracy to simulate
a cause of action against plaintiffs for the purpose of pi-o=
moting a scheme to destroy racial integrity and to force the
presence and social association of Negroes on members of the
white race and for the purpose of advancing their own financia
&#39;2&#39; ~.;i
f on
 __ __V  _ W .. ._...- .... ...._.,. a  ....._  .. .-,...--_---.----~-v1-T------v--|&#39;*---~

J
been slandered libeled areatly inconvenienced harrassed,
annoyed, and caused to suffer great mental anguish for which
punitive and compensatory damagesvure claimed These suitschar ed that &#39;1I-IURGOOD MARSHALL and others accused_BH 77 1874
interests and to obtain contributions to a fund of which
defendants were to be beneficiaries; that plaintiffs had
ith con-
spiring to defy an injunction order and aiding in the rejec-
tion of _as a student at the University ofAlabama and having threateneoith bodily harm and
having incited riots and civil disorder and with the com-
mission of other criminal acts. These suits charged that
THURGOOD MARSHALL, among others, knew that such charges
were false.
The
MARSHALL, and
and continued
on the Docket
Theabove mentioned four suits against the NAACP,
others were set for hearing on January 28, 1957,
by consent on that date. These cases are still
and have not been tried.
Birmingham News for April 27, 1948, printed
an article entitled "First Suit Is Filed Against Boswell
Rule by Birmingham Ne r " This article stated that a suitwas brought b  Negro resident of Birming-
ham, against three members of the Jefferson County Board of
Registrars asclass suit brought on behalf of "all qualified Negroes in,
Jefferson County." The suit was filed, according to the £7
News, I
named as defendants wer
 This article
Boswell Amendment was "illegal and unconstitutional. That
Boswell Amendment required that voters be able to read
understand the constitution of the United States and
republican form of government and be of ood moralthe
the
and
thedefendants. This article said that it was a
THURGOOD MARSHALL,
>attorneys.
i and
t charged that

i l!liF"&#39; - _
- V. . -_,_->-q 92_- __:  .
l |=:o|euA|. sunmu or lNVES&#39;I1GA&#39;I1ON  u
Q Uh K 7 WK ill?!  W i fmi H Ki 7 "fr
LI&#39;l§}.B ROCK BUREAU Bill!/61 ;g/1%.!/*g1m i&#39;-:ii&#39;cl*  z_,._*t  *7 Xi t* *7 7* *F i!92mooon{mnarmu.  4| |§lll»¢§@clI
*1.  DEPARTIENTAL urnrcmr
 ~ u. s. cmcurr JUDGE&#39; ~ 1 ssconn CIRCUIT
. M>|[18|§3 t&#39; ; __.___  lsm
ivi
 
New York teletype to Bureau and other offices,
9/12/61. &#39;
Bureau teletype to Little Rock, 9/&#39;12/&#39;61.
Little Rock teletype to Bureau, 9/13/61.
Bureau teletype to Little Rock, 9/14/61.
Little Rock teletype to Bureau and Dallas, 9/14/6
- RUC -
buINFORIANTS: b-
Identitljoj Sourge Files Where Locate
lnlrnl iIn$I&#39;:IbmhQII|lnlIIi  
---" t ---
 @- am.-nu  usn! 
1-ss,227! _ f &#39; &#39;
: _1 &#39; ---»-4--.  .
-.1 &#39; = 1 - Little Rook 7-1663! 25; -  1&2
&#39; A, 131;»; &#39;uM:1;,d4¢...u/
- "l-/6-- 5- "
f CC 1--c-> L | b7C/
- CONN
&#39; -=- 1&#39;-ni
&#39;§i:eIII92h_i==l7IllUIlI nilhilnu-I Inbhililuuulc
ilahnilnqi
&#39;l&#39;u.o-oovun1Il_n::!Lm#nI_nQs.I!%e%e4l1...?-.e-&#39; -8
_ &#39; &#39;1}-* -0--1_ _,  ---&#39;**.z_ &#39;*___  &#39;
L_ --  _ 7*""- * -&#39; " C

92__ F &#39;
LR 7?-1663
IXFORMAXTS:  Continued!
identity of Source Fiiesihere Locntgd
W
beta
7,/25:
concealed and T symbols weie utilized only where identities
must be conceal
It 15 noted that cetaile of this iepoit iefiectassociation between .$.3LI.S.&#39;;43.I..4.. uZ&#39;1d 9292&#39;hO is included
in Section 3 of the Reserve Indei o the 1 tle .ocl Cffice.
The Little Rock Office has not prepared a characterization of
since this office has not received information indi-
ca ingis or was a member of the Communist Party and
there is no recent indication of leadership in a CommunistParty front group. 1
Cot the United Press Wire Service b
advised on September 7, 1957, that he had heard that
THURGOOD MARSHALL, general cou or NAACP from New York,
had been in conference wit  during Little Rock
integration crisis! ndicated he was t &#39; tolocaténd que ned agents concern1n81lle edCommunist affiliation to which agents did not comment. Careful consideration was given to each source
ed. p
.-92.D3~:I2¬ISTE:.*.TI.2: [,7Q,
 &#39; ,_ v T -. H .92
I &#39; A &#39; .3 I
- 5 _
COVER PAGE
Q3
_H_, ,, .....m.~ ., -------->---n-I--"""""""&#39;-" &#39;_,___c __,,._.¢...e~ie-----* ""_1I""""&#39;_""&#39;_-M "In" V

