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Simple Sabotage Field Manual
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Title: Simple Sabotage Field Manual
Author: United States. Office of
Strategic Services
Release date: August 4, 2008 [eBook
#26184]
Most’ recently updated:
February 4, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by: David Reed
‘** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG
EBOOK SIMPLE SABOTAGE FIELD
MANUAL KKK
Simple
Sabotage
Field Manual
Office of Strategic Services
OSS REPRODUCTION BRANCH
SIMPLE SABOTAGE FIELD MANUAL
Strategic Services
(Provisional)
STRATEGIC SERVICES FIELD MANUAL No.
3
Office of Strategic Services
Washington, D. C.
17 January 1944
This Simple Sabotage Field Manual
Strategic Services (Provisional) is published
for the information and guidance of all
concerned and will be used as the basic
doctrine for Strategic Services training for
this subject.
The contents of this Manual should be
carefully controlled and should not be
allowed to come into unauthorized hands.
The instructions may be placed in
separate pamphlets or leaflets according to
categories of operations but should be
distributed with care and not broadly. They
should be used as a basis of radio
broadcasts only for local and special cases
and as directed by the theater commander.
AR 380-5, pertaining to handling of
secret documents, will be complied with in
the handling of this Manual.
Ahh Oia
William J. Donovan
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. POSSIBLE EFFECTS
3. MOTIVATING THE SABOTEUR
4. TOOLS, TARGETS, AND TIMING
5. SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS FOR SIMPLE
SABOTAGE
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper is to
characterize simple sabotage, to outline its
possible effects, and to present suggestions
for inciting and executing it.
Sabotage varies from highly technical
coup de main acts that require detailed
planning and the use of specially-trained
operatives, to innumerable simple acts
which the ordinary individual citizen-
saboteur can perform. This paper is
primarily concerned with the latter type.
Simple sabotage does not require specially
prepared tools or equipment; it is executed
by an ordinary citizen who may or may not
act individually and without the necessity
for active connection with an organized
group; and it is carried out in such a way
as to involve a minimum danger of injury,
detection, and reprisal.
Where destruction is involved, the
weapons of the citizen-saboteur are salt,
nails, candles, pebbles, thread, or any other
materials he might normally be expected to
possess as a householder or as a worker in
his particular occupation. His arsenal is the
kitchen shelf, the trash pile, his own usual
kit of tools and supplies. The targets of his
sabotage are usually objects to which he
has normal and inconspicuous access in
everyday life.
A second type of simple sabotage
requires no destructive tools whatsoever
and produces physical damage, if any, by
highly indirect means. It is based on
universal opportunities to make faulty
decisions, to adopt a _ noncooperative
attitude, and to induce others to follow
suit. Making a faulty decision may be
simply a matter of placing tools in one spot
instead of another. A non-cooperative
attitude may involve nothing more than
creating an unpleasant situation among
one’s fellow workers, engaging in
bickerings, or displaying surliness and
stupidity.
This type of activity, sometimes referred
to as the “human element,” is frequently
responsible for accidents, delays, and
general obstruction even under normal
conditions. The potential saboteur should
discover what types of faulty decisions and
the operations are normally found in this
kind of work and should then devise his
sabotage so as to enlarge that “margin for
error.”
2. POSSIBLE EFFECTS
Acts of simple sabotage are occurring
throughout Europe. An effort should be
made to add to their efficiency, lessen their
detectability, and increase their number.
Acts of simple sabotage, multiplied by
thousands of citizen-saboteurs, can be an
effective weapon against the enemy.
Slashing tires, draining fuel tanks, starting
fires, starting arguments, acting stupidly,
short-circuiting electric systems, abrading
machine parts will waste materials,
manpower, and time. Occurring on a wide
scale, simple sabotage will be a constant
and tangible drag on the war effort of the
enemy.
Simple sabotage may also have
secondary results of more or less value.
Widespread practice of simple sabotage
will harass and demoralize enemy
administrators and police. Further, success
may embolden’ the _ citizen-saboteur
eventually to find colleagues who can assist
him in sabotage of greater dimensions.
Finally, the very practice of simple
sabotage by natives in enemy or occupied
territory may make these _ individuals
identify themselves actively with the
United Nations war effort, and encourage
them to assist openly in periods of Allied
invasion and occupation.
3. MOTIVATING THE
SABOTEUR
To incite the citizen to the active
practice of simple sabotage and to keep
him practicing that sabotage over sustained
periods is a special problem.
Simple sabotage is often an act which the
citizen performs according to his own
initiative and _ inclination. Acts _ of
destruction do not bring him any personal
gain and may be completely foreign to his
habitually conservationist attitude toward
materials and tools. Purposeful stupidity is
contrary to human nature. He frequently
needs pressure, stimulation or assurance,
and information and suggestions regarding
feasible methods of simple sabotage.
(1) Personal Motives
(a) The ordinary citizen very probably
has no immediate personal motive for
committing simple sabotage. Instead, he
must be made to anticipate indirect
personal gain, such as might come with
enemy evacuation or destruction of the
ruling government group. Gains should be
stated as specifically as possible for the
area addressed: simple sabotage will hasten
the day when Commissioner X and his
deputies Y and Z will be thrown out, when
particularly obnoxious decrees and
restrictions will be abolished, when food
will arrive, and so on. Abstract
verbalizations about personal liberty,
freedom of the press, and so on, will not be
convincing in most parts of the world. In
many areas they will not even be
comprehensible.
(b) Since the effect of his own acts is
limited, the saboteur may become
discouraged unless he feels that he is a
member of a large, though unseen, group
of saboteurs operating against the enemy
or the government of his own country and
elsewhere. This can be conveyed indirectly:
suggestions which he reads and hears can
include observations that a_ particular
technique has been successful in this or
that district. Even if the technique is not
applicable to his surroundings, another’s
success will encourage him to attempt
similar acts. It also can be conveyed
directly: statements praising the
effectiveness of simple sabotage can be
contrived which will be published by white
radio, freedom stations, and the subversive
press. Estimates of the proportion of the
population engaged in sabotage can be
disseminated. Instances of successful
sabotage already are being broadcast by
white radio and freedom stations, and this
should be continued and expanded where
compatible with security.
