Top ﬁve risks identiﬁed by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) TABLE C.2 Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Philippines 1 st Extreme weather events 2 nd Economic downturn 3 rd Energy supply shortage 4 th Inﬂation 5 th Infectious diseases Poland 1 st Inﬂation 2 nd Economic downturn 3 rd Interstate armed conﬂict 4 th Use of biological, chemical or nuclear weapons 5 th Public debt Portugal 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Labour shortage 3 rd Inﬂation 4 th Erosion of social cohesion 5 th Public debt Qatar 1 st Inﬂation 2 nd Digital inequality 3 rd Terrorism 4 th Economic downturn 5 th Labour shortage Romania 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Inﬂation 3 rd Labour shortage 4 th Interstate armed conﬂict 5 th Misinformation and disinformation Rwanda 1 st Inﬂation 2 nd Extreme weather events 3 rd Unemployment 4 th Food-supply shortage 5 th Economic downturn Saudi Arabia 1 st Infectious diseases 2 nd Inﬂation 3 rd Adverse outcomes of artiﬁcial intelligence 4 th Economic downturn 5 th Misinformation and disinformation Senegal 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Unemployment 3 rd Inﬂation 4 th State fragility 5 th Censorship Serbia 1 st Labour shortage 2 nd Inﬂation 3 rd Economic downturn 4 th Interstate armed conﬂict 5 th Censorship Sierra Leone 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Energy supply shortage 3 rd Inﬂation 4 th Erosion of social cohesion 5 th Extreme weather events Singapore 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Labour shortage 3 rd Inﬂation 4 th Geoeconomic confrontation 5 th Cybercrime and cyber insecurity Slovenia 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Labour shortage 3 rd Energy supply shortage 4 th Inﬂation 5 th Public debt South Africa 1 st Energy supply shortage 2 nd Economic downturn 3 rd Unemployment 4 th State fragility 5 th Water-supply shortage South Korea 1 st Economic downturn 2 nd Household debt 3 rd Asset bubble burst 4 th Labour shortage 5 th Inequality (wealth, income) 5 th Inﬂation 5 th Use of biological, chemical or nuclear weapons Global Risks Report 2024 109

The Global Risks Report 2024