1L _>
LR 77-1663 197C
Little Rock. |_ -I _
In testimony before the House of Represent &#39;L&#39;nAmerican -&#39;.ctivities 
hittee, Washington, I3. Chnamedias being active in the Lommnnist
University of Cincinnati in 1940 and 1941.
This information appeared in the Cincinnati Inquirer of
July 13. 1950.
" &#39; =1 -&#39;5 1;-&#39;0 : self-admitted On ugu_ ., ea , .
former Communist Party member in Cincinnati, thiu, from l$35-
1942, testified before the House Committee on En mericnn
ictivities, Washington, D. C., at which time he mentioned-
lee a Communist Party member during the aforementionedEime.
dvised in February 1343
incinnati he met a
at the Universityrsit that while tie
manof Cinci that to join the CC nist Party for the purpose of he ng the Yegro race Li?
|_ 1o . .&stated that in 1..&#39;.&#39;3:Jxp1ained to nix: how the
Lommunist Party would be able to overcomethe threat of Eascism
and how the Communist Party could help the Xegroes.
On September 14, 1961, the morgues of the Lrkansas
Gazette and "rkansas De crat i °ock daily newspapers,were reviewe concerning the appli-
cant and no pertinent in ormation was located other than thatset out in the details of this report. kf7C>
SP._0bserved the proceedings of
the CRC, Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1946.
"nus REPORT IS BEING CLASSIFIED cc::1-"Iu.s::r1.».L .1.s 1&#39;1" En
cowrmris 1r=FORr.1.*=.T10192&#39;_ IF nus :".-.c&#39;r wens. msctoszn 1&#39;1" couw I-13V3.&#39;.L "rm:
IDENTITY or "mus INFORI.IAI¬&#39;I .&#39;-.1~rn rxznmv SERIOUSLY I-£.=.I~IPER rrnrzz.-:1».
1z~1vss"r10.=.&#39;r1c::s or  s1."ev::=.s1v.: xrrunz, WHICH wean as 1::JL&#39;:ucrs
T0 rue NATIONAL nzrzxsa.
- Q: -
COVER PAGE
F" ip jg, 92w-M"!
,... W ..._.,.__ ._....-.i..,_.---M... s 4~I 4-4 _i_! _ ..._....._.~-*¢h*@ w~*--

.,..-_-.,...._¢--, , A ._, Tm p fUNITED STA DEPARTMBIT *"~&#39;_ Jusrlcz &#39;
FEDERAL IUREAU OF INVKTIGATION "&#39;
3 570/
41 in _
Ilemle
 3l_ Omce: Little Rock, Arkansas
Umn September 14, 1961
Field Clio: Fm rm 77- 1663 um pu, N,_, 71-53227
Ie THURGOOD IARSHALL
. 5-
Chnxnn DIPIRTIIHTAL APPLICANT
UNITED STASIS CIRCUIT JUDGE
SECOND CIRCUIT
inset
Associates, Little Rock and Pine Bluff, Arkansas,
recopend applicant as having good reputation, character,
moral conduct, loyal-American, and recommend for position
with U. S. Government. One of a told
felloe Army sergeant that.he, the
Comsunist Party in Iashington, , but in an
interview denied ever being-a member of Party.
Another associate interviewed reportedly
committee of the Civil Rights Congress, organisation_
designated_by Attorney General under lxecutive Qrder 10150.
" TIO suits riled against IAACP to restrain THUHDOOD IARBHALL
-~* of lee York City, et sl, from engaging in practice of law
in Arkansas. U. 8. District Court Judge, Iort Smith,
Arkansas, professionally acquainted with IARSHALL, and in
his opinion IARBHALL ethical and sell qualified attorney,
, ;_ but Judge did not have knoile e of r r. Pan"*" character sea IARSHALL as either a Communist or a tool of
the Communist Party, basing opinion on s~theory of "guilt
by association, and identified individuals associated with
organizations ehich in his opinion are Comunistic.
"; &#39; inc &#39; U A7:7<1
1 nletsllsg Arkansas,eas by ems W atas luff, ll Dorado,
Arkansas, by BA and at Fort Smith»-
nrkansas, by BA
Ilia dssvnmamt  nslthn |-emmsmndsunns  Ill. It m its   I-J
_._i,1; __7__ ____ 7_ . __ __ _____l77V __ 7 7: ___ 7 7_ __V" ____ ____ __ 7 _
a.  ,

L.- _, M !
_,-.1: 11-was!IIIIIIlII* kf7 
IBSOCIATES
He has been acquainted with IARSHALL tor about 10 J
years and has had occasion to visit with IARSHALL during
IARSHALL&#39;s trips to Arkansas on National Association for
the ored People  NAACP! business. on one
occasion _
IARSBALL at
e NAACP that IIIIIIIl.ot th
eputable of good
h i heardIARSHALL has r
character and associates and a lo al citizen, av ngnothing to the contrary. brecalled that IARSHALL
was a close iriend to BOB BOOKER, a reputable Little Rock at-
torney who died about one year ago. At least on some oi
IABSHALLs visits to Little Rock he stayed at the BOOKER hose.
IARSBALL cane to Little Rock to attend the funeral of BOOKER.
On September 13, 1961 .47.iif
iihi
 iii yr -
5 3 - . _ .. , H.»-/I _, ,1 /- &#39; J &#39;/ I &#39; -
IARSHQ

Lt . . »
Ill 77-1663
la&#39;~&#39; -
Pane smsmn is a loyal patriotic I91,
lserican an is vocally anti-cossunist and pro-Aserican
IARSHALL has played a leading role in insuring that con-
sunist or cossunist syspathizers did not get control or
ssert any undue influence in elections or proposals in the
IIAACP. lAR$.Al-L has never shown an s athy with any
f i t id l . h 011 III Bovernsen or eo 08?   as never heard
of IARSBALL having any affiliations wi any organization
of an unpatriotic nature, nor of his associating Ii s
groups or organizations of an unpatriotic nature
considers IARSHALL to be a rson of ood associs ons. IIARSEALL, according to h is an active 33rd degree
lason, active in alpha Phi Alpha college social fraternity,
and a vestry-nan in the Episcopal Church.
&#39; considers IARSHALL fully qualified tohold a responsible position in the !edersl Governlent. He 1a7<
stated IABSHALL was chief council for the NAACP until about
eight to ten years ago when a separate corporation was created
known as the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.,
and IARSHALL. then hecase Director-council of that corporation.
IARSHALL has served in this position since this corporation
has been organised, and as such supervises both the legal staff
and research and administrative assistants in the operation ofall activities of that corporatiomgstates that
IARSHALL is generally recognised in e ega profession as
one of the leading constitutional, lawyers in the country today.
The Attorney General of Arkansas filed tso suits
Defense and Educational Fund em-ll
bivc
-3-
16 1+

