as a hierarchy, but rather to show how vital levers of influence exist and should be deployed at the individual, peer-to-peer, institutional and regulatory levels. It encourages dialogue with, and support for, a greater diversity of actors in the fight against disinformation and a recognition of how trust and power are distributed from the grassroots through to government. –Tackling supply- and demand-side dynamics. The model considers the problem of disinformation through both supply and demand: those who deliberately create or amplify such content and those who consume it. It recognizes that consumption itself can be wilful or unwitting, and how interventions might effectively tackle each scenario. Disinformation can serve to convince people of something false, but it may also serve as a pretext for their existing beliefs or biases – a pattern clearly observed when disinformers offer more convenient stories to explain complex (and often distressing) realities. The model also addresses the “marketplaces” for ideas and how they can motivate, reward or drive certain behaviours and activity while prejudicing others. –Mapping current interventions and where gaps persist. The model allows anyone engaged in countering disinformation to contextualize their efforts and frame objectives within a greater whole. This can help in shaping a unified theory of change and forging more effective links between projects and policies. In the process, it should also serve to expose areas where greater resource is urgently needed, whether financial or human. The information resilience mapping model FIGURE 1 Pre-creation Creation Distribution ConsumptionPost- consumptionSocio-ecological impact Disinformation life cyclePolicy Institutional (platform/ non- platform) Community Interpersonal relationships Individual Source: World Economic Forum. Rethinking Media Literacy: A New Ecosystem Model for Information Integrity 16

Rethinking Media Literacy 2025