(c) More important than (a) or (b) would
be to create a situation in which the
citizen-saboteur acquires a sense of
responsibility and begins to educate others
in simple sabotage.
(2) Encouraging Destructiveness
It should be pointed out to the saboteur
where the circumstances are suitable, that
he is acting in self-defense against the
enemy, or retaliating against the enemy for
other acts of destruction. A reasonable
amount of humor in the presentation of
suggestions for simple sabotage will relax
tensions of fear.
(a) The saboteur may have to reverse his
thinking, and he should be told this in so
many words. Where he formerly thought of
keeping his tools sharp, he should now let
them grow dull; surfaces that formerly
were lubricated now should be sanded;
normally diligent, he should now be lazy
and careless; and so on. Once he is
encouraged to think backwards about
himself and the objects of his everyday life,
the saboteur will see many opportunities in
his immediate environment which cannot
possibly be seen from a distance. A state of
mind should be encouraged that anything
can be sabotaged.
(b) Among the potential citizen-
saboteurs who are to engage in physical
destruction, two extreme types may be
distinguished. On the one hand, there is the
man who is not technically trained and
employed. This man _ needs specific
suggestions as to what he can and should
destroy as well as details regarding the
tools by means of which destruction is
accomplished.
(c) At the other extreme is the man who
is a technician, such as a lathe operator or
an automobile mechanic. Presumably this
man would be able to devise methods of
simple sabotage which would be
appropriate to his own facilities. However,
this man needs to be stimulated to re-orient
his thinking in the direction of destruction.
Specific examples, which need not be from
his own field, should accomplish this.
(d) Various media may be used to
disseminate suggestions and information
regarding simple sabotage. Among the
media which may be used, as_ the
immediate situation dictates, are: freedom
stations or radio false (unreadable)
broadcasts or leaflets may be directed
toward specific geographic or occupational
areas, or they may be general in scope.
Finally, agents may be trained in the art of
simple sabotage, in anticipation of a time
when they may be able to communicate
this information directly.
(3) Safety Measures
(a) The amount of activity carried on by
the saboteur will be governed not only by
the number of opportunities he sees, but
also by the amount of danger he feels. Bad
news travels fast, and simple sabotage will
be discouraged if too many _ simple
saboteurs are arrested.
(b) It should not be difficult to prepare
leaflets and other media for the saboteur
about the choice of weapons, time, and
targets which will insure the saboteur
against detection and retaliation. Among
such suggestions might be the following:
(1) Use materials which appear to be
innocent. A knife or a nail file can be
carried normally on your person; either is a
multi-purpose instrument for creating
damage. Matches, pebbles, hair, salt, nails,
and dozens of other destructive agents can
be carried or kept in your living quarters
without exciting any suspicion whatever. If
you are a worker in a particular trade or
industry you can easily carry and keep
such things as wrenches, hammers, emery
paper, and the like.
(2) Try to commit acts for which large
numbers of people could be responsible.
For instance, if you blow out the wiring in
a factory at a central fire box, almost
anyone could have done it. On-the-street
sabotage after dark, such as you might be
able to carry out against a military car or
truck, is another example of an act for
which it would be impossible to blame you.
(3) Do not be afraid to commit acts for
which you might be blamed directly, so
long as you do so rarely, and as long as you
have a plausible excuse: you dropped your
wrench across an electric circuit because
an air raid had kept you up the night
before and you were half-dozing at work.
Always be profuse in your apologies.
Frequently you can “get away” with such
acts under the cover of pretending
stupidity, ignorance, over-caution, fear of
being suspected of sabotage, or weakness
and dullness due to undernourishment.
(4) After you have committed an act of
easy sabotage, resist any temptation to
wait around and see what happens.
Loiterers arouse suspicion. Of course, there
are circumstances when it would be
suspicious for you to leave. If you commit
sabotage on your job, you should naturally
stay at your work.
4. TOOLS, TARGETS, AND
TIMING
The citizen-saboteur cannot be closely
controlled. Nor is it reasonable to expect
that simple sabotage can be precisely
concentrated on specific types of target
according to the requirements of a concrete
military situation. Attempts to control
simple sabotage according to developing
military factors, moreover, might provide
the enemy with intelligence of more or less
value in anticipating the date and area of
notably intensified or notably slackened
military activity.
Sabotage suggestions, of course, should
be adapted to fit the area where they are to
be practiced. Target priorities for general
types of situations likewise can be
specified, for emphasis at the proper time
by the underground press, freedom
stations, and cooperating propaganda.
(1) Under General Conditions
(a) Simple sabotage is more than
malicious mischief, and it should always
consist of acts whose results will be
detrimental to the materials and manpower
of the enemy.
(b) The saboteur should be ingenious in
using his every-day equipment. All sorts of
weapons will present themselves if he looks
at his surroundings in a different light. For
example, emery dust—a powerful weapon
—may at first seem unobtainable, but if the
saboteur were to pulverize an emery knife
sharpener or emery wheel with a hammer,
he would find himself with a plentiful
supply.
(c) The saboteur should never attack
targets beyond his capacity or the capacity
of his instruments. An _ inexperienced
person should not, for example, attempt to
use explosives, but should confine himself
to the use of matches or other familiar
weapons.
(d) The saboteur should try to damage
only objects and materials known to be in
use by the enemy or to be destined for
early use by the enemy. It will be safe for
him to assume that almost any product of
heavy industry is destined for enemy use,
and that the most efficient fuels and
lubricants also are destined for enemy use.
Without special knowledge, however, it
would be undesirable for him to attempt
destruction of food crops or food products.
(e) Although the citizen-saboteur may
rarely have access to military objects, he
should give these preference above all
others.
