Contextual indicators Regional average Income Gr oup average Labour for ce par ticipation - NA Vulnerable employment (2022) 24% Share of youth not in employment, educat ion, or training (NEET)- NA Unemployment rate (2022) 5% Unemployment rate among workers w ith bas ic edu.- NA Unemployment rate among workers w ith advanced edu.- NASecondar y Educat ion Atta inment(2019) 94% Tertiary Educat ion Atta inment - NA Ease of ﬁnd ing sk illed employees in local labour market(2024) 4 Fill vacanc ies by h iring for eign labour(2024) 4 Countr y investment in mid-car eer training(2022) 3 Jobs and Skills outlook 19% Global 22% Labour-market churn Five-year structural labour -force chur n40% Global 39% Skill disruption Shares of cor e skills wh ich w ill change69% Global 83% Organizations with DEI priorities Share of organ izations w ith DEI pr iorities63% Global 88% AI exposure Share of organ izations runn ing AI pr ogrammes Trend outlook Macrotrends driving business transformation Share of organ izations surveyed that ident iﬁed th is trend as l ikely to dr ive transfor mation in the ir organ ization Economy Global Broaden ing d igital access58% 60% Rising cost of l iving, h igher prices or inﬂat ion49% 50% Slower econom ic growth35% 42% Increased focus on labour and social issues31% 46% Increased gover nment subs idies and industr ial pol icy30% 21% Increased effor ts and investments to r educe carbon…29% 47%Increased geopol itical d ivision and conﬂicts29% 34% Increased r estrictions to global trade and investment25% 23% Growing work ing-age populat ions25% 24% Increased effor ts and investments to adapt to cl imate …21% 41% Stricter ant i-trust and compet ition regulat ions21% 17% Ageing and decl ining work ing- age populat ions20% 40% Technology trends Technology trends driving business transformation Share of organ izations surveyed that ident ify the technology tr end as l ikely to dr ive bus iness transfor mation Economy Global AI and information pr ocess ing technolog ies (b ig data, VR, AR…65% 86% Energy generat ion, storage and distribution54% 41% Robots and autonomous systems44% 58% New mater ials and compos ites37% 30% Semiconductors and comput ing technolog ies15% 20%Sens ing, laser and opt ical technolog ies11% 18% Satell ites and space technolog ies10% 9% Quantum and encr yption8% 12% Biotechnology and gene technolog ies8% 11% Jobs outlook Key roles for business transformation Roles most selected by organ izations surveyed, or dered by net r ole gr owth, and the ir net gr owth and structural chur n (per cent) Net growth Job Gr owth Job d isplacement Net Gr owth Global net gr owth 1.Net gr owth 2.Global net gr owth 3.Chur n NET GROWTH 1. 2. 3. AI and Mach ine Lear ning Spec ialists39 8239 Energy Eng ineers 9 1810 Accountants and A uditors 6 -821 Lawyers -5 211 Account ing, Bookkeep ing and Payroll Clerks-14 -1815 Adm inistrat ive Ass istants and Execut ive Secr etaries-14 -2015Skill outlook Skills of increasing use by 2030 Skills of the most increase in use by 2030 Economy Global CORE SKILLS OF 2025 Analyt ical th inking 71% Resilience, ﬂex ibility and ag ility 70% Leadersh ip and soc ial inﬂuence 64% Creative th inking 64% Motivation and self-awar eness 59%SKILLS OF INCREASING USE BY 2030 AI and b ig data 83% Networks and cybersecur ity 74% Multi-lingual ism 64% Environmental stewar dship 59% Technolog ical literacy 58%1 / 2 Economy Proﬁle KazakhstanWorking Age Population (Millions) N/A INDICA TORS min max INDICA TORS min max -100% 100% 0 Future of Jobs Report 2025 160