1rIv 92_I&#39;I&#39;- I-31-II! XIDODD
DOOOOL
DODGE!
IDIIAL IUIIAU OF IIIIVETIG. JON
IOIPA DILITID PAGI INFOIIATION HIST
_l_IQa s!withhaldantir_alyatth.isloeationint.ltel&#39;ile. OneornoreoffalhwingIataments, where indicated. Ilphin this deletion. _:,-.-,,g___
.w&#39; d
tions ware aiade pursuant to the exemptions indicated below wit Dtble material
i&#39;
Es
4] Inalaa
LI  PRU
D  b!!
D  b!!anmuz
&#39; ti  &#39;bl &#39;?! A!
:1 tbxvxna
lB6X&#39;!XC!
D  b!! D!
D  exrxm
E1  b!! F!
Ci tum
El  b! $!
El ante!
mformltion pet-tnined only to e thi..rd perry with no reference to m
1128!.El text!
U  b! 9!-J ;*,3_}Dble for release no you. V ,
Z
Iililljila
El  d! $!
D 0x2!
B  lt! I!
El  RX2!
El ow!
El  ext!
El  k! s!
El axe!
U  tom
D Information pertained only to a third parry. The subject of your request is listed in the
title only.
E] Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred
to that agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages oontain information furnished by another Government agency
es!. You will be
with the other agency
es!.
Pa;e s! withheld inasmuch as a final release determination has not been made. You will be
advised as to the disposition at a later date.I&#39;M
advised E-y the FBI is to the reieissbiiity of this information following our oonsuitation

92n-LR 77--166392.¢LJ
The Communist Party has been designated
t to the Executive by the Att6?
¬? Generel pursuan
Order 10450.
-5-

an 77-1663  _ .
llational Association For The A vancement o ored People,
 naacp!, 610! West Ninth Street, Little Rock, Arkansas,
advised on September 14, 1961, that he has been closely
acquainted with the applicant since 1941. This association°"°°°" B 
f r e NAACP andn Little Rock, Arkansas, at the time. He
stated that e has been affiliated with the NAACP in Arkansas
for many years and that since 1957 MARSHALL has been a frequent
visitor, staying in his home on many occasions, and their
association "s been close, both in i personal and a businessmanner. has visited the ap licant in his home inNew York on a number oi occasions. stated that
applicant&#39;s closest associate in Litt e ock was J. R. "BOB"
BOOKER, deceased Negro attorney.-stated applicant
was oi course very well known in Little Rock but did not have
other close associates._, _ 3 . . .&#39; 
 resides
at 1-,,-_ and
presen no 1 with t
NAACP, but is likewise well acquainted e applicantand has similar association to that oQ stated that he considers applicant to
have good c a er d morals, a reliable reputation,Judgement which respects, and is unquestionably
loyal to the Uni e a es. He stated applicant-s associates
he feels sure are of high caliber and he is friendly to
everyone. He knew of no organizations to which the applicant
belongs that are of a questionable nature. He stated he would
recommend him highly for a position with the United States
Government.
On April 27, 1946, a Special Agent of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation observed that at the afternoon session
oi the Civil Rights Congress held at Detroit, Hichigan, April 21
1946, there was announced the selection of the various committee
Included on a list of 24 persons announced a mbers of theOrganization Committee was the namei Little Rock.
The Civil Rights Congress  CBC! has been designated
by the Attorney General of the United States pursuant to
Executive Order 10450.

u - _>
1911/__ __ ____ L-."lD/-LR 77~1553 L/J/EL
made available °_a copy e outhern Conference Educational Fund, Inc.,
 SCEF! letter dated July 19 1961 ich reflects officer:or the scar, which inciuaesos Arkansas as a
member of the board of directors.
An amendment to the charter of the Southern Conferenx
Ser Queen Ielfsre  §CHW!, which hes been eited by the
Congressional Committee on Un-American Activities as a
Communist front, changed the name of the organization to
Southern Conference Educational Fund, Inc.,  SCEF!, and
listed its purposes as being to improve the educational
and cultural standards of the southern people in accordan1
with the highest American democratic institutions, tradit
and ideals. The amendent was dated April 26, 1946.i I97
IIIIIIIIIIIII
mg the time the SCHW
was in xistence, t Party members were members of
and nor ed actively in the SCHW. However, since the form:
tion of the SCEF, Inc., rank and file Communist Party
members have not been encouraged to work in the SCEF.
Source stated that the SCEF is a progressive liberal
organization because it has gone along with the Communist
Party on certain issues, particularly on the racial
question, and through the years certain Communist Party
members in the New Orleans area have been assigned to
work in the organization to further Communist Partyprinciples. E7
This sou nsiderss a Communist Party mem er cause
e follows Communist principles, but he is not under
Communist Party discipline. Many prominent people who ar1
officials and members of the organization, while liberal
their views, are b? no means Communists.
The source advised  that the status *
of the Southern Conferenc uca ona Fund, Inc., remain
unchanged.
H an

ix! -J!
LR 77-1663
_LBQAL JEIQACT IN g ARKANSA§
The Arkansas Gazette, a Little Bock daily newspaper,
under date of December 24, 1957, contains an article on Page l,
entitled "Bennett Iires His Big Gun at the NAACP." This
article reads as rolloas:
"Attorney General Bruce Bennett tiled suits
yesterday in Pulaski Circuit Courts against the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People and its Legal Defense and Education Fund,
charging the two oganizations with practicing law
illegally in Arkansas.
"The suits asked ior a permanent injunction
sgsinst the ogsnisstions to restrain then iron
engaging, either directly or indirectly, in the
practice or laa in any respect.
"Bennett, who has tiled a number of suits
against the NAACP and its branches, called the suits
the big gun, after numerous skirmishes."
"State has Cited
"The complaints say the organisations are
corporations and that Arkansas lav prohibits
corporations iron engaging in the practice of lav.
"The complaints list ll cases in which agents
or employees or the NAACP or the Legal Defense and
-and Education Fund allegedly have appeared as
counsel.
"The complaints listed these attorneys as
having appeared as counsel tor the organisations in
Arkansas courts:
"Thurgood Iarshall oi New York City, .........
"Quotes Iron Suits
"The complaint against the NAACP declared:
- 3 -
@@°92