(2) Prior to a Military Offensive
During periods which are quiescent in a
military sense, such emphasis as can be
given to simple sabotage might well center
on industrial production, to lessen the flow
of materials and equipment to the enemy.
Slashing a rubber tire on an Army truck
may be an act of value; spoiling a batch of
rubber in the production plant is an act of
still more value.
(3) During a Military Offensive
(a) Most significant sabotage for an area
which is, or is soon destined to be, a
theater of combat operations is that whose
effects will be direct and immediate. Even
if the effects are relatively minor and
localized, this type of sabotage is to be
preferred to activities whose effects, while
widespread, are indirect and delayed.
(1) The saboteur should be encouraged
to attack transportation facilities of all
kinds.
Among such facilities are roads,
railroads, auto mobiles, trucks, motor-
cycles, bicycles, trains, and trams.
(2) Any communications facilities which
can be used by the authorities to transmit
instructions or morale material should be
the objects of simple sabotage. These
include telephone, telegraph and power
systems, radio, newspapers, placards, and
public notices.
(3) Critical materials, valuable in
themselves or necessary to the efficient
functioning of transportation and
communication, also should become targets
for the citizen-saboteur. These may include
oil, gasoline, tires, food, and water.
5. SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS
FOR SIMPLE SABOTAGE
It will not be possible to evaluate the
desirability of simple sabotage in an area
without having in mind rather specifically
what individual acts and results are
embraced by the definition of simple
sabotage.
A listing of specific acts follows,
classified according to types of target. This
list is presented as a growing rather than a
complete outline of the methods of simple
sabotage. As new techniques are
developed, or new fields explored, it will
be elaborated and expanded.
(1) Buildings
Warehouses, barracks, offices, hotels,
and factory buildings are outstanding
targets for simple sabotage. They are
extremely susceptible to damage, especially
by fire; they offer opportunities to such
untrained people as janitors, charwomen,
and casual visitors; and, when damaged,
they present a relatively large handicap to
the enemy.
(a) Fires can be started wherever there is
an accumulation of inflammable material.
Warehouses are obviously the most
promising targets but incendiary sabotage
need not be confined to them alone.
(1) Whenever possible, arrange to have
the fire start after you have gone away. Use
a candle and paper, combination, setting it
as close as possible to the inflammable
material you want to burn: From a sheet of
paper, tear a strip three or four centimeters
wide and wrap it around the base of the
candle two or three times. Twist more
sheets of paper into loose ropes and place
them around the base of the candle. When
the candle flame reaches the encircling
strip, it will be ignited and in turn will
ignite the surrounding paper. The size,
heat, and duration of the resulting flame
will depend on how much paper you use
and how much of it you can cramp in a
small space.
(2) With a flame of this kind, do not
attempt to ignite any but rather
inflammable materials, such as cotton
sacking. To light more resistant materials,
use a candle plus tightly rolled or twisted
paper which has been soaked in gasoline.
To create a briefer but even hotter flame,
put celluloid such as you might find in an
old comb, into a nest of plain or saturated
paper which is to be fired by a candle.
(3) To make another type of simple fuse,
soak one end of a piece of string in grease.
Rub a generous pinch of gunpowder over
the inch of string where greasy string
meets clean string. Then ignite the clean
end of the string. It will burn slowly
without a flame (in much the same way
that a cigarette burns) until it reaches the
grease and gunpowder; it will then flare up
suddenly. The grease-treated string will
then burn with a flame. The same effect
may be achieved by using matches instead
of the grease and gunpowder. Run the
string over the match heads, taking care
that the string is not pressed or knotted.
They too will produce a sudden flame. The
advantage of this type of fuse is that string
burns at a set speed. You can time your fire
by the length and thickness of the string
you chose.
(4) Use a fuse such as; the ones
suggested above to start a fire in an office
after hours. The destruction of records and
other types of documents would be a
serious handicap to the enemy.
(5) In basements where waste is kept,
janitors should accumulate oily and greasy
waste. Such waste sometimes ignites
spontaneously, but it can easily be lit with
a cigarette or match. If you are a janitor on
night duty, you can be the first to report
the fire, but don’t report it too soon.
(6) A clean factory is not susceptible to
fire, but a dirty one is. Workers should be
careless with refuse and janitors should be
inefficient in cleaning. If enough dirt and
trash can be accumulated an otherwise
fireproof building will become
inflammable.
(7) Where illuminating gas is used in a
room which is vacant at night, shut the
windows tightly, turn on the gas, and leave
a candle burning in the room, closing the
door tightly behind you. After a time, the
gas will explode, and a fire may or may not
follow.
(b) Water and miscellaneous
(1) Ruin warehouse stock by setting the
automatic sprinkler system to work. You
can do this by tapping the sprinkler heads
sharply with a hammer or by holding a
match under them.
(2) Forget to provide paper in toilets; put
tightly rolled paper, hair, and _ other
obstructions in the W. C. Saturate a sponge
with a thick starch or sugar solution.
Squeeze it tightly into a ball, wrap it with
string, and dry. Remove the string when
fully dried. The sponge will be in the form
of a tight hard ball. Flush down a
W. C. or otherwise introduce into a
sewer line. The sponge will gradually
expand to its normal size and plug the
sewage system.
(3) Put a coin beneath a bulb in a public
building during the daytime, so that fuses
will blow out when lights are turned on at
night. The fuses themselves may be
rendered ineffective by putting a coin
behind them or loading them with heavy
wire. Then a short-circuit may either start a
fire, damage transformers, or blow out a
central fuse which will interrupt
distribution of electricity to a large area.
(4) Jam paper, bits of wood, hairpins,
and anything else that will fit, into the
locks of all unguarded entrances to public
buildings.
(2) Industrial Production: Manufacturing
(a) Tools
(1) Let cutting tools grow dull. They will
be inefficient, will slow down production,
and may damage the materials and parts
you use them on.
(2) Leave saws slightly twisted when you
are not using them. After a while, they will
break when used.
