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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATNIN
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
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D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
l:_| information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
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r advised that he pres familiar with HIGHLANDR §=_
FOLK SCHOOL, nerally addressed at Tracy City, Iennessee, _or'st '
llont. Eagle -, enneseee, and that from his elm recoJ.1ectioin,'the' '-school h__ for the pastoizveral years under the directorshipof one 111""-* and JAt?.e,92_.,_w;P.w.%I. Q?-, 2....--pa.-*..ee . 'general in1o¥-motion conceming the operations o£92the school which
the writer found already to be incorpora.ted in
in this matter and about the only V f
had of any value was that he knew .//
Tennessee to be a Communist
e From his om knowledge of having lived in the vicinity ' '
of the School, ss.id it was attended by many foreigners whose
names he could not relate and it was determined that ii had
little if any valuable information to disclose concerning the school,
its personnel, or operations. v __ _ -. _ J .-
- For such informetion as may be of possible assistance _
in later locating s description of him is being setforth as follows: . " " . Z
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Height- Weight '
Eyes
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,. _ A t ..Inasmuch as the information imparted by-Ia non- ' Y
specific and indicated no further investigation, concerning the matter,
should be conducted within the Miami Field _pDivision, this case is '
being fed upon completion to the office of origin. -
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Information obtained_ so! £orth- These individuals being made E E .
subjects oi separate investigations. - .
, %'z¢/E _REFERENCE: _ Report of Special Agent? Knoxville,
Tennessee, dated June 1, 9 .
DETAIIS: LT CLEVELAND! OHIO: 1 .. . . .. . .. _. E
iiwaerence set forth?, .
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Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
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I ' 4? ___ _ _ __ of with no segregable Deleted under exemptionlsl _
material available for release to you.
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Documenttsl originating with the following goveniment agency ies! ._ W ___H . _
__ _ _ _ , .__" . was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyesl;
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Initch States Bepartmcnt nf Justin
Knoxville, Tennessee _
January 5, 1942
W
J.» Director _
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. C.
01-HGHIANDER FOLK scuoot,Internal Security - C 7 /,1 -Dear Sir: I |_ qs 1' '
Reference is made to the report oi Special Agent
_ Knoxville, Tennessee, dalted December 30,
1941. The Bureau's attention is particularly directed
to references therein to lire. EIEANCIYIYOCSEVELT on pages28, 29 and 117, which refer to her bein listed by this
school as a friend of the institution in view of her
having established s scholarship there.#74,
In view of these references, the Knoxville Field
Division will withhold the miling of copies of this
/V report to all offices pending the Bureau's express
- ; -* approval of such a procedure.F:/of J
I
x,»Very truly yours,
_ 92$& Q-_
n- 92; _ I- In In m, _
_ _ Special lgent in Charge.
92 61-12 _WA.IE:1B ' ' .
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
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Deleted under exemptionlsl V6 7 A 7*Zi__i V i W with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
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Docuinentlsl originating with the following government agencyliesl _
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Pagelsl withheld for the following reasonls!:
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i IS or mm, mommm F011? gem rékfed oi} F1935 4insumme;r1gi_f{{_f /
'4 Conumugity of llonteaglo, 'Tex;1nesse on property donated -. - - by Dr. LILLIAN w.92JonNs0n. _ OR'1fQH:as $3.1-st -Aof tho sts..f and is pressh§l;rhead'of the schoo'lj§_f -='. started out as socialistic. Socialism was adv0§§"'; _" cated and encouraged by the school argd an attom "=15 j."_' i it- 4'-J, made to put it into practice. HORT still claims to .- _ - a socialist, however, communism a ed early mung . Ir. ;.";' 92 "its supporters and stu N ST, who camb5* g HORTON as a member pf the mo ER 1-"our SCHOGL was -_ go" _ munist. mtcom-cursnom, charter member of mommm,"i.'§;-__ '. 1.} , F FOLK scnoor. was killed fighting for Spanish 1o1a1ist."*-"?3T = ."T? *' iinits of tho Comuhist Party and .'Io~a.ngi£3om__1r_rr1_1_r1;sc§I_1zagug:__;_;._:_ za. _ I were organized and existed among its local supporterW W.'1,.z merfoer"92 - . School
.;_y
92 .