ll 17- 1663n-a
Q
""lhe activitiee oi the defendant in connection
rith the to-"eioini litiiatiw -ac-cat: to i o.-p~&#39;-"lite
uaurpation of ita corporate tranchiae; in ntpletely
outaide the corporate charter; ia an invaeion by the
defendant 0! the legal proteaaion in general, and ia
absolutely unauthorised and illegal. &#39;
"The one againat the legal
a: Fund aay
" "Flam lbraelalalalae
p aelelnlfgibnae anus yum Ian. eel!-I III
to authoricetlhe corporation
M tance to needy persona IhoeeDepenae and iducat ion
flan alaafnnllnnf Iiaeleulealf
I3 give legal aid and ancie-
citil righte are purportedlyale"
being violated. Such practice ia a cmplete invaeion
-- by the defendant oi the legal proteeaion in general
and ia absolutely unauthorized and illegal in all
reapecta.&#39;
"The auit against the NAACP vac tiled in the
I" t f Dnlnlki Pirnuit Judas Q1 A-11.! Plan _l"lI&#39;I&#39; II _ Y --vw-p&#39; Ir_ -------a --1-anew -w_w __; a-$_-_&#39; --
one against the Legal Defence and Education Fund vae
tiled in Circuit Judge J. Iitchell Cockrill&#39;a Courtf
e "Bennett in the author of a propoled ordinance
&#39; which aeveral citiee, including Little lock and
llorth Little loch, have uaed in an atteept to get
 the NAACP to reveal ite financial reccrda and
aeaherahip liata.
= "The IAICP haa challenged theae ordinances in the
courta and theee auita are along thoee eentionedin the coeplainta in Ihich attorneya tor the tvo C!organizations have appeared."
0. =.pt..».= =3, 1os1,?Pulaeki County, Little loo , Arkanaal, at the
&#39; a ove article retere to caaenuaber 41582 ehich nae tiled in
Circuit Court oi Pulaaki County, Arkaneae, on December 23,
1957, by the Btate of Arkaneal. In Iel., DWI BIIIIITT,
lttwney General, veraua the IAACP, Inc. The coeplaant lieted
aine Federal and tao atate caeee in which the detendanta through
Qleir egente, aervante, and/or enployeee including TBIBGOOD MARS
4 5
M Q &#39; C lM*&#39;&#39;
. . 92 .,. ,. .. _ -~_,~_.M._~.iH...i,,. _._.. - -+----q--»---I"-1*" .nn..= w-na¢*H92*1 ..._.....=..-p--M

&#39;-.&#39;-=.;~;.1  ;
;aB¢I_;ql
_ _ r ._.--.
LI 77-1663 .
appeared as counsel contrarary to Arkansas Btatltos 
947!
Qoooi 3Q!22Q1 ct seq,
On lay 29, 1961, this complaint III dillioaed by
Circuit Judge GUY AISLE because the state conld not prove
that the defendants participated in the two state cases
listed in the conpiaint and the fact that the itate eiercisee
no control over adniasiona to practice in Federal court,
it eeens clear that an attempt of a state court to enJoin the
defendants iron advocacy in Federal District Courts would be
a iutile and empty gesture." - 1--1r .
1! ]92../Qaadvised that a coapanion suit to the above
case, nuaber , sasfiiled in Circuit Court, Pulaski County,
on December 23, 1957, in which the State oi Arkansas, Ix Rel.
SW65 Bimunn, itt
ney General, versus H558? Legal Bofooso
and Educational Iuad Inc. This coaplaint chages the
defendants through their agents, servants, and/or eaployees
including TI-HIKGOOD IABSHALL have appeared as counsel in nine
Federal and two state cases contrary to Arkansas Statutes

947! Secs. 34-2201 et seq.
Padvieed that this case in ltill pending in
the count oi ircuit Judge J. IITCHBLL C&KlILL, Pulaski
Cwoty, sod no iiooi oiooooitioo has Loon oooo oi sue.
-10-

-as ."§~._.
P 492_
a
1-B 77-1663 k 7 O
United States District Court,
laatern District oi Arkansas, ittie Bock, Arkansas, advised
on September 11, 1961, that he is not acquainted Iith the
applicant and the applicant has not appeared before his in
court. t ted he is aware that IARSBALL is ot acquainted
With I110 1! in this
district, as paced on the
bench. b -7 Q,
United States District Court,
Iestern District on rr_insas, Fort sith, lrhansas, advised
on September 14, 1961, that he was professionally acquainted
Iith TH SHALL. Ir. IARSHALL has appeared in courtbeiore  n several occaeione.sP advisedthat it was s op nion that THURGOOD IAR geeas to be
ethical and a well-qualified attorney. dvised
that he did not have personal knowledge of Ir. IARSHALL outside
the courtroom and did not desire to comment on his personal
character.
-11-
-_.- - .&#39;-- wj 9
.-3.1 .7034
92- ..,_ |_.___.______...... __~ __. __._ -.._. I --- ¢~-- - 7 7" ~. V &#39;  7__" 7* ""*** 7-"""_-&#39;-""_"""

j
Q
2
3 -7C&#39; , 92./ ."I-. I1 _ 7-
.- v
IR 77-1663
Ill interviewed aft hie office
Arlreneee on September 13, 1961, cad he
%&#39;t»o det.ez-an! ! !
ED PEGPIE1.meeti.getd.on
THE LDWLNCEIHTI DF
Ind if-8* leadership were cclmunilt controlled or nclnlmaniet
£.r.."1.92:s::aed. This Lwastigatian aulainitaa in i he-ring niafiia The Special
Education Committee-rot the Arkansas Legislative Ceunoil on December 16,17,
 and 18, 1,958. &#39;11-IURGOOD IMRSHALL, as general counsel tar
cm! Education Fund, 1 subsidiary of the NAACP
contracted for 
n above argmization to_ __ e -1 I .-
V
P
-G
I
_&#39;b
_ &#39; of the Opinim bued upm mu mm mm _
_  &#39; 1 igcnunniet
ie either e ccmnuniet. or e tool of the
?ir~:&#39;- % 6-pmian an i &#39;i&#39;rli
r§i 
x =&#39;fui1t by ennui:-iiiq-..
&#39; - 12 - -
t _ o  f ;;.§¢;§3>76
I

