Resilient Economies Strategies for Sinking Cities and Flood Risks 2025

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99. Tokyo Water. (n.d.). Water purification plants. https://www.tokyowater.co.jp/en/service/plant/. 100. Reuters. (2024). Tokyo Expands Underground ‘Temple’ Complex to Counter Climate Change Rains. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/climate-change-japan-rain/. 101. Giuroiu, A. (2024). How Tokyo Built World’s Largest Underground Water Tank for Flood Protection. Architecture Lab. https://www.architecturelab.net/tokyo-has-the-largest-underground-water-tank-in-the-world/. 102. C40 Cities. (n.d.). Nature Conservation Ordinance is Greening Tokyo’s Buildings. https://www.c40.org/case-studies/nature- conservation-ordinance-is-greening-tokyo-s-buildings/#:~:text=The%20Nature%20Conservation%20Ordinance%2C%20 passed%20in%202001%2C,million%20square%20meters%20of%20greenery%20by%202016. 103. Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2012). Tokyo Green Action Plan (Version 3). https://www.english.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ documents/d/english/green_action_ver3_english. 104. 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Environmental Research and Public Health. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6696418/. 114. Ibid. 115. Xu, Y. (2016). Sponge Cities: An Answer to Floods. CWRRR. https://cwrrr.org/resources/analysis-reviews/sponge-cities- an-answer-to-floods/. 116. Jiayun, K. (2021). Shanghai banking on sponge parks to become city of ecology. City News Service. https://www.shine.cn/news/in-focus/2110146376/. 117. Koster, K., Stafleu, J., & Stouthamer, E. (2018). Differential subsidence in the urbanised coastal-deltaic plain of the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, vol. 97, pp. 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2018.11. 118. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2024, 26 September). How to save a sinking city. https://www.preventionweb.net/news/how-save-sinking-city. 119. Rotterdam Climate Initiative. (2013). Rotterdam Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/uploads/RCI_-RAS_UK_-DEF.pdf. 120. Ibid. 121. C40 Cities. (n.d.). C40 Good Practice Guides: Rotterdam – Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. https://www.c40.org/ case-studies/c40-good-practice-guides-rotterdam-climate-change-adaptation-strategy/. 122. German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) Research. (2022). Resilience through placemaking: Public spaces in Rotterdam’s climate adaptation approach. https://www.idos-research.de/discussion-paper/article/resilience- through-placemaking-public-spaces-in-rotterdams-climate-adaptation-approach/. 123. Urban Green Blue Grids. (2025). Rotterdam Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/ uploads/RCI_-RAS_UK_-DEF.pdf. 124. Mariano, C., Marino, M. (2020). Sustainable urban project: the role of public spaces in adapting cities to the effects of climate change. Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa. https://upcommons.upc.edu/entities/publication/ c38931d2-7d33-447b-9fd4-07503c58401d. 125. Public Space. (2013). “Water Square” in Benthemplein. https://www.publicspace.org/works/-/project/h034-water-square- in-benthemplein. 126. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (n.d.). Rotterdam Climate Proof. https://unfccc.int/ files/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/application/pdf/rotterdam_climate_proof.pdf. Resilient Economies: Strategies for Sinking Cities and Flood Risks 47
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