(3) Using a very rapid stroke will wear
out a file before its time. So will dragging a
file in slow strokes under heavy pressure.
Exert pressure on the backward stroke as
well as the forward stroke.
(4) Clean files by knocking them against
the vise or the workpiece; they are easily
broken this way.
(5) Bits and drills will snap under heavy
pressure.
(6) You can put a press punch out of
order by putting in it more material than it
is adjusted for—two blanks instead of one,
for example.
(7) Power-driven tools like pneumatic
drills, riveters, and so on, are never
efficient when dirty. Lubrication points and
electric contacts can easily be fouled by
normal accumulations of dirt or the
insertion of foreign matter.
(b) Oil and lubrication systems are not
only vulnerable to easy sabotage, but are
critical in every machine with moving
parts. Sabotage of oil and lubrication will
slow production or stop work entirely at
strategic points in industrial processes.
(1) Put metal dust or filings, fine sand,
ground glass, emery dust (get it by
pounding up an emery knife sharpener)
and similar hard, gritty substances directly
into lubrication systems. They will scour
smooth surfaces, ruining pistons, cylinder
walls, shafts, and bearings. They will
overheat and stop motors which will need
overhauling, new parts, and extensive
repairs. Such materials, if they are used,
should be introduced into lubrication
systems past any filters which otherwise
would strain them out.
(2) You can cause wear on any machine
by uncovering a filter system, poking a
pencil or any other sharp object through
the filter mesh, then covering it up again.
Or, if you can dispose of it quickly, simply
remove the filter.
(3) If you cannot get at the lubrication
system or filter directly, you may be able to
lessen the effectiveness of oil by diluting it
in storage. In this case, almost any liquid
will do which will thin the oil. A small
amount of sulphuric acid, varnish, water-
glass, or linseed oil will be especially
effective.
(4) Using a thin oil where a heavy oil is
prescribed will break down a machine or
heat up a moving shaft so that it will
“freeze” and stop.
(5) Put any clogging substance into
lubrication systems or, if it will float, into
stored oil. Twisted combings of human
hair, pieces of string, dead insects, and
many other common objects will be
effective in stopping or hindering the flow
of oil through feed lines and filters.
(6) Under some circumstances, you may
be able to destroy oil outright rather than
interfere with its effectiveness, by
removing stop-plugs from lubricating
systems or by puncturing the drums and
cans in which it is stored.
(c) Cooling Systems (1.) A water cooling
system can be put out of commission in a
fairly short time, with considerable damage
to an engine or motor, if you put into it
several pinches of hard grain, such as rice
or wheat. They will swell up and choke the
circulation of water, and the cooling
system will have to be torn down to
remove the obstruction. Sawdust or hair
may also be used to clog a water cooling
system.
(2) If very cold water is quickly
introduced into the cooling system of an
overheated motor, contraction and
considerable strain on the engine housing
will result. If you can repeat the treatment
a few times, cracking and serious damage
will result.
(3) You can ruin the effectiveness of an
air cooling system by plugging dirt and
waste into intake or exhaust valves. If a
belt-run fan is used in the system, make a
jagged cut at least half way through the
belt; it will slip and finally part under
strain and the motor will overheat.
(d) Gasoline and Oil Fuel Tanks and
fueling engines usually are accessible and
easy to open. They afford a very vulnerable
target for simple sabotage activities. (1.)
Put several pinches of sawdust or hard
grain, such as rice or wheat, into the fuel
tank of a gasoline engine. The particles will
choke a feed line so that the engine will
stop. Some time will be required to
discover the source of the trouble.
Although they will be hard to get, crumbs
of natural rubber, such as you might find in
old rubber bands and pencil erasers, are
also effective.
(2) If you can accumulate sugar, put it in
the fuel tank of a gasoline engine. As it
burns together with the gasoline, it will
turn into a_ sticky mess which will
completely mire the engine and necessitate
extensive cleaning and repair. Honey and
molasses are as good as sugar. Try to use
about 75-100 grams for each 10 gallons of
gasoline.
(3) Other impurities which you can
introduce into gasoline will cause rapid
engine wear and eventual breakdown. Fine
particles of pumice, sand, ground glass,
and metal dust can easily be introduced
into a gasoline tank. Be sure that the
particles are very fine, so that they will be
able to pass through the carburetor jet.
(4) Water, urine, wine, or any other
simple liquid you can get in reasonably
large quantities will dilute gasoline fuel to
a point where no combustion will occur in
the cylinder and the engine will not move.
One pint to 20 gallons of gasoline is
sufficient. If salt water is used, it will cause
corrosion and permanent motor damage.
(5) In the case of Diesel engines, put low
flashpoint oil into the fuel tank; the engine
will not move. If there already is proper oil
in the tank when the wrong kind is added,
the engine will only limp and sputter
along.
(6) Fuel lines to gasoline and oil engines
frequently pass over the exhaust pipe.
When the machine is at rest, you can stab a
small hole in the fuel line and plug the hole
with wax. As the engine runs and the
exhaust tube becomes hot, the wax will be
melted; fuel will drip onto the exhaust and
a blaze will start.
(7) If you have access to a room where
gasoline is stored, remember that gas vapor
accumulating in a closed room will explode
after a time if you leave a candle burning
in the room. A good deal of evaporation,
however, must occur from the gasoline tins
into the air of the room. If removal of the
tops of the tins does not expose enough
gasoline to the air to ensure copious
evaporation, you can _ open lightly
constructed tins further with a knife, ice
pick or sharpened nail file. Or puncture a
tiny hole in the tank which will permit
gasoline to leak out on the floor. This will
greatly increase the rate of evaporation.
Before you light your candle, be sure that
windows are closed and the room is as air-
tight as you can make it. If you can see that
windows in a neighboring room are opened
wide, you have a chance of setting a large
fire which will not only destroy the
gasoline but anything else nearby; when
the gasoline explodes, the doors of the
storage room will be blown open, a draft to
the neighboring windows will be created
which will whip up a fine conflagration.