-92-K' ' TEDIWELLQAN, the Cormmmist Party and Young Cozmnunist _ ~ tLeague organizer stayed at the HIGHLANDE12 FOLK SCHOOL ',@_{ -.1 claim to F
inwhile doing his organizing. Severa 5?92, have -seen Young Gommmmist League cards _.., ~.E .: ' - - possessionoi various members _it " SCHOOL .. . ',¢ ." I'D _ .-
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source the staff
and local supporters voted for BROWDER in 1936. Publications by the '
tschool indicate radical and owl tendencies on part of studentsattending Zge spring and fall term 1941. School still subscribes to Daily
Worker and ublications concerning Russia. HORTON and members of Executive
Comittee HIGHLANIER FOLK SCHOOL are supporters of Southern Conferene of
Human Welfare. Six out of eleven members of Executive Committee are listed *
as communist or having communistic contacts by files in Knoxville Office.JOE G.mDOBBS, member Executive Committee is considered one of most dangerous
communist in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and is on custodial detention list
of this office. School first started out as community center but gradually
changed to labor education. Unsuccessfully attempted to.establish a similar
schrol at Allardt, Tennessee, about 1934. Succeeded in organizing the Worker's
:2"%=nce which flourished for a while in Grundy County but broke up after an,, _ , -__ _. .. __._ _.J __ ._ ;_ -h.!'4' _ r-A, -.,___;, .- 1 . -~,~-~.:-~',--,2-:-1. :-_-.- =1 - '1-_ -»'.- .-- -~ - ' - ' _ 1 C , _ ... . 921 . y y .,
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unseceessful "sit-down strike" at W}P.A. Headquarters, Tracy City, Tennos5ee,; - i ""
in February 1939. School unpopular in local community and has reputation o£_ re.
being ccmmunistic. Unpopularity based pertlyion report cf drinking and suspect- -' 7*
ed loose morals that occur at dances sponsored by the school, and local preju-
dice against labor activities of school. Public feeling culminated in a
_-..; .;o:.s-d march on the school by Grundy County Crusaders on November 12, 1940.
."*i{_fC.*.l-TT1 reveals that school program of worker's education and recreation-
al activities has gained support of some nationally prominent labor and public
_;» e 5 .
3.L?l-":7-II Report of Special Agont Knoxville Tennessee -dated April 10, 1941. ' ' ?
Report of Special Agent_'Kn-oxville, Tennessee,
dated June 1, 1941.
,_ '.,} / Report oi Special Agent New York City,
dated October 21, 1941.
Report of Special Agent Memphis,
Tennessee, dated October 1'7, 1941'. *-
Jvi}. x *92F§92§?92§§92 Ow Q,~ !'*75r7;J ,, T
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DETAILS: Inasmuch as the HGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL has students, contribu- ~
tors or friends in all part of the country, copies of this re-
port are being designated ior all iield offices in the Continen-
tal United States, however, it is not deemed advisable at this time to
check on all the people with whom the school has contact. Reference report
of Special Agent New York City, indicates that among the contri-
butors of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL are many large and reputable New York
organizations and several reputable people residing in the New York vicinity,
therefore, for the present, this office will concentrate the investigation of
this case on the members of the staff, executive committee, students and local
supporters of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. In case of contributors who have
donated unusually large sums of money, or where outside circumstances
indicate possible communistic connections, investigation will be made of
these contributors.
mimeographed sheet prepared by the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL entitled,
"Statement of Purpose Unanimously approved by the Staff of HEGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL". This mimeographed sheet, which will be retained in the files of
the Knoxville Field Office, is set out as follows:
"STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Unanimously Approved by the Staff of
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
PURPCBE:
The purpose of a labor school should be to assist in bringing
about economic and political democracy. Since unions are basic
to the achievement of democracy, the strengthening of unions
must be the primary purpose of a labor school. It should be an
educational arm of organized labor, or the more progressive unions
making up the labor movement at a given time.
AEFILJATIONS:
A labor school should not become connected in any way with politi-
cal or other organizations, the policies of which are in conflict with
*b~ f"liCiGS of the unions.
The direction, teaching and control should be in the hands of
labor representatives committed to the idea that democracy can
best be achieved through a strong, intelligent labor movement.