Lj _J
15¢
said that e a
=. of the NAACP with headquarters at New Orleans,
nnection he produced for inspection uisiana. In this co
a copy of a letter dat r 23 1 55 ssman
E RT rom
w ch e ates n part as o lo
"me records show that  was discharged
irom his appointment as a Reserve commissioned officer
of the Army on July 20, 1955, under the provisions of
paragraph 6b 8!, Army Regulations 140-175 which authoriz
discharge for security reasons when such action is neces
in the interests oi national security."
THURGO0
produced a
matter of
State of Arkansas versus Legal 
efense and 
ducational
Fund, Inc., Case Number 44,679, in Pulaski County, Arkansas,which reads in part: k!i7
"October 15, 1954 - August so, 1ass=
Survey of Community attitudes regarding racial integrati
in twenty Arkansas cities and towns  Batesville, Beardon
Blytheville, Crossett, Dewitt, Earle, Fort Smith, Hambur
Helena, Hot Springs, Hoxie, Little Rock, Ic
ehee, Osceol
Pine Bluff, Prescott, Texarkana, walnut Hill, Qest Msmph
Iilmont!"
not locate readily any evidence t
show that as granted a leave of absence by;because his files were disrupted when he moved his
office from Little Rock to El Dorado. He said it is obvious
that he did Mcause_wa at
Tuskegee Institute;IARSHALL
copy of a ition
A It was opinion, under the premise of
"guilt by association " that istic leanings are shownabove of u.92nsnA1.1.,  He calledparticular attention to t e a gs endance 0-
oi a communist gathering at Ionteagle, Tennessee, in 1957.
He said he has film shoving that known Communist Party member
attended this meeting.

L! 1!
&#39;§&#39; "H U3 t
BIINFI
LR 77-1663
;+*- a candidate for President. He claims both-
an e- are known members of the Communist Party ant.
EARSHALL are, of course, associates in the H
gnu llr. MARSHALL am not testify at the
hearing and he does not know him personally. None of the
witnesses who appeared directly accused llr. Ti-IURGOOD IIARSHALL.
of being a member of the Communist Party or a tool of that
organization.
In addition to the above ,advised that
Ir. MARSHALL was cited for contempt of court in the matter of
the State of Texas versus NAACP in the 7th Judicial District
of Smith Count Texas. Except for this and the above informa-tiomédoes not have any information bearing on the
character, reputation, loyalty, and associates of Hr. MARSHALL.
|,.-2
V,
a copy o e outhern on er ucational Fund, Inc.,
 SCEF! letter dated July 19 61 . ects officersoi the SCE1- which inc1ude as a
member of the board of directors.advised during""Ju1y 1948 that-s egee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama, was
sted as one oi the sponsors and advisory board members 1,,-
of the Southern Negro Youth Congress  SNYC!. U
The SNYC has been designated by the Attorney General
pursuant to Executive Order 10450.

FD-I23 -28-50}
L-fr?-~:£>_92§92,@-zh 1| 13&#39;1 i ~ ,9292-..
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OFINVESTIGATION
Farm Bureau Building
Seventh and High Streets:&#39;:§f&#39;""&#39;!" Little Rock, Arkansas
dated September 14, 1961, at Little ReSeptember 14, 1961
55tl¢ THURGOOD IARSHALL
1975*
DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANT
eaa-&#39;~=¢2 s:ae"s§T<=m="" -"W
Report of SA
ck, ArkansasCharacter
Reference
All sources  except any listed below! used in referenced
cdmunication have furnished reliable information in the pest.
1-s
Thll :::.mQn92 r-&#39;l&#39;nu|&#39;e 
ll net reeammeneataene nor CfIClLll:hI :l the PB an xhe 91&#39;T.pII&#39;ly
=1 ll" F5-1 "1! II ~==1&#39; 1"! &#39;¢ /=92II&#39; =1In-:7: 1! and 1 s come:-nu an r! u: -0 Gal -410-:1 auwaae
rsur ozone;-In
0929292.
_____  A    -<~---~---~---v~|--&#39;--v--"|&#39;-"-&#39;-~-&#39;---"&#39;---

y * I!
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
mm launmu  a/14/61 | 0/12-14/61 7Q
L-7
THUBGOOD RAB-SHALL
DEPABTIIHTAL APPLICANT
U. S. CIRCUIT COURT JUDGE
SECOND CIRCUIT
REFERENCE: Bureau telatype to Newark dated 9/12/61.
RUC &#39;
_________ __ 4 _ I9 ?  .,. 1&#39; IlIFOR.llAH&#39;IS .-;&#39;:-;&#39;. , b//p/G
lgegtiiiy of 8ou.rt:_§"- &#39;" 1e fljgnbe;f Wharf Located
i 
: L51Instan
 by SA
A.n.92..__ u____92_ .l_J.u.-__.-L- -Q-I-.-Q-.,-A A-A I-. ¢l_-&__4. --..--4.92J"§lIUI&#39; RBWIIL IHJUJIIIDB 1518118 Iv!-I LII IJIBUIIIL FUPUIL&#39; are u 1011019: 19:11
_ Informant Date Contacted Agent b7 D/C»
u-yy---- w- - ---1 _ -|--K ----1
M I I/-_ - $4 ===>
§&#39;§"1&#39;"P -__ _-_-. ..
1&#39;IIIl1&#39;I [77-T535! - -

; II 77-7856
Informant
Careful consideration has be
concealed and a T-8
th-__!
1,2315/c
Agent
en given to each source
yubol was utilized in the report only in
e instance Ihere the identity of the source lust
Bl
Cover Pagebe conceale
 }

U -_!
JIQI {I-R. I-I-50]
UNITED STAT DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
¬»vro=
&#39;R-wr =I=   0m=.= llewark, New Jersey
Dole:
Field Oice File No.1 77-7856 Bureau File No.:
Tillt:
THURGOODIABSHALL
7-}o,_..==».,= DEPARTIEIITAL urnxcm, u. s. czacurr comrr moon, éq
sscosw cxmcrr 0 s
SYDOPIH:  ILRS
n s was isolated con-
ous or subsequent association between the twois known to Panel other Newark informants imilinr
with some phases ommunist activity in I. J. advised
HARsns......°&#39;" not w aembsr to their kn
lsdzs and asses known to
associate with CP members. Ho pertinent information contained
in tiles of Newark newspapers.
soc _la?» nlmu LS =
7nu scznussous %
77- ff!: 7-4 V
I&#39;ll: deem-nun Isltllll ealthr roocenaredsueu our eeeelmwu er the I&#39;ll. It is the worn? of u FBI and in loud U you II5¢I&#39;: It em
hseoeueunnnuuob-udlnrlbundouuldnrenrnleecm .. #:-
93%

