Global Risks Report 2025

Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) TABLE C.2 Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Albania 1 st Involuntary migration 2 nd Labour and/or talent shortage 3 rd Crime and illicit economic activity 4 th Insufficient public services and social protections 5 th Inequality (wealth, income) Algeria 1 st Inflation 2 nd Water supply shortage 3 rd Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 4 th Cyber insecurity 5 th Infectious diseases (COVID-19, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria etc.) Angola 1 st Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Inflation 4 th Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 5 th Public debt Argentina 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 3 rd Inflation 4 th Public debt 5 th Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity Armenia 1 st Armed conflict (interstate, intrastate, proxy wars, coups etc.) 2 nd Involuntary migration 3 rd Misinformation and disinformation 4 th Labour and/or talent shortage 5 th Geoeconomic confrontation (sanctions, tariffs, investment screening etc.) Australia 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Energy supply shortage 3 rd Inflation 4 th Food supply shortage 5 th Labour and/or talent shortage Austria 1 st Labour and/or talent shortage 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Societal polarization 4 th Cyber insecurity 5 th Extreme weather events (floods, heatwaves etc.) Azerbaijan 1 st Adverse outcomes of artificial intelligence technologies 2 nd Pollution (air, water, soil) 3 rd Misinformation and disinformation 4 th Inflation 5 th Involuntary migration Bahrain 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Inflation 3 rd Labour and/or talent shortage 4 th Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 5 th Cyber insecurity Bangladesh 1 st Inflation 2 nd Extreme weather events (floods, heatwaves etc.) 3 rd Pollution (air, water, soil) 4 th Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 5 th Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) Belgium 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Involuntary migration 3 rd Inflation 4 th Public debt 5 th Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Inflation 3 rd Intrastate violence (civil strikes, riots) 4 th Public debt 5 th Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 st Labour and/or talent shortage 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Inflation 4 th Intrastate violence (civil strikes, riots) 5 th Armed conflict (interstate, intrastate, proxy wars, coups etc.) Botswana 1 st Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 2 nd Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 3 rd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 4 th Food supply shortage 5 th Inflation Brazil 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Public debt 3 rd Labour and/or talent shortage 4 th Extreme weather events (floods, heatwaves etc.) 5 th Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) Global Risks Report 2025 83