PROGRAM:
The program of a labor school Should be determined by the needs
and policies of the unions from which the students are drawn and with .ii-in-1
s
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b 1wwhich the school works. This would necessitate a specialized
educational program. Classes would be conducted in subjects of
a practical nature, directly related to the problems faced by the
students. No effort would be made to carry on a general program of
education suitable for students with a variety of interests and di-
_ vergont points of view. The emphasis given and points of view
expressed would be that of organized labor. - i
ADRENISTPATION:
Since the immediate purpose of a labor school is to assist in
strengthening organized labor, it cannot be an independent policy
making organization. Therefore, direction and supervision must come
from labor representatives of organizations operating with the school.
A Board of Directors, consisting of labor officials and representatives
of the school, should have full authority in the making of policy
and the running of the school.
do
uopwa
m-a-1"
' It is noted that on the left hand corner of the above
mimeographed sheet appears the following: "dp uopwa mes-l" dpprobably Stands fCI mmcsyizosanr; In--3-1 rbr new A.LIJAWRENCE, anduopwa is probably the abbr '7ation for a press-man's o k.
-" i>=-inted and illusu-a~
4; bba bbbkibb printed by the HIGHL.1.NDER FOLK SCHOOL, giving its history.This booklet is described as "The Story of an Educational Center for Working-
Pecple". The pertinent parts of this booklet, which will be retained in thef
files of the Knoxville Field Division, are set out as follows:
"FUUNDING OF THE SCHOOL. In 193i, Myles Horton, a native
' Tennessean educated at Cumberland University and the University of Chica
I -4.:_ igo, returned to Tennessee to help provide Southern worxers with an
oportunity for an education fitted to their practical needs.
Highlander Folk School was therefore founded to provide
an educational center in the South for the training of rural and
industrial leaders, and for the conservation and enrichment of the
indigenous cultural values of the mountein.I .
Throughout the eight years of the school's existence, it
has functioned along these broad lines: it is a local rural settle-
ment house serving the community and county; an it is a center for
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the education and development of intelligent labor leadership through-%
E
out the entire South. Through this program, the school hopes to assist "
in bringing about the economic and political democracy that is th
heritage of the finest American tradition.EARLY YEARS. When Doctor Ldlliang&¬hnson, pioneer southerneducator, gave her frame house and farm lan 0 the new School, the
founders resolved not to create another formal institution, but to de-
velop- an educational and cultural center to meet th needs of the
students themselves, and of the community. Hence, during the first few
weeks, the house served chiefly as a community center, where neighbors
dropped in fcr a social evening of songs and friendly discussion with
-l- 1-. 4- k . 'vu¬ uGE.Cu¬I'S I
later, a few of the neighbors asked for a discussion class,
and during the first winter, evening classes dealing with psychology,
economics, and current events, grew naturally out of the interest of
the community folk.
A few resident students began to live at the school and to
be given individual instruction in writing and speaking. In addition,
each selected a community activity ranging from music classes and a
dramatics club to educational meetings among the miners and relief
workers in neighboring communities. Thus, the three aspects of in-
terrelated activity which the school new carries on, grew out of the
demands of the first year: - _
I - the residence program of short courses an weekend _
conferences for workers.
II - the work in the community.-
III - the extension program, in which students and staff carry
the educational work to other rural and industrial areas
, PRESENT PROGRAM
l. RESIDENT GDURSES. Resident Terms for Workers are the
backbone of the year-round program. In the summer an in the
spring, the six weeks term of intensive resident courses is con-
ducted for trade-union students. Students are drawn from Southern
labor unions, uith an occasional student from outside of the South.
The qualifications for admission are: the ability to read and write
and devotion to the labor movement. No student is accepted without
the recommendation of his or her union.F
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";@, »tj*}.i§;57'%meet their local situations more constructively.
Classes are always informal, and draw from and relate
back to, the students! experiences. In addition to discussions led
by the regular staff members, leading experts from the field of
organized labor and from Federal and State agencies frequently contri-
bute to the classes as visiting lecturers. The School's library of
six thousand books and pamphlets, built up by the gifts of friends, is
eagerly drawn on by the students to supplement their class work.
The course includes the following subjects:
T'|T92T"f'!T92l UDI' §DT"|:1.1Q-92 R-3 cr~9211:92c:-I run ml !11:;'F1'n-i+ravan-v.u J.J.|.kAJJ-I-I.-I85-IQ u-.|.uv92...u.J4.uu. v.1. u.<..44.u.Lv92..
dents as labor unionists. Methods of organizing, dues collecting, an
making the meetings interesting: fundamentals of collective bargaining,
negotiating contracts, and Labor Board procedure.nu-92n92-92"|nv-a r-F -Phat :4-n=ya uu.1.Um...a v.1. vu-G uvu.
