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WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL
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1 civfflRY
.V-
DRILL REGULATIONS,
HORSE.
WAR DEPARTMENT • 13 MARCH 1944
WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL
FM 2-5
This manual supersedes FM 2-5, Horse Cavalry, 6 August
iq4o, including Changes No. i, 19 September IQ41-
CAVALRY
CAVALRY
DRILL REGULATIONS,
HORSE
WAR DEPARTMENT • 13 MARCH 1944
United States Government Printing Office
Washington: 1944
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington 25, D. C, 13 March 1944.
FM 2-5, Cavalry Field Manual, Cavalry Drill Regu-
lations, Horse, is published for the information and
guidance of all concerned.
[A. G. 300.7 (10 Jan 44).]
By order of the Secretary of War :
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official :
J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution :
B and H 2(5) ; R 2(5) ; IBn 2(10) : IC 2(15).
(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)
CONTENTS
Paragraphs Page
Chapter 1. Individual instruction.
Section I. General 1-2 1
II. Commands 3-7 2
Chapter 2. Drill.
Section I. General rules and
fundamentals .... 8-15 17
II. Manual of arms for ,
rifle, mounted . . . 16- 20 21
III. Rifle squad, rifle
troop 21- 60 22
IV. Rifle platoon, rifle •
troop 61- 82 39
V. Light machine-gun
squad, rifle troop . 83- 97 52
VI. Light machine-gun
section, rifle troop 98-113 60
VII. Caliber .50 machine-
gun squad, rifle
troop 114-118 67
VIII. Caliber .50 machine-
gun section, rifle
troop 119-124 71
Paragraphs
Page
IX.
Machine-gun pla-
toon, rifle troop . . .
125-144
73
X.
145-162
81
XI.
Machine-gun squad,
weapons troop . . .
163-169
93
XII.
Machine-gun section,
weapons troop . . .
170-172
94
XIII.
Machine-gun platoon,
weapons troop . . .
173-174
95
XIV.
Mortar squad,
•
weapons troop . . .
175-179
95
XV.
Mortar section,
weapons troop . . .
180-183
97
XVI.
Mortar platoon,
weapons troop . . .
184-188
98
XVII.
Weapons troop ....
189-203
99
XVIII.
Train defense pla-
toon, service troop
204-205
103
XIX.
Pioneer and demoli-
tions section, ser-
206-207
104
XX.
Administrative pla-
toon, service troop
208-209
104
XXI.
Regimental motor
maintenance pla-
toon, service troop
210-211
105
XXII.
Supply and transpor-
tation platoon, ser-
212-213
105
XXIII.
Service troop
214-215
106
XXIV.
Communications pla-
toon, headquarters
216-217
106
Paragraphs Page
XXV. Reconnaissance pla-
toon, headquarters
troop 218-223 107
XXVI. Antitank platoon,
headquarters troop 224—225 111
XXVII. Headquarters troop . 226-228 111
XXVIII. Rifle squadron 229-239 112
XXIX. Regiment 240-245 119
Chapter 3. Ceremonies and inspections.
Section I. General provisions
and initial for-
mations 246-253 123
II. Reviews 254-259 133
III. Parades 260-262 143
IV. Escorts 263-266 146
V. Inspections 267-272 151
Appendix. Organizational charts 161
Index I
This manual supersedes FM 2-5, Horse Cavalry, 6 August 1940,
including Changes No. 1, 19 September 1941.
CHAPTER 1
INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION
SECTION I
GENERAL
1. SCOPE, a. The mounted drill prescribed herein is
designed primarily for organizations and units of horse
cavalry. Some of the explanation is of a general nature
which gives sufficient latitude for adaptation to specific
organizations. Interpretation should be based on these
general provisions, and all should learn to use this manual
as a guide to a common-sense solution of minor points
which are not specifically covered in the text.
b. The diagrams of organization shown in the figures
herein are based on approved Tables of Organization and
Equipment. They may be adapted to changes in Tables
of Organization and Equipment, and to the maneuver
space available.
2. PURPOSES OF DRILL. The purposes of drill are
to —
a. Enable a commander to move his command from one
place to another in an orderly manner and to provide
simple formations from which dispositions for combat may
readily be assumed.
I
b. Aid in disciplinary training by instilling habits of
precision and response to the leader's orders.
c. Provide a means, through ceremonies, of enhancing
the morale of troops, developing the spirit of cohesion,
and giving interesting spectacles to the public.
d. Give junior officers and noncommissioned officers
practice in commanding troops.
SECTION II
COMMANDS
3. KINDS AND PURPOSE, a. There are two kinds of
commands — preparatory commands, such as forward,
which indicate the movement or formation that is desired;
and commands of execution, such as march, halt, or
arms, which cause such movement to be executed. At
times, a single command is used which both indicates the
movement and causes its execution, such as rally or
FOLLOW ME.
b. The purpose of commands is to transmit orally the
will of the leader in the control of the movement of his
unit with respect to direction of its march, formation, gait,
pace, or speed.
c. Drill and combat 'signals are for the purpose of
transmitting commands when the transmission will be
more simple and efficient than would be possible by use
of the voice. Drill and combat signals may be by whistle
or by arm and hand.
d. Subordinate commanders repeat signals or give ap-
propriate commands to their units whenever necessary to
insure prompt and correct execution.
e. To indicate danger or an air or mechanized attack,
use three long blasts of a whistle, vehicular horn, siren, or
klaxon repeated several times ; or three equally spaced
2
shots with riflle or pistol ; or three short bursts of fire
from machine gun or submachine gun. In daylight, the
individual giving the signal points in the direction of the
impending danger; at night, the alarm signal will be sup-
plemented by voice warning to indicate the direction of
danger.
4. MEANS OF TRANSMISSION, a. Commands may
be transmitted by any of the following methods :
(1) Voice.
(2) Visual signals.
(3) Example of the leader (speed or gait, and direction).
(4) Audible signals (whistle, bugle, horn).
(5) Radio, telephone, telegraph.
(6) Messengers and staff officers.
(7) Combination of any of the preceding methods.
(8) Example of the base element or subdivision.
b. Whatever the method used, it is considered equiva-
lent to an oral command.
5. METHOD OF GIVING COMMANDS, a. A prepar-
atory command should be given at such interval of time
before the command of execution as will allow its being
properly understood ; the command of execution should be
given at the instant the movement is to commence. When-
ever the preparatory command must be repeated by sub-
ordinate unit commanders the interval between commands
should be longer.
b. Commands must be given in such a manner that they
may be understood readily by those for whom they are
intended. The tone of the command should be animated,
distinct, and of a loudness apportioned to the number of
men affected. Preparatory commands are given with a
rising inflection. The command of execution for mounted
drill movements is slightly prolonged. At a halt, a person
giving an oral command or making a report habitually
faces the unit to which the command is given or the
3
person to whom the report is made. The staff of a com-
mander giving commands or making reports does not
conform to the temporary changes of front of the com-
mander but maintains its position.
c. Preparatory commands may be revoked by the com-
mand AS YOU WERE,
6. WHISTLE SIGNALS. A short blast of the whistle
may be used to attract the attention of subordinate leaders
or troops prior to giving arm and hand signals. Whistle
signals other than the three following are prohibited :
a. Attention. A short blast of the whistle.
b. Cease firing. A long blast of the whistle. This
should be confirmed at once by the appropriate arm and
hand signal or by other means.
c. Air or mechanized warning or other immediate
and grave danger. Three long blasts repeated several
times (see par. 3).
7. ARM AND HAND SIGNALS, a. Method of giving
signals. (1) Except when otherwise prescribed, arm
and hand signals normally are given with the right arm
and hand, although the left arm and hand may be used
when necessary.
(2) Signals must be plainly visible to those concerned
with their execution. To render any arm or hand signal
more visible, the headdress or handkerchief may be carried
in the hand during the execution of the signal. The flash-
light may be used at night when secrecy is not essential.
(3) Whenever the command for any movement consists
of a preparatory command and a command of execution,
both the preparatory signal and a signal of execution are
used. Preparatory arm and hand signals are started from
the position of the arm at the side. Signals of execution
are started from the position of the arm at the vertical
and fully extended, except where specifically provided
otherwise.
4
(4) Single signals are preferable to combinations of
signals and should be used whenever possible. When a
combination of signals is used, the signals should be recog-
nized easily and given in the order in which the commands
are worded ; for example, the signal for line of troop
columns should be the signal for line, followed by the
signal for troop, followed by the signal for column.
b. Signals for horse units. The following signals
are prescribed for movement of horse units:
(1) ACTION FRONT (RIGHT, LEFT, or REAR)
(execution). Thrust the closed fist several times in the
direction toward which it is desired to go into action.
(See fig. 1.)
(2) ARE YOU READY? or I AM READY (execu-
tion). Extend the arm toward the leader for whom the
signal is intended, hand raised, fingers extended and
joined, palm toward the leader. (See fig. 1.)
(3) AS FORAGERS (preparatory). Extend the arm
horizontally to the front, palm down, and move it rapidly
from left to right and from right to left in a horizontal
plane. (See fig. 1.)
(4) ASSEMBLE (preparatory). Raise the hand ver-
tically upward to the full extent of the arm, palm to the
front, fingers extended and joined, then with the arm
remaining straight, slowly describe small circles about the
head. (See fig. 1.)
(5) ATTENTION (execution). Extend the arm ver-
tically to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front,
and move the arm and hand slowly back and forth several
times, from right to left and from left to right, in a
vertical plane. (See fig. 1.)
(6) BRING UP THE LED HORSES (execution).
Extend both arms horizontally to the sides, palms of hands
up, and move the arms upward to form a circle with
fingers touching. Repeat several times until the signal is
understood. (See fig. 2.)
5
FIGHT ON FOOT
ACTION RIGHT
C FRONT, LEFT OR REAR)
ARE YOU READY
OR I AM READY
AS FORAGERS
ASSEMBLE
ATTENTION
Figure 1. Arm and hand signals.
BRING UP
THE LEO HORSES
BY THE RIGHT
CLEFT) FLANK
CHANGE oL,»
DIRECTION. N
COLUMN RIGHT (LEFT 5.
COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT).
RIGHT (LEFT) TURN
DECREASE THE GAIT
DISREGARD
Figure 2. Arm and hand signals.
(7) BY THE RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK (preparatory).
Extend the hand to the full extent of the arm horizontally
directly to the right (left). (See fig. 2.)
(8) CHANGE DIRECTION (preparatory). Extend
the arm horizontally, with the palm down, fully in the
direction of the marching flank and then make a wide
sweeping movement with the arm in a horizontal plane
toward the new direction and point in that direction.
(See fig. 2.)
(9) COLUMN (preparatory). Raise the arm vertically,
then drop the arm to the rear and describe circles in a
vertical plane with the arm fully extended. When not
followed by a modifying signal, such as platoons,
squads, twos, or troopers, column of fours is understood.
(See fig. 2.)
(10) COLUMN RIGHT (LEFT); COLUMN HALF
RIGHT (HALF LEFT) (preparatory). Same as
change direction. (See (8) above.)
(11) DECREASE THE GAIT (preparatory). Raise
the elbow to a position above and to the right (left) of
the shoulder and extend the forearm to the left (right),
hand above the head, palm to the front. Except when
the leader's example indicates otherwise, a decrease of
gait of 1° is understood. (See fig. 2.)
(12) DISREGARD. Place the hand against the back
at the height of the waist, back of the hand toward the
body. (See fig. 2.)
(13) FIGHT ON FOOT (execution). Strike repeated
blows straight from the shoulder with the closed fist in
the direction in which the action is desired. (See fig. 1.)
(14) FLOCK (preparatory). Extend the arm to the
side horizontally, fingers extended and joined, and de-
scribe small vertical circles with the arm and hand. (See
fig. 3.)
8
FLOCK
(15) FOLLOW ME (execution). Same as forward.
(See (16) below.)
(16) FORWARD (preparatory). Raise the hand ver-
tically to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front,
and lower the hand and arm in the direction of movement
until horizontal. (See fig. 3.)
(17) FOURS (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically
to the full extent of the arm, all fingers extended and
separated, thumb closed in the palm of the hand. (See
%. 3.)
(18) FOURS LEFT ABOUT (preparatory), fours,
followed by to the rear. Fours right about is not ex-
ecuted by signal. (See figs. 3 and 6.)
(19) FOURS RIGHT (LEFT) (preparatory), fours,
followed by by the right (left) flank. (See fig. 3.)
(20) HALT (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically
to the full extent of the arm. (Execution) Drop the arm
to the side. (See fig. 3.)
(21) INCREASE THE GAIT (preparatory). Carry
the hand to the shoulder, then rapidly thrust the hand
upward vertically to the full^extent of the arm and back
to the shoulder several times. Except when the leader's
example indicates otherwise, an increase in gait of 1° is
understood. (See fig. 4.)
(22) LINE (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically to
the full extent of the arm, fingers extended and joined,
and wave the arm well down alternately to the right and
left several times. (See fig. 4.)
(23) LINE OF PLATOON COLUMNS (preparatory).
Raise the arm as in signaling platoons and carry the
elbow several times from right to left across the body.
(See fig. 4.)
(24) MARCH (execution). Raise the hand vertically
to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front, fingers
extended and joined; make a very brief pause in this
position and drop the arm smartly to the side. (See
fig. 4.)
10
INCREASE THE GAIT
LINE
MASS OUT OF ACTION
Figure 4. Arm. and hand signals.
(25) MASS (preparatory). Extend the arm horizon-
tally, palm up, fingers extended and joined and, by flexing
the elbow, bring the tips of the fingers to the point of
the shoulder several times. (See fig. 4.)
(26) OUT OF ACTION (execution). Strike the closed
fist of one hand rapidly against the open palm of the
other hand several times. (See fig. 4.)
(27) PLATOONS (preparatory). Raise the elbow to
the height of the shoulder, fist closed, forearm vertical.
(See fig. 5.)
(28) PREPARE TO DISMOUNT (preparatory). Ex-
tend the arm diagonally upward to the side, palm down-
ward, fingers extended and joined, and wave the arm
downward several times. (See fig. 5.)
(29) PREPARE TO MOUNT OR. PACK (prepara-
tory). Extend the hand horizontally, palm up, fingers
extended and joined, and wave the arm upward several
times. (See fig. 5.)
(30) RALLY (execution). Raise the hand vertically to
the full extent of the arm, palm open, fingers extended and
joined. Then describe rapidly, with the arm, large, hori-
zontal circles about the head. (See fig. 5.)
(31) RIGHT (LEFT) TURN; RIGHT (LEFT)
HALF TURN (preparatory). Same as change direc-
tion. (See (8) above.)
(32) SQUADS (preparatory). Raise the hand, palm to
the inside, fingers extended and joined, vertically to the
full extent of the arm, and distinctly move the hand to
the right and left several times from the wrist, holding
the arm steady. (See fig. 5.)
(33) SECTIONS (preparatory). Raise the hand to the
full extent of the arm, fist closed. (See fig. 5.)
(34) TAKE COVER (execution). Turn toward the
element or group and raise the hand, palm down, in front
of the elbow, forearm horizontal ; thrust the hand down-
ward and back to this position. (See fig. 6.)
12
(35) TO THE REAR (preparatory). Turn and point
to the rear, arm horizontal. (See fig. 6.)
(36) TROOPERS (preparatory). Raise the hand ver-
tically to the full extent of the arm, first finger extended,
other fingers closed in the palm of the hand. (See -fig. 6.)
(37) TROOP (preparatory). Place the palm of the
hand against the back of the neck, back of the hand to
the rear. (See fig. 6.)
(38) TWOS (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically
to the full extent of the arm, first two fingers extended
and separated, other fingers closed in the palm of the
hand. (See fig. 6.)
e. Fire control signals. See FM 22-5.
d. Signals for information of hostile troops. The
following signals are prescribed for transmitting informa-
tion of hostile troops :
(1) ENEMY IN SIGHT IN SMALL NUMBERS.
Hold the rifle (or other small arm) horizontally above
the head with the arms extended as if guarding the head.
(See fig. 6.)
(2) ENEMY IN SIGHT IN LARGE NUMBERS.
Hold the weapon as described for enemy in sight in
small numbers ((1) above), and lower and raise it
several times by flexing the arms at the elbow. (See
fig. 6.)
(3) HOSTILE AIRCRAFT. Remove headdress and
extend arm upward and pointing toward approaching air-
craft. (See fig. 7.)
(4) HOSTILE MECHANIZED FORCES. Remove
headdress and wave through a vertical arc as in the
signal for line. (See fig. 7.)
e. Those signals most commonly used in horse cavalry-
units are described in a to d, inclusive, above. For addi-
tional details and signals used in dismounted action, see
FM 22-5.
14
Figure 6. Arm and hand signals.
HOSTILE AIRCRAFT
HOSTILE MECHANIZED UNITS
Figure 7. Arm and hand signals.
16
CHAPTER 2
DRILL
SECTION I
GENERAL RULES AND
FUNDAMENTALS
8. GENERAL. Cavalry drills are dismounted and
mounted: Dismounted drill for cavalry is as prescribed
in FM 22-5 with the modifications made necessary by
differences in unit designations, organization, and equip-
ment. This chapter deals solely with mounted drill.
9. EXPLANATION OF MOVEMENTS, a. In most cases
movements are explained to the right, left, front, and
rear, as appropriate. Where a movement is described in
only one direction, it is to be executed in that direction
only.
b. The platoon is the largest unit that has an extended
order drill by fixed commands. For the troop, extended
order movements are executed by orders of the troop
commander given under real or assumed tactical situations.
These movements must conform to the terrain as it actually
exists and to the tactical situation.
17
10. FORMATIONS. Subordinate elements may be ar-
ranged with regard to one another in line, column, or
echelon. Line and column formations are applicable to
both cloffe and extended order. Echelon formations are
gained by specific instructions describing the formation
desired. Echelon normally is used only for extended
order. Units are referred to by their position as leading,
center, or rear in column; and right, center, or left in line.
11. INTERVALS AND DISTANCES IN CLOSE ORDER.
a. The interval between troopers is 6 inches from knee
to knee.
b. The distance between troopers in column is 4 feet
from head to croup.
12. BASE. a. In column and echelon formations, the
base element or subdivision is the one which is leading.
In line formations, the base normally is the center element
or subdivision. However, the commander may designate
any element as the base of a line formation.
b. The commander of each unit is its leader. He
marches in the direction and at the gait or pace desired,
followed at the prescribed distance by the base. He may
go where his presence is necessary or desirable, leaving
the guidance of the base to a subordinate.
13. METHODS OF ASSUMING LINE AND COLUMN
FORMATIONS, a. Line. Line formations are gained
from any column formation by a fan-shaped deployment.
