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Principal Investigator: JAMES G. MURPHY
Organization: UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $347,932
Funding agency: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Brief alcohol interventions (BAI) are among the most cost-effective preventive care measures available and the
evaluation of these interventions with high-risk and difficult-to-reach populations is an NIAAA priority. Although
emerging adults (EAs) who attend college often have access to brief alcohol interventions (BAIs), there is a
critical need to enhance both the efficacy and potential for dissemination of these approaches with high-risk
non-student EAs. EAs who are not 4-year college students or graduates report higher levels of alcohol-related
problems, greater levels of comorbid drug use and mental health symptoms, and higher risk for chronic alcohol
use disorder compared to college graduates. Most BAIs include a single session focused explicitly on
discussing risks associated with drinking and correcting normative beliefs about drinking rates without
addressing the reasons why EAs may drink, including stress and limited behavioral alternatives to drinking.
Because many EAs who do not graduate from college are socially and economically marginalized, an
approach that encourages them to drink less without providing the tools to reduce stress and develop mood-
enhancing behavioral substitutes to drinking or drug use is unlikely to be successful. The Substance-Free
Activity Session (SFAS) attempts to increase engagement goal-directed activities that might provide
alternatives to alcohol use and also includes strategies for coping with stress/depression. The two-session
(plus booster) BAI+SFAS approach has demonstrated efficacy for reducing both alcohol use/problems and
depressive symptoms in two randomized clinical trials with college EAs and may be a more promising
approach than single-session BAIs for higher-risk non-student EAs. Two critical next steps are to: 1) evaluate
the BAI+SFAS with non-student EAs, and 2) determine if a two-session Relaxation Training (RT) +SFAS
approach, which would enhance wellness and address two synergistic risk factors for alcohol misuse,
demonstrates similar efficacy as the BAI+SFAS intervention. If so, this wellness-based approach may have
greater potential for dissemination than approaches that include a BAI because the session content may be
more appealing to EAs (managing stress and increasing positive activities). Thus, the primary goal of the
proposed study is to establish the efficacy of these novel BAI approaches with high-risk community dwelling
EAs, and a secondary goal is to identify factors that may increase potential for dissemination. We will conduct
a randomized 3-group (BAI+SFAS vs. RT+SFAS vs. education control) trial with 525 EAs (175 per group;
estimated 50% women & 50% African American) who report recent heavy drinking and who are not students or
graduates of 4-year colleges. Outcomes will be assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. We
hypothesize that at follow-up both BAI+SFAS and RT+SFAS participants will report significantly greater
reductions in alcohol use and problems relative to education control participants, with no differences in
outcomes between the two active treatment conditions.
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