AMERICAN HISTORY: the story of the growth of the labor
movement in America from Colonial days to the present, with an
examination of labor's rights under New Deal legislation.
Er'.f'}T92T 'W.'='T1'1.QI an 'i92'92+.1~"92r'T11r~+.r~.'|-1r r~r~.11r'¬:n Hnnldnn '.v1'+.l-92 . vmtr rv-92r92v.....v~......-..-, -...».. .....-M .....-....--owe; v-.---.»-.-.. 92l.'uIi¢¢--I-d..d.6 II.J.92IiJ. -.- -..make a living; the development of the industrial era and its ZEEQZZ
upon the welfare of working people; and the economic background of
the union movement.
UNION PUBLICITY: practice in the basic elements of a news
story, related to reporting for labor papers. The mechanics of editing
a paper or pamphlet; mimeographing methods; and the creating of charts
and posters for publicity uses. Students write their own life stories
and publish then in mineographed forms
PARLIAMENTARY IAW AND PWLIC SPEAKING: designed to show
students how to run businesslike meetings, and how to get across ideas
in an effective manner. Class is conducted as a regular union meeting,
giving students practice in speaking and in parliamentary law._92
DRAMATICS: training in the improvisation of plays based on
actual situations suggested, acted out and produced by the students.
Finished product is oiten taken on tour to union locals:
MUSIC AND RECREATION: learning labor and folk songs; practice........_.
: I
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EQUALLY as important as the course of studies is the experience
of cooperative living. The students contribute two hours a day to the
running of the household, and have the opportunity of sharing work and
play with other students and the staff.
INSTITUTES AND EXTRA SESSIONS. In addition to its regular
resident terms, Highlander holds frequent weekend institutes throughout
the year, for unions, teachers, and social workers. For example, during
l940, institutes were held at the school for the American Federation of
Hosiery Workers,.for the International ladies Garment Wbrkers Union, and
for
for
_.__IHIIU.Iabor's Non-Partisan league. Informal week-end gatherings were held
leaders of cooperatives, and for southern business and professional,
industrial Y. W1 C. A. secretaries.
-.
Other special sessions have included such varied projects as:
a week's Summer Camp for the children of union members; a writers
workshop at which prominent writers and young students from all parts
of the country discussed together the problems of writing: and two
work camps for college students.
2. THE COMMUNITY PROGRAM. The problem of earning a living in
Grundy County is acute. Since the soil is not suitable for productive
farming, the natural resources of the land - coal mining and lumbering -
have been exploited until the timber is gone and only a few mines are in
operation.
The American Public Welfare Association has made a study of
the county: it is one of the poorest in the South, with over eighty
percent of the residents certified for relief.
in important part of Highlanders all-year-around activites
is the School's work with community organizations in joint efforts to
solve community and country problems. Leadership has been furnished
for Cooperatives in gardening, canning, pottery an quilt-making, and
in such organizations as a Community Council, local unions, and a
Parent-Teacher Association.
In the community work, the School also assists in developing
local leadership by providing £or Young Peoples Clubs and Study Groups
for Adults. The cultural and recreational life of the community has
been stimulated by the School's free music lessons, and by the encourage-
ment of the traditional songs and fine old square dances of the region.
Perhaps the most outstanding recent example of the School's
community projects is a progressive nursery school, taught by a member
of the Highlander staff, who is a graduate of the Bank Street Cooperative
School for Teachers, and who acts as diroctor, janitor, parentsworker,
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and school-bus driver. The parents of the fifteen children make
their contribution by helping supply hot lunches and fuel for the nursery
building.
3. EXTENSION WORK. The third aspect of Highlander's program is
its field work. Staff members serve as a resource which unions
and cooperatives all over the South can call upon for guidance or as-
sistance in worker's education. At th request of the local unions
for example, members of the staff go out between resident sessions to
conduct educational programs. Instruction is given in setting up
mimeographed newspapers, and in the organization of dramatics clubs,
singing and study groups.