Line is formed by the successive arrival of elements
abreast' of the base. Except in the squad, and when
specifically provided otherwise in this manual, the second
dement or subdivision in column moves up on the left
of the base, the third element or subdivision moves up on
the right of the base, and so on, alternately. When line
is to be formed facing in any direction other than the
T8
direction of march, and the order of fours in squads,
squads in platoons, and platoons in troops is to be re-
tained, the head of the column should be turned in the
new direction before the deployment is ordered. Sub-
ordinate elements move by the most direct route and re-
main in column formation until they arrive close to their
new positions. Line may be formed from column of fours
or column of fours from line by wheeling by fours.
b. Column. Column formations are formed from any
line formation by successive movements of elements to
their proper positions in rear of the base, the latter moving
in the indicated direction. Except in the squad and when
otherwise specifically provided, the base is followed alter-
nately by the elements or subdivisions on its left and
right. Subordinate elements initiate their movement by
forming column and moving by the most direct routes to
their new positions.
14. CHANGE OF DIRECTION. To change direction,
the leader of the base element turns in the new direction
on the arc of a circle followed by the base. If the unit
is in line, other elements regulate on the base. If the
unit is in column, elements in rear of the base change
direction successively in the same manner and on the same
ground as the base.
a. Horse elements. The leader of the base element
conducts the element at the gait of march so that the
pivot moves on the arc of a circle with a radius of 2
yards at the walk, 4 yards at the trot, or 6 yards at the
gallop.
b. Mechanized or motorized elements in horse
cavalry units. The leader of the base element conducts
the element at the rate of march so that the pivot moves
on the arc of a circle with a radius of 15 yards. Drivers
regulate their speed to keep their vehicles on line with
the guide.
19
15. GAITS, a. In movements from the halt or when
marching at the walk, if the gait is not specified in the
command, the base unit takes or maintains the walk.
b. Line is formed to the front from column by increas-
ing the gait of the rear elements 1° without command or
by indicating a gait for them. The head of the column
preserves the gait of the march. When the formation
must be hastened or executed in a restricted space, the
commander may cause the leading element to diminish
its gait or to halt according to the object in view. When
an increased gait is indicated in the preparatory command
or during the execution of the movement, it applies only
to those elements which have not completed the movement.
If a decrease in gait is ordered, it applies to the base and
those elements which have completed the movement.
C. Column is formed to the front from line, on the base
element at the gait of march, or at the gait ordered. The
other elements take or maintain the next slower gait or
halt until they can take their places in column.
d. In all other movements, if the elements have equal
distances to go, they move at the gait of march or that
indicated in the command. If the distances are not equal,
the base element maintains the gait of march or takes that
of the leader; the other elements take a correspondingly
slower or faster gait, and on arriving at their places take
the gait of the base element. The leader of the base ele-
ment regulates its gait so as to facilitate the formation or
to attain the object in view.
20
SECTION II
MANUAL OF ARMS FOR
THE RIFLE, MOUNTED
16. TO STAND TO HORSE. At stand to horse, the
rifle is held on the left side of the trooper in a position
corresponding to order arms.
17. TO MOUNT. In mounting, the trooper with the
rifle at the left trail steps back to position opposite the
horse's left shoulder and, before taking both reins in his
hand, inserts the rifle into the scabbard.
18. TO DISMOUNT. On dismounting, the trooper,
after placing the bight of the reins on the horse's neck
and before stepping forward to take the position of stand
to horse, takes the rifle from the scabbard, assumes the
left trail, and then takes the position of stand to horse.
19. TO FIGHT OR FORM ON FOOT. In executing
fight on foot or form on foot, the trooper first secures
his horse, then takes the rifle from the scabbard. Rapidity
of going into action and opening fire is a primary con-
sideration.
20. TO LEAD OUT. When the trooper leads his horse
for short distances, the rifle is carried at the left trail.
21
SECTION III
RIFLE SQUAD, RIFLE TROOP
21. ORGANIZATION. The rifle squad normally con-
sists of a corporal and seven privates. The privates in-
clude a second-in-command and two scouts.
22. SQUAD LEADER, a. When the squad is acting
alone, or when for any other reason it becomes desirable,
the leader takes position in front of his squad and desig-
nates a guide in the rank, who follows the leader at 3
yards.
b. When the squad is in a platoon, the squad leader
is in ranks and normally is the guide of the squad. If
the execution of exceptional movements places the squad
leader out of his normal position, he exercises command
from his temporary position until his normal position is
Man mounted
Man dismounted
Intelligence scout mounted
Intelligence scout dismounted
NCO mounted (rank indicated)'
NCO dismounted (rank indicated)
Officer mounted (rank indicated)
Officer dismounted (rank indicated)
Led or pack horse
Figure 8. Symbols for figures on drill diagrams.
regained.
0
□
6
22
23. FORMATIONS. The formations of the squad in
close and extended order are —
a. Line. Line is a close order formation in which all
members of the squad are abreast of each other with an
interval of 6 inches between knees. (See fig. 9.)
b. Column of fours. Column of fours is a close
order formation in which the troopers in each set of fours
are arranged as in line, but one set of fours is directly
in rear of the other. Normally, the corporal's set of fours
is in front. The distance between sets of fours is 4 feet
from head to croup when mounted, and 92 inches between
troopers when dismounted. (See fig. 10.)
C. Column of twos. Column of twos is a close order
formation in which Nos. 1 and 2 of each set of fours
normally are in front, followed by Nos. 3 and 4. The
distance between sets of twos is 4 feet from head to
croup. (See fig. 10.)
d. Column of troopers. Column of troopers is a close
order formation in which the troopers of each four nor-
mally are in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, from head to rear. The
distance between troopers is 4 feet from head to croup.
e. Extension in depth. Extension in depth is an ex-
tended order formation in which the fours, twos, or
troopers follow one another at the distance indicated in
the command.
f. Line of half-squad columns. Line of half-squad
columns is an extended order formation in which the sets
of fours are abreast of each other with each four in column
of troopers. Unless directed otherwise in the command,
the interval between columns is 25 yards.
g. Flock. Flock is an extended order formation in
which the troopers are dispersed irregularly with intervals
and distances of not less than 10 nor more than 20 yards
between troopers. Those of the squad leader's four are
to his left and rear, those of the other four, to his right
and rear. (See fig. 9.)
23
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LINE
8
2 8
o o Q
4 3 3
2
■0
4'
FLOCK
Figure 9. Squad formations.
h. Foragers. Foragers is an extended order forma-
tion in which the troopers have the same relative positions
as in line, with increased intervals between troopers, with
individuals staggered from 5 to "10 yards apart. The
interval between foragers is 5 yards unless a different
interval is specified in the command.
i. Squad column. Squad column is an extended order
formation in column of troopers staggered from 5 to 10
yards apart. In this formation the second in command
is in the rear.
24. GUIDE. In line formations, the guide habitually is
center and the troopers regulate on the squad leader or
other trooper designated as the guide. In column forma-
tions, the guide habitually is right. In approach forma-
tions, the guide is on the squad leader.
24
25. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS. In the squad,
any formation in either close or extended order can be
taken directly from any close order formation. Being in
extended order, the squad must assemble or rally prior
to executing movements in close order.
26. TO FORM THE SQUAD, a. To form the squad
in line, the leader acts as the base of the formation and
takes position where the center of the squad is to rest
and, facing in the required direction, commands : LEAD-
INTO LINE.
(1) The troopers lead out so as to' approach the line
successively directly from the rear and form in single
rank on the leader, four troopers on his right and three on
his left. The troopers form at stand to horse with
intervals of 18 inches between horses. The line being
thus formed, the leader verifies the presence of the men
or calls the roll, and commands: COUNT FOURS.
(2) When there is an incomplete four, the leader cautions
the troopers in it as to the numbers assigned them. The
four to which the leader belongs is completed first, and
the other four becomes the incomplete four. If but five
men all told remain in a squad, three men form a four
with the leader and the fifth man acts as a four by him-
self or, if the squad is in the platoon, the fifth man is
assigned to the line of file closers or to another squad
by his platoon commander.
b. (1) The formation in column of fours, twos, or
troopers is similarly executed. The leader commands :
LEAD INTO COLUMN OF FOURS (COLUMN OF
TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The leader is
No. 1 of the leading four or smaller element. The ele-
ments of the column form in order from front to rear,
with distance of 4 feet between successive fours, twos, or
troopers. In column of fours or twos, each four or two
forms on its right trooper.
25
(2) The squad may form in similar manner after the
troopers mount. In this case, the leader causes the troop-
ers to mount individually after saddling and commands :
RIDE INTO LINE (COLUMN OF FOURS, COL-
UMN OF TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The
interval between mounted troopers is 6 inches from knee
to knee.
27. TO MOUNT.. The commands are: 1. prepare to
mount, 2. MOUNT.
a. Being in line, at the first command the odd numbers
lead out 4 yards directly to the front, then all take the
position of prepare to mount, and at the second com-
mand mount in unison. (See FM 25—5). To reform the
rank, the command form rank is given, at which the
even numbers move up into the intervals and halt.
b. Being in column of fours or twos, at the first com-
mand the troopers open out fanwise from the center suffi-
ciently to permit mounting without interference and all
take the position of prepare to mount. At the second
command, all mount in unison and close to normal inter-
vals without command. In column, if precision is not
desired, the preparatory command may be omitted and
the squad mounted by the command mount.
28. TO DISMOUNT. The commands are: 1. prepare
to dismount, 2. DISMOUNT.
a. Being in line, at the first command the odd numbers
ride 4 yards directly to the front and halt. All then take
the position of prepare to dismount, and at the second
command, dismount and take the position of stand to
Horse. (See FM 25-5.) To reform the rank, the com-
mand is: FORM RANK, at which the even numbers
lead up into the intervals and halt.
b. Being in column of fours or twos, at the first com-
mand, the troopers open out fanwise from the center to
permit dismounting without interference, and all take the
26
position of prepare to dismount. At the second com-
mand, all dismount but intervals are not closed. In col-
umn, if precision is not desired, the preparatory command
may be omitted and the squad dismounted by the com-
mand DISMOUNT.
29. ALIGNMENTS, a. When marching, troopers habit-
ually align themselves on the guide, giving way to pres-
sure from the side of the guide and resisting pressure from
the side away from the guide. They glance occasionally
toward the guide and keep their horses at an even gait,
making adjustments of intervals and distances gradually
and smoothly.
b. In coming to the halt, troopers habitually align them-
selves on the guide without command and look to the
front as soon as aligned. If necessary, the command
dress may be given.
C. In recruit instruction and for ceremonies, the line
may be accurately dressed by establishing the position of
two troopers on the right flank a little ahead of the line
and commanding right dress. Troopers then move up
on the line in order from right to left at successive repeti-
tions of the command next, turning their heads and eyes
to the right. When troopers have become proficient in
aligning themselves, the use of the command next may
be omitted. When all are aligned properly, the commands
1. ready, 2. FRONT, are given. At the command
front, all troopers look to the front, resuming the posi-
tion of attention.
30. TO PALL OUT OR DISMISS THE SQUAD, a. At
the command fall out, the men break ranks and remain
in the immediate vicinity or proceed to perform a speci-
fied duty.
b. At the command dismissed, the men are released.
If under arms, the arms are inspected prior to dismissal
of the squad.
27
31. AT EASE, REST, AND ROUTE ORDER, a. At the
command at ease, troopers are required to preserve
silence and maintain their relative positions in ranks. They
are permitted minor informalities of movement but, when
mounted, are not permitted to slouch in their saddles.
b. At the command rest, the provisions of a above
apply, and, in addition, troops are allowed to talk.
c. The command route order, given while marching,
corresponds to rest at the halt.
32. BEING AT A HALT, TO MARCH TO THE FRONT.
The commands are : 1. forward, 2. march. The squad
moves forward, conforming to the march of the guide.
To trot or gallop from the halt, the appropriate word is
added to the first command. To trot or gallop from the
halt the commands are : 1. trot, 2. MARCH; 1. gallop,
2. MARCH. Except under unusual circumstances, gaits
are changed only 1 0 at a time.
33. TO HALT. The commands are: 1. squad, 2.
HALT. All halt at the second command. The troopers,
if not already aligned, align themselves without command
on the guide as .they halt. Movement in the rank then
ceases.
34. TO MARCH BACKWARD. The commands are : 1.
backward, 2. MARCH. The squad reins back until the
command 1. squad, 2. HALT, is given. This movement
is executed slowly and for short distances only.
35. TO OBLIQUE BY TROOPERS. The commands are :
1. troopers, right (left), oblique, 2. MARCH. The
troopers execute individually a half turn to the right (or
left) and then march at an angle of 45° to the original
direction, each trooper's right knee in rear of the left
knee of the trooper on his right. The squad moves in
28
the new direction regulating on the right trooper, the
front parallel to the original frdht. If in column, the
right troopers regulate from head to rear. Halting the
mounted squad while at the oblique should be avoided. If
necessary to halt the squad thus, the troopers, upon halt-
ing, turn their horses to the original front. The original
direction is resumed by similar means at the commands 1.
forward, 2. MARCH.
36. TO FOLLOW THE CORPORAL Being assembled
or deployed, to march the squad without unnecessary com-
mands, the corporal or leader places himself in front of
it, designates a guide, and commands : FOLLOW ME.
The guide follows the leader at about 3 yards ; the other
men conform to the movements of the guide, maintaining
their relative positions in the squad in any formation
ordered by the leader.
37. BEING IN LINE. TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS.
The commands are: 1. column of fours, 2. MARCH.
The leader's four moves straight to the front at the gait
of march or the gait ordered. The other four makes a
partial wheel, decreasing the pace until the leading four
has partially cleared when, by a movement approximating
an oblique, it enters the column so as to follow in the trace
of the leading four at 4 feet distance.
38. BEING IN LINE OR IN COLUMN OF FOURS. TO
FORM COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS. The com
mands are : 1. column of twos (troopers), 2. MARCH.
a. Nos. 1 and 2 of the base four move to the front at
the gait of march or the gait ordered. Nos. 3 and 4 of
that four keep their horses straight at the next slower gait
until their horses' heads are passed by the croups of the
horses of the right two, when they oblique to the right and
follow the leading two at 4 feet distance. Nos. 1 and 2
29
of the second four move to the front in the same manner
in time to take place in 'column and follow in the trace of
the preceding two. Nos. 3 and 4 of the second four
move forward in time to follow the right two of that four
at 4 feet distance. (See fig. 10.)
b. column of troopers is formed by similar methods
from line, column of fours, or column of twos.
39. BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO FORM LINE.
The commands are: 1. line, 2. MARCH. The leading
four marches straight to the front at the gait of march or
the gait ordered. The rear four obliques to the right (or
left if the squad leader be in that four) by trooper at an
increased gait. When opposite its place in line, it marches
to the front and on arriving abreast of the leading four
takes the gait of the guide. (See fig, 10.)
40. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS (OR TROOPERS),
TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS. The commands are:
1. column of fours, 2. MARCH. The leading two
march straight to the front at the gait of march or the
gait ordered. Nos. 3 and 4 oblique to the left until un-
covered and then march up at an increased gait until
abreast of Nos. 1 and 2. The twos of the succeeding four
march forward at the increased gait and form fours as
explained for the first four. The column of troopers
forms column of fours by similar methods.
41. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS (OR TROOPERS).
TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. line, 2.
MARCH. The twos, or troopers, of the first four move
up at an increased gait and form a four as prescribed for
forming fours. The elements of the second four likewise
move up and form a four in its proper place on the line.
42. TO WHEEL BY FOURS. The commands are: 1.
fours right (left), 2. MARCH. The fours move
30
CD*
CZ>u
/ZfxS I. LINE "W'C C5>-
UM 2. MARCH Y"--0-,. " -t=>*-
I. COLUMN OF TWOS
, 2. MARCH
i\ !\ l\ '\
■ > \ ' > \
\i 1 \ ^
(.COLUMN OF FOURS
I pvi^"\\ 2. MARCH C\
IB 4)
! | / / / /. LINK IN COUPLES
1 1 : .'
/:// / ,..o ,.-o
]' i'' / / .-CZ>-''' .-CD-
/ ./ -'' .<cs>'' / x=>
0(M/
dddd o d d d d d d
1. LINE |. FOURS RIGHT
2. MARCH 2. MARCH
Figure 10. Line, column of fours, column of twos, line; fours
right and link in couples.
31
simultaneously, each wheeling 90° to the right or left
as ordered on a moving pivot. In each four, the trooper
on the marching flank moves at the gait of march or the
ordered gait and, while keeping touch toward the pivot,
is the guide during the movement. The pivot trooper,
conforming to the movement of the marching flank, turns
his horse to the right on the arc of a circle with radius
of 1 yard for all gaits except the gallop. At the gallop,
this radius is 3 yards. The other troopers keep touch
toward the pivot while dressing on the marching flank.
Upon completion of the wheel, all fours move forward
at the ordered gait, dress normally, and maintain a dis-
tance of 4 feet between fours.
43. TO WHEEL ABOUT BY FOURS. The commands
are: 1. fours right (left) about, 2. MARCH.
Each four wheels 180°, and upon completion of the move-
ment the fours move forward in the new direction dressing
on the leader of the squad when in line or the guide of
the four when in column.
44. BEING IN LINE. TO CHANGE DIRECTION. To
change direction 90°, the commands are: 1. right
(left) turn, 2. MARCH.
a. The leader turns on the arc of a circle so that the
pivot trooper will turn on the arc of a circle with a radius
of 2 yards at a walk, 4 yards at a trot, or 6 yards at a
gallop, and moves at a rate which will permit the marching
flank to preserve the alignment. Troopers remain closed
and aligned on the leader or guide if the leader is in front,
increasing or diminishing their pace or gait accordingly.
The leader indicates the direction to be taken on com-
pletion of the turn.
b. A partial change of direction is made without com-
mands. The leader moves in the new direction, and the
troopers remain closed and lined on the guide. On com-
pleting the change, the leader indicates the new direction.
32
45. BEING IN COLUMN, TO CHANGE DIRECTION.
The commands are: 1. column right (left), 2.
MARCH.
a. The leading element executes right (left turn)
as ordered through a change of direction of 90°. The
succeeding elements move forward and turn on the same
ground as the leading element.
b. column half right (left) is similarly executed
by a change of direction of 45°. column right (left)
about is executed by a change of direction of 180°. To
make a slight change of direction, incline to the right
(left).
C. Being in line, to wheel by fours into column and
change direction at the same time: 1. fours right
(left), 2. column right, 3. MARCH.