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II 77- 78 56
<
The informant has identi£iede.s a 5/Q
CP nenber.
was recontacted
on t advised that this c tac was
an isolated contact
h
said there was no previous con and there been nosubsequent contact or association betwee and 53/
a uassna. to his knowledge.related e knows b-7_/9
IARSBALL by reputation but does not know him to he a member
or the CP or to have associates who are members oi the CP.
Other Newark informants familiar with some phases
of subversive activity in New Jersey advised that THURGOOD
IARSHALL is known to them by reputation but they have no
knowledge of his being or having been a member of the CP.Q also haslo knowledge oi his having ever associated with
hem rs of the CP or his having engaged in any activity oi
a subversive nature.
On September 13, 1961,?W "Newark Evening News," a i y newspaper printed
in ewark, I. J., furnished news items that have appeared
in the newspaper concerning THURGOOD IABSHALL. These items
contain no information oi a pertinent nature.
on mt-=-her 13. Misti
"Iewark Star Ledger," a daily newspaper pr nted in Newark,
I. J. also tarnished news items none oi which contain any
pertinent information.
1 be 11.1%???

I!I&#39;D-823 I3-2|-60]
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l&#39;I&#39;"&#39;- IE 77-7856
L1 7!
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BIJBEIU OF INVESTIGATION
Ibwark, let ieraey
éeptember L4, 1961
Title THURGOOD IARSHALL
197
Character DEPARTMENTAL nvrucmrr, U. s. cmcurr
counr JUDGE, sncoma cmcurrReference =-~p~=-~= »= an
oned es above at !e!er_=

U j Q
- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
L jjammq ?_  Bunmp   9/117+/6; I 9/12-11}/61IBIQGIE In-unnlnby 7
A | - munooon nmsmm mum
1 DEPARTMENTAL APPLICANTu. s. cmcun man 57¢ssconn cxncuzr
lynnpm A A A if W  V _
REFERENCE:
Bureau teletype to Atlanta, dated 9./12/61.
- RUC -
__.. ____,_-_I
IREQ. &#39; "&#39; H
APR 1 31953
-1-
 covm PAGE! A 70
iiwixri A W if A if 7 W 7  V  9°  hrlil bokwr WV 4% t L /- &#39; /H! J /Z --W -&#39;2&#39;". ,, _"__§,- Bureau  AMSD!
1 - Atlanta 74185!  .~ 1*
l b Ff J 1:? :l._.92   7 .-_ _- 7
.,;¢ cc  A u- u-   O
$5.: 1 9 T951
 &#39; W: im "" W . 77 7" 7  W77uponlnlounnd In Iuullylh III. and lnuhnlaw lb eumnnh i h in  autlidnlbu :q0n¢.1"ln which it
QILIJ uuuuuuuuu an-nun.-n pppppp I Ii. ssss In
u__ ______._;.~_..._-._92

LJ--
ID-Ql llY.D-H-I}
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
M H I _--I: I"
gb /L/I-mob S  Oliw Atlanta, Georgia
Dem sgp ,
nun-as, 77-n135 &#39;
7"" THURGOOD MARSHALL
DEPAREMENTAL APPLICANT
U. S. CIRCUIT JUDGE
SECOND CIRCUITGander:
inwrh
The l2/3/R2 issue of "Atlanta Daily World" carried
_-@a4 41¢. .,.-.-.4--IAQQA "Tues;-engine; DAD An. rn-.--As.-.-. Hing 1:1:-r ll L-.-|.,1.-..l Babb-LB Uklb-LULIGU LQIIJGAD 11:11 -BI; V92l&#39;l-IHIBI-Ill J-ll: I&#39;D-L, Ill-I-bl].
states condemnation of Department of Justice was formulated
in report of THURGOOD MARSHALL, Special Counsel of NAACP,
and WILLIAM HASTIE. Attorney General of State of Georgia
issued press release 10/19/55 simultaneous with his address
before the Peace Officers Association of Georgia, in which he
describes THURGOOD MARSHALL as a ber of Executive Board of
"Comunist-front" National Lawyers Guild as late as 1950.
-sue -
DETAILS:
On October 19, 1955, simultaneously with his speech,
EUGENE COOK, Attorney General of the State of Georgia, issued
s press release identified as follows:
"THE UGLY TRUTH ABOUT THE NAACP
An Address by
ATPORNEY GENERAL EUGENE COOK
Before me
55th ANNUAL CONVENTION
Of The
PEACE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OP GEORGIA
HELD IN ATIANTA"
flu: document csnlslss senior ncenneadssnn ssr concludes: of sly Hui If ll "I0 NORM I! &#39;50 F31, sud 1&#39;: I loss to your sguq
ll Isl/or its cesium on sol Io is Jillrllwfsl oofslds your Ililtlh no-run-1 so
77-&#39;ff&#39;.JS 7* 6:»,

I-92_* -
l"I &#39;7&#39;?-ll! BKcu- Q | w_Ir§4
This addess contained the following information
regarding THURGOOD MARSHALL:
"Special Counsel Thurgood Marshall -- the
negro lawyer responsible for the NAACP&#39;s court
attacks upon segregation in the public schools --
as late as l950 was a member of the Executive
Board of the Communist front National Lawyers
Guild which has been described as the foremost
legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its front
organizations and controlled unions. Since its
inception, the Guild ihas never failed to rally
to the legal defense of the Communist Party and
individual members thereof, including known
espionage agents. And, as a member and policy-
maling official of this Communist Front, Marshall
has served as Associate Editor of the Lawyers Guild
Review and has criticized this nation&#39;s loyalty
program. He also is listed as a member of the
National Committee of the Communist front
International Jnridioal Association which has
actively defended Comunists and consistently
followed the communist Party line. And he was
among a group of attorneys who, in 1937, protested
the issuance of contempt citations against pro-
Comunist Hollywood writers who refused to testify
before the House Uh-American Activities Comittee."
The December 3, l92, issue of the "Atlanta Daily
orid," issed in Atlanta, Georgia, and identified as tthe
nation&#39;s only colored daily newspaper? contained the following
headline over the masthead:
"mwn:ns RAP AP; mum ANTILYNCI-{INC BILL. 
The article which appears on Page l, Column l,
captioned "LAWYERS RAP AP; CONZDEMN &#39;1&#39;!-IE FBI," states as
follows:
- 3 -
__ _ _ , _,,___ _ _, _ n, ._ __.._.."..ia. o.....-.-..i-......-t---.-.._..._._?---_.. ........_.... ....... -  @~""&#39;~-"&#39;