(e) Electric Motors Electric motors
(including dynamos) are more restricted
than the targets so far discussed. They
cannot be sabotaged easily or without risk
of injury by unskilled persons who may
otherwise have good opportunities for
destruction.
(1) Set the rheostat to a high point of
resistance in all types of electric motors.
They will overheat and catch fire.
(2) Adjust the overload relay to a very
high value beyond the capacity of the
motor. Then overload the motor to a point
where it will overheat and break down.
(3) Remember that dust, dirt, and
moisture are enemies of _ electrical
equipment. Spill dust and dirt onto the
points where the wires in electric motors
connect with terminals, and onto insulating
parts. Inefficient transmission of current
and, in some cases, short circuits will
result. Wet generator motors to produce
short circuits.
(4) “Accidentally” bruise the insulation
on wire, loosen nuts on connections, make
faulty splices and faulty connections in
wiring, to waste electric current and reduce
the power of electric motors, the power
output or cause short circuiting in direct-
current motors: Loosen or remove
commutator holding rings. Sprinkle carbon,
graphite, or metal dust on commutators.
Put a little grease or oil at the contact
points of commutators. Where commutator
bars are close together bridge the gaps
between them with metal dust, or sawtooth
their edges with a chisel so that the teeth
on adjoining bars meet or nearly meet and
current can pass from one to the other.
(6) Put a piece of finely grained emery
paper half the size of a postage stamp in a
place where it will wear away rotating
brushes. The emery paper and the motor
will be destroyed in the resulting fire.
(7) Sprinkle carbon, graphite or metal
dust on slip-rings so that the current will
leak or short circuits will occur. When a
motor is idle, nick the slip-rings with a
chisel.
(8) Cause motor stoppage or inefficiency
by applying dust mixed with grease to the
face of the armature so that it will not
make proper contact.
(9) To overheat electric motors, mix sand
with heavy grease and smear it between
the stator and rotor, or wedge thin metal
pieces between them. To prevent the
efficient generation of current, put floor
sweepings, oil, tar, or paint between them.
(10) In motors using three-phase current,
deeply nick one of the lead-in wires with a
knife or file when the machine is at rest, or
replace one of the three fuses with a
blown-out fuse. In the first case, the motor
will stop after running awhile, and in the
second, it will not start.
(f) Transformers
(1) Transformers of the oil-filled type can
be put out of commission if you pour
water, salt water, machine-tool coolant, or
kerosene into the oil tank.
(2) In air-cooled transformers, block the
ventilation by piling debris around the
transformer.
(3) In all types of transformers, throw
carbon, graphite or metal dust over the
outside bushings and other exposed
electrical parts.
(g) Turbines for the most part are
heavily built, stoutly housed, and difficult
of access. Their vulnerability to simple
sabotage is very low.
(1) After inspecting or repairing a hydro
turbine, fasten the cover insecurely so that
it will blow off and flood the plant with
water. A loose cover on a steam turbine
will cause it to leak and slow down.
(2) In water turbines, insert a large piece
of scrap iron in the head of the penstock,
just beyond the screening, so that water
will carry the damaging material down to
the plant equipment.
(3) When the steam line to a turbine is
opened for repair, put pieces of scrap iron
into it, to be blasted into the turbine
machinery when steam is up again.
(4) Create a leak in the line feeding oil to
the turbine, so that oil will fall on the hot
steam pipe and cause a fire.
(h) Boilers
(1) Reduce the efficiency of steam boilers
any way you can. Put too much water in
them to make them slow-starting, or keep
the fire under them low to keep them
inefficient. Let them dry and turn the fire
up; they will crack and be ruined. An
especially good trick is to keep putting
limestone or water containing lime in the
boiler; it will deposit lime on the bottom
and sides. This deposit will provide very
good insulation against heat; after enough
of it has collected, the boiler will be
completely worthless.
(3) Production. Metals
(a) Iron and Steel
(1) Keep blast furnaces in a condition
where they must be frequently shut down
for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for
the inner lining of blast furnaces, put in an
extra proportion of tar so that they will
wear out quickly and necessitate constant
re-lining.
(2) Make cores for casting so that they
are filled with air bubbles and an imperfect
cast results.
(3) See that the core in a mold is not
properly supported, so that the core gives
way or the casting is spoiled because of the
incorrect position of the core.
(4) In tempering steel or iron, apply too
much heat, so that the resulting bars and
ingots are of poor quality.
(b) Other Metals
No suggestions available.
(4) Production: Mining and Mineral
Extraction
(a) Coal
(1) A slight blow against your Davy oil
lamp will extinguish it, and to light it again
you will have to find a place where there is
no fire damp. Take a long time looking for
the place.
(2) Blacksmiths who make pneumatic
picks should not harden them properly, so
that they will quickly grow dull.
(3) You can easily put your pneumatic
pick out of order. Pour a small amount of
water through the oil lever and your pick
will stop working. Coal dust and improper
lubrication will also put it out of order.
(4) Weaken the chain that pulls the
bucket conveyers carrying coal. A deep
dent in the chain made with blows of a
pick or shovel will cause it to part under
normal strain. Once a chain _ breaks,
normally or otherwise take your time about
reporting the damage; be slow about taking
the chain up for repairs and bringing it
back down after repairs.
(5) Derail mine cars by putting
obstructions on the rails and in switch
points. If possible, pick a gallery where
coal cars have to pass each other, so that
traffic will be snarled up.
(6) Send up quantities of rock and other
useless material with the coal.
(5) Production: Agriculture
(a) Machinery
(1) See par. 5 b. (2) (c), (d), (e).
(b) Crops and livestock probably will be
destroyed only in areas where there are
large food surpluses or where the enemy
(regime) is known to be requisitioning
food.
(1.) Feed crops to livestock. Let crops
harvest too early or too late. Spoil stores of
grain, fruit and vegetables by soaking them
in water so that they will rot. Spoil fruit
and vegetables by leaving them in the sun.
