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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION *
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SUMMARY!
PART 2 of 2
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United States Department of JusticeWATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE *{__'~'it 0,»,I425 K Street. N. W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
October 16, 1975
Honorable Clarence M. Kelley
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. C. 20537
, Dear Clarence: :r§,,.e EROUTE T0 110. FOR SIGNATURE, J fa. soc. i!ir.
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Inspection ________
IntelL
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Plan. & Efval_ _
Spec. Inv. .______
Training _________
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WSPF! describes the work of WSPF during the 28-month period
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PSPF Recogmendations Chapter 5! .
1. Protecting the_Integrity and_Effectiyeness_of the
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regular review of agency policies, internal inspec-
tion procedures and other checks on how sensitive
functions are being performed.
- A constitutional amendment should clarify if and
when a President in office is subject to criminal
prosecution.
3. Control of Intelligence and ational SecuritZ_
Functions
. - All intelligence agencies should issue written
policies setting forth types of domestic intelli-
gence to be gathered and methods to be used.
These policies should be reviewed by a domestic
intelligence policy review board.
- The Administration should clarify its Present
policy on warrantless searches and seizures
in connection with foreign intelligence investi-
gations. »
4- §Qlii9l_Fi¥éD¢iH&_8Ud QsmPaign,Ta¢tic§
- The Department of Justice should take the initia-
tive in undertaking investigations and prosecutions
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The authority of the Federal Election Commission
should be broadened with respect to "dirty
tricks" to enable it to promulgate standards
of unaccepted campaign conduct.
WSPE Policies and Procedures for Investigation and Prosecution
Ihapter Z!
A. beginning Investigations
The Report describes the various sources of infornation
on the basis of which decisions were made to undertake investi-
gations. It notes that with respect to some areas of its
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The Report describes the various methods used for obtain-
ing information from witnesses, including FBI interviews, of-
fice interviews and bringing the witness before the grand jury
and the role each of these methods played in WSPF's investiga-
tions. It notes that only about 30 of the several hundred wit-
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obtaining crucial information. An important reason for this
was WSPF's belief that most of those who were at relatively
"low" levels of the conspiracies and other wrong-doing it was
investigating held important positions of public trust and were
not entitled to complete immunity. Whenever possible in such '
situations, WSPF sought to obtain the information it needed on
the basis of a plea bargain in order that a court could im-
pose an appropriate penalty.
C. Chareins and Disposing of Cases__ Jul.7 -H1 _ 4% il _ l
The Report analyzes the bases on which WSPF decided whether
to charge persons and what particular charges to bring.
The case involving the burglary of the office of Dr. Fielding,
Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, is used as an example to
describe the factual and legal considerations that led to re-
jection of certain charges and the decision to bring others -
in that case conspiracy to violate Dr. Fielding's Fourth Amend-
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The Report describes the issues the Special Prosecutor
to invoke the federal conspiracy
it appeared to be applicable.faced in deciding whether to bring perjury charges and whether
statute in those cases where
The Report also explains why instead of using the ndnimum
required standard of proof for a
Special Prosecutor sought to use
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The Report describes Special Frosecutor Cox's offer of
leniency to corporations which volunteered information about
their violations of the campaign financing laws. The reasons
for Cox's policy, which was adhered to by each succeeding
Special Prosecutor, are described in full in the Report and
include_proof difficulties, prior lack of enforcement and
corporate disclosure of prior practices. The volunteer policy
resulted in guilty pleas by l2 corporations and 10 corporate
officers. These pleas, and others that followed in the campaign
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contenders. In a few other situations the Special Prosecutor
was willing to accept guilty pleas that did not fully meet
these concerns, and the_Report sets out the range of considera-
' tions that led to the acceptance of such pleas.
The Report also notes that in considering a plea agree-
ment, WSPF was concerned that where subordinates had been
convicted and sentenced, the principle of proportionality
prevented accepting a plea to a lesser charge from a person
who had directed his criminal activities.