46. TO EXTEND THE SQUAD IN DEPTH. The com-
mands are: 1. column of fours (twos or troopers),
2. at (so many) yards, 3. MARCH. The leader may
indicate the point where the squad is to be reassembled.
The fours (twos, troopers) move out successively in the
order prescribed for a column.
47. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM LINE OR
HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS. The commands are: 1.
line of half-squad columns, 2. MARCH. Each
four forms column of troopers staggered from 5 to 10
yards apart. The base four moves forward at the gait
of march or the gait ordered, and the other four moves
by the shortest route at an increased gait to a position
25 yards to the right of the base four.
48. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM FLOCK.
The commands are: 1. FLOCK, 2. MARCH. The
leader moves forward at the gait of march or at the gait
ordered. All troopers move at an increased gait and by
the shortest route to their positions. (See par. 23g.)
33
The leader, from a position in advance of the center of
the squad, leads and controls the flock. (See fig. 9.)
49. BEING IN ANY FORMATION. TO FORM AS
FORAGERS. The commands are: 1. as foragers, 2.
MARCH. The guide moves forward at the gait of march
or the gait ordered. The remaining troopers move at an
increased gait by the most direct route to their proper
positions abreast of the guide. (See fig. 11.)
50. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS.
IN FLOCK. OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO THE
FRONT. HALT, OR CHANGE DIRECTION. The squad
marches to the front, halts, changes gait, and changes
direction by the same commands prescribed for the squad
in line.
51. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS,
IN FLOCK. OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO A
FLANK. The commands are : 1. by the right (left)
flank, 2. MARCH. Each trooper turns 90° to the right
or left as ordered and marches in the new direction.
52. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS.
IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO THE
REAR. The commands are: 1. troopers left about,
2. MARCH. Each trooper executes an about to the left.
To march again to the front, the same command is given.
53. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS.
IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS. TO ASSEMBLE. T h e
commands are: 1. assemle, 2. MARCH. The leader,
faced in the desired direction, moves forward at the de-
sired gait, or halts. The other troopers close in upon
the leader at an increased gait and form line in their
normal positions. The assembly may be made in column
34
by indicating the desired formation to the troopers as
they start to assemble.
54. BEING IN ANY FORMATION OR IN DISORDER.
TO RALLY. The command is: RALLY. The leader
takes position at any point or moves in any desired direc-
tion and at any gait that will permit the movement to be
executed. The troopers ride rapidly toward the leader
and form line in any order on his right and left. If the
leader so desires, he places himself in front of his squad,
designating a guide to follow him. The squad being
rallied, promptly counts fours.
55. TO ATTACK MOUNTED. The squad normally at-
tacks in line of foragers but may attack in any formation.
To launch the squad in an attack, the squad leader
commands: 1. as foragers (or other formation),
2. pistol attack, 3. FOLLOW ME, and rides in the
desired direction. The troopers come to raise pistol and
gain the desired formation at the gallop, conforming to
the movements of the squad leader. See paragraph 23 for
intervals. If a different interval than 5 yards is desired it is
indicated by: 1. as foragers, ten (or other) yards.
56. TO CHARGE. The command is : CHARGE. This
command usually is given at a point about 60 yards from
the objective, after the leader has been absorbed in the
rank in line formations. At the command charge,
troopers shorten their reins, lean well forward, and ride
at full speed toward the enemy. Each trooper selects a
victim in his immediate front and bears down on him
with his pistol extended at arm's length, withholding fire
until within 25 yards. Any troopers who fall behind or
whose fire is masked, take the position of raise pistol.
On completion of the charge, the squad is rallied or
assembled.
35
57. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. If in close order, the
squad normally is formed in column of fours, after which
the commands are: 1. fight on foot, 2. ACTION
RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR.) (See fig. 11.)
(1) At the first command, all the troopers open out as
in prepare to dismount, and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 dismount
and take their rifles from the scabbards; Nos. 2 and 4
pass their snaffle reins over their horses' heads, face about,
and give them to No. 3 who holds them at such length
that he can best control the horses ; No. 1 disengages the
link snap, faces toward the rear, seizes the halter ring of
No. 2's horse with his right hand, pulls his horse's head
inward and with the left hand, back up, engages the snap
in the halter ring; the reins of No. 1 and the curb bit
reins of Nos. 2 and 4 are placed behind the pommel and
the left stirrup is crossed over the reins in front of the
pommel. In the absence of the link strap, the horses may
be fastened together by passing the snaffle reins through
the halter ring and tying them in a slipknot so that the
horses' heads will be about 2 feet apart.
(2) At the second command, the dismounted troopers
form facing to the front, in column of troopers, 1 yard
to the front of their horses' heads and 5 yards to the right
(left) of the column of horses in the order shown in
figure 11.
b. If in extended order, each set of fours assembles on
its horseholder before dismounting.
C. In emergencies, a dismounted line of skirmishers
may be formed facing in any direction, without waiting
for the normal column first to be formed, by the com-
mands: 1. fight on foot, 2. AS SKIRMISHERS TO
THE RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR). In such case,
the leader, on dismounting, runs to the position where he
desires the center of the line of skirmishers to rest and in-
dicates, by signals and voice the exact direction the line is
to face. The troopers form as skirmishers on the right
36
Q Q Q ; p ,P D ..P
\\ \ ! / // /'' '
1. AS FORAGERS
2. MARCH
ES3i
[32
CD 2'
□4
□4'
1. FIGHT ON FOOT ni'
2. ACTION RIGHT
UP, 1p,P.o.P
I. AS FORAGERS
Z MARCH
Figure 11. As foragers and to fight on foot.
and left of the leader at intervals of 5 yards unless other-
wise indicated.
d. One-half of the squad may be dismounted by the
commands: 1. nos. 1 and 3 (or nos. 2 and 4), 2. DIS-
MOUNT, 3. ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT,
REAR). The numbers dismounting pass the snaffle reins
to those remaining mounted.
e. The led horses are disposed of in accordance with
instructions.
58. TO LINK IN COUPLES. The squad being mounted
in any formation, the leader commands : LINK IN
COUPLES.
a. All halt, if marching, and the troopers open out if
in column, or odd numbers ride forward if in line, as
to dismount ; each odd-numbered trooper then turns to the
left about so as to face the trooper with whom he is to
couple, No. 1 with No. 2, No. 3 with No. 4. All dis-
mount, place the reins behind the pommel, and the left
stirrup over the reins in front of the pommel. The odd-
numbered troopers lead their horses along the right
side of the horses of the corresponding even-numbered
troopers. Each trooper pulls the link back through the
left snaffle ring. Each horse is secured by linking or by
tying the snaffle reins, if there be no link strap, to the
cantle ring of the saddle on the other horse.
b. A noncommissioned officer or trooper out of ranks
or a trooper of an incomplete two fastens his horse to
either horse of the nearest couple. A trooper usually is
left in charge of the horses.
59. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be ac-
complished by the following methods :
a. Horses may be linked in couples.
b. All horses of one squad may be linked in a circle
and left to the care of one horseholder.
38
e. One horseholder may hold the reins of all the horses
of the squad.
60. BEING DISMOUNTED TO FIGHT ON FOOT,
TO MOUNT. The leader assembles his squad and
marches it to the vicinity of the led horses, or he has
the led horses brought up to the squad. He may com-
mand : STAND TO HORSE. The troopers unlink and
take the position of stand to horse and the squad may
then be mounted when desired. If the leader commands
MOUNT, the troopers move rapidly but quietly to their
horses and, without noise or excitement, unlink and
mount.
SECTION IV
RIFLE PLATOON
61. ORGANIZATION. The rifle platoon normally con-
sists of three squads and a platoon headquarters consist-
ing of the platoon leader (lieutenant), platoon sergeant,
file closer sergeant, two intelligence scouts who also act
as messengers, and three basic privates for replacement
of casualties. (See current T/O 2-17.) Since mounts
are not provided for basic privates, they are not included
in the mounted formations discussed in the succeeding
paragraphs.
62. PLATOON HEADQUARTERS, a. The platoon leader
normally regulates the direction and gait of march by
leading the platoon. If for. any reason it is desirable for
him to go elsewhere, he directs a subordinate to conduct
the base.
b. In close order formations, the posts of the platoon
leader and platoon headquarters are prescribed under each
formation.
39
C. In extended order formations and when marching at
route order, the platoon leader, normally accompanied by
the platoon sergeant and two intelligence scouts, is 3 yards
in front of the guide of the base element. Distance is
measured from the rear of those accompanying the platoon
leader to the leading element. The file closer sergeant is
3 yards in rear of the center or rear element.
63. FORMATIONS. The formations of the platoon in
close and extended order are—
a. Line. This is a close order formation in which the
squads in line are abreast of each other with the same inter-
val between squads as between troopers. The platoon leader
normally is 3 yards in front of the guide. The platoon
sergeant is 3 yards in rear of the center squad, the file
closer sergeant is 3 yards in rear of the right squad, and
the intelligence scouts are one each 3 yards in rear of
the left, and center squads, respectively. (See fig. 12.)
b. Column of fours, twos, troopers. These are
close order formations which correspond to the same for-
mations in the squad. The squads are in column with
the normal distance of 4 feet from head to croup between
all elements. The platoon leader normally is 4 feet in
front of the guide. The remainder of platoon headquar-
ters follows the rear squad at 4 feet distance. (See fig.
12.)
c. Extension in depth. This is an extended order
formation in which the squads follow one another at the
distance prescribed in the command. The squads may
be in any prescribed formation.
d. Lateral extensions. These are extended order
formations in which the squads are abreast of each other
with intervals of 50 yards unless otherwise ordered. The
squads may be in any prescribed formation. Variations
of this formation may be effected by causing the base
squad to change its formation ; other squad leaders change
40
o o
1. COLUMN RIGHT
2. MARCH
0000
f\-^
OOO6OOO0OOO6O0O6oOO^OO0
I. COLUMN OF FOURS
2. MARCH
1/
\
\
0008/
\000d
OOOl
1. LINE
2. MARCH
<□<□<•]
<□ <□ <n
Figure 12. Line, column of fours, and column right.
41
the formation of their squads to conform to that of the
base squad.
e. Foragers. This is an extended order formation in
which the squads, each deployed as foragers, are abreast
of each other with the same intervals between squads as
between troopers.
64. THE GUIDE. When the platoon is in line in close
order, all troopers in the rank regulate on the guide of
the platoon (guide of base squad). In all line formations
in extended order the troopers in each squad regulate on
their squad leader who in turn regulates on the base. In
column formations, the guide habitually is right.
65. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS, a. In the platoon,
any formation can be taken directly from any other.
b. Squad leaders conduct their squads by the shortest
and most direct routes to their positions in the new for-
mation.
C. Column of fours, twos, or troopers habitually is
formed on the base squad which moves forward first.
d. Line habitually is formed by a fan-shaped deploy-
ment on the leading element.
e. When line is to be formed in a direction oblique to
the direction of movement, the head of the column may
be turned in the new direction before the deployment is
ordered.
f. Where the change of direction is 90° or more, and
there is not time or room for changing the direction of
march of the head of the column and executing a fan-
shaped deployment, line may be formed by wheeling by
fours.
g. When a platoon is marching in line and an obstacle
is met that interferes with the advance of only a few
troopers, they open out or fall back, without command and
resume their places after passing it. In the same way,
42
if the obstacle is sufficiently large, a squad leader may
hold his squad back to follow after the platoon or he may
lead his squad around the obstacle.
66. SQUAD MOVEMENTS APPLICABLE. The platoon
executes the following movements by the same commands
as are prescribed for the squad, substituting the word
"platoon" for "squad" when necessary:
Mounts, dismounts, and is aligned.
Marches forward, backward, and to the oblique.
Executes changes of direction.
Wheels by fours.
Forms column of fours from column of twos or
troopers.
Forms column of twos or troopers from column
of fours.
Forms line of half-squad columns.
Changes gaits, halts, rests, and is dismissed.
Links in couples.
Advances by covered routes, by rushes, or by in-
filtration.
67. TO FORM THE PLATOON, a. Normally, the pla-
toon is formed in line. It may be formed in column if
desired. Squads are formed as prescribed and in such
a place and manner that they will be combined in the
desired platoon formation in the order of their permanent
designations or as indicated by the platoon sergeant. In
garrison, the platoon is formed dismounted by the platoon
sergeant and, after verification, is marched to the stables.
If alone, it is marched by the platoon sergeant ; if in the
troop, the troop is marched by the first sergeant with
the platoon sergeants in command of their platoons.
When the platoon has reached the stables, the platoon
sergeant commands : SADDLE AND LEAD OUT. The
43
platoon is reformed as soon as the horses are saddled
and led out of the stables.
b. The platoon sergeant, facing the position where he
wishes the platoon to form, commands: FORM PLA-
TOON. The squad leader of the base squad stations
himself at stand to horse, 6 yards from the platoon
sergeant and facing him, and cautions his men, "lead into
line." The other squad leaders similarly form their
squads on the left and right of the base squad. All
squads count fours.
c. If the platoon sergeant desires the platoon to form in
column, he commands: FORM PLATOON IN COL-
UMN OF FOURS (TWOS, OR TROOPERS). The
platoon forms column on the base squad. The other
squads form in column behind the base squad.
d. If the platoon sergeant desires to form the platoon
in any special order, he indicates the relative order after
giving his command.
e. If, after dividing the platoon into squads of eight
men each, there are less than four men and more than
one man remaining over, they are all assigned to one
squad as an additional and incomplete four. If one man
remains over, he is assigned as an extra file closer. If
four or more men remain over, another squad is formed
according to the principles for forming squads, as pre-
scribed in section III.
f. If the permanent squad formation has been kept, but
there are absentees from more than one squad thus making
several incomplete fours, it is better to assign the men of
the incomplete fours to fill vacancies in squads so as to
leave not more than one incomplete four in the platoon.
If there is but one man available for the incomplete four,
he should be assigned as an extra file closer ; no more than
one extra file closer should be permitted.
g. After the squads have formed in the platoon, the
squad leaders verify the presence of their men (if verifica-
44
tion has not been previously made), and the platoon
sergeant commands: REPORT. Each squad leader in
turn, commencing on the right, salutes (except when at
stand to horse) and reports, "(Such) squad present,"
or "(So-and-so) absent." If dismounted and armed with
rifles, the squad leaders remain at the order arms while
reporting. If no verification is required or if it has been
made previously, the squad leaders do not report. After
squads are formed and necessary adjustments made, the
platoon sergeant faces about, salutes, and reports to the
platoon leader (or first sergeant, when the platoon is
formed as a part of the troop), "Sir, the platoon is pres-
ent or accounted for," or "Sir, (so-and-so) absent." He
then takes his post at the trot.
68. BEING IN LINE. TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS,
TWOS, OR TROOPERS. The platoon leader places him-
self 3 yards in front of the guide of the base squad or
indicates the base squad by voice and commands: 1.
COLUMN OF FOURS (TWOS, TROOPERS), 2. MARCH.
The base squad forms column of fours to the front and
follows the platoon leader. Each of the other squads
forms column of fours to the front in time to take its
place in column by the shortest route, at the ordered gait
of march, and without loss of distance. The order of
the squads in column- is as follows: Base squad, next
squad on the left of base squad in line, next squad on the
right of base squad in line. (See Figs. 12 and 13.)
69. BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TWOS. OR
TROOPERS, TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1.
line, 2. MARCH.
a. The leading squad forms line and follows the platoon
leader, its guide or squad leader following in the trace of
the platoon commander at 3 yards distance.
b. The second squad is conducted by its leader at an
45
increased gait to the left front. It continues in its orig-
inal formation until its leading element is about 3 yards
in rear of the correct place in the platoon line, when it
forms line to the front, the leading element reducing the
gait gradually so as to avoid blocking the movements of
the element next in rear and so as to have the gait of the
base squad when it arrives abreast thereof. The rear
elements continue at the increased gait until opposite their
place in line when they gradually reduce the gait as ex-
plained for the leading element ; the squad then conforms
to the gait of the guide of the platoon, and all troopers
maintain their alignment upon him.
c. The third squad similarly is conducted to take its
place on the line to the right of the leading squad. (See
Fig. 12.)
70. TO EXTEND THE PLATOON IN DEPTH. Exten-
sion in depth is effected by the commands: 1. column
OF SQUADS (FOURS, TWOS, OR TROOPERS), 2. AT ( SO MANY)
yards, 3. MARCH. The base element moves out first,
followed by the "others in their proper order. If the
platoon leader desires the elements to march in a particu-
lar formation, he indicates his wishes after giving the
first commands; for example, 1. column of squads in
LINE (AS FORAGERS), 2. AT (SO MANY) YARDS, 3.
MARCH.
71. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO EXTEND THE
PLATOON LATERALLY. The commands are: 1. line
of squads, at (so many) yards, 2. MARCH. The
base squad follows the platoon leader. The other squads
are conducted to their positions abreast of the base. The
squads habitually take the formation of and regulate on
the base squad, but the squad leaders may change the
formation of their squads to suit the ground in accordance
with their own judgment. Troopers regulate on their
own squad leaders.
46
72. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO DISPERSE BY
SQUADS. The command is : DISPERSE BY SQUADS.
The squads are led in different directions at rapid gaits
until they are at least 50 yards apart, whereupon all
halt, and squad leaders direct appropriate dispositions
according to the object in view.
73. TO SEND SCOUTS OUT. The platoon leader in-
dicates the direction or first objective and commands :
SCOUTS OUT. The scouts move out in the direction
indicated at an increased gait.
74. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM AS
FORAGERS. The commands are: 1. as foragers, 2.
MARCH. The base squad follows the platoon leader,
and the squad leader deploys it as soon as there is suffi-
cient room. The leaders of the other squads conduct
them at an increased gait to left and right front to gain
the interval necessary to permit their deployment. Upon
arriving opposite their positions in the line of foragers,
and after changing direction so as to march to the front,
the squads are deployed at the discretion of the squad
leaders and move up abreast of the base squad. Troopers
regulate their march on their own squad leaders. The
leaders of squads other than the base regulate on the base
squad.
75. TO MARCH TO THE REAR. a. If the platoon is
in line, it executes a turn of 180° to the left.
b. If the platoon is in column of fours, twos, or troop-
ers, it executes column left about.
C. If the platoon is in a line of columns, the platoon
leader causes each column to execute column left about,
or if as foragers to execute troopers left about.
47
76. TO CHANGE FORMATION QUICKLY OR TO
BRING ORDER OUT OF CONFUSION. The platoon
leader rides in the desired direction and commands : 1 .
(such) formation, 2. FOLLOW ME. If the squads
are not in the desired formation, each squad leader com-
mands. 1. (such) squad, (such) formation, 2. FOL-
LOW ME. The squad leaders move toward the platoon
leader ; the squads form rapidly on their squad leaders dur-
ing the movement. The squad first arriving near the
platoon leader becomes the base of the new formation.