(6) Transportation: Railways
(a) Passengers
(1.) Make train travel as inconvenient as
possible for enemy personnel. Make
mistakes in issuing train tickets, leaving
portions of the journey uncovered by the
ticket book; issue two tickets for the same
seat in the train, so that an interesting
argument will result; near train time,
instead of issuing printed tickets write
them out slowly by hand, prolonging the
process until the train is nearly ready to
leave or has left the station. On station
bulletin boards announcing train arrivals
and departures, see that false and
misleading information is given about
trains bound for enemy destinations.
(2) In trains bound for enemy
destinations, attendants should make life as
uncomfortable as possible for passengers.
See that the food is especially bad, take up
tickets after midnight, call all station stops
very loudly during the night, handle
baggage as noisily as possible during the
night, and so on.
(3) See that the luggage of enemy
personnel is mislaid or unloaded at the
wrong stations.
Switch address labels on enemy baggage.
(4) Engineers should see that trains run
slow or make unscheduled stops for
plausible reasons.
(b) Switches, Signals and Routing
(1) Exchange wires in switchboards
containing signals and switches, so that
they connect to the wrong terminals.
(2) Loosen push-rods so that signal arms
do not work; break signal lights; exchange
the colored lenses on red and green lights.
(3) Spread and spike switch points in the
track so that they will not move, or place
rocks or close-packed dirt between the
switch points.
(4) Sprinkle rock salt or ordinary salt
profusely over the electrical connections of
switch points and on the ground nearby.
When it rains, the switch will be short-
circuited.
(5) See that cars are put on the wrong
trains. Remove the labels from cars
needing repair and put them on cars in
good order. Leave couplings between cars
as loose as possible.
(c) Road-beds and Open Track
(1) On a curve, take the bolts out of the
tie-plates connecting to sections of the
outside rail, and scoop away the gravel,
cinders, or dirt for a few feet on each side
of the connecting joint.
(2) If by disconnecting the tie-plate at a
joint and loosening sleeper nails on each
side of the joint, it becomes possible to
move a sections of rail, spread two sections
of rail and drive a spike vertically between
them.
(d) Oil and Lubrication
(1) See 5 b. (2) (b).
(2) Squeeze lubricating pipes with
pincers or dent them with hammers, so
that the flow of oil is obstructed.
(e) Cooling Systems
(1) See 5 b (2) (c).
(f) Gasoline and Oil Fuel
(1) See 5 b (2) (d).
(g) Electric Motors
(1) See 5 b (2) (e) and (f).
(h) Boilers
(1) See 5 b (2) (h).
(2) After inspection put heavy oil or tar
in the engines’ boilers, or put half a
kilogram of soft soap into the water in the
tender.
(i) Brakes and Miscellaneous
(1) Engines should run at high speeds
and use brakes excessively at curves and on
downhill grades.
(2) Punch holes in air-brake valves or
water supply pipes.
(3) In the last car of a passenger train or
or a front car of a freight, remove the
wadding from a journal box and replace it
with oily rags.
(7) Transportation: Automotive
(a) Roads. Damage to roads [(3) below]
is slow, and therefore impractical as a D-
day or near D-day activity.
(1) Change sign posts at intersections
and forks; the enemy will go the wrong
way and it may be miles before he
discovers his mistakes.
In areas where traffic is composed
primarily of enemy autos, trucks, and
motor convoys of various kinds remove
danger signals from curves and
intersections.
(2) When the enemy asks for directions,
give him wrong information. Especially
when enemy convoys are in_ the
neighborhood, truck drivers can spread
rumors and give false information about
bridges being out, ferries closed, and
detours lying ahead.
(3) If you can start damage to a heavily
traveled road, passing traffic and the
elements will do the rest. Construction
gangs can see that too much sand or water
is put in concrete or that the road
foundation has soft spots. Anyone can
scoop ruts in asphalt and macadam roads
which turn soft in hot weather; passing
trucks will accentuate the ruts to a point
where substantial repair will be needed.
Dirt roads also can be scooped out. If you
are a road laborer, it will be only a few
minutes work to divert a small stream from
a sluice so that it runs over and eats away
the road.
(4) Distribute broken glass, nails, and
sharp rocks on roads to puncture tires.
(b) Passengers
(1) Bus-driver can go past the stop where
the enemy wants to get off. Taxi drivers
can waste the enemy’s time and make extra
money by driving the longest possible
route to his destination.
(c) Oil and Lubrication
(1) See 5 b. (2) (b).
(2) Disconnect the oil pump; this will
burn out the main bearings in less than 50
miles of normal driving.
(d) Radiator
(1) See 5 b. (2) (c).
(e) Fuel
(1) See 5 b. (2) (d).
(f) Battery and Ignition
(1) Jam bits of wood into the ignition
lock; loosen or exchange connections
behind the switchboard; put dirt in spark
plugs; damage distributor points.
(2) Turn on the lights in parked cars so
that the battery will run down.
(3) Mechanics can ruin batteries in a
number of undetectable ways: Take the
valve cap off a cell, and drive a screw
driver slantwise into the exposed water
vent, shattering the plates of the cell; no
damage will show when you put the cap
back on. Iron or copper filings put into the
cells i.e., dropped into the acid, will greatly
shorten its life. Copper coins or a few
pieces of iron will accomplish the same and
more slowly.
One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of
vinegar in each cell greatly reduces the life
of the battery, but the odor of the vinegar
may reveal what has happened.
(g) Gears
(1) Remove the lubricant from or put too
light a lubricant in the transmission and
other gears.
(2) In trucks, tractors, and _ other
machines with heavy gears, fix the gear
case insecurely, putting bolts in only half
the bolt holes. The gears will be badly
jolted in use and will soon need repairs.
(h) Tires
(1) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded
vehicles. Put a nail inside a match box or
other small box, and set it vertically in
front of the back tire of a stationary car;
when the car starts off, the nail will go
neatly through the tire.
