Global Risks Report 2025

Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) TABLE C.2 Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Brunei Darussalam 1 st Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 2 nd Labour and/or talent shortage 3 rd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 4 th Inflation 5 th Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) Bulgaria 1 st Inflation 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 4 th Labour and/or talent shortage 5 th Pollution (air, water, soil) Cameroon 1 st Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 2 nd Inflation 3 rd Armed conflict (interstate, intrastate, proxy wars, coups etc.) 4 th Energy supply shortage 5 th Chronic health conditions and decline in well-being Canada 1 st Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 2 nd Labour and/or talent shortage 3 rd Inflation 4 th Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 5 th Adverse outcomes of artificial intelligence technologies 5 th Misinformation and disinformation Cape Verde 1 st Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 2 nd Labour and/or talent shortage 3 rd Unemployment or lack of economic opportunity 4 th Inflation 5 th Public debt Chad 1 st Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 2 nd Water supply shortage 3 rd Energy supply shortage 4 th Food supply shortage 5 th Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 5 th Private debt (corporate, household) Chile 1 st Crime and illicit economic activity 1 st Societal polarization 3 rd Involuntary migration 4 th Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 5 th Intrastate violence (civil strikes, riots) Colombia 1 st Armed conflict (interstate, intrastate, proxy wars, coups etc.) 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Intrastate violence (civil strikes, riots) 4 th Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 5 th Societal polarization Costa Rica 1 st Crime and illicit economic activity 2 nd Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 3 rd Public debt 4 th Insufficient public services and social protections 5 th Water supply shortage Côte D'Ivoire 1 st Armed conflict (interstate, intrastate, proxy wars, coups etc.) 2 nd Poverty and inequality (wealth, income) 3 rd Intrastate violence (civil strikes, riots) 4 th Public debt 5 th Inflation Croatia 1 st Labour and/or talent shortage 2 nd Extreme weather events (floods, heatwaves etc.) 3 rd Inflation 4 th Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 5 th Asset bubble burst Cyprus 1 st Involuntary migration 2 nd Labour and/or talent shortage 3 rd Inflation 4 th Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 5 th Private debt (corporate, household) Czechia 1 st Labour and/or talent shortage 2 nd Economic downturn (e.g. recession, stagnation) 3 rd Misinformation and disinformation 4 th Public debt 5 th Societal polarization Global Risks Report 2025 84