77. BEING IN ANY FORMATION OR IN DISORDER.
TO RALLY, a. The platoon leader commands : RALLY,
and moves slowly forward.
b. If in disorder, all troopers ride at a rapid gait toward
the platoon leader and form behind him in line in any
order.
e. If in a formation in which the troopers already are
grouped in squads, they rally while remaining in such
groups, even though the individual troopers may form in
any relative order in their squads.
d. The platoon having rallied, the platoon leader, at the
first suitable opportunity, causes fours to be counted or
the platoons to be assembled in normal order.
78. TO CHARGE. In the platoon, charges are executed
by the same commands and methods as prescribed for
the squad, except that the squad leaders are in the rank
and, at the command charge, the leader of the base
squad moves up on the left of the platoon leader. The
platoon leader and intelligence scouts are absorbed in the
rank.
79. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. The commands are: 1.
fight on foot, 2. ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT,
REAR) .
48
66
1. COLUMN OF TWOS
2. MARCH
a e i
Figure 13. Column of twos from line.
4?
a. The platoon leader turns over his horse to the file
closer sergeant, announces the disposition or formation
desired, and directs the disposition of the led horses.
b. Each squad executes fight on foot as prescribed
for the squad. The squad leaders dispose their squads as
indicated by the platoon leader.
c. Individuals out of ranks secure their horses to a
nearby four, preferably an incomplete set. The intelli-
gence scouts join the platoon leader and the platoon ser-
geant directs the squad leaders to their positions. The file
closer sergeant takes charge of the led horses. (See fig.
14.)
80. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be ac-
complished by linking in couples, linking in a circle by
squad or platoon, or having a horseholder in each squad
hold the horses of his squad. In any case, the file closer
sergeant or a designated trooper is left in charge.
81. TO MOUNT THE PLATOON. The platoon may
be mounted by having the led horses brought forward,
moving the dismounted men toward the horses, or both.
To have the led horses brought forward, the platoon
leader signals or sends word. The led horses are brought
forward to the vicinity of their squads. The platoon
leader then gives the command: stand to horse:
1. prepare to mount, 2. MOUNT ; or MOUNT.
82. TO DISMISS THE PLATOON. The platoon is dis
missed by the platoon sergeant on instructions from the
platoon leader in the same general manner as prescribed
for the squad.
50
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To fight on foot and form as skirmishers.
SECTION V
LIGHT MACHINE-GUN SQUAD,
RIFLE TROOP
83. ORGANIZATION. The light machine-gun (LMG)
squad consists of seven privates and a corporal who is the
squad leader. It is organized into two gun crews, each
consisting of a gunner, assistant gunner, and a pack horse
driver. The pack horse driver leads the gun pack horse,
carrying the gun and tripod, spare-parts chest, and am-
munition. In addition, one pack horse driver leads a
squad ammunition pack horse.
84. INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION. MOUNTED.
a. Horsemanship. Before beginning mounted in-
struction in the machine-gun squad, all machine gunners
are trained in horsemanship.
b. Packs and harness. Preliminary instruction in the
care and handling of harness, equipment, and loads may
be pursued concurrently with instruction in horsemanship.
(See FM 25-5.)
e. Driving. This instruction is given first without
harness and includes —
(1) GAITS. Driving the pack horses at the walk, trot,
and gallop, in turns and abouts ; increasing and decreasing
the gait; halts and movements to the front from the halt.
The animals are formed and maneuvered in pairs. Nor-
mally, each driver's horse is on the left side, each pack
horse on the right side of the pair. The instruction also
should include driving with the pack horse on the left.
(2) AIDS. Pack horses are trained to keep abreast of
the drivers' horses. The former are managed by the reins
and the voice.
52
(a) Reins. The reins of the pack horse are used for
gathering him, for checking his gait, for halting him, and
for reining him back. They normally are carried in the
right hand, without passing over the animal's neck, and
so held as to maintain gentle contact with his mouth. The
bight or loop of the reins is held in the other hand or
secured on the wrist. The driver's horse and the pack
horse should be gathered before moving from a halt, before
halting, and before changing gait or direction; the riding
horse as explained in instruction in horsemanship, the
pack horse by a slight pressure of the bit. The riding
horse then is required to move in the desired manner or
to halt, while the pack horse is made to conform to the
movement. The pack horse must neither crowd the riding
horse nor travel too far from him.
(b) Voice. The voice is an aid of great value to the
pack horse driver. Like all other aids, it must cease to
act when obedience to it has been obtained. It must be
reserved for occasions when it is needed to produce a
definite effect.
(3) MOVEMENTS. Pack horse drivers are required to
move their pairs forward, to the flank, to the oblique, and
to the about ; to execute the changes in gait and to halt ;
to align themselves ; to pass from line to column or from
column to line; to rein back; to execute circles; to pass
quickly from the halt to the gallop and from the gallop to
the halt. The next step is to form the pack horse drivers
in columns of pairs and to teach them the commands and
movements they are to obey and execute when the pairs
are maneuvered as a squad. In this instruction, the pack
horse drivers frequently are changed about so as to man-
age leading, rear, and interior pairs.
(4) ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION. Instruction with-
out harness is followed by the same exercises with the
pack horses harnessed, and with them harnessed and
packed.
53
85. FORMATIONS. The formations of the light ma-
chine-gun squad are —
a. Column of fours. This is a close-order formation
in which the ammunition pack horse driver is on the right
of the squad leader. Nos. 1 and 2 form in column in that
order in rear of the squad leader at 4 feet distance. The
pack horse driver of each gun crew is on the right of the
gunner and the assistant gunner on the left, with intervals
of 6 inches. (See fig. 15.)
b. Column of twos (troopers). These are close-
order formations. In column of twos, the squad is in
rear of the squad leader in the order: ammunition pack,
gun crew No. 1, gun crew No. 2. In each crew, the gun
pack is in front, followed by the gunner and assistant gun-
ner, the latter on the left. In column of troopers, the
formation is the same except that the assistant gunners
are in rear of the gunners.
c. Line of half-squad columns. This is an extended
order formation in which the ammunition pack horse
driver is 5 to 10 yards in rear of the squad leader. Each
gun crew is in column of troopers in the order : gunner,
pack horse driver, assistant gunner, staggered from 5 to
10 yards apart ; No. 1 being 10 yards to the left and No. 2
10 yards to the right of the ammunition pack horse driver
unless a different interval is indicated in the command.
(See fig. 15.)
d. Extension in depth. This is an extended order
formation in which the elements, half squads, twos, or
troopers', are in rear of each other at the distance specified
in the command.
e. Flock. This is an extended order formation in
which gun crew No. 1 is to the left and rear and gun crew
No. 2 to the right and rear of the squad leader, with the
driver of the ammunition pack horse in rear of the cor-
poral, with intervals and distances of 10 to 20 yards be-
tween all troopers. (See fig. 15.)
54
f. Foragers. This is an extended order formation in
which gun crew No. 1 is on the left of the squad leader
and gun crew No. 2 on the right of the squad leader, the
gunner of each crew being on the right of his crew. ' Pack
horse drivers and pack horses follow about 10 yards in
rear of their crews, the driver of the ammunition pack
horse in the center.
86. TO SADDLE, HARNESS, AND PACK. a. The squad
leader commands: SADDLE and, if necessary, indicates
the disposition of the riding horses while the pack horses
are being harnessed and packed. The troopers saddle and
bridle their own riding horses.
b. If pack horses are to be harnessed, the squad leader
commands : HARNESS. At this command, the mem-
bers of the squad, working in pairs, harness the pack
horses. .
C. If loads are to be carried, the squad leader com-
mands: PACK. At this command, the pack horse
drivers, assisted by the other members of the squad, and
again working in pairs, place and secure the loads on the
pack horses.
d. When the loads are secured, the troopers obtain
their riding horses and each pack horse driver his pack
horse.
e. When desired, the commands saddle, harness, and
pack can be given as one command.
87. TO UNSADDLE, UNHARNESS, AND UNPACK.
The commands are: UNPACK, UNHARNESS, and
UNSADDLE. They may be given separately or in con-
junction as desired. In the execution of these commands,
the troopers reverse the procedure prescribed in para-
graph 86.
55
ho yds-|ho YDS— I
|5J AP- 1 /Cu— 5-10 YDS -
LINE OF HALF SQUAD COLUMNS
COLUMN OF
TWOS
COLUMN OF 13 ffl
FOURS FLOCK
INTERVALS a DISTANCES OF
10-20 YDS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS
LEGEND
NO. I. GUNNER N0.6. DRIVER, PK H #2
2. GUNNER 7. DRIVER, PK H #3
3. ASST GUNNER P-|. PK H NO I. GUN
4. ASST GUNNER P-2. PK H NO 2. GUN
5. DRIVER, PK H #1 P"3. PK H NO 3. AM
Figure 15. Squad formations.
56
88. TO FORM THE LIGHT MACHINE-GUN SQUAD.
a. The squad normally is formed in column of fours. The
squad leader takes position where the head of the column
•is to rest and, facing in the required direction, commands :
LEAD INTO COLUMN OF FOURS (COLUMN OF
TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The elements
of the column form in order from front to rear, with dis-
tances of 4 feet between successive fours (twos, or troop-
ers). No. 7, with pack horse No. 3, takes position to the
right of the squad leader (in rear of the squad leader in
column of twos or troopers). No. 5, dismounted, leading
on his right pack animal No. 1, takes his place 4 feet from
and facing No. 7. No. 6 takes his place 4 feet in rear of
No. 5 facing No. 5. Nos. 1 and 3 lead into line abreast of
No. 5. Nos. 2 and 4 lead into line abreast of No. 6. (See
fig. 15.) The troopers form stand to horse, with in-
tervals of 18 inches between riding horses, Nos. 1 to 4,
inclusive, on the left of their riding horses, Nos. 5 to 7,
inclusive, between their riding horses and pack animals.
The squad being formed, the leader verifies the presence
of the troopers or calls the roll.
b. Whenever it is desired to form dismounted for gun
drill, the squad leader commands : 1. FORM FOR GUN
DRILL, 2. FALL IN. At this command, the squad
leader takes his place in front of and facing the squad,
and the men form in close line, Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, in
that order, from right to left.
89. RIFLE SQUAD MOVEMENTS APPLICABLE. The
light machine-gun squad executes the following move-
ments by the same commands and by corresponding meth-
ods employed in the rifle squad:
Mounts, dismounts, rests, and is dismissed.
Moves forward, obliques, changes gaits, and halts.
Wheels by fours (exceptional) and changes direc-
tion.
Is extended in depth.
57
90. BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS. TO FORM
COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS. The commands
are: 1. column of twos (troopers), 2. MARCH. The
movement is executed as in the rifle squad except that at
the preparatory command the squad leader places himself
in front of the driver of the ammunition pack horse.
Column of troopers is formed by similar methods.
91. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS.
TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS. The commands are :
1. column of fours, 2. MARCH. The movement is ex-
ecuted as in the rifle squad except that at the command
of execution the driver of the ammunition pack horse
moves up on the right of the squad leader. Column of
twos from column of troopers is formed by similar
methods.
92. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM LINE
OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS. The commands are : 1.
line of half-squad columns. 2. MARCH. The squad
leader, followed by the driver of the ammunition pack
horse, moves straight to the front at the gait of march or
the gait ordered. The gunner of each crew places himself
in front of his pack horse driver and leads his crew at an
increased gait to its position abreast of and 10 yards from
the driver of the ammunition pack horse with the first half
squad on the left, second on the right. (See fig. 15.)
93. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. The commands are: 1.
fight on foot, 2. ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT,
REAR).
a. At the first command, if not assembled by fours,
each gun crew assembles as a four on its pack horse driver
and all dismount except the drivers. The squad leader
places his curb rein in rear of the pommel, crosses the left
stirrup in front of the pommel, and passes his snaffle reins
58
to the ammunition pack horse driver. Each gunner turns
his horse over to his pack horse driver in a similar man-
ner. Each assistant gunner, after placing both reins in
rear of the pommel and crossing the left stirrup in front
of the pommel, secures his horse to the halter ring of the
gunner's horse by the link strap. Each gunner unpacks
the tripod and one chest of ammunition. Each assistant
gunner unpacks the gun and one chest of ammunition.
b. At the second command, each crew runs to a position
1 yard in front of its horses' heads and 5 yards to the flank
indicated in the order, and forms column of troopers.
The squad leader indicates the disposition of the led horses
and assembles his squad in a suitable formation or indi-
cates the employment of the guns.
C. In emergencies, the commands may be combined and
given as one command. In this case, the squad leader on
dismounting runs to the position where the squad is to
assemble and indicates by signal and voice the employment
of the guns. The gun crews move rapidly to the positions
indicated by the squad leader.
94. TO LINK IN COUPLES. Being in any formation,
the command is: LINK IN COUPLES. All halt and
dismount. The gunner and assistant gunner of each crew
link their horses as prescribed for the rifle squad and re-
move the load from their pack horse. Each pack horse
driver links his riding horse to his pack horse with their
right sides adjacent. The squad leader and the driver of
the ammunition pack horse link horses, and the ammuni-
tion pack horse is linked to the horse of the ammunition
pack driver.
95. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be ac-
complished by linking in couples, linking in a circle, or
turning all the horses over to a designated trooper. Nor-
mally, the driver of the ammunition pack horse remains
with the led horses.
59
96. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The command is : OUT
OF ACTION. Each gunner clears gun and closes die
cover. Each assistant gunner replaces the belt in the am-
munition chest. The gunner and the assistant gunner of
each crew then dismount the gun.
97. TO PUT GUNS IN PACKS. The guns having been
taken out of action and the led horses being at hand, the
squad leader commands : PACK. At this command, the
gunners and assistant gunners place the tripod, gun, and
ammunition chests in the hangers and secure the fasten-
ings. As soon as the fastenings are secured, each trooper
obtains his horse and takes the position of stand to horse.
SECTION VI
LIGHT MACHINE-GUN SECTION,
RIFLE TROOP
98. ORGANIZATION. The light machine-gun section
consists of a sergeant and two light machine-gun squads.
99. CONTROL, a. Section sergeant. The section ser-
geant is the leader and sets the direction, gait, and pace.
He normally is posted in front of the leader of his base
(left) squad. The leader of the base squad follows the
section leader at 3 yards' distance.
b. Guide. The base squad is the guide of the section.
The section leader may place himself in front of the
squad leader of either squad, which then becomes the
base.
100. FORMATIONS. The following are the formations
of the machine-gun section :
60
a. Line. In this formation, the two squads are abreast,
each squad in column of fours, with an interval of 10
yards between squads.
b. Column of fours, twos, troopers. In these for-
mations, the squads, each in column (fours, twos, or
troopers), are disposed one behind the other with 4 feet
distance.
c. Line of squads. In this formation, the squads, in
the prescribed formation, are disposed abreast of each
other at the interval prescribed in the command.
d. Column of squads. In this formation, the squads,
in any prescribed formation, are disposed one in rear of
the other at the distance prescribed in the command.
101. TO FORM THE SECTION, a. The section nor
mally is formed in line.
(1) The section leader commands: SADDLE, HAR-
NESS, PACK (or SADDLE, HARNESS), AND
LEAD OUT. At this command, the squad leaders take
charge of their squads and cause them to saddle, harness,
and pack (or saddle and harness) and lead out.
(2) When the squads have led out, the section leader,
facing the position where he wishes the setcion to form,
commands: FORM SECTION. The squad leader of
the base (left) squad, mounted, stations himself 3 yards
from the section leader and facing him. The squad
leader executes left .about and commands: LEAD INTO
COLUMN. When the squad is formed, he faces to the
front. The other squad is formed in a similar manner, on
line with and to the right of the base squad, with an in-
terval of 10 yards.
(3) The section leader commands: REPORT. Each
squad leader in turn, commencing from the right, salutes
and reports, "(Such) squad present," or "(so-and-so) ab-
sent." The section leader returns the salute of each squad
leader.
61
b. The section may be formed in column by the com-
mand: FORM SECTION IN COLUMN.
102. TO DISMISS THE SECTION. The section leader
commands: UNPACK, UNHARNESS, UNSADDLE
(or UNHARNESS AND UN S ADDLE j. At this com-
mand, the squad leaders take charge of their squads and
cause them to unpack, unharness, and unsaddle (or un-
harness and unsaddle).
103. MOVEMENTS CORRESPONDING TO SQUAD
MOVEMENTS. The section mounts, dismounts, links
IN COUPLES, EXECUTES THE MARCH TO THE FRONT, ROUTE
ORDER, THE HALT, THE CHANGE OB' DIRECTION IF IN COL-
UMN, COLUMN OF FOURS, COLUMNS OF TWOS, COLUMN OF
TROOPERS, THE OBLIQUE BY TROOPERS, and THE MARCH TO
a flank by the same commands and means that are pre-
scribed for the squad, substituting where necessary the
word "section" for "squad."
104. BEING IN COLUMN, TO FORM LINE. a. The
commands are: 1. line, 2. MARCH. The base squad
moves straight to the front at the gait of march or the
gait ordered. The other squad executes column half
right at the increased gait and, when it has gained its
interval of 10 yards from the base squad, executes col-
umn half left, moves up on line with the base squad,
and takes the gait of the latter. (See fig. 16.)
b. Line may be formed directly to a flank by the com-
mands:. 1. SQUADS, COLUMN RIGHT (LEFT), 2. MARCH.
At the command march, the squads execute a column
right (left). The interval between squads is maintained
and the right (left) squad guider on the base.
105. BEING IN LINE, TO CHANGE DIRECTION, a.
The change of direction is only a special case of the march
62
in line. The leader conducts the section in the new direc-
tion. The base squad follows in .trace of the section
leader and changes direction on the same ground. The
other squad, by inclining to the right or left, as the case
may be, and increasing or decreasing its gait while main-
taining its interval, conforms to the movements of the
base squad. On completing the turn, the leader indicates
the new direction.
(1) The direction may be changed 90° by the commands :
1. right (left) turn, 2. MARCH.
(2) A change of direction of 45° is similarly executed at
the commands: 1. right (left) half turn, 2.
MARCH.
(3) To make a slight change of direction, the command
is: INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT).
b. The change of direction by formal command, right
(left) turn, right (left) half turn, incline to the
right (left), ordinarily is used only when the section
leader, having given the command disregard, is not actu-
ally leading the section but is instructing or commanding
it from some position other than his normal position as
leader.
