PHSSR Policy Roadmaps for Acting Early on NCDs Synthesis Report 2025

19 Acting early on NCDs The Partnership for Health System Sustainability and ResilienceReport structure The report is organised into four main parts across eleven chapters. The report is designed to be read either sequentially for a comprehensive understanding or selectively for specific topics of interest. Chapters 2 – 10 include policy levers derived from the evidence presented. Cross-cutting themes – particularly equity, implementation challenges, and the gap between evidence and practice – appear throughout all sections. Part I: Population Health Chapter 1 examines the current state of NCDs across the eight countries, analysing disease burden, risk factors, and health inequalities. This establishes the epidemiological foundation for understanding where early intervention is most needed. Part II: The Care Continuum follows the patient journey through the health system Chapter 2 explores primary prevention and population health promotion Chapter 3 examines secondary prevention: screening, and early detection programmes Chapter 4 analyses tertiary prevention: referral pathways Chapter 5 addresses tertiary prevention: treatment and disease management Part III: System Enablers examines the foundational elements that prevention, diagnosis, and management of NCDs Chapter 6 analyses governance structures and accountability mechanisms Chapter 7 explores financing models and resource allocation Chapter 8 examines workforce capacity and development needs Chapter 9 addresses medicines, technologies, and digital health infrastructure Chapter 10 considers environmental sustainability and climate resilience Part IV: Synthesis and Conclusions Chapter 11 draws together insights from across the report to identify common challenges, promising practices, and opportunities for transformation