(2) It is easy to damage a tire in a tire
repair shop: In fixing flats, spill glass,
benzine, caustic soda, or other material
inside the casing which will puncture or
corrode the tube. If you put a gummy
substance inside the tube, the next flat will
stick the tube to the casing and make it
unusable. Or, when you fix a flat tire, you
can simply leave between the tube and the
casing the object which caused the flat in
the first place.
(3) In assembling a tire after repair,
pump the tube up as fast as you can.
Instead of filling out smoothly, it may
crease, in which case it will wear out
quickly. Or, as you put a tire together, see
if you can pinch the tube between the rim
of the tire and the rim of the wheel, so that
a blow-out will result.
(4) In putting air into tires, see that they
are kept below normal pressure, so that
more than an ordinary amount of wear will
result. In filling tires on double wheels,
inflate the inner tire to a much higher
pressure than the outer one; both will wear
out more quickly this way. Badly aligned
wheels also wear tires out quickly; you can
leave wheels out of alignment when they
come in for adjustment, or you can spring
them out of true with a strong kick, or by
driving the car slowly and diagonally into a
curb.
(5) If you have access to stocks of tires,
you can rot them by spilling oil, gasoline,
caustic acid, or benzine on them. Synthetic
rubber, however, is less susceptible to these
chemicals.
(8) Transportation: Water
(a) Navigation
(1) Barge and river boat personnel
should spread false rumors about the
navigability and conditions of the
waterways they travel. Tell other barge and
boat captains to follow channels that will
take extra time, or cause them to make
canal detours.
(2) Barge and river boat captains should
navigate with exceeding caution near locks
and bridges, to waste their time and to
waste the time of other craft which may
have to wait on them. If you don’t pump
the bilges of ships and barges often
enough, they will be slower and harder to
navigate. Barges “accidentally” run
aground are an efficient time waster too.
(3) Attendants on swing, draw, or
bascule bridges can delay traffic over the
bridge or in the waterway underneath by
being slow. Boat captains can leave
unattended draw bridges open in order to
hold up road traffic.
(4) Add or subtract compensating
magnets to the compass on cargo ships.
Demagnetize the compass or maladjust it
by concealing a large bar of steel or iron
near to it.
(b) Cargo
(1) While loading or unloading, handle
cargo carelessly in order to cause damage.
Arrange the cargo so that the weakest and
lightest crates and boxes will be at the
bottom of the hold, while the heaviest ones
are on top of them.
Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on
sloppily, so that rain and deck wash will
injure the cargo.
Tie float valves open so that storage
tanks will overflow on perishable goods.
(9) Communications
(a) Telephone
(1) At office, hotel and exchange switch
boards delay putting enemy calls through,
give them wrong numbers, cut them off
“accidentally,” or forget to disconnect them
so that the line cannot be used again.
(2) Hamper official and _ especially
military business by making at least one
telephone call a day to an enemy
headquarters; when you get them, tell
them you have the wrong number.
Call military or police offices and make
anonymous false reports of fires, air raids,
bombs.
(3) In offices and buildings used by the
enemy, unscrew the earphone of telephone
receivers and remove the diaphragm.
Electricians and telephone repair men can
make poor connections and damage
insulation so that cross talk and other kinds
of electrical interference will make
conversations hard or impossible to
understand.
(4) Put the batteries under automatic
switchboards out of commission by
dropping nails, metal filings, or coins into
the cells. If you can treat half the batteries
in this way, the switchboard will stop
working. A whole telephone system can be
disrupted if you can put 10 percent of the
cells in half the batteries of the central
battery room out of order.
(b) Telegraph
(1) Delay the transmission and delivery
of telegrams to enemy destinations.
(2) Garble telegrams to enemy
destinations so that another telegram will
have to be sent or a long distance call will
have to be made. Sometimes it will be
possible to do this by changing a single
letter in a word—for example, changing
“minimum” to “maximum,” so that the
person receiving the telegram will not
know whether “minimum” or “maximum”
is meant.
(c) Transportation Lines
(1) Cut telephone and _ telegraph
transmission lines. Damage insulation on
power lines to cause interference.
(d) Mail
(1) Post office employees can see to it
that enemy mail is always delayed by one
day or more, that it is put in wrong sacks,
and so on.
(e) Motion Pictures
(1) Projector operators can ruin
newsreels and other enemy propaganda
films by bad focusing, speeding up or
slowing down the film and by causing
frequent breakage in the film.
(2) Audiences can ruin enemy
propaganda films by applauding to drown
the words of the speaker, by coughing
loudly, and by talking.
(3) Anyone can break up a showing of an
enemy propaganda film by putting two or
three dozen large moths in a paper bag.
Take the bag to the movies with you, put it
on the floor in an empty section of the
theater as you go in and leave it open. The
moths will fly out and climb into the
projector beam, so that the film will be
obscured by fluttering shadows.
(f) Radio
(1) Station engineers will find it quite
easy to overmodulate transmissions of talks
by persons giving enemy propaganda or
instructions, so that they will sound as if
they were talking through a heavy cotton
blanket with a mouth full of marbles.
(2) In your own apartment building, you
can interfere with radio reception at times
when the enemy wants everybody to listen.
Take an electric light plug off the end of an
electric light cord; take some wire out of
the cord and tie it across two terminals of a
two-prong plug or three terminals of a
four-prong plug. Then take it around and
put it into as many wall and floor outlets as
you can find. Each time you insert the plug
into a new circuit, you will blow out a fuse
and silence all radios running on power
from that circuit until a new fuse is put in.
(3) Damaging insulation on any
electrical equipment tends to create radio
interference in the immediate
neighborhood, particularly on large
generators, neon signs, fluorescent lighting,
X-ray machines, and power lines. If
workmen can damage insulation on a high
tension line near an enemy airfield, they
will make ground-to-plane radio
communications difficult and perhaps
impossible during long periods of the day.
