Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025

2 The Forum’s survey of aviation executives asked them to rank the immediate risks directly affecting progress on aviation decarbonization, according to their impact. Three main groups of challenges were identified around technology, policy and geopolitics and sustainability (see Figure 4). Sustainability risks SAF availability and incentives remain top priority, as momentum for other levers reduces. FIGURE 4 Availability/cost of SAF1 Implementation of CORSIA3 Traceability of sustainability criteria for SAF feedstocks4 Effectiveness of carbon pricing and emissions trading schemes5 Availability and cost of green electricity, hydrogen and infrastructure6 Availability of hydrogen and battery-electric aircraft7 Geographical concentration of resources8 Greenwashing and consumer scepticism9 Availability of carbon dioxide removals and out-of-sector carbon offsets 10 Technology Policy and geopolitics SustainabilityAlignment of SAF policy across regions and longevity of subsidies2Top 10 aviation-specific risks affecting decarbonization progress Source: World Economic Forum industry survey. Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025 10