106. BEING IN LINE, TO FORM COLUMN. The com
mands are: 1. column, 2. MARCH. The base squad
moves straight to the front at the gait of march or the
gait ordered. The other squad executes column half
left, and is conducted by its leader (who decreases the
gait, if necessary) to its place in column behind the base
squad, following the base squad at 4 feet distance.
107. TO MARCH TO THE REAR. The commands are :
1. fours left about, 2. MARCH, or 1. squads to the
rear, 2. MARCH. Each four executes left about, or
each squad executes column left about, as prescribed.
63
108. TO OBLIQUE BY HEADS OF COLUMNS. The
commands are: 1. squads, column half right (left),
2. MARCH. Each squad executes column half right
(left). This movement is used to gain ground for short
distances in an oblique direction.
109. TO EXTEND THE SECTION LATERALLY, a. The
commands are: 1. line of squads, 2. at (so many)
yards, 3. MARCH.
( 1 ) The base squad follows the section leader or moves
straight to the front at the gait of march. The other
squad is conducted by its leader, at the increased gait, to
its place on line with the base squad at the interval ordered.
If the movement is executed from line and the section
leader desires the extension made to the left, he places
himself in front of the right squad or otherwise indicates
that squad as the base. If the movement is executed from
any column formation, the rear squad moves to the right
unless Squad No. 1 is in front, in which case the rear
squad moves to the left.
(2) The squad other than the base conforms to the gait
and formation of the base squad. In order to pass ob-
stacles, avoid observation, or reduce losses, the squad
leader may order temporarily, any suitable formation or
gaits.
b. The section leader may prescribe a route or objec-
tive for each squad. For example, he commands : 1 .
LINE OF SQUADS, 2. FIRST SQUAD MOVE UP THAT DRAW
(pointing), 3. second squad follow the edge of those
woods (pointing) and halt this side of the clear-
ing (pointing), 4. i will be with the first squad,
5. MOVE OUT. This movement is useful in passing ob-
stacles and in crossing fire-swept areas.
110. TO EXTEND THE SECTION IN DEPTH, a. The
commands are: 1. column of squads, 2. at (so many)
64
yards, 3. MARCH. The base squad follows the section
leader or moves straight to the front at the gait of march.
The other squad is led into position behind the base squad
and follows it at the distance ordered, conforming to the
gait and formation of the base squad. If the section is in
column, the rear squad decreases the gait until the proper
distance is gained.
b. The section leader may designate a point of assembly
before moving out. For example, he commands: 1. col-
umn OF SQUADS AT (SO MANY) YARDS, ' 2. ASSEMBLE
THIS SIDE OF THAT CREST IN THAT CLUMP OF TREES
(pointing), 3. i will be with the second squad, 4.
MOVE OUT. This movement is useful in passing ob-
stacles and in crossing fire-swept areas. It may be used
to effect a deployment in depth in going into action.
111. TO ASSEMBLE THE SECTION, a. The section
being extended laterally or in depth, to assemble the sec-
tion, the commands are: 1. assemble, 2. MARCH. At
the command, the normal formation (line) is resumed.
b. If it is desired to assemble the section in column, the
commands are: 1. assemble in column (fours, twos,
troopers), 2. MARCH.
c. The assembly normally is executed at the trot.
112. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. Rapidity of going into
action and opening fire is a primary consideration. In
this action, the section leader commands: ACTION
FRONT (RIGHT, LEFT, REAR). He then dismounts
and links his horse to the left side of the horse of No. 2
of the base squad. If marching in column, at the com-
mand action front, the guns of the leading squad are
mounted in the immediate vicinity of pack horse No. 3.
The squad leader of the rear squad moves into line or
echelon right, according to the nature of the terrain, and
executes action front. If action rear is given from
65
column, the rear squad moves into formation in line and
both squads execute action rear. In action right
(left) from column, the guns are mounted in the imme-
diate vicinity of pack animals No. 3 and facing in the
direction ordered. A designated pack horse driver con-
ducts the pack horses to cover. (See fig. 16.)
b. If in line and it is desired to execute action to a
flank, the command is: ACTION RIGHT (LEFT).
The squad on the flank toward the action immediately
executes action in the direction indicated. The other
squad moves up to the left (or right) of the base squad
and executes action front.
113. TO GO OUT OF ACTION, a. The section leader
commands: OUT OF ACTION. If he desires to pack
the equipment on the pack animals, he commands, at
the proper time : PACK. Each squad leader repeats the
commands and causes the gun and equipment of his squad
to be moved back by hand to the position of the led
animals. If necessary to go out of action very rapidly,
the section leader omits the command out of action and
commands : PACK, in which case the animals are brought
forward at a rapid gait and packed at or near the gun
position.
b. When the packing is completed, all not already
mounted mount without command.
66
SECTION VII
CALIBER .50 MACHINE-GUN
SQUAD, RIFLE TROOP
114. ORGANIZATION. The caliber '.50 machine-gun
squad consists of a corporal, seven privates, eight riding
horses, three pack horses, and one caliber .50 machine-gun
and its ammunition.
115. PACK HORSES. . The No. 1 pack horse carries the
weapon, with the tripod and barrel on the right side, the
receiver on the left side, and the spare parts chest with
40 rounds of ammunition as a top load. 'Pack horses
Nos. 2 and 3 carry the balance of the ammunition.
116. FORMATIONS, a. The caliber .50 machine-gun
squad forms and maneuvers by the same commands and
in the same manner employed in the light machine-gun
squad. The designation of personnel in the caliber .50
machine-gun squad is slightly different from that of the
light machine-gun squad. Also, the caliber .50 machine-
gun squad has only one machine gun, whereas the light
machine-gun squad has two machine guns. For these
reasons, No. 2 is designated the ammunition carrier, and
No. P2 as an ammunition pack horse. (See par. 85 and
Fig. 17.)
b. The rifle squad movements applicable to the caliber
.50 machine-gun squad are the same as those for the
light machine-gun squad (see par. 89).
117. TO GO INTO ACTION. The command is: AC
TION FRONT (RIGHT, LEFT, REAR). All halt
with the exception of the squad leader, who turns his
67
if p"3
ml)*-* /Q 5H0YDS~-jJ\fl
®op~[ mo
(efY) LINE OF HALF SQUAD COLUMNS
COLUMN OF
TWOS
P-i
COLUMN OF ^
FOURS FLOCK
INTERVALS a DISTANCES OF
10-20 YDS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS
LEGEND
NO. I. GUNNER NO. 5. DRIVER, PK H I (GUN)
2. AM CARRIER IN CAL 6. DRIVER, PK H 2 (AM)
.50 SQUAD; ASST 7. DRIVER, PK H 3 (AM)
GNR IN HEAVY MG P-l GUN PK H
8 MORTAR SQUAD P"2 AM PK H
3. ASST GUNNER P"3 AM PK H
4. ASST GUNNER
Figure 17. Squad formations.
69
horse to left about. The squad leader and Nos. 1 to 4,
inclusive, dismount. The squad leader links his horse to
the left side of No. 7's horse. Simultaneously, Nos. 3
and 4 secure their horses to the halter rings of the horses
of Nos. 1 and 2, respectively, by the link strap. Nos. 1
and 2 pass their snaffle reins to the corresponding pack
horse driver. The squad leader moves immediately to the
position at which the gun is to be mounted and indicates
with his arm the direction it is to be pointed. No. 1
moves rapidly in front of No. 5 to the right side of pack
horse No. 1, releases the tripod, and mounts it at the
position designated by the squad leader. No. 3 moves
rapidly in rear of No. 5 and approaching pack horse No. 1
from the rear, pushes the horse's haunches to the right.
He releases the receiver and carries it to the position
marked by No. 1. With the assistance of No. 1, No. 3
places the receiver in its position on the tripod. As soon
as the receiver is in position on the tripod, No. 1 fixes
the telescopic sight to its base on the receiver. No. 4
moves rapidly in rear of No. 5 to the left side of pack
horse No. 1, releases the barrel and spare parts chest,
and carries them to the position of the gun. He places
the spare parts chest on the ground near the feedway, and
then assembles the barrel to the receiver. No. 2 moves
rapidly to pack horse No. 3, releases one ammunition
chest, and takes position so as to forward any supplies
ordered.
118. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The command is:
OUT OF ACTION.
a. The gun is unloaded and, with the equipment, is
moved back by hand to a position to which the pack
horses may be brought. .
b. Upon the arrival of the pack horses, the squad leader
commands: PACK. Nos. 1, 3, and 4 pack the tripod,
70
receiver, barrel, and spare parts chest on pack horse No. 1
in reverse order to that in which it was unpacked. When
this is accomplished, Nos. 1 and 3 assist Nos. 2 and 4
in completing the loads of pack horses Nos. 2 and 3.
Nos. 2 and 4 pack any remaining ammunition on pack
horses Nos. 2 and 3, in case these horses are not fully
loaded. In replacing ammunition boxes, care must be
taken to balance the loads by placing the same number
of f ull boxes on each side of the horse. The spare parts
chest placed on pack horse No. 1 habitually contains a
belt of 40 rounds of ammunition when in pack. The
squad leader and Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive, mount.
c. The squad leader may command pack, in which
case the animals are brought forward at a rapid gait and
packed at or near the gun position.
SECTION VIII
CALIBER .50 MACHINE-GUN
SECTION, RIFLE TROOP
TT9. ORGANIZATION. The caliber .50 machine-gun
section consists of a sergeant and two caliber .50 machine-
gun squads.
T20. CONTROL. The section sergeant is the leader and
sets the direction, gait, and pace. Normally, he is posted
in front of the leader of the base squad (left squad).
The leader of the base squad follows the section leader
at 3-yards distance.
121. FORMATIONS. The formations and movements
of the caliber .50 machine-gun section are the same as
71
those prescribed for the light machine-gun section. (See
sec. VI.)
122. MOVEMENTS CORRESPONDING TO SQUAD
MOVEMENTS. Squad movements prescribed in para-
graph 89 are applicable to the caliber .50 machine-gun
section.
123. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. In this action, the sec-
tion leader commands: ACTION FRONT (RIGHT,
LEFT, REAR). He then dismounts and links his horse
to the left side of the horse of No. 7 of the base squad.
If marching in column, at the command action front
the gun of the leading squad is mounted in the immediate
vicinity of pack horse No. 3. The squad leader of the
rear squad moves into line or echelons right, according
to the nature of the terrain, and executes action front.
If action rear is given from column," the rear squad
moves into formation in line and both squads execute
action rear. In action right (left) from column,
the guns are mounted in the immediate vicinity of pack
animals No. 3 and facing in the direction ordered. A
designated driver conducts the pack horses to cover.
b. If in line and it is desired to execute action to a
flank, the command is: ACTION RIGHT (LEFT).
The squad on the flank toward the action immediately
executes action in the direction indicated. The other
squad moves up to the left (or right) of the base squad
and executes action front.
124. TO GO OUT OF ACTION, a. The section leader
commands: OUT OF ACTION. If he desires to pack
the equipment on the pack animals, he commands, at the
proper time : PACK. Each squad leader repeats the com-
mand and causes the gun and equipment in his squad to be
moved back by hand to the position of the pack animals.
72
If necessary to go out of action very rapidly, the section
leader omits the command out of action and commands
PACK, in .which case the animals are brought forward
at a rapid gait and packed at or near the gun position.
b. When the packing is completed, all not already
mounted mount without command.
SECTION IX
MACHINE-GUN PLATOON,
RIFLE TROOP
125. ORGANIZATION. The machine-gun platoon con-
sists of a platoon headquarters, a light-machine-gun sec-
tion, and a caliber .50 machine-gun section. The platoon
headquarters includes a platoon leader, a platoon sergeant,
a file closer sergeant, two intelligence scouts, and three
basics.
126. CONTROL, a. The platoon leader sets the direc-
tion, gait, and pace of the platoon. In line, he is posted
3 yards in front of the leader of his base; in column, he
is 4 feet in front of the guide. In column, the leading
section is the base. In line, unless otherwise ordered,
the right section is the base.
b. The base squad follows the platoon leader. The lead-
ers of squads other than the base regulate on the base
squad. The troopers in each squad regulate on their
squad leader.
c. In extended order formations and when marching at
route order, the platoon leader followed by the two intel-
ligence scouts is 3 yards in front of the guide of the
base unit. Distance is measured from the rear of those
accompanying the platoon leader to the leading element.
73
The platoon sergeant and file closer sergeant' are 3 yards
in rear of the center or rear element.
127. FORMATIONS, a. The following are the forma-
tions of the platoon :
(1) LINE. In this formation the sections, in line, are
abreast of each other with an interval of 10 yards.
(2) LINE OF SECTIONS. In this formation the sec-
tions, in any prescribed formation, are abreast of each
other with the interval prescribed in the command.
(3) COLUMN OF SECTIONS. In this formation,
the sections in any prescribed formation are one behind
the other at the distance prescribed in the command.
b. Other formations applicable are prescribed in para-
graph 63.
128. MOVEMENTS CORRESPONDING TO SECTION
AND SQUAD MOVEMENTS. See paragraph 66.
129. TO FORM THE PLATOON, a. Normally, the
platoon is formed in line. It may be formed in column
if desired. Squads are formed as prescribed and in such
place and manner that they will be combined in the
desired platoon formation.
b. In garrison, the platoon is formed dismounted by
the platoon sergeant and, after verification, is marched to
the stables. If alone, it is marched by the platoon leader ;
if in the troop, the troop is marched by the troop com-
mander with the platoon leaders in command of their
platoons. When troop officers are not present the first
sergeant and platoon sergeants take command of the unit.
C When the platoon has reached the stables, the platoon
sergeant commands: SADDLE, HARNESS, PACK,
AND LEAD OUT (or) SADDLE, HARNESS, and
LEAD OUT. At this command, the section leaders take
charge of their sections and cause them to saddle, harness,
74
and pack (or saddle and harness) and lead out of- the
corral. When the sections have led out, the platoon ser-
geant, mounted, faces the position where he wishes the
left squad of the right section to form and commands :
FORM PLATOON. The section leader of the base
(right) section, mounted, stations himself 3 yards from
the platoon sergeant and facing him. The section leader
executes left about and commands: FORM SECTION.
When the section is formed, he faces to the front. The
other section is formed in a similar manner on the left
of the base section on line with and at an interval of
10 yards from the line. The platoon sergeant then com-
mands : REPORT. Each section leader in turn from
right to left salutes and reports, "(Such) section pres-
ent," or "(So-and-so) absent," and takes post on the
right of the leader of the base squad. The platoon ser-
geant returns the salute of each section leader, faces
about, salutes, and reports to the platoon leader (or first
sergeant if the platoon is formed as a part of the troop),
"Sir, the platoon is present or accounted for," or "Sir,
(so-and-so) absent." When no verification is required,
the report is, "Sir,- the platoon is formed." During the
formation, the platoon leader takes post mounted 3 yards
behind the platoon sergeant. When the platoon sergeant
has reported, the platoon sergeant, file closer sergeant,
and intelligence scouts take their posts. .
d. The platoon may be formed in column by the com-
mand: FORM PLATOON IN COLUMN. The only
difference from the procedure prescribed in a above is that
the sections are formed in column with the section leader
of the second section 3 yards in rear of the first section.
After the reports have been made, the rear section closes
without command to 4 feet distance.
130. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM LINE.
The commands are: 1. line, 2. march. The base sec-
75
tion forms line and follows the platoon leader at 3
yards distance. The remaining section is conducted by the
leader to its position on the left of the base section where
it forms line and moves abreast of the base.
131. BEING IN LINE. TO CHANGE DIRECTION.The
change of direction is only a special case of the march
in line. The leader conducts the platoon in the new direc-
tion. The base section follows in trace of the platoon
leader and changes direction on the same ground. The
other section, by inclining to the right (or left, and by
increasing or decreasing its gait while maintaining its in-
terval, conforms to the movement of the base section. On
completing the turn, the leader indicates the new direc-
tion.
a. The direction is changed 90° at the commands: 1.
right (left) turn, 2. MARCH.
b. A change of direction of 45° is similarly executed at
the commands: 1. right (left) half turn, 2.
MARCH.
C. To make a slight change of direction, the command
is: INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT).
d. The change of direction by formal command is ordi-
narily used when the platoon leader, having given the com-
mand disregard, is not actually leading the platoon but
is instructing or commanding it from some position other
than his normal position as leader, otherwise he com-
mands: FOLLOW ME, and at the completion of the
change of direction, he indicates the new direction of
march.
132. BEING IN ANY FORMATION. TO FORM
COLUMN OF FOURS. TWOS. TROOPERS. The com-
mands are: 1. column of fours (twos, troopers), 2.
MARCH. The base section executes the movement in the
manner prescribed for the section and follows the platoon
76
leader. The remaining section is conducted by the leader
to the most suitable location for it to change formation to
correspond to the base section, and then is led to its place
in column.
133. BEING IN COLUMN TO FORM LINE. The com-
mands are: 1. line, 2. MARCH. The base section
forms line and moves to the front at the gait of march.
The rear section executes column half left at an in-
creased gait and resumes the march to the front so as to
have its interval of 10 yards when it has formed line.
When the leader is abreast of the leader of the base sec-
tion, he takes the gait of the latter and then forms his
section in line.
134. ROUTE ORDER. The command is: ROUTE
ORDER. Executed the same as in the squad.
135. MARCH COLUMN. The command is: MARCH
COLUMN.
a. Being in column of fours, the squad leader of the
leading squad moves up on the left of the section leader.
The squad leader of the second squad drops back to a
position on the left of the squad leader of the third squad.
The squad leader of the third squad places himself on the
left of the section leader of the rear section. The squad
leader of the rear squad drops back to a position on the
left of the file closer sergeant. All close to 4 feet.
b. Being in column of twos, the section sergeant of the
leading section takes position on the left of the platoon
leader. The two intelligence scouts form a two in rear
of them and the section leader of the rear section takes
position on the right of the platoon sergeant in the rear of
the platoon. All close to 4 feet.
c. If marching in column of troopers, the intelligence
scouts move to position in rear of the platoon leader.
77
136. TO MARCH TO THE REAR. The commands are :
1. FOURS LEFT ABOUT, 2. MARCH; Or 1. SQUADS TO THE
rear, 2. MARCH; or 1. sections to the rear, 2.
MARCH. Each four executes left about. Each squad
or section executes column left about, according to the
unit indicated in the command. To march again in the
original direction, the same commands should be used.
137. TO OBLIQUE BY HEADS OF COLUMNS. The
commands are: 1. squads (sections) column half-
right (left), 2. MARCH. Each squad (or section)
executes column half right (left). This movement
is used to gain ground for short distances in an oblique
direction.
138. TO EXTEND THE PLATOON LATERALLY. The
commands are: 1. line of squads (sections), 2. at
(so many) yards, 3. MARCH. The base squad (sec-
tion) executes the movement and follows the platoon
leader or moves straight to the front at the gait of march.