_&#39; lg!
New York, s. Y. --  sns! as a meeting thisweek of the Executii aid or the National Lairs Guild B
of whic
the filing of a brief as iend of the court was aut orized
in the government&#39;s suit against the Associated Press.
"In a resolution adopted by the board the Guild
declared that The contention of the Associated Press that
the Government Anti-trust suit against the pess is a
Dune O- pp; _-§J92_;.sI-n @§-Lanna -I II G -92 us"viulc
ii
u Lu. sre
u
mu Ga un
 pl-$35 4.5 &#39;I&#39;|&#39;1us u 1.6!-i1.
uTv1Ou.AT TT4135
"The executive board will appoint a special commiti
to study and report on the general question of freedom of the
pess and the dissemination of news in war time.
"JUSTICE DEP&#39;T CRITICIZED
"Condemnation of the Department of Justice was
formulated in a report to the board by William Hastie,
Civilian Aide to the Secretary of Her and Thurgood Marshall,
special Counsel of the N.A.A.C.P. .
"Sharply criticizing the manner in which U. S.
Attorneys appointed by the Department of Justice have preseni
evidence in lynching cases the report said:
"&#39;In the states with the worst lynching records,
criminal prosecutions of the members of the mob never go
further than e perfunctory investigation by either a coroner
Juy or by a grand Juy, ending with the decision that aperson lynched "came to his death at the hands of parties
uknown.&#39;
"COHDEMN ACTIONS
"During the past year the U. S. Department of
Justice for the first time has been investigating several
or the lynchinzs. The lynching at Sikeston, Missouri,
January 25, 1952, was investigated by the United States
Department of Justice and presented to the U. S. Grand Juy,
which refused to indict either the members of the mob or the
- 3 -
/§!
v92

L fr
AT TY-U185
state officials involved. Due credit should be givent
to the present United States Department of Justice for
this much. It is quite evident that more vigorous action
must be taken by the members of the Department of Justice
presenting these cases to the Grand Jury. The report of
the Grand Jury on the Sikeston lynching includes a statement
that begins withaa rehearsal of evidence presented to it
of the crime alleged to have been committed by the victim
of the mob and then proceeds to find the victim guilty
of the crime for which he was charged by stating that in
this instance a brutal criminal was denied due process.
This was of course beyond the scope of the dand Jury
investigation and was unnecessary, uncalled for and indeed
is contrary to the facts revealed by other investigations.
"The report futher cited instances of violence
against 
egroes in uniform by civilian and state officials.
"RAP SOLDIER ATTMCKS
"An attack on a Negro soldier or sailor in uiform
is a direct attack on our government. Unless the federal
government is willing to protect its soldiers and sailors
on leave as well as while on duty, it is impossible to main-
tain the proper morale among Negro soldiers and sailors
and their families, and the authority of government itself
is seriously undermined. It is impossible to develop combat
efficiency in Negro soldiers and sailors while denying them
basic civil rights duing the period of their training.
"One of the most serious consequences of congestion
on segregated public carriers is the almost daily conflict
between soldiers and white fellow passengers, whether traveling
on duty or on furlough the colored soldier experiences
the indignity of segregation. horeover, he is often ordered
to move from seats customarily set aside for Negro passengers
so that white persons may be seated. with increasing
frequency he id denied accomodations altogether when there
are sufficient white persons waiting to fill the entire
vehicle.
- 4 -
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k; !
AT 77-#185
"In October, Montgomery, Alabama, a Negro Army
nurse was beaten and her nose broken by city policemen
because she refused to vacate the rear seat of a bus so
that white passengers might be seated. At about the same
time in Norfolk, Virginia, two Negro sergeants were beaten
and Jailed for a similar offense. In some large camps
a short furlough may be worthless to the Negro soldier
because local transportation officials will prevent him
from boarding trains or bus so that space may be available
for white passengers.
"HAVE RIGHT T0 WORK
"It is certainly agreed that American citizens
have a right to go about their work without molestation
by either civilians or state authorities. There are several
instances where white workers incited by gigots have refused
to eork with Negro eorkers and in some eases have seen
committed assaults upon Negro workers. In some plants
in the state of Alabama, white and colored workers are
going to work armed in anticipation of racial outbreaks.
"Now that the Ku Klux Klan is under indictment
by the federal government, smaller organizations, such
as Vigilantes, Inc., being sponsored by the Talmadges
of Georgia have come into existence. It is the duty of
the federal government to ferret out the leaders of these
subversive elements aimed to prevent Negroes from working
in defense plants."
&#39; C/A review of the files of the "Atlanta Journal= £f7
Atlanta tu n" news aper reference department "morgue"
by SA on September 13, 1961, revealed
no pert en ormation.
- 5 -
05&#39;!

U J
mr 77-4185 k-7C
"A1=1am=a
edvleed 5!; er: septber 1.3, 1961,that newapaii gee not % a. refernnce department ormorgue." xplained that the initials "SNS" appearing
on the dateline in his newspaper would represent the abbreviatic
for "Scott News Syndicate."
-56..

