Endnotes 1. lnternational Monetary Fund (IMF), “Policy Pivot, Rising Threats”, World Economic Outlook, October 2024, 2024, https:// www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/10/22/world-economic-outlook-october-2024. 2. International Labour Office, Trends Econometric Models (ilo.org/wesodata) – Accessed December 2024. 3. Stanford University Human Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, AI Index Report 2024, AI Index, 2024, https://aiindex. stanford.edu/report/#individual-chapters. 4. World Economic Forum, Leveraging Generative AI for Job Augmentation and Workforce Productivity, 2024. 5. Bonney, K., C. Breaux, C. Buffington, E. Dinlersoz, L Foster, N. Goldschlog, J. Haltiwanger, Z. Kroff and J. Savage, Tracking Firm Use of AI in Real Time: A Snapshot from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey, US Census Bureau, 2024, https://www.census.gov/hfp/btos/downloads/CES-WP-24-16.pdf; European Commission, “Use of artificial intelligence in enterprises”, Eurostat database, 2024, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Use_of_ artificial_intelligence_in_enterprises#Enterprises_using_artificial_intelligence_technologies . 6. Liu, Yan and He Wang, Who on Earth is Using Generative AI?, Policy Research Working Paper 10870, World Bank, 2024, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099720008192430535/pdf/ IDU15f321eb5148701472d1a88813ab677be07b0.pdf?_gl=1*wbws3r*_gcl_au*MTU0NTEyMjkyNS4xNzE5OTk5MDg0. 7. Brynjolfsson, Erik, Danielle Li and Lindsey Raymond, “Generative AI at Work”, arxiv.org, 6 November 2024, https://arxiv. org/abs/2304.11771. 8. Noy, Shakked and Whitney Zhang, “Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence”, Science, vol. 381, no. 6654, 2023, pp. 187–192. 9. Dell’Acqua, Fabrizio, Edward McFowland III, Ethan R. Mollick, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Katherine Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, François Candelon and Karim R. Lakhani, “Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality “, Harvard Business School Technology & Operations Mgt. Unit Working Paper No. 24-013, Harvard Business School, 2023, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=457332.1. 10. Autor, David, “Applying to Rebuild Middle-Class Jobs”, NBER Working Paper 32140, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w32140/w32140.pdf. 11. Equality Debate: Power and Progress, with Daron Acemoglu”, World Inequality Lab, 6 November 2023. 12. If AI significantly complements human labour, particularly in certain occupations, it could lead to productivity surges, higher growth, and potentially higher incomes for most workers. This productivity boost might offset some of the negative effects of job displacement by AI. Cazzaniga et al. (2024) Gen-AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work, IMF Staff Discussion Notes SDN/2024/001. 13. Industrial Federation of Robots (IFR), World Robotics-Industrial Robots, https://ifr.org/wr-industrial-robots/ – Accessed December 2024. 14. Industrial Federation of Robots (IFR), Global Robot Density in Factories Doubled in Seven Years [Press release], 20 November 2024, https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/global-robot-density-in-factories-doubled-in-seven-years. 15. Industrial Federation of Robots (IFR), World Robotics: Industrial Robots 2023:Statistics, Market Analysis, Forecasts, and Case Studies, 2023, https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/Executive_Summary_WR_Industrial_Robots_2023.pdf. 16. World Economic Forum, Chief Economists Outlook 2024, 2024, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Chief_ Economists_Outlook_September_2024.pdf. 17. International Monetary Fund (IMF), “Policy Pivot, Rising Threats”, World Economic Outlook, October 2024, 2024, https:// www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/10/22/world-economic-outlook-october-2024. 18. Ibid. 19. International Monetary Fund (IMF), “Policy Pivot, Rising Threats”, World Economic Outlook, October 2024, 2024, https:// www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/10/22/world-economic-outlook-october-2024. 20. World Trade Organization (WTO), “WTO: Trade Monitoring Latest Trends”, The Trade Monitoring Update, August 7, 2024, https://tmdb-storage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/TPRD_Trade_Monitoring_Update_Jul-2024_EN.pdf. 21. International Monetary Fund (IMF), “Policy Pivot, Rising Threats”, World Economic Outlook, October 2024, 2024, https:// www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/10/22/world-economic-outlook-october-2024. 22. Aiyar,Shekhar, Jiaqian Chen, Christian H Ebeke, Roberto Garcia-Saltos, Tryggvi Gudmundsson, Anna Ilyina, Alvar Kangur, Tansaya Kunaratskul, Sergio L. Rodriguez, Michele Ruta, Tatjana Schulze, Gabriel Soderberg and Juan P Trevino, Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism, Staff Discussion Notes, International Monetary Fund (IMF), 15 January 2023, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2023/01/11/Geo-Economic- Fragmentation-and-the-Future-of-Multilateralism-527266. 23. Bolhuis, Martin A., Hamza Mighri, Henry Rawlings, Ivanova Reyes and Qianqian Zhang, “How Vulnerable is Sub-Saharan Africa to Geoeconomic Fragmentation?”, IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund (IMF), 11 January 2023, Future of Jobs Report 2025 95