I Major Investigations and Qther Actions Chapter 3!
The most important work of WSPFs five task forces and
the counsel's office is summarized in Chapter 3 of the Report.
Not included are large numbers of investigations which
involved a relatively minor commitment of office resources and
a lesser number of investigations, requiring more substantial
efforts, which have not been publicly disclosed in the past
and which did not result in charges. Reporting them would
publicize, for the first time and in an improper forum, allega-
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tions from which the prosecutors concluded they should not
initiate court action for the various reasons cited in
Chapter 2. In the investigationsincluded within this chapter,
allegations are cited if they have already received extensive
publicity or if they had become public through court proceedings,
' legislative inquiries or other forums.
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A section of the work of the Watergate Task Force briefly
describes its three investigations. The Watergate cover-up
investigation resulted in the prosecution and felony conviction
of eight men formerly associated with the White House or the
President's Campaign Comittee. On January 15, 1974, a panel _
of tapes experts appointed by Judge Sirica concluded that
an 18 1/2 minute gap in a subpoenaed Presidential tape
recording of June 20, 1972 had been produced by at least five
separate hand operations of the stop and record buttons of a
Uher 5000 machine, the same model used by the President's
secretary, Rose Mary Woods, in transcribing the tape. Since
the experts report made it clear that the gap had been caused
by intentional erasures, and evidence produced at earlier
hearings showed that the erasures had occurred after the tape .
had been subpoenaed, Judge Sirica had referred the matter to
the grand jury for further investigation of the possibility
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Committee on April 30, 1974. Comparison of the President's
submission with transcripts in WSPF's possession showed that
the President's version contained several omissions of por-
tions of conversations. After an investigation, WSPF concluded
that there is strong circumstantial evidence that at least some
of the lengthy deletions were deliberate, but no prosecution
; was possible for reasons outlined in the Report.
The Report also describes the work of WSPFs "Dirty
Tricks" task force. The "Dirty Tricks" investigation, which
resulted in convictions of Donald Segretti and Dwight Chapin,
sprung from reports that President Nixon's re-election cam-
paign had included an undercover network of agents who had
engaged in various kinds of political espionage and sabotage
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WSPF's ITT task force investigated allegations that the
Department;of Justice had settled three antitrust suits in
lQ7l against International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
ITT!, one of the Nation's largest conglomerates, in return
for ITT's alleged offer to help finance the 1972 Republican
National Convention. These investigations included the
possibility that perjury had been committed in the 1972
confirmation hearings of Richard Kleindienst to become Attorney
General and an allegation that a Securities and Exchange
Comission SEC! inquiry had been obstructed by ITTs failure
to produce certain documents. The Report sumarizes these
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The "Plumbers" task force investigated and prosecuted
. those responsible for a break-in in September 1971 at the
Los Angeles offices of Dr. Lewis Fielding, conducted to secure
the psychiatric records of Fieldings former patient, Daniel
Ellsberg. At the time of the breakin, Ellsberg was under_
* i * * of the classifiedindictment for his role in the alleged theft
"Pentagon Papers." The report recounts that prosecution,
which resulted in the conviction of sin individuals, and a
number of other investigations undertaken by WSPF's "Plumbers."
These included investigations of other break~ins, a "national
security" wiretap program, the alleged misuse of federal
agencies, the alleged mistreatment of demonstrators, and an
inquiry into President Nixon's tax returns.
The Report also details the work of the Campaign Contri-
s.
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Associated Milk Producers, Inc., the "Townhouse" program, the
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tions Task Force convicted 32 individuals and 19 corporations.
_ Chapter 3 concludes with a summary of the work of -
IWSPF s legal issues task force, the Office of Counsel to the
Special Prosecutor.