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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10V&#39;T7-#386
ADHIHESTRATIVE
Indices of the Cleveland Office were searched and
inquiries were Iade in the Reference Room of the Cleveland
Public Library, where folders are maintained on many prominent
people, and at the libraries  morgues! of the Cleveland Press
and Cleveland Plain Dealer, Cleveland!s two daily newspapers,
Iothing was found concerning MARSHALL at an of these places
other than what is reported in the details and what was clipped
from page l9 of the Dec. 21, 1953, issue of Tine magazine, an
article on the life of MARSHALL from childhood to that date;
however, it Ill noted that the papers contained articles report-
ing on speeches made by MARSHALL in Cleveland on the following
occasions but they contain nothing of a possibly derogatory
nature and reported only that he described the battle of the
IAACF in the courts for equal civil rights for Iegroea:
Ronda; following Sept. l9, 1951 - Ci
xeland Chapter
CP
Friday following Mar, 14, 1952 - CIO Conference on
Civil Rights
June 16, l959 - Community Relations Comittee of the
Jewish Community Federation
Sunday following Oct. 9, 1959 - ?rince Hall Masons
Feb. 19, 1961 - KYH-TI Program»
Careful consideration was given to each source
concealed and T symbols were utilized in the report only inthose.instances where the identities of the sources must be
conce ed.
06%;? ;AGE iegjt

L! - r
IDIIOi II92&#39;.I-I-I!
UNITE 5TATE5 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
a.,°:= s  Office: Cl-BVELAIID, onioow 83 , l C
Field Olfiee File No.:  Bureau File No.:
Title: TIURGOOD MARSHALL
DZPAR&#39;I.&#39;lEIl&#39;I&#39;AL APPLICMH
0~=m=&#39;=r= UIIIED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE
CUIT
Sv-»-1» raumoon runsmm andlisted as speakers at protest mass meeting in Cleveland,
Chio, on larch 15, 19#6, against "Ugly Race Situation" in
Colnabia, Tennessee. Cleveland papers report MARSHALL also
spoke in Cleveland on other occasions about discrimination,
integration and letters of interest to Negro people.
I -etc -
um-Ane= aw cmnmnm, cu-no
The larch 13, l9#6, issue of the Cleveland Press,
a daily newspaper of general circulation, carried an article
which stated that the Cleveland Branch or the lstional Associ-ation for the Advancement of Colored People, hereinafter 57 -
referred to as the NAACP, and a Citizens Connittee was sponsor-
ing i pretest iiii meeting en I-{ere-&#39;2 15, 1945, iiiieet the "Ugly
Race Situation" in Columbia, &#39;1ennessee,_It naaatated in this
OD article that the ewi as -
Tne Cow:-liet Fee"-Xi, &#39;6..S.&#39;A.&#39;, his teen deiiznated
pursuant to Executive Order l 50.
7 7- Pr!: 74/
This do-eunnnt contains neither nesunnudaxlena nor eenelualaaa of Ike FBI. It ll lit PIODII1! If I-II I&#39;ll and is loaned M I&#39;M!-1&#39; IIIMYI 1! I
its son!-eats are not no be dlstrlhltldentsidl NI lather. _.e__ 1- 

e slunist would92? -_!
CI 17-4886 lj;;
D
of the
the
The April 5, 1947, issue of the Call k Post,
a Cleveland, Ohio, weekly newspaper, carried an article which
reported that ILUEQOQD MiB5!iLL would be the ssin speaker tor
a giant Pair Employment Practice Comittee lass meeting -
sponsored by the local chapter ot the NAACP at the Euclidggengsugaptist Church in Cleveland, Ohio, on Tuesday, April
j O
The April 16, l9RT, issue or the Cleveland Press
reported that MARSHALL told his audience the night before at
the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church that "the Civil Bar and the
last tso Horld Hers are not over because ninorlty peoples
still are fighting for freedon."
MARSHALL reportedly warned "too many people are
sitting still waiting for something to happen." . . , Dis-
crimination, the thing they tear, already has happened. we
Inst take up arse against discrimination.
"too many people spend too much time worrying
about the rest ot the world and ignore the lack of delocracy
at hone. lo! can Is go before the nations of the norld Ilth
appeals tor deaocracy when so do not practice it at hone?
"Many people abhor lynchings, naturally. Bt ten
worry about discrimination that keeps people out or jobs.
Ihere is very little difference in dying at the and or a rope
and starving to death for want or a Job."
mne_reb, l9, i961, issue cg the_Qle§eland Press_contains an article reporting that on Fen. 18, 1901» in ?@P1?-
ing to questions on Open Circuit," a KER-TV program, THURGOOD
HARSIALL said that in his travels abroad he had had trouble
-2-1advised kZ1E:&#39;
>3

{_: - 1
cv&#39;77-#886
explaining integration problens; that people in other countries
cannot understand why an order of the United States Supreme
Court is not automatically obeyed. He said that when trouble
was conrined to Little Rock, Arkansas, he used to explain that
eity ens not typical; that nobody outside the Qnited states had
ever heard of Little Rock so that was accepted but that tactic
will not work with school integration trouble in New Orleans
because everybody known it isn&#39;t a little town.
The June 14, 1961, issue of the Cleveland Press
reported that on June 23, 1961, TIURGOOD MARSHALL in addressing
the Iational Newspaper Publishers Association at the Call & Post
auditorium in Cleveland, Ohio, said that the patience or the
!egro gas gone nnd that there would be "no cooling-oft period,"
In reportedly added "We&#39;re going to stop our country from beingenbarrassgd; We&#39;re going to save our souls, I nean the white
88889011-
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"D-I21 U-Zl-50!
.-A-_..-:11, .» __,4 &#39;-_;;m= UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
 15 nznsnn. nunmu or INVESTIGATION_92 _-  Ii,
cmzvmmo, one
I-I-|-!r.n=--R4-H» September 14 19611-N. -r;-was 
Title TEURGOOD HARSHAIL
DBPARTPIENTAL APPLICMPI
IBCITEHD SUHVIEE5 CIIU3UI?<IUIIHE
Character SECOND CIRCUIT
£70
Reference Report OI SGlevel:m|.5.- 1- -- I ---
All sources  except any listed below! used in referenced
cmnmunication have fumished reliable information in the past.
0
I
TF4; document cnnluant ncnlhcr rt;omrnonuunaal not conclunonl oi the FBI. 1| n lhi preporly
on -no FBI an: ll l..nou o our n - V QIl&#39;I=¥. I1 ind Ill contents are not to be llmnnulod oulnuo
7;-.1 uqoney4-I.*&#39;-< "1_ 2 2

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nmmmnwrm. mnxcmHa. s. cream: -._.1&#39;rr.Ix=.1:
snoom: cmcurr ,_.~; . ._
THURGOO
:;ARSHALL lR£Q
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REFERENC E &#39;
Bureau teletype to Jacksonville and other offi
- RUC
…[truncated]