Finally, the staff is always available by correspondence or
visit, to assist graduates of the School in their educational an
cultural activities. There are 180 alumni from 24 states and from
30 different unions. Some of the typical progressive positions held
by former students are: union educational director, manager of cooper-
ative store, organizers for the C. I. O. and for the A. F. of L., re-
creational director fer union, Y. M. C. A. administrator, labor news
service editor, member of county school board, publicity director for
union, editor of labor song book, teachers and directos for workers
service projects, W. P. A.; and officers of local unions.
ADMINISTRATION, MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT
ADMENISTRATION: The Executive Council of the Highlander
Folk School consists of leading representatives of both the A. F. of
L. and the C. I. 0., and the teaching staff. The teaching, direction,
and control of the school are in the hands of the staff and of labor
representatives committed to the idea that democracy can best be achieved
through a strong, intelligent labor movement. The School is not, and
never has been, affiliated with any political organization or party.
Members of the Executive Council are:
Alber§£Barnett,:Professor of Old Testament Literature,
Sc; itt College.
Miss Lucy Randolphfason, Southern Publicity Representative
for the C.I.0.
Edward F? Eallaghan, Vice*President of the American Federa-
tion Hcsiery Workers.
Georgd<Titler, Secretary, District 19, United Mine Workers
of America.
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Matdiynch, Representative of the Anerioan Federation of
Hosiery Workers,
Royrgeynolds, President Chattanooga Printing Pressmen and
Assistants Union.
Altoguiwrence, Southern Representative of Labor's Non-
Partisan league.
Paul R?4Christopher, Executive Secretary of the Tennessee
State Industrial Union Council. -
Bernaréorah, Southern Representative of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers of America.
STAFF: The staff bring to their teaching, in addition to college
and professional training, their experience in the field of Southern
labor as members of the American Federation of Teachers, and as organizers
writers and speakers. They receive no salaries, other than maintenance.
The staff is cooperatively organized and shares equally in the control of
the school. i
The staff includes: Teachers;
Willian4éuttrick, College of the City of Nashville, Duke
University.
Jame§<Dombrowski, Emory University, Columbia University, Union
Theological Seminary.
Myles Horton, Cumberland University, University of Chicago.
Zilphizelorton, College of the Ozarks.
Ieo§4ilson, Librarian.
glauaiaiiewis, Reed College, Bank Street Cooperative School fo
Teachers. Nursery School Director.
Mary*£awrence, Duke University.
Community Worker .
Louiseichman, Vassar College. Office Secretary.
Louiseéenkling, Carlin College. Office Secretary.
on a cooperative basis. Students
hence, every penny of the yearly
maintenance of the School and its
and comunity and extension.work.SUPPOT: The School is run
and staff share in the household work;
contributions is devoted to the actual
year-round program of residence terms,
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QContributors are unions, religious groups, student bodies,
educational foundations, and over nine hundred liberal men and women
throughout the country; Scholarships are maintained by several
international unions; and by individual contributors, including Ms.
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The school work would be impossible without the moral and
financial support of progressive citizens. They believe with the School
that if democracy is to survive the onslaughts of the antidemocratio
forces spreading in the world today, the great majority of our people
must learn how to exercise their rights most capably and wisely through
the democratic process.
EMDORSEMENTS. The School is proud of the roster of illustrie
eus leaders, both National and Southern, who endorse its work. Amongst
the prominent representatives of organized labor -
Dr. George S§?Eounts; President, American Federation of
Teachers, A. F. of L: _
"I have every confidence in the Highlander Folk School
as an institution thoroughly devoted to the interests of working
people and the cause of American Democracy.
John L,<£gw1.= President, United Mine Workers of America,
C.I.O.:
"I think that the School is performing a noteworthy
task in the field of liberal and useful education, and
that real recognition is due for the generous and effective
support which it gives to the struggle of labor in the South."
Amongst the well-known educators -~
1
Dr. JohhDewey:
"When the Highlander Folk School was founded, I wrote
that I regarded it as one of the most important social-educational
projects in America. The achievements of the School in the
past eight years confirm my original judgment."
Dr. William S}<§hickerbocker, Professor at the University of
the South, and editor of the SEWRNEE REVIEW:
... the Highlander Folk School is rendering an important
and indispensable service in its nursery school, its relief
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assistance, its intelligent scrutiny of political and social
conditions, and in most of its proposals for the elimination
of removable abuses and the introduction of more tolerable
conditions of living."
In the Church - //y
_ Reverend Reinhold/iebuhr:
"One of the most interesting experiments in labor education
in America."