Efortsnto Obtain Evidence from the_Hhite House Chap. 4,Cfifst section! iii C C it izlwi C
From the first days of Special Prosecutor Cox's tenure until
many months after President Nixon's resignation, much of WSPF's
energy and concern was devoted to a continuing struggle with
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jury's subpoena which led in October 1973 to Cox's dismissal
- V
are also described. The public uproar over Cox's firing led
the President to agree to comply with the subpoena, and the
Report describes the disclosure that two of the tapes were missing
and one had an 18 l/2 minute gap and the resulting investiga-
tion. It details Special Prosecutor Jaw0rski's continuing
efforts to obtain additional materials and the issuance in
April 1974 of a subpoena for 64 tapes needed for the Watergate
trial and the ensuing litigation resulting in the United
States Supreme Court's unanimous decision on July 2Q, l97&,
requiring that these tapes be turned over to the Special
Prosecutor.
. After President Nixon's resignation WSPF took immediate
action to prevent tapes and documents from the White House
from being shipped to California and there ensued complex
negotiations and litigation, described in the Report, resulting
in the Special Prosecutor's obtaining access to the materials
he_believed he needed to complete his task.
Actions Related to President Nixon's Possible CriminalLiability Chap. 4, second sectionj P illmzlz ml
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- 16
in June, 1973 before the Senate
the President in discussions of
gate burglar E. Howard Hunt and
"hush money. Dean
by the hatch 21, "
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The Report describes
President Nixon could and shoulSelect Committee implicating
executive clemency for Water-
the decision to pay Hunt
s version was corroborated and added to
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$. Q_§¬ T .- "s - .; . . -- . - I.._,_, decided that he would defer any possible criminal ac§it"on_agy4s&ia§;¬§¬t~
..-__-;. -;=; the former President until the Watergate cover-up jury
gj|;{...____.._.~T_:, g _ sequestered and the trial had started. His purpose was -- ' 3.-:;§". =;- . _ , _ . _ -_ - - , . - ,. ._.,_ . * ""' 5 ~"""' .-. - ._ _ _ A _- . - -~ .- i ' f'- "~ -*-Ir" ?= .-r"";-"""'" . '" -' . j*. .:;~_*".2 avoid exposing the jurors _to__ additional preetrial . publ_icitxj;_-g .' ' - . - -.'=*- -.- - s ."i..;-.1~.'~:-2-:;.*.*;:'.-1». '"-1,-_.-_._The result of this decision was that Nixon, if charged _wit_h'@.";~:_..-.f§_92-'~ - . 0 'i=-'_ _ complicity in the Watergate cover-up, would have been tried:;;l1--§§'§§T-F¬:7;'-t;"__' ;' 1' -_ , . - .".~'." -if 92- , ;. ch '3' I; . . _ ......5.;_-§1;,;.%§.;1f**l,;';.<-._- .separately from Haldeman, Mitchell, Ehrlichman and the otheI:'lz§;;~£*¢1¢.**>i?%"'f7.'%-i- -j.<v_ t -J; . _ _ _ _ . . . '*~f --- ' g i __,. -1 2-; I alleged co-conspirators originally charged. - - - -". - -_ ~92;-..'-+,__g§_ , . - = ' '. --= ": P; ;:> . ' ».- ; . The Report describes Jaworski's meeting with Phillip
_ Buchen, Counsel to President Ford, in which the Special p ,:F-;'K; 1. . _ Prosecutor told Buchen that the pre-trial publicity
_ _ .. a delay of at least 9 to 12 months before a jury could be
selected and at which he gave Mr. Buchen a list of ten' -_ -" ' _- ' -
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In addition to the 154 pages in the main body of the
Report sumarized above, the Report included 13 appendices.
They include a complete status report of all cases handled
up to September 15, 1975, a detailed organizational by WSPF
history of WSPF, a description of the relationship of the '
Special Prosecutor with the Attorney General and with various
federal agencies and legislative comittees, a detailed
chronology of Watergate events as they related to WSPF's
work, and a comprehensive bibliography of the extensive public
materials relating to matters investigated by WSPF.