(10) Electric Power
(a) Turbines, Electric Motors,
Transformers
(1) See 5 b. (2) (e), (f),and (g).
(b) Transmission Lines
(1.) Linesmen can loosen and dirty
insulators to cause power leakage. It will
be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of
very heavy string several times back and
forth between two parallel transmission
lines, winding it several turns around the
wire each time. Beforehand, the string
should be heavily saturated with salt and
then dried. When it rains, the string
becomes a conductor, and a short-circuit
will result.
(11) General Interference with
Organizations and Production
(a) Organizations and Conferences (1)
Insist on doing everything through
“channels.” Never permit short-cuts to be
taken in order to expedite decisions.
(2) Make “speeches.” Talk as frequently
as possible and at great length. Illustrate
your “points” by long anecdotes and
accounts of personal experiences. Never
hesitate to make a few appropriate
“patriotic” comments.
(3) When possible, refer all matters to
committees, for “further study and
consideration.” Attempt to make _ the
committees as large as possible—never less
than five.
(4) Bring up irrelevant issues as
frequently as possible.
(5) Haggle over precise wordings of
communications, minutes, resolutions.
(6) Refer back to matters decided upon
at the last meeting and attempt to re-open
the question of the advisability of that
decision.
(7) Advocate “caution.” Be “reasonable”
and urge your fellow-conferees to be
“reasonable” and avoid haste which might
result in embarrassments or difficulties
later on.
(8) Be worried about the propriety of
any decision—raise the question of
whether such action as is contemplated lies
within the jurisdiction of the group or
whether it might conflict with the policy of
some higher echelon.
(b) Managers and Supervisors
(1) Demand written orders.
(2) “Misunderstand” orders. Ask endless
questions or engage in long correspondence
about such orders. Quibble over them
when you can.
(3) Do everything possible to delay the
delivery of orders. Even though parts of an
order may be ready beforehand, don’t
deliver it until it is completely ready.
(4) Don’t order new working materials
until your current stocks have been
virtually exhausted, so that the slightest
delay in filling your order will mean a
shutdown.
(5) Order high-quality materials which
are hard to get. If you don’t get them argue
about it. Warn that inferior materials will
mean inferior work.
(6) In making work assignments, always
sign out the unimportant jobs first. See that
the important jobs are assigned to
inefficient workers of poor machines.
(7) Insist on perfect work in relatively
unimportant products; send back for
refinishing those which have the least flaw.
Approve other defective parts whose flaws
are not visible to the naked eye.
(8) Make mistakes in routing so that
parts and materials will be sent to the
wrong place in the plant.
(9) When training new workers, give
incomplete or misleading instructions.
(10) To lower morale and with it,
production, be pleasant to _ inefficient
workers; give them undeserved
promotions. Discriminate against efficient
workers; complain unjustly about their
work.
(11) Hold conferences when there is
more critical work to be done.
(12) Multiply paper work in plausible
ways.
Start duplicate files.
(13) Multiply the procedures and
clearances involved in issuing instructions,
pay checks, and so on. See that three
people have to approve everything where
one would do.
(14) Apply all regulations to the last
letter.
(c) Office Workers
(1) Make mistakes in quantities of
material when you are copying orders.
Confuse similar names. Use wrong
addresses.
(2) Prolong correspondence’ with
government bureaus.
(3) Misfile essential documents.
(4) In making carbon copies, make one
too few, so that an extra copying job will
have to be done.
(5) Tell important callers the boss is busy
or talking on another telephone.
(6) Hold up mail until the next
collection.
(7) Spread disturbing rumors that sound
like inside dope.
(d) Employees
(1) Work slowly. Think out ways to
increase the number of movements
necessary on your job: use a light hammer
instead of a heavy one, try to make a small
wrench do when a big one is necessary, use
little force where considerable force is
needed, and so on.
(2) Contrive as many interruptions to
your work as you can: when changing the
material on which you are working, as you
would on a lathe or punch, take needless
time to do it. If you are cutting, shaping or
doing other measured work, measure
dimensions twice as often as you need to.
When you go to the lavatory, spend a
longer time there than is necessary.
Forget tools so that you will have to go
back after them.
(3) Even if you understand the language,
pretend not to understand instructions in a
foreign tongue.
(4) Pretend that instructions are hard to
understand, and ask to have them repeated
more than once. Or pretend that you are
particularly anxious to do your work, and
pester the foreman with unnecessary
questions.
(5) Do your work poorly and blame it on
bad tools, machinery, or equipment.
Complain that these things are preventing
you from doing your job right.
(6) Never pass on your skill and
experience to a new or less skillful worker.
(7) Snarl up administration in every
possible way. Fill out forms illegibly so that
they will have to be done over; make
mistakes or omit requested information in
forms.
(8) If possible, join or help organize a
group for presenting employee problems to
the management. See that the procedures
adopted are as inconvenient as possible for
the management, involving the presence of
a large number of employees at each
presentation, entailing more than one
meeting for each grievance, bringing up
problems which are largely imaginary, and
so on.
(9) Misroute materials.
(10) Mix good parts with unusable scrap
and rejected parts.
(12) General Devices for Lowering Morale
and Creating Confusion
(a) Give lengthy and incomprehensible
explanations when questioned.
(b) Report imaginary spies or danger to
the Gestapo or police.
(c) Act stupid.
(d) Be as irritable and quarrelsome as
possible without getting yourself into
trouble.
(e) Misunderstand all sorts of regulations
concerning such matters as_ rationing,
transportation, traffic regulations.
(f) Complain against ersatz materials.
(g) In public treat axis nationals or
quislings coldly.
(h) Stop all conversation when axis
nationals or quislings enter a cafe.
(i) Cry and sob hysterically at every
occasion, especially when confronted by
government clerks.
(j) Boycott all movies, entertainments,
concerts, newspapers which are in any way
connected with the quisling authorities.
(k) Do not cooperate in salvage schemes.
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