Reverend Harshaljfhngfield, Memphis Pastor, Moderator of the Tennessee
Conference of Congregational Churches and Historian in Chief of the Sons
of Confederate Veterans:
F 92.__ __._ -l.!__ I"_L.._ __" . . . .1. !CI1UW one ocuu
work in this area."-1 ? ___. _____l'92___J. ___J __._1_ _____'|1.!CU IIIE, dIl eXCC3.l.J.¬I1E HHU. [I1lJ.C1'] ILBBU
Amongst our Neighbors --
Miss Majkstus, public school teacher, author, and holder of a
Roscnwald Fellowship:
"I am glad to say that I know of much good the Highlander
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and altruistic way. They have proved their friendship,
especially to the poor and needy, rendering material assistance
in many cases when none else was available."
Mrs. 0. sristarr, President of the P. T. A.:
" . . . they are an asset to this community."
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In Labor Organizations "-f
1940 Annual Convention of the C. I. 0.;
" . . . resolved that this organization endorse the ideas and
program of the Highlander Folk School."
HSOLUTION, I92ASHVILLE TRADES Al-ID
LABCE COUNCIL, A. F. of L.!
" . . . The Ccuncil expresses confidence in the fundamental
soundness of the objectives of this labor school.
Reference report of_ Fnoxville, Tennessee, dated April 10,
1941 reveals that the HIGHLANDEH FOLK SCHOOL was chartered under the laws
of the State of Tennessee on January 31, 1934, The geheel was chartered
by MNLES HORTON, ELIZABETH HAWES, JAHES DOMBROWSKI, RUPERT HAMPTON and
EALCOLM CHISHOLM. In this report the members of the Executive Committee ofthe HIGHLANDE FOLK SCHOOL are also set out. The information in _ é/76
report was obtained from the February 1941 issue of the Highlander Fling,
the official publication of the HIGHLANDLR FOLK SCHOOL. In addition to the
members cf the Executive Committee, the February 1941 issue cf the Highlander
Fling listed tWJ more members, namely, Dr. GEORGE HAYHEW, Professor of
Religion, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,Tenncssce, and JOE DOBBS,
Plumbers* Union, A. F. of L., Chattanooga, Tennessee. The names of all
the members of the Executive Committee of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL were
checked against the indices of the Knoxville Field Office. Nothing of
interest was feund concerning ALBERT BARNETT, GEORGE TITLER or Dr. GEORGE
hi MAYHEW. In a letter to the Director dated October 13, 1941 from the Memp s
Field Office, entitled Public Relations Ropres ' "vefor the C. I. O. it is mentioned that
has the on of ' - '
Agent
enti of
6l22-8!being a communist and agitator. In report c pecia
Kncxville,Tennessee, dated July 28, 1940, in case
United States Treason" Knox
a for the file dated October 5, 1939 Knoxville File In
92.
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In report of Special Agent Atlanta Geo -ia
is dated August 19, 1941 in this case, it is indicated that
communist by the Atlanta ield Off'ce. It
the former husband cf
. - ted '
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is the subject of a file in
Office
of this
October 17, 1941, in case entitled Communist Activities in the
one c the nest dangerous communist
stated that he was against the Cover
anything to bring about its downfall. '.1: .-92_ _ULJC 92Jl-J-L U92§92..l LJULAU. o d that
Both are lis o in e 1 es o e ieand is on the Custodial Detention
the Knoxville
and is on the Custodial Detention list
Agent , Knoxville, Tennessee,
Knoxville
_ Fie Division East Tennessee! relates that
has been an active communis or .e =a and is considered
having repeatedly
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In r-.-pm, of Special Agent_ Birmingham, Alabama,
February 6, 1941 in case entitled Southern Conference of Human tblfareInternal Scggiity C-, Knoxville File No. 100-121! PAUL RZHRISTOPHéR
and EDWARD ,CALLAGHa' together with ALTON IAKHENCE, LUCY RLNDOLPH MASON,
PLJIARD BORAH, ROY C -TYNOLDS and HYLES HORTON are listed as sponsors for
the Scuthern Conference
Szuthern Conference forof Human Eblfare. This report indicates that the
Human elfare was founded by known communists and is
p1"c.sc?ntl;.' being investigated by the Birmingham Field Office.
gpamphlet entitled "THE SOUTH, Assets and Needs". This pamphlet
is printed by the U. S. Printing Office and the information was prepared by the
-Women's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. November 1938,
however, it has Souther Conference for Human Welfare, Room 212
Bimingham, Alabama, printed on the first page. This pamphlet
social and economic condition of the South. It will be placed
in the Knoxville Field Division on the Southern Conference forTutwiler Hotel,
is on the
in the file
Human Welfare.
