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Principal Investigator: Jimi Huh
Organization: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $712,927
Funding agency: National Institute on Drug Abuse
ABSTRACT. Structural and social inequities have historically impacted the health and wellbeing of Black,
Indigenous and Persons of Color (BIPOC) in the United States, resulting in health disparities that were
exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which coincided with a surge of discriminatory events and hate
crimes targeting minority groups. Emerging research shows that substance use, especially polysubstance use
(PSU), is increasing as a means to cope with the range of stressors and psychological consequences among
BIPOC adults. The extent to which PSU as a maladaptive coping process unfolds and accumulates in the
current context of the pandemic and racial injustice to perpetuate and potentially expand addiction-related
disparities is unknown. Furthermore, the impact of coping responses, resources and resilience factors on these
processes has not been extensively studied in all BIPOC subgroups. In the current proposal, we aim to capture
the nature of daily variation in acute perceived discrimination and to examine how these variations influence
PSU, with emphasis on evaluating predictors of resilience to stress. This information is critical to inform the
design of context-sensitive interventions tailored to momentary circumstances in addition to person-level
variables to prevent maladaptive coping strategies, including PSU. Building on our current user-centered,
smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) app, we propose to conduct an exploratory-sequential
mixed methods study. In Aim 1, we will use 6-9 focus groups (FGs; N~70) to better understand discrimination
experience and coping resources in the context of intersectionality of race/ethnicity and gender in relation to
PSU to inform context-sensitive EMA, refined during a pilot EMA phase. Subsequently, BIPOC adults who co-
use 2+ substances (N=270) will be recruited through targeted digital ads, and will complete 7-day EMA every 3
months over 4 waves. In Aim 2, a cross-over, within-subject, repeated measure, observational EMA design
will be used, and multi-level logistic regression models will be developed to determine the within-person effects
of perceived discrimination on PSU and identify the underlying mechanisms. In Aim 3, we will model the
prospective association between changes in discrimination and PSU using the multi-wave EMA data to
examine the longitudinal effects of perceived discrimination contexts on changes in PSU among BIPOC adults.
IMPACT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-wave EMA study that uses a social-ecological
framework and a novel, culturally appropriate, real-time assessment design to determine the impact of day-to-
day discrimination and PSU in BIPOC adults. We expect our study to uncover micro-temporal etiologies of
PSU disparities across BIPOC adults that will inform future targeted interventions to ameliorate the effects of
acute perceived discrimination on PSU and reduce addiction-related burdens disproportionately affecting
BIPOC, an urgent aspect of post-pandemic recovery.
Terms: <21+ years old><Acculturation><Acute><Address><Adult><Adult Human><Adverse effects><Affect><African American><African American group><African American individual><African American people><African American population><African Americans><Afro American><Afroamerican><Alcohol Chemical Class><Alcohols><American><Android App><Android Application><Asian Americans><Attention><BIPOC><Black, Indigenous, People of Color><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><COVID pandemic><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 era><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 pandemic><COVID-19 period><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID-19 years><Causality><Cell Phone><Cell Phone Application><Cell phone App><Cellular Phone><Cellular Phone App><Cellular Phone Application><Cellular Telephone><Cessation of life><Cigarette><Cognitive Discrimination><Color><Communities><Coping Skills><Cultural Assimilation><Data><Death><Discrimination><Disparities><Disparity><Ecological momentary assessment><Electronic Nicotine Delivery Product><Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems><Electronic cigarette><Environment><Ethnic Origin><Ethnicity><Etiology><Event><Focus Groups><Future><Gender><Health><Hispanic Americans><Immigration><Individual><Individuals from minority><Individuals of minority><Inequity><Intercept><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><Life Expectancy><Logistic Regressions><Marijuana><Measurement><Measures><Methods><Minority Groups><Minority People><Minority Population><Minority individual><Mobile Phones><Modeling><Nature><Outcome><Pacific Islander><Pain><Painful><Participant><Personal Satisfaction><Persons><Phase><Play><Police><Policies><Population><Process><Public Health><Questionnaires><Race><Races><Racial Group><Racial injustice><Recovery><Reporting><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><Role><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><Smart Phone App><Smart Phone Application><Smartphone App><Stress><Structural Racism><Subgroup><Substance Addiction><Substance Dependence><Testing><Time><Tobacco Consumption><Tobacco use><United States><Variant><Variation><addiction><addictive disorder><adult of color><adulthood><aged><assessment app><assessment application><causation><cell phone based app><co-morbid><co-morbidity><combustible cigarette><comorbidity><conventional cigarette><coping><coping mechanism><coping strategy><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><design><designing><digital><disease causation><disparity in health><e-cig><e-cigarette><ecig><ecigarette><electronic nicotine delivery device><electronic nicotine distribution system><experience><experienced discrimination><group of color><hate crimes><health disparity><high risk><iOS app><iOS application><iPhone><iPhone App><iPhone Application><improved><individual of color><infection rate><intersectionalities><intersectionality><interventional strategy><marihuana><microaggression><mobile phone app><multiple substance use><multisubstance use><novel><pandemic><pandemic disease><pandemic effect><pandemic impact><pandemic outcome><pandemic repercussions><people of color><perceived discrimination><perception of discrimination><person of color><poly substance use><polysubstance use><population of color><post-pandemic><prevent><preventing><prospective><psychologic><psychological><racial><racial background><racial origin><racial population><racial subgroup><racism><rate of infection><recruit><resilience><resilience factor><resiliency factor><resilient><response><self-reported discrimination><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><smart phone><smartphone><smartphone application><smartphone based app><smartphone based application><social><social role><social stress><social stresses><social stressor><socially stressed><stress buffering><stress management><stressor><substance use><substance using><theories><tobacco product use><traditional cigarette><well-being><wellbeing>