The other squad (section) is conducted by its leader at an
increased gait to its place on line with the base squad (sec-
tion) at the interval ordered.
a. If the movement is executed from line and the pla-
toon leader desires the extension made to the right, he
places himself in front of the left section or otherwise in-
dicates that section as the base.
b. If the movement is executed from column, the sec-
ond section habitually moves to the left.
c. The section other than the base conforms to the gait
and formation of the base section. It takes any gait or
formation which may be ordered by its leader in order
to pass obstacles, avoid observation, or reduce losses.
d. The platoon leader may prescribe a route or objec-
tive for each squad. For example, he may command:
1. LINE OF SQUADS (SECTIONS), 2. FIRST SQUAD (SEC-
78
tion) move up that draw (pointing), 3. second squad
(section) follow the edge of those woods (pointing)
AND HALT THIS SIDE OF THE CLEARING (pointing), 4. I
WILL BE WITH THE FIRST SQUAD ( SECTION), 5. MOVE
OUT. This movement is useful in crossing a fire-swept
crest or area.
139. TO EXTEND THE PLATOON IN DEPTH, a. The
commands are: 1. column Of squads (sections), 2.
at (so many) yards, 3. MARCH. • The base squad
(section) follows the platoon leader or moves straight to
the front at the gait of march. The other squads or sec-
tions remain at the halt, maintain the. gait of march or
decrease the gait,- and place themselves in position behind
the base at the distance ordered. The rear squads (sec-
tions) conform to the gait and formation of the base or
take any gait or formation which may be ordered by the
leader in order to pass obstacles, avoid observation, or
reduce losses.
b. The squad leader designates a point of assembly
before moving out.
140. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO DISPERSE BY
SQUADS. The command is : DISPERSE BY SQUADS.
The squads are led in different directions at rapid gait
until they are at least 50 yards apart, whereupon all halt,
and squad leaders direct appropriate dispositions accord-
ing to the object in view.
141. TO ASSEMBLE THE PLATOON. The platoon be-
ing extended laterally or in depth, to assemble the platoon
the commands are: 1. assemble, 2. MARCH. At this
command, the normal formation (line) is resumed. If it
is desired to assemble the platoon in column the com-
mands are: 1. assemble in column, 2. MARCH. The
assembly is normally executed at the trot.
79
142. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. The platoon leader
commands: ACTION FRONT (RIGHT, LEFT,
REAR). If marching in column at the command action
front, the weapons of the leading section are mounted
as described for the section. The section leader of the
rear section moves into line or echelons to the left, accord-
ing to the nature of the terrain, and executes action
front. If action rear is ordered from column, the rear
section moves into formation in line and both sections
then execute act*>n rear. In act right or left from
column, the guns are mounted in the immediate vicinity
of the No. 3 pack animal of each squad and facing in the
direction ordered... In action from any formation, the
platoon leader, platoon sergeant, and one scout dismount
at the positions of the guns. The file closer sergeant con-
ducts the led horses to cover in the direction opposite to
that in which the guns are mounted and faces them toward
the guns.
b. If in line to execute action to a flank, the command
is: ACTION RIGHT (LEFT). The section on that
flank immediately executes action in the direction indi-
cated. The other section moves up on its left (right) and
executes action front.
143. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be
accomplished by linking in a circle by squad or section or
having a pack driver in each squad hold the horses of the
squad. The file closer sergeant or a designated trooper is
left in charge.
144. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The platoon leader
usually commands : OUT OF ACTION. If he desires
to pack the equipment on the pack animals he commands :
PACK. Each section leader repeats the command and
causes the weapons and equipment of his section to be
moved by hand to the position of the led animals. If nec-
80
essary, the platoon leader omits the command OUT of*
action, and commands PACK, in which case the led
animals are brought forward at a rapid gait and packed
at or near the gun position. Each section packs its equip-
ment on the pack animals and mounts. The platoon
leader, platoon sergeant, and intelligence scouts mount.
SECTION X
RIFLE TROOP
145. ORGANIZATION, a. See the appendix and T/O
& E 2-17 (when published).
b. For administrative purposes, rifle platoons have per-
manent designations of first platoon, second platoon, and
third platoon, which have no connection with their tempo-
rary designation according to their position when in line
as right, center, or left platoon; or when in column as
leading, center, or rear platoon.
146. TROOP HEADQUARTERS, a. Troop commander.
The troop commander normally leads the troop from a
position 6 yards in front of the leader of the base platoon.
He may go wherever his presence is necessary or desirable,
directing his subordinate to lead the troop.
b. First sergeant. The first sergeant accompanies
the troop commander except at ceremonies or when posted
elsewhere. At ceremonies in line, he is on the right of the
file closer sergeant of the base platoon, and, in column,
he is on the right of the line of file closers of the rear
platoon. At other times, he may be posted at the discre-
tion of the troop commander.
C. Guidon. The guidon is normally carried by the
stable sergeant, who follows the troop commander at a
distance of 4 feet except at ceremonies or when he is in
81
.charge of the led horses. At ceremonies, he is posted on
the right of the leading platoon. When the troop fights
on foot he is in charge of the led horses.
d. Buglers. The bugler habitually accompanies the
troop commander. (See fig. 18.)
e. Remainder of troop headquarters. The remain-
ing members of troop headquarters present, under the
senior noncommissioned officer, are formed into a detach-
ment corresponding to the formation of the light machine-
gun section. Unless directed otherwise, this detachment
maneuvers as an extra section of the machine-gun platoon.
In emergencies or for instructional purposes, members of
troop headquarters not leading horses may be placed in a
separate squad or attached to platoons to fill vacancies.
147. FORMATIONS. Formations of the rifle troop in
close and extended order are —
a. Line. Line is a close order formation in which each
platoon is in line. The rifle platoons are abreast of each
other with an interval of 3 yards between platoons. The
machine-gun platoon is in rear of the base rifle platoon
at a distance of 10 yards. (See fig. 18.)
b. Line of platoon columns. This is a close-order
formation in which the rifle platoons are in column of
fours and abreast of each other with intervals sufficient
for the troop to deploy into line in the direction of march.
The machine-gun platoon is in column ef fours in rear of
the base rifle platoon with a distance of 3 yards from the
rear element of that platoon to the leader of the machine-
gun platoon. (See fig. 19.)
C Column of platoons. This is a close order forma-
tion in which each platoon is in line, one behind the other,
with distances equal to platoon front, the machine-gun
platoon in the rear. (See fig. 18.)
d. Column of fours (twos, or troopers). This is
a close-order formation in which each platoon is in the
82
corresponding formation with distances of 3 yards from
the rear element of one platoon to the leader of the pla-
toon in rear.
e. Extensions in frontage and depth. These are ex-
tended order formations in which the platoons are ar-
ranged with intervals and/or distance suitable to the sit-
uation and terrain. The platoons may be in any pre-
scribed platoon formation, those other than the base nor-
mally conforming to the formation of the base platoon.
The machine-gun platoon is normally in rear.
148. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS, a. The troop
executes the movements of the platoon or squad which are
obviously applicable by the same commands, substituting
where necessary the word "troop" for "platoon" or
"squad." The troop commander may cause the platoons
individually to execute a movement not otherwise provided
for by prefixing the word "platoons" to the command.
b. Any formation can be taken directly from any other
formation.
c. In assuming column formations from line forma-
tions, the movement is initiated by the base platoon (usu-
ally the center or right center platoon). The troop com-
mander may designate any platoon as the base by placing
himself in front of its leader.
d. Line formations are habitually assumed from col-
umn formations by a fan-shaped deployment, the head of
the column moving in the direction the line is to face.
Normally the troop does not march in line.
e. When necessary, line may be formed to a flank from
column of fours or column of fours from line by wheeling
by fours. These movements are exceptional and do not
terminate with the correct intervals or distances which
must be gained gradually.
83
0
1. COLUMN OF
PLATOONS
2. MARCH
4
4
G 9
C
q a i a
Figure 18. Line and columns of platoons.
84
& <£>
Figure 19. Line of platoon columns.
f. The platoon is the largest unit that has an extended
order drill by fixed commands. For the troop or larger
bodies, extended order movements are executed by orders
of the commander given under real or assumed tactical
situations.
149. TO FORM THE TROOP, a. The troop is usually
formed in line but may be formed in any formation in-
cluded in the command. The troop having been marched
to the stable or picket line, the first sergeant commands :
85
SADDLE, HARNESS, PACK (or SADDLE, HAR-
NESS), AND FORM PLATOONS. The platoon
sergeants cause their men to saddle and lead out. They
then form their platoons in the most convenient places
without interfering with each other. Unless a previous
verification has been made, the platoon sergeants verify
their platoons.
b. The platoons being formed, the first sergeant takes
post mounted, facing the position where he wishes the
base platoon to form and commands : FORM TROOP.
The platoons take positions, mounted, in line or in col-
umn, as directed by the first sergeant, in the order of
their permanent designation, the base platoon being
formed with its rank 9 yards from the first sergeant.
c. As soon as the platoons are in their proper positions,
the first sergeant commands: REPORT. The platoon
sergeants, in order from right to left or head to rear,
salute and report, "(Such) platoon is formed," or in case
no previous verification has taken place, "(Such) platoon
present or accounted for," or "(Such) platoon (so-and-
so) absent." After reporting, each platoon sergeant goes
at the trot to his post. The first sergeant turns about,
salutes, and reports, "Sir, the troop is formed," or "Sir,
the troop is present or accounted for," or "Sir, (so-and-
so) absent." When the troop commander acknowledges
the salute, the first sergeant goes at the trot to his posi-
tion.
d. The platoon leaders then take their position in front
of their platoons. The platoon leaders should inspect their
platoons while they are being formed, and satisfy them-
selves that the horses are properly saddled, that bits are
properly adjusted, and that the equipment is clean and
properly placed. The troop commander may require the
platoon leaders to inspect arms before the platoons are
mounted.
86
e. The troop commander may require the platoons to
remain dismounted after forming platoons without form-
ing troop until the proper time to march out, thus form-
ing troop in column as they march out and dispensing
with the formal formation.
f. When the troop headquarters is present, it forms as
an extra section of the machine-gun platoon, but for veri-
fication it is reported directly to the first sergeant by the
senior noncommissioned officer with it. The men in it
who have special places assigned them in the troop forma-
tion take their positions as soon as the troop is reported
to the troop commander unless otherwise indicated by
him. If the machine-gun platoon is absent from the troop
formation, the headquarters detachment forms in the
place prescribed for the machine-gun platoon.
150. TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS (TWOS, OR
TROOPERS). The commands are : 1. column of fours
(twos or troopers), 2. MARCH.
a. If the troop is in a line formation, the base platoon
forms column of fours (twos or troopers) and follows
the troop commander or moves in the direction indicated.
Each of the other platoons forms a similar column in
time to take its place in the troop column. The order of
the platoon in column is as prescribed in forming column
of platoons.
b. Being in column of twos or troopers to form column
of fours, the leading platoon forms fours and the suc-
ceeding platoons follow at an increased gait until they
have gained the proper distances, when, each in turn,
forms fours.
151. TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. line,
2. MARCH.
a. If the troop is in column, the base platoon, if not
already in line, forms line in the direction of march and
87
follows the troop commander or moves in the direction
indicated. The next rifle platoon in column changes di-
rection half left at an increased gait and, upon arrival
at its proper place on the left of the base platoon, forms
line and takes the gait of the base platoon. The third
rifle platoon in column is conducted in a similar manner
to its proper place on the right of the base platoon. The
machine-gun platoon moves forward at an increased gait
and forms line 10 yards in rear of the base rifle platoon.
(See fig. 18.)
b. If in line of platoon columns, all of the platoons
form line, and the platoons other than the base are so
led as to gain their correct positions upon forming line.
c. If in an extended order formation, the platoons are
assembled and then moved so as to form on the base
platoon.
d. When the troop marches in line, each platoon is led
by its leader and conforms to the gait, pace, and direction
of the base platoon whose leader follows in the trace of
the troop commander or designated guide. The platoon
leaders, without command of the troop commander, lead
their platoons so as to pass obstacles with greatest ease
and resume the original formation.
152. TO FORM COLUMN OF PLATOONS. The com
mands are: 1. column of platoons, 2. MARCH.
a. If the troop is in a column formation, such as column
of fours, each platoon forms line. The base platoon fol-
lows the troop commander or takes an indicated direction.
The other platoons, if not already in their positions, are
led to their proper places in column.
b. If the troop is in a line formation, the base platoon
moves forward in line and follows the troop commander
or moves in the direction indicated. Each of the other
platoons forms line, if not already in line, and, at a gait
1° slower than that of the base, awaits the proper time to
88
take its place in the column. By slight changes of direc-
tion and at the gait of the base platoon, each is led to its
place at the prescribed distance from the platoon in front
of it. The order of the platoons in column is as follows :
The base platoon, the next platoon on the left of the base
platoon in line, the next platoon on the right of the base
platoon in line, the machine-gun platoon. (See fig. 18.)
153. TO FORM LINE OF PLATOON COLUMNS. The
commands are: 1. line of platoon columns, 2.
MARCH. The base platoon, if not already in column of
fours, forms column of fours in the direction of march
and follows the troop commander or moves in the direc-
tion indicated. The other platoons form column of fours
and are led to their proper places. (See fig. 19.)
154. TO ASSEMBLE THE PLATOON LEADERS. The
command is: PLATOON LEADERS REPORT. At
this command, the platoon leaders proceed at the gallop
to report to the troop commander for instructions. The
platoon sergeants take temporary command of platoons.
When the troop is in column, the platoon leaders and
platoon sergeants of all but the rear platoon repeat the
order so that those in rear can hear it.
155. TO EXTEND THE TROOP IN DEPTH, OR
LATERALLY, OR BOTH. The platoons may be arranged
in any formation, such as one behind the other ; a diamond
formation; in two waves with the rifle platoons abreast
of each other and the machine-gun platoon in the rear;
or each platoon may be assigned a route or objective. The
troop commander may assemble the platoon leaders, ex-
plain the situation, and order any formation he desires ;
or he may send instructions to the platoon leaders by mes-
senger. Certain formations of frequent use may be as-
sumed by commands such as :
39
a. 1. LINE OF PLATOONS, 2. AT (SO MANY YARDS ) ON
(such) platoon, 3. FOLLOW ME. The designated
platoon follows the troop commander in any formation
indicated. The other rifle platoons gain the interval or-
dered and conform to the movements of the base platoon.
The machine-gun platoon follows the base platoon at 50
yards unless otherwise ordered.
b. approach formation. At this command, the troop
forms in column of platoons; the platoons form line of
half squad columns with normal intervals and with dis-
tances of 50 yards between platoons. Formations, in-
tervals, and distances may be varied to suit the situation
and terrain.
c. attack formation. At this command the troop
forms in column of platoons ; the platoons form as foragers
with normal intervals and with distances of 100 yards be-
tween platoons.
1 56. TO ATTACK, a. When speed is essential the troop
commander indicates an objective to each platoon leader
in turn and directs MOVE OUT. As each platoon moves
out, the troop commander and those accompanying him
join the next platoon, which he launches similarly in the
direction and at the moment desired. „
b. When time permits, the troop commander assembles
the platoon leaders, explains the situation, and assigns
tactical missions to the platoons, adding such details as
are necessary to secure coordination of effort.
157. TO MARCH TO THE REAR. a. The commands
are: 1. to the rear, 2. MARCH. If the platoons' are
in line, each platoon executes a turn of 180° to the left.
If the platoons are in columns of fours (twos or troop-
ers), each platoon executes a column left about.
b. If the troop commander wishes the movement to the
rear to be executed by wheeling about by fours, he com-
90
mands: 1. fours left about, 2. MARCH. The move-
ment is executed as explained for the squad. The file
closers move to the right to pass through the nearest pla-
toon interval or to pass around the nearest flank to their
new positions in the rear of the platoons, or in case of the
first sergeant, in rear of the troop. The platoon leaders
move to the left around the flanks of their platoons to their
new positions in front of their platoons. The troop com-
mander passes through intervals or around either flank
to gain his new position in front of the base platoon.
c. If the platoons are deployed as foragers, the platoon
leaders cause troopers left about to be executed as pre-
scribed for the squad.
d. The machine-gun platoon marches to the rear by
executing squads column left about, or troopers left about,
according to its formation. When the troop marches to
the rear, the machine-gun platoon finds itself leading the
troop and continues there until the troop commander
orders it to the rear of the troop.
158. TO DISMOUNT TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. The
troop dismounts to fight on foot by commands and meth-
ods corresponding to those prescribed for the squad and
platoon. According to the objective in view, the troop
commander may direct the entire troop or only certain
platoons to fight on foot. In emergencies, he may order
the troop or certain platoons to fight on foot as skir-
mishers to the right, left, front, or rear.
b. Platoon leaders of the rifle platoons, unless directed
otherwise, assemble their dismounted platoons in column
of threes and await orders.
C. The leader of the machine-gun platoon, unless di-
rected otherwise, assembles his platoon dismounted in
column of fours and awaits orders. If the squads of the
machine-gun platoon have been attached to rifle platoons,
the platoon leader with the rest of the platoon head-
quarters joins the troop commander.
91
d. The troop commander and first sergeant turn their
horses over to the bugler. The intelligence scouts join
the troop commander. Unless directed otherwise, other
members of the troop headquarters remain with ,the led
horses.
e. The stable sergeant (guidon) takes charge of the led
horses and disposes of them as directed by the troop com-
mander. If the horses of a rifle platoon are to be sep-
arated from the other horses of the troop, the horses of
any machine-gun squad which may be attached accompany
those of the rifle platoon.
159. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. The horses may
be left immobile by methods prescribed for the platoon, the
stable sergeant being left in charge.
160. TO RALLY. Being in disorder, the troop com-
mander may form the troop hastily in column of platoons
by the command rally. At this command, the platoon
leader of each platoon rallies his platoon in line and, with-
out waiting for the squad formations to be completed, con-
ducts the platoon toward the troop commander at a gallop,
causing it to count fours as it moves. The first platoon
to reach the troop commander becomes the base and the
other platoons take positions successively in the rear.
161. TO ASSEMBLE. Being in any formation, dispersed,
or in disorder, the troop commander commands: 1. as-
semble in (such) formation, 2. MARCH, or notifies
the platoon leaders of the formation desired. The troop
commander indicates the base platoon and causes it to
follow him or designates its location. Each platoon is
assembled in an orderly manner and marched to the troop
commander or to a point indicated by him. The rifle pla-
toons, unless directed otherwise, form in normal order.
All platoons move in the most convenient manner.
92
162. TO DISMISS THE TROOP. The troop commander
directs the first sergeant to dismiss the troop. Officers
fall out, first sergeant commands: DISMISS YOUR
PLATOONS. Each platoon sergeant takes charge of his
platoon and dismisses it.
SECTION XI
MACHINE-GUN SQUAD,
WEAPONS TROOP
163. ORGANIZATION. The machine-gun squad con-
sists of a corporal, seven privates, eight riding horses,
three pack horses, and one heavy machine gun, caliber .30,
and its ammunition.
164. PACK HORSES. Pack horse No. 1 carries the tri-
pod on the right side, a gun, one box of ammunition,
and a steam-condensing device with case on the left side,
and a spare parts roll as a top load. Pack horses Nos. 2
and 3 each carry ammunition arid one water chest.
165. CONTROL, a. Corporal. The corporal is the
leader who sets the direction and gait of the squad.
b. Guide. The leading pack horse driver, No. 7, is the
guide of the squad and follows the squad leader at 4
yards distance.
166. INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION MOUNTED. See
paragraph 84.
167. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The forma-
tions and movements of the machine-gun squad, weapons
troop, are the same as those prescribed for the light
machine-gun squad, rifle troop. (See par. 85 and fig. 17.)
W
168. TO GO INTO ACTION. The machine-gun squad
goes into action in the same manner as that prescribed
for the caliber .50 machine-gun squad. (See par. 117.)
169. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The machine-gun
squad goes out of action in a similar manner to that
prescribed for the caliber .50 machine-gun squad. (See
par. 118.)
SECTION XII
MACHINE-GUN SECTION,
WEAPONS TROOP
170. ORGANIZATION. The machine-gun section con-
sists of a sergeant and two heavy machine-gun squads.
171. CONTROL, a. Section sergeant. The section
sergeant is the leader and sets the direction, gait, and pace
of the section. He is normally^ posted in front of the
leader of his base (left) squad. The leader of the base
squad follows the section leader at 3 yards distance.
b. Guide. The base squad is the guide of the section.
The section leader may place himself in front of the squad
leader of either squad, which then becomes the base.
172. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The forma-
tions and movements are the same as those prescribed
for the light machine-gun section, rifle troop. (See sec.
VI, ch. 2.)
94
SECTION XIII
MACHINE-GUN PLATOON,
WEAPONS TROOP
173. ORGANIZATION. The machine-gun platoon con-
sists of a platoon headquarters and two sections. Platoon
headquarters consists of a platoon leader, a platoon ser-
geant, a file closer sergeant, two intelligence scouts, and
three basics.
174. FORMATIONS. The machine-gun platoon, weap-
ons troop, forms and maneuvers by the same commands
and in the same manner employed in the machine-gun
platoon, rifle troop. (See sec. IX, ch. 2.)
SECTION XIV
MORTAR SQUAD, WEAPONS TROOP
175. ORGANIZATION. The mortar squad consists of
a corporal (squad leader), seven privates, eight riding
horses, three pack horses, one 81-mm mortar and its
ammunition.
176. PACK HORSES. Pack horse No. 1 carries the
weapon complete ; the mortar tube on the left side, the
base plate on the right side, and the bipod on a top
load. Pack horses Nos. 2 and 3 each carry two or three
bundles of shells of six rounds each. For short dis-
tances and at slow gaits, three bundles may be carried.
However, the normal load is two bundles.
95
177. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The mortar
squad forms and maneouvers by the same commands as
the light-machine-gun squad. (See par. 85, with fig. 17.)
178. TO GO INTO ACTION. Being in any formation,
at the command action, the squad immediately executes
column of fours and halts. The squad leader dis-
mounts and turns his horse over to No. 7. Having de-
termined the direction of fire, he takes the aiming stakes
and goes to the position selected for the mortar, placing
himself so that he can direct the initial laying of the gun
in direction. Simultaneously, Nos. 3 and 4 dismount and
secure their horses to the halter rings of the horses of
Nos. 1 and 2, respectively, by the link strap. Nos. 1
and 2 dismount and pass their snaffle reins to the cor-
responding pack horse driver. No. 1 moves to the right
side of pack horse No. 1. He unpacks the base plate
and places it at the point indicated by the corporal, care-
fully oriented in direction. Meanwhile, No. 2 goes to the
left side of pack horse No. 1, passing in rear of No. 5's
horse, and unpacks the tube, which he carries to the
mortar position. At the same time, No. 3 goes to the
right side of pack horse No. 1, passing in front of No. 5,
and unpacks the bipod, which he carries to the mortar
position and passes to No. 1. No. 4 unpacks all bundles
of ammunition on pack horses Nos. 2 and 3. He places
one bundle 1 yard to the right of the base plate and opens
it, removes the shells, and places them on the ground
within reach of No. 2. The remaining bundles are placed
5 yards in rear of the mortar, convenient to No. 2. The
mortar is mounted by Nos. 1 and 3, and positions are
assumed as prescribed in FM 23-90. The pack horses are
conducted to cover, as directed by the squad leader.
179. TO GO OUT OF ACTION, a. To go out of ac-
tion, the squad leader commands: OUT OF ACTION.
96
The mortar is dismounted and the equipment is secured
as prescribed in FM 23-90. When the equipment is to
be replaced in pack, the corporal signals, "bring up the
led horses," and upon arrival of the led horses, com-
mands: PACK. No. 2 packs the bipod. No. 1 packs the
base plate. No. 3 packs the tube. No. 2 replaces loose
shells in the bundles. Then Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive, secure
their horses, mount, and fall in, in column of fours.
b. Care should be taken to equalize the load on the am-
munition horses by placing corresponding numbers of
loads and empties on. each side of horses.
SECTION XV
MORTAR SECTION,
WEAPONS TROOP
180. ORGANIZATION. The mortar section consists of
a sergeant and two 81-mm mortar squads.
181. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The mortar
section forms and is maneuvered by the same commands
and in the same manner as the light-machine-gun section,
rifle troop. (See sec. VI, ch. 2.)
182. TO GO INTO ACTION. The command is: AC-
TION. Having determined the general location for the
mortars and the direction of fire of the section, the sec-
tion sergeant gives this information to the squad leaders.
At the command action, the section sergeant dismounts
and links his horse to the left side of the horse of No. 7
of the base squad. Each squad moves to a position near
the location designated for placing the mortar and goes
into action as prescribed for the squad. (See par. 178.)
97
183. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The section sergeant
signals, "bring up the led horses," and commands : OUT
OF ACTION. Each squad dismounts its mortar, as
prescribed for the squad. Upon arrival of the led. horses,
the section sergeant commands PACK, secures his horse,
and mounts. Each squad packs its equipment and mounts,
as prescribed for the squad. The section assumes the
formation ordered by the section sergeant.
SECTION XVI
MORTAR PLATOON,
WEAPONS TROOP
184. ORGANIZATION. The mortar platoon consists of
a platoon headquarters and two 81-mm mortar sections.
The platoon headquarters includes a platoon leader, a
platoon sergeant, a file closer sergeant, two intelligence
scouts, and four basics.
185. CONTROL. The platoon leader leads the platoon
in direction, gait, and pace. He is normally posted 3
yards in front of the leader of his base (right) section.
186. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The mortar
platoon forms and is maneuvered by the same commands
and in the same manner as the machine-gun platoon,
rifle troop. (See sec. IX, ch. 2.)
187. TO GO INTO ACTION. Having determined the
direction and suitable targets, the platoon leader assembles
the section and squad leaders and assigns missions for
each squad. Each squad goes into action, as prescribed
98
in paragraph 178. The file closer sergeant takes charge
of the led horses, conducting or directing them to cover.
188. TO GO OUT OF ACTION. The platoon leader
initiates this movement by signal or by messenger.
Squads go out of action, as prescribed in paragraph 179.
SECTION XVII
WEAPONS TROOP
189. ORGANIZATION. See the appendix and T/O &
E 2-19 (when published).
190. TROOP HEADQUARTERS. See paragraph 146,
for troop commander, first sergeant, guidon, and bugler.
a. Second-in-command and supply officer. The
senior lieutenant is the second-in-command and supply of-
ficer. He goes wherever the troop commander directs.
b. Rear echelon. The remaining members of troop
headquarters form the rear echelon and when present are
formed into a section. This section is under the command
of the senior noncommissioned officer. In emergencies
or for instructional purposes, members of the rear echelon
may be attached to other platoons to fill vacancies.
191. FORMATIONS. The following are the formations
of the troop :
a. Line. This is a close-order formation in which the
platoons are in line with an interval of 10 yards. The
rear echelon of troop headquarters, in line, is 6 yards in
rear of the right section of the center platoon.
b. Column (column of twos or troopers). This is
a close-order formation in which the platoons in column
99
(column of twos or troopers) are one behind the other
with distances of 3 yards between platoons. If present,
the rear echelon of troop headquarters, in column (column
of twos or troopers), follows the mortar platoon at 3
yards.
C. Column of platoons. This is a close-order forma-
tion in which the platoons are in line and placed one be-
hind the other with distances of 15 yards. The rear
echelon of troop headquarters, if present, follows the right
section of the mortar platoon at 15 yards.
d. Extension in frontage and depth. These are ex-
tended order formations in which the platoons are ar-
ranged with intervals or distances, or both, suitable to the
situation and the terrain. The platoon may be in any pla-
toon formation. Platoons other than the base normally
conform to the formation of the base. The rear echelon
of troop headquarters, if present, follows the base (or
rear) platoon.
192. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS. See paragraph
148.
193. TO FORM THE TROOP. The weapons troop is
formed in the same manner as prescribed for the rifle
troop. (See par. 149.)
194. TO DISMISS THE TROOP. See paragraph 162.
195. TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. line,
2. MARCH. The base platoon, if not already in that
formation, forms line and follows the troop commander,
or moves at the gait of march straight to the front; the
other platoons are conducted by their platoon leaders who
increase the gait if necessary, to their places in line.
When near their places in line each platoon, if not already
in that formation, executes line.
100
196. TO MARCH THE LINE TO THE REAR. The
commands are: 1. platoons to the rear, 2. MARCH.
Each platoon executes a turn of 180° to the left about and
proceeds in the new direction. The squad on the march-
ing flank of each platoon takes the increased gait and
moves slightly forward to clear the line before executing
the turn.
197. TO FORM COLUMN. The commands are: 1.
column, 2. MARCH. The base platoon forms column
and follows the troop commander or moves at the gait of
march straight to the front. The other platoons form
column and are conducted by their leaders, who increase
or decrease the gait if necessary, to their places in column
behind the base platoon. Each of the platoon leaders of
the two rear platoons follows the rear element of the
preceding platoon at 3 yards distance.
198. TO FORM COLUMN OF PLATOONS. The com
mandsare: 1. column of platoons, 2. MARCH. The
base platoon follows the troop commander or moves at the
gait of march straight to the front and, if not already in
that formation, forms line. The other platoons are con-
ducted by their leaders to their places in column behind
the base platoon. When near their places in column, if
not already in that formation, each platoon executes lixe.
Each of the platoon leaders of the two rear platoons fol-
lows the rear element of the preceding platoon at 15 yards
distance.
199. ROUTE ORDER. Route order is executed as in the
platoon.
200. MARCH COLUMN. At the command march,
given when in column of twos or column of troopers, each
platoon executes march column, and the second and
101
third platoons and the rear echelon of troop headquarters
close to a distance of 4 feet. The leader of the first pla-
toon maintains his distance of 6 yards behind the troop
commander.
201. TO EXTEND THE TROOP LATERALLY, a. The
commands are: 1. line of platoons, 2. at (so many)
yards, 3. MARCH.
(1) The base platoon follows the troop commander or
moves straight to the front at the gait of march or the
gait ordered. The other platoons are conducted by their
leaders, at the increased gait, to their places on line with
the base platoon and at the interval ordered.
(2) Each platoon conforms to the gait and formation of
the base platoon or takes such gait or formation which
may be ordered by its leader in order to pass obstacles,
avoid observation, or reduce losses.
b. The troop commander may prescribe the route or
objective of each platoon. For example, he commands: 1.
LINE OF PLATOONS, 2. FIRST PLATOON MOVE UP THAT
gully (pointing), 3. second platoon follow this line
of trees (pointing), 4. THIRD platoon, dismounted,
LEAD ALONG THIS SIDE OF THAT STONE WALL (pointing),
5. ALL PLATOONS HALT THIS SIDE OF THE CREST (point-
ing) , 6. I WILL BE WITH THE SECOND PLATOON, 7. MOVE
OUT. , .
202. TO EXTEND THE TROOP IN DEPTH, a. The
commands are: 1. column of platoons, 2. at (so
many) yards, 3. MARCH. The base platoon follows the
troop commander or moves straight to the front at the
gait of march. It is followed by the other platoons at
the distance ordered. Each platoon conforms to the gait
and formation of the base platoon or takes any gait or
formation which may be ordered by its leader in order
to pass obstacles, avoid observation, or reduce losses.
102
b. The troop commander may designate the point of
assembly before moving out. For example, he com-
mands: 1. COLUMN OF PLATOONS AT (SO MANY) YARDS,
2. AS.SEMBLE IN THAT PATCH OF WOODS (pointing), 3.
ALL MOVE AT A TROT, 4. I WILL BE WITH THE FIRST
platoon, 5. MOVE OUT.
203. TO ASSEMBLE THE TROOP, a. Being extended
laterally or in depth, to assemble the troop the commands
are: 1. assemble, 2. MARCH. At this command, the
normal formation (line) is resumed.
b. If it is desired to assemble the troop in column, the
commands are: 1. assemble in column, 2. MARCH.
The assembly is normally executed at the trot.
SECTION XVIII
TRAIN DEFENSE PLATOON,
SERVICE TROOP
204. ORGANIZATION. The train defense platoon con-
sists of a platoon leader and two sections. Each section
includes two scout cars with armament and crews.
205. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The train
defense platoon forms and maneuvers in a manner similar
to that of the reconnaissance platoon of headquarters
troop. (See sec. XXV, ch. 2.)
103
SECTION XIX
PIONEER AND DEMOLITIONS
SECTION, SERVICE TROOP
206. ORGANIZATION. The pioneer and demolitions
section consists of a section leader (sergeant), three squad
leaders (corporals), ten mechanics (121), and four
drivers.
207. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. Except for
marches and ceremonies (see ch. 3), the pioneer and
demolition section seldom engages in formal drills.
SECTION XX
ADMINISTRATIVE PLATOON,
SERVICE TROOP
208. ORGANIZATION. The administrative platoon con-
sists of the adjutant, the assistant adjutant, the personnel
adjutant, the special services officer, and a group of en-
listed specialists.
209. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. Except for
marches and ceremonies (see ch. 3), the administrative
platoon does not engage in formal drills.
104
SECTION XXI
REGIMENTAL MOTOR
MAINTENANCE PLATOON,
. SERVICE TROOP
210. ORGANIZATION. The regimental motor mainte-
nance platoon includes the motor maintenance officer, the
assistant motor officer, and a group of enlisted specialists.
211. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. Except for
marches and ceremonies (see ch. 3), the regimental motor
maintenance platoon does not engage in formal drills.
SECTION XXII
SUPPLY AND TRANSPORTATION
PLATOON, SERVICE TROOP
212. ORGANIZATION. The supply and transportation
platoon consists of motor elements.
213. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The platoon
is formed and maneuvered as prescribed in FM 22-5.
105
SECTION XXIII
SERVICE TROOP
214. ORGANIZATION. See the appendix and T/O &
E 2-13 (when published).
215. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. For cere
monies or for other occasions when desirable, the troop
may form and maneuver as prescribed in chapter 3.
SECTION XXIV
COMMUNICATIONS PLATOON,
HEADQUARTERS TROOP
216. ORGANIZATION. The communication platoon
consists of both horse and motor elements.
217. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS, a. Motor
elements. When not employed otherwise, motor ele-
ments are attached to, and conform to the movements
of, the transportation platoon (see sec. XXII).
b. Horse elements. Drill movements for the horse
elements of the communication platoon are only to facil-
itate maneuver for the purpose of establishing communi-
cation. The platoon and its sections are formed and
maneuvered as prescribed for the machine-gun squad,
section, and platoon, with the necessary modifications
due to difference in organization, equipment, and mis-
sions.
SECTION XXV
RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON,
HEADQUARTERS TROOP
218. ORGANIZATION. The reconnaissance platoon
consists of a platoon headquarters and two reconnais-
sance sections. The platoon headquarters includes the
platoon leader, the platoon sergeant, two radio operators,
two drivers, and two >^-ton trucks. Each section con-
sists of a section sergeant, two corporals, five drivers,
seven riflemen, one basic and five *4-ton trucks.
219. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS, a. Section.
The section forms either in column or in line.
(1) LINE. Line is a close-order formation in which
the cars of the section are abreast of each other with
the section commander's vehicle in the center. Interval
between vehicles is 5 yards.
(2) COLUMN. Column is a close-order formation in
which the vehicles of the section are arranged one be-
hind the other, with the section commander's vehicle in
front. The distance between vehicles is 5 yards when
halted.
(3) EXTENSIONS IN FRONTAGE AND DEPTH.
These are extended order formations in which the
vehicles are arranged with interval or distance, or both,
suitable to the situation. The section may be in either
column or line.
(4) TO CHANGE FORMATIONS, (a) Being in
line to form column, the commands are: 1. column,
2. MARCH. At this command the section commander's
car continues in the desired direction. The other
vehicles of the section decrease speed until proper dis-
107
tance is gained, and then follow in rear of the section
commander's vehicle.
(b) Being in column to form line, the commands are:
1. line, 2. MARCH. At this command the leading
vehicle moves in the desired direction and the others
move up on the left and right, respectively, of and
abreast of the leading vehicle.
b. Platoon. The following mounted formations are
prescribed for facility in forming and marching the
platoon:.
(1) LINE. Line is a close-order formation in which
the sections in a corresponding formation are abreast of
each other with intervals of 10 yards between sections.
(2) COLUMN. Column is a close-order formation in
which the sections in a corresponding formation are ar-
ranged one behind another with distances, when halted,
of 10 yards between sections.
(3) LINE OF SECTION COLUMNS. This is a close-
order formation in which the sections in colmuri are
abreast of each. other with intervals between sections suffi-
cient to form line.
(4) COLUMN OF SECTIONS. This is a close-order
formation in which the sections in line are arranged one
behind another with distances between sections sufficient
to form line.
(5) PLATOON COMMANDER'S VEHICLE. In all
formations the platoon commander's vehicle takes posi-
tion 25 yards (when halted) ahead of the base element of
the base section.
(6) EXTENSIONS IN FRONTAGE AND DEPTH.
These are extended order formations in which the sec-
tion? are arranged with intervals or distances, or both,
suitable to the situation. The platoon may be in any pre-
scribed platoons formation, the sections other than the
base normally conforming to the formation of the base
section.
108
220. TO FORM COLUMN. The commands are: 1.
column, 2. MARCH.
a. If the platoon is in line the base (right section)
forms column and follows the platoon commander's car
or moves in the direction indicated. The other section
decreases speed until the base section has cleared and
forms column in time to take its place in the platoon
column.
b. If the platoon is in column of sections the sections
form column simultaneously.
C. If the platoon is in line of section columns .the base-
section follows the platoon commander's vehicle or moves
in the indicated direction. The other section decreases
speed until the base section has cleared and then joins the
platoon column.
221. TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. line,
2. MARCH.
a. If the platoon is in column the base section forms
line and follows the platoon commander's vehicle or moves
in the indicated direction. The second section in the
platoon column executes a column half left until the proper
interval is gained and then forms line and moves up
abreast of the base.
b. If the platoon is in line of section columns the sec-
tions form line simultaneously.
C. If the platoon is in column of sections -the -base sec-
tion follows the platoon commander's vehicle or- moves 'in
the indicated direction. The second section in the'pratoon
column executes left oblique and, when it has^gained its
proper interval, moves up abreast of the base.
222. TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS. The com
mands are: 1. column of sections, 2. MARCH.
a. If the platoon is in line the base section follows the
platoon commander's vehicle or moves in the indicated
109
direction. The section other than the base decreases speed
and, when the proper distance is gained, obliques to posi-
tion in rear of the base section.
b. If the platoon is in column, the sections form line
simultaneously.
C. If the platoon is in line of section columns the base
section forms line and follows the platoon commander's
vehicle or moves in the indicated direction. The section
other than the base decreases speed until the proper dis-
tance has been gained, forms line, and obliques to positions
in rear of the base section.
223. TO FORM LINE OF SECTION COLUMNS. The
commands are: 1. line of section columns, 2.
MARCH.
a. If the platoon is in line the sections form column
simultaneously.
b. If the platoon is in column the base section follows
the platoon commander's vehicle or moves in the desired
direction without change in formation. The second sec-
tion in the platoon column obliques to the left until it
gains its proper intervals and then moves up abreast of
the base.
C. If the platoon is in column of sections the base sec-
tion forms column and follows the platoon commander or
moves in the indicated direction. The second section in
the platoon column obliques to the left until it has gained
its proper interval, forms column, and moves up abreast
of the base.
11»
SECTION XXVI
ANTITANK PLATOON,
HEADQUARTERS TROOP
224. ORGANIZATION. The antitank platoon consists of
a platoon headquarters and three sections of two 37-mm
antitank gun squads each. The platoon headquarters con-
sists of a platoon leader, a platoon sergeant, a squad
leader, four truck drivers, a radio operator, three rifle-
men, and five basics. Each section consists of a section
leader, two squad leaders, five drivers, two gunners
(37-mm), and four assistant gunners.
225. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. The antitank
platoon ordinarily does not drill mounted as a unit. It
may, however, form and maneuver in a manner similar to
that of the reconnaissance platoon, headquarters troop (see
sec. XXV).
SECTION XXVII
HEADQUARTERS TROOP
226. ORGANIZATION. See the appendix and T/O &
E 2-12 (when published).
227. TROOP HEADQUARTERS. The troop headquar-
ters includes a- headquarters section and a motor mainte-
nance section.
228. FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS. For cere
monies or other occasions, when desirable, the troop may
be formed and maneuvered as prescribed in chapter 3.
Ill
SECTION XXVIII
RIFLE SQUADRON
229. ORGANIZATION. See the appendix and T/O &
E 2-15 (when published).
230. SQUADRON HEADQUARTERS, a. Squadron
commander. (1) The squadron commander gives his
commands or orders orally, in writing, by bugle or signals,
or communicates them to the proper subordinates by means
of staff officers or messengers.
(2) The commands necessary to effect the formations
enumerated are indicated by the designations of the forma-
tions, for example, the command ( 1 ) line of troop col-
umns of platoons, (2) MARCH; or (1) mass, (2)
MARCH. In special cases, the commands are specifically
prescribed in this manual.
(3) For movements executed by the troop, similar com-
mands are used with proper substitutions. Only those
commands and means that are not, with proper substitu-
tions, the same for the squadron as for the troop, or arc
not plainly indicated in following paragraphs describing
the various formations, are specifically given herein for
the squadron.
(4) The squadron commander may regulate the gait and
direction of march of the squadron by leading it from a
position 12 yards in front of the troop commander of the
base troop. If accompanied by members of the squadron
staff, the 12 yards are measured from rear of those accom-
panying him to the troep commander of the leading or
base troop. The squadron commander may go wherever
his presence is necessary or desirable, directing a subordi-
nate to lead the squadron.
b. Adjutant. The adjutant is posted 2 yards on the
left of the squadron commander and abreast of him.
112
c. Staff officers. Squadron staff officers, other than
the adjutant, ride in line in order of rank from right to
left, the senior 2 yards in rear of the squadron commander
with interval of 2 yards between individuals.
d. Sergeant major. The squadron sergeant major is
posted 2 yards in rear of the adjutant, or in rear of the staff
officer who may be present in rear of the adjutant.
e. Intelligence and operations sergeant. The in-
telligence and operations sergeant is posted abreast and
2 yards to the left of the sergeant major.
f. Bugler. The squadron bugler is posted 2 yards in
rear of the squadron commander or in the rear of the staff
officer who may be present in rear of the squadron com-
mander.
g. Intelligence scouts. The intelligence scouts are
posted in line 2 yards in rear of the noncommissioned
staff, with intervals of 2 yards between individuals.
231. FORMATIONS. The troops of the squadron may
be arranged in any order with respect to one another in
the following formations :
a. Line. Line is a formation in which the troops are
in line and abreast of each other, with a 10-yard interval
between troops. The squadron is rarely deployed in a
single line.
b. Mass. Mass is a formation in which the troops are
each in column of platoons and abreast of each other, with
intervals between troops of 10 yards (See fig. 20.)
c. Line of troop columns. This is a formation in
which the troops are in column of fours and abreast of
each other, with intervals between troops equal to troop
front plus 6 yards. (See fig. 20.)
d. Line of troop columns of platoons. This is a
formation in which the troops are in column of platoons
and abreast of each other, with intervals between troops
equal to the front of two platoons plus 10 yards. (See
fig. 20.)
113
60 YDS
»Z r
JfcZO ^
°20
?o_i
GOOD JOO. OD
LINE OF
TROOP
COLUMNS ,
W K> i/> ,
MASS
10 YDS-^H^J-^-IO YDS
i — i i — -i i — i
c=> c=i i — i
i i i
0000 DODO 0000
Figure 20. Mass, line of troop columns, and line of troop columns
of platoons.
114
e. Line of platoon columns. This is a formation in
which the troops in line of platoon columns are abreast
of each other, with intervals equal to platoon front plus
6 yards.
f. Column of fours, twos, or troopers. This is a
formation in which the troops are in the corresponding
formations, one behind another, with distances of 10 yards
measured from the rear element of one troop to the troop
commander of the troop next in rear.
g. Column of platoons. This is a formation in which
the troops each in column of platoons, are one behind an-
other, with distances of 10 yards measured from the rear
element of the rifle platoon of one troop to the troop
commander of the troop next in rear.
h. Column of troops. This is a formation in which
the troops, each in line, are one behind another with dis-
tances of 60 yards measured from the rear element of
the rifle platoon of one troop to the commander of the
troop next in rear. Column of troops is used only for
ceremonies and inspections.
i. Extensions in frontage and depth. These are ex-
tended order formations in which the troops are arranged
with intervals or distances, or both, suitable to the situa-
tion and terrain. The troops may be in any prescribed
troop formation, those other than the base normally con-
forming to the formation of the base troop.
232. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS, a. The squad
ron executes such movements of the smaller units as are
obviously applicable. The squadron commander may em-
ploy the commands prescribed for the soldier, the squad,
the platoon, and the troop, where applicable. Proper sub-
stitutions in the designations of the units are made where
necessary.
b. In the squadron any formation can be taken from
any other. To execute the necessary movements at the
command of execution, troops move from one formation
115
to another in the most convenient manner. In the pres-
ence of the enemy, troops move in the most direct man-
ner consistent with cover.
C. Having halted in any formation, no movements for
the purpose of correcting minor discrepancies are made,
unless specifically directed by the squadron commander or
necessitated by the conditions of cover.
d. Changes of formation in the several troops are
usually made successively and the proper distances gained
by increasing or decreasing the gaits of the units in rear
of the base.
e. The squadron, in any line formation, habitually
breaks into any column formation in the direction of
march from its base troop in line. The base troop is
indicated by the squadron commander, who rides in front
of its leader, or who indicates it in his command or orders.
The center or right center troop is normally designated
as the base, but the column may be formed on any troop
designated. When breaking into column from a line for-
mation, the order of troops is: the base troop, the next
troop on the left of the base, the next troop on the right
of the base, and so on.
f. A squadron in any column formation habitually forms
in any line formation by a fan-shaped development. The
second troop in column moves up on the left of the base
or leading troop, the third troop in column moves up on
the right of the base troop. When the line is to be
formed facing a direction other than the direction of
march, the head of the column may be turned in the new
direction before deployment is ordered,
233. TO FORM THE SQUADRON. The squadron is
formed normally in mass, but may be formed in any for-
mation.
a. The adjutant informs the troop commanders as to
the place of assembly and the formation. The troops
having been formed and marched to the place of assembly,
116
the adjutant takes post so as to be facing the base troop
of the squadron when formed. Adjustant's call is
sounded, or the adjutant signals, "Assemble." The troops
take position normally in the order of their letter designa-
tions from right to left and from head to rear in column.
The troop commander of the base troop places his troop
in the required formation so that he himself is facing the
adjutant at 12 yards distance. The other troops take their
places with reference to the base.
b. The squadron commander takes post 6 yards in rear
of the adjutant, facing the squadron. When all the troops
are in place, the adjutant faces about and, saluting, re-
ports to the squadron commander, "Sir, the squadron is
formed," and takes his post. The squadron commander
returns the salute of the adjutant and conducts his squad-
ron as desired.
234. TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS FROM LINE
BY WHEELING BY FOURS. The commands are: (1)
COLUMN OF FOURS, (2) FIRST (THIRD) TROOP FOURS RIGHT
(left), (3) MARCH. The first (third) troop executes
COLUMN OF FOURS FIRST (THIRD) PLATOON FOURS RIGHT
(left), as ordered. The machine-gun platoon follows the
rifle platoons at the proper time. Each of the other troops
wheels by fours in the same way in time to follow the
preceding troop at the proper distance.
235. TO MOVE TOWARD A FLANK FOR A SHORT
DISTANCE. The commands are: (1) fours right
(left), (2) MARCH. All troops execute fours right
(or left) as ordered, simultaneously. The machine-gun
platoons do not change their places in line or column, but
execute fours right, or left, as ordered, maintaining the
same relative positions. When sufficient distance to the
flank has been gained, the squadron commander com-
mands: (1) fours left (right), (2) MARCH.
117
236. TO EXTEND THE SQUADRON LATERALLY OR
IN DEPTH, OR BOTH. a. The troops may be arranged
in any formation, such as one behind the other, echeloned
on the center of a flank troop, all troops abreast, or each
troop may be assigned a route or objective.
b. The squadron commander may assemble the troop
commanders, explain the situation, and order any forma-
tion he desires, or he may send instructions to the troop
commanders by messenger.
c. In order to expedite the tactical handling of the
squadron and to avoid complicated commands, frequently
used formations may be adopted as standard within the
squadron and be given suitable designations, meanings of
which are understood by the subordinate leaders.
237. TO ATTACK. When speed is essential, the squad-
ron commander indicates an objective to each troop com-
mander in turn, and directs, "Move out." As each troop
moves out, the squadron commander and those accom-
panying him join the next troop to be launched similarly
in the direction and at the moment desired. When time
permits, the squadron commander assembles the troop
commanders, explains the situation, and assigns tactical
missions to the troops, adding such details as are neces-
sary to secure coordination of effort.
238. THE ASSEMBLY, a. The squadron is assembled
when the troops of the squadron are united in any author-
ized close-order formation of the squadron. The assembly
is executed in mass unless the squadron commander in-
dicates some other formation, in which case the indication
is given as the troops approach the squadron commander's
position and sufficiently in advance so that each troop
commander can lead his troop to its proper position.
b. The squadron commander selects the base troop and
indicates it in his orders, or by placing himself in front
of it and causing it to form in the desired formation and
118
to face in the desired direction. The assembly of the
squadron is effected according to the principles that govern
the assembly of the troop. Each troop is assembled by its
troop commander before taking its place in the squadron.
C. The squadron does not rally. If necessary, however,
the captains may rally their troops in order to effect a
very rapid squadron assembly.
239. TO DISMISS THE SQUADRON. The squadron
commander commands: DISMISS YOUR TROOPS.
Commissioned and noncommissioned staff officers fall
out. The squadron headquarters detachment, if present
as a unit, is marched to the proper place by the senior
present, and dismissed. Troop commanders conduct their
troops to their proper places and dismiss them.
SECTION XXIX
REGIMENT
240. ORGANIZATION, a. See the appendix and T/O
& E 2-11 (when published).
b. The squadrons retain their permanent administrative
designations, which have no connection with their tem-
porary designations according to their positions when in
line or in column.
241. REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS, a. The regi
mental commander gives his commands or orders orally,
in writing, by bugle, by signal, or communicates them to
his subordinate commanders by means of staff officers or
messengers. Commands or orders are given to the squad-
ron commanders who execute them.
b. If the regimental commander's orders are transmit-
ted by messenger, the messenger uses the formula:
"Regimental commander's orders, sir," and then repeats
119
the message in the exact words in which he received it,
or delivers the message if it is a written one.
C. The regimental commander signals, "Attention," or
causes it to be sounded preparatory to giving an oral
command or signal. When the regiment is in more than
one line, if the movement is to be executed by one line
only, that line is specified in the preparatory command.
d. The regimental commander, when leading his regi-
ment, is habitually posted 24 yards in front of the leader
of the base squadron.
e. When the regimental commander is accompanied by
any members of the headquarters or service troops the
distance is measured from the commander of the leading
squadron to the rear element of the group accompanying
the regimental commander. When not leading, the regi-
- mental commander goes wherever his presence is neces-
sary, leaving instructions with the senior officer present
as to the direction, gait, or other necessary details.
f. The executive officer, except at ceremonies, is nor-
mally posted on the regimental commander's left.
g. At all regimental formations, except as may be pro-
vided for ceremonies, the staff officers are posted in line
in order of rank from right to left, the senior 3 yards
in rear of the regimental commander. When the regiment
is in column of fours, twos, or troopers, the staff group
takes a similar formation, or forms as directed by the
regimental commander.
h. Noncommissioned staff officers and messengers are
posted in line in order of rank from right to left 3 yards
in rear of the line of staff officers. When in column of
fours, twos, or troopers, this group forms in rear of the
staff officers with a distance of 4 feet from head to croup.
242. FORMATIONS. The formations of the regiment
are as follows :
120
a. Line of masses. This is a formation in which the
squadrons are in mass and abreast of each other, with a
20-yard interval between squadrons.
b. Column of masses. This is a formation in which
each squadron is in mass, one behind the other, with dis-
tances of 20 yards between squadrons.
C. Line of squadrons. This is a formation in which
the regiment is deployed with squadrons abreast or ech-
eloned as prescribed in orders of the regimental com-
mander. Intervals and distances are prescribed by the
regimental commander's orders. Squadrons are in any of
the prescribed formations as may be determined by the
squadron commanders or ordered by the regimental com-
mander.
d. Column of squadrons. This is the formation in
which the squadrons are one behind the other in any
prescribed formation. The distance between squadrons is
20 yards, except in column of troops, where the distance
between squadrons is 40 yards.
e. Extensions. Extensions in frontage and depth are
extended order formations for tactical purposes, in which
the squadrons are arranged with intervals or distances
suitable to the situation and terrain. Squadrons may be
in any prescribed squadron formation.
243. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS. The regiment
executes such movements of smaller units as are obviously
applicable, using corresponding methods. The regimental
commander may employ commands similar to those used
for smaller units wherever they are applicable, making
proper substitutions wherever necessary. A squadron,
while awaiting the completion of a movement by other
squadrons, may be permitted by its squadron commander
to stand at ease. In order to expedite the tactical handling
of the regiment and to avoid complicated commands,
frequently used formations may be adopted as standard
121
within the regiment. These are given suitable designations
the meanings of which are understood by the subordinate
commanders.
244. TO FORM THE REGIMENT. The regiment is
formed normally in line of masses or column of masses,
but may be formed in any formation. The executive
officer, or staff officer acting as such, informs the squadron
commanders as to the time and place of assembly and
what the formation is to be. The squadrons having been
formed and marched to the place of assembly, the exec-
utive officer takes post so as to be facing the base squadron
of the regiment when formed. Regimental call, followed
by assembly, is sounded, or the executive officer signals,
"Assembly." The squadrons take position in the order
prescribed by the regimental commander. The com-
mander of the base squadron places his squadron in the
required formation so that he is facing the executive officer
at 24 yards distance. The other squadrons take their
proper places with reference to the base. Any squadron
may be selected as the base. The regimental commander
takes post 6 yards in rear of the executive officer, facing
the regiment. When the squadrons are in place, the ex-
ecutive officer faces about and, saluting, reports to the
regimental commander "Sir, the regiment is formed," and
takes his post. The regimental commander returns the
salute of the executive officer and conducts his regiment
as desired.
245. TO DISMISS THE REGIMENT. The regimental
commander commands: DISMISS YOUR SQUAD-
RONS. Commissioned and noncommissioned staff
officers fall out. Any organized detachment from the
headquarters or service troop is conducted by its leader
to the proper place and dismissed. Squadron commanders
and separate troop commanders conduct their commands
to the proper places and dismiss them.
122
CHAPTER 3
CEREMONIES AND INSPECTIONS
SECTION I
GENERAL PROVISIONS AND
INITIAL FORMATIONS
246. GENERAL, a. The purpose of ceremonies, includ-
ing inspections, is to promote a high state of morale, pre-
serve tradition, render honors, or exhibit the state of
training and efficiency of a command. Other than for
necessary practice, ceremonies should be held only when
the occasion for them is apparent and appropriate.
b. Cavalry ceremonies should be mounted whenever
possible. Dismounted ceremonies are conducted as pre-
scribed in FM 22-5, with the modifications necessary be-
cause of differences in organization and eq
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