Sec
. who for s
a member of thoWES
HLANDER FOLK SCHOOL staff is non living at the Madison,
92
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the HlGHLM¬DER FOLK SCHOOL as a seat of cooperative teaching and says
that Memphis had its formal introduction to this new socialeconomic
form when Teyohiko Kagawa came from Japan to lecture at Memphis. KAGAWA
was quoted as saying that cooperation is the solution through Christianity to
the world's ills and the article indicated that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was
teaching this doctrine. The article related that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
was established on a thirtyfive acre plot of ground in Grundy County,
Tennessee, which was donated by Dr. LILLIAN JOHNSON of Memphis, Tennessee.
Dr. JOHNSON was said to be a Director of the School. The article continued
that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was growing tomatoes and canning them cooperati VG
ly; that the women have a cooperative sewing society and that forty families
were taking part in the program. The article indicated that plans were being
rude to establish a furniture factory under the guidance of an expert furniture
maker who has lived in the cemunity for years. The article further stated
tLat the personnel of the HGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL is Socialist, at least in out-
leek and purpose if not in letter and that all members of the HIGHLANDER
"O32 SCHOOL staff were trained Christian workers. Leading the little group
at HIGHLMJDER FOLK SCHOOL is MILES HORTON who is_the seventh generation of
Hertons in Tennessee and who graduated from Cumberland University in 1928,
has been Y. M. C. A. secretary, studied at the School of Religion of the
University of Chicago and Union Theological Seminary in New York and spent
; year in one of the highly developed folk schools in Denmark. Two outstand-
ing musicians are included in the personnel of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL,
~l@Llj, MRS. MYLES HORTON, former Paris, Arkansas girl and RUPERTY HAMPTON,
General Director of work. RUPERT HAMPTON is described as a native of Nebraska,
A1. agh his father was from Georgia. HAMPTON spent three years at Nebraska
W;sleyan and three years at the School of
_.i;nary. HAMPTON earned his living as a
-t York. Another member of the staff is
T. DOHBROWSKI was born in Florida with aSacred Music of the Union Theological
church organist while he was in
DR. JAMES ANDERSON DOMBROWSKI.
Polish father and English mother,
i; served in the Royal Flying Corps during the World War, and was once a stu-
;.nt pastor at the University of California. Directing the cooperative work
If the school is Miss BERTHE DANIEL, former Osceola, Missouri girl, who has
taught English for seven years and who was a graduate of the University of
flsscuri. Extension erk of the HIOHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL is under the directionrf Mrs. ZILLA HAWES{f$NIEL, graduate of Vassar and of Broekwood Labor College.
Hrs. DRIIEL is an orgahitor for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.
T~ article indicated that M. and Mrs. DANIEL had built their heme on the
*1, _ _',,TON who came to Sunnerfield,
-O- f e TEGHLANDEH FOLK SCHOOL. They were joined in this by Mr. and
Tennessee from Elsinore in Deirk
=1 also built a new home on the campus. Hr. and Ms. BARTON spent_seven
"rs in the cooperative movement in the Scandinavian countries. The article
r *~~ted that all but one of the workers at the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL are
:;utherners and all of them have came from the ranks of these who must labortr live; every one e§¥ghOm earned his or
I Fher way through college. The article
ipiicated that FRANCI OIMAN, labor leader and first vice president of the
twited Textile orkers, as well as The Southern Tenant Farmers Union, had
-11.no
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endorsed the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. The article continued that the
demand for labor leaders in the South had made it possible to offer $100.00
scholarships to twelve men during the months of January and February 1936.
Thcsainterested in such scholarships were advised to telephone Dr. LILLJAN
JOHNSON, 7-0679, Memphis, Tennessee, or write to her at No. ll, 25 South
eloan Street, Memphis, Tennessee.
m@ Qeraphed
sheet dated Juno l, 1941 which is a copy of the resolution adopted by the
Tennessee State Industrial Union Council at their second annual convention
in Chattanocga, Tennessee, may 31 to Juno l, 1941, reiterating its endorse-
ment of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL as e center for workers education. The
resolution went further and stated that any attack on the HIGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL by an individual cr organization will be regarded as an attack on the
organized labor movement and such individual or organization would brand
themselves as enemies of organized labor in Tennessee and the South. This
mineographed sheet will be retained in the files of the Knoxville Office.
m_m@<>-
graphed sheet on certain courses taught at the HIGHlANDER FOLK SCHOOL.
Three of these courses were Public Speaking, Table of Rules about Motions
and Ncte~taking for Einutes of a meeting. Table of Rules about Motions
set out rules of parlimentary procedure as applied to a union meeting.
The above mimeographed course were concerned entirely with their sub'ectmatteri'."'_*4"?.?*-"f."*,.--"-**"-":* ta-.-o mimeographed boo]-cletts prepared by HIGELANDER FOLK SCHOOL
that are numbers one and two of a series of six called "THE UION PRIHER"
ta.-111 be photographed Booklet No. 1 is entitled
"Why we Need A Union", is four pages long on eight and one-half by fourteen
inch paper. This booklet gives a definition of a trade union and the benefits
of the union. It contends that the industrial barons speak through
the political newspapers, through magazine writers, radio commentators and
even preachers. Bulletin No. 2 concerns "How the Union Works". It is also
four pages long and is on the same sine paper as Bulletin No. 1. This
Booklet describes the organization and nefits of the Amalgamated _Clothing Workers of American. SIH£P1é§dLmN is President of this Union and
"THE ADVANCE" is the publication of the"Amalgamated Clothing Workers of
America" and points out_how the ACW obtains unemployment insurance and
cooperative housing. The ACWA operates two banks, namely the Amalgamated
Trust and Saving Bank founded in Chicago in 1922 and the Amalgamated
Bonk of New York founded in 1923. It is to be noted that the HIGHLANDER
FOLK SCHOOL maintains an account in tho Amalgamated Bank of New York.
Under "The Marks of a Good Union Man or Woman" the bulletin has
**~ follcring to says "The union wants members who seek nothing for
themselves and everything for their fellowmen. It has always been true
that thcszwho seek to help the common people have been badly treated by the
big and selfish interest of the world. It was true when Moses led his
fellow suffers out in the first strike in Egypt. It was true when s lewhr
carpont-r of Nazareth was threatened and was nailed to a tree because he
wont about stirring up the pccple' ".
-15-
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Both booklets No. 1 and 2 are written in a factual, scientific,
effective manner concerning the subject matter and there is nothing in
either bocklett that isn't within the realm of labor literature. Booklet.
Ne. l indicates that the remaining booklets in the Union Primer series
are as fellows. N e. 3, The Union; No, 4, Industrial Unions; The C. I. 0.;
No. 5, Religion and the Labor Movement; No. 6, Democracy or Fascism.
This booklet indicated that single copies of any listed in the Primer series
could be obtained for 10¢ a copy from the Secretary of the HIGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL at Menteagle, Tennessee; any three listed would be 25¢ and the whole
series would cost 50¢.
j./AI, ' graphs..imeo
sheet concerning "Materials and etheds in hbrkers Educatien" which was ob-
t"in'>d This mi-'ne0gr:.-zphed sheet will be retained in the£1185 tr the linexville Office, and is set cut as follows:
siiayitn HIGI-ILA}-JDE.l POLK scnoor.
Rtrkers Service Prcject, WPA ' Mcnteagle, Tenn.
1734 New York Ave., N. W2 .
Southern Conference for Human Southern Summer School fer Workers
Welfare 437 W1 59th St., N. Y. C.
l909% First Ave., N.
Birmingham, Ala.
iabcriandiEcenenic_Publieaticns
"Economic Outlook" ~ CIO, 1106 Connecticut Ave N. WI, Washington, D. C.
In Fact" - by George Seldes, ChathamPhenix B1dg., Long Island
City, NYC
"Chester Wrights labtr letter", Carpenters Building, Washington.
"labor Informaticn Bulletin" United States Department cf Labcr.
"URTIA Information Bulletin", 503 United Building, Akron, Ohio.
"Labor's Non-Partisan league Bulletin" - Earle Bldg., Eashington, D. C.
Library
Public Affairs Pamphlets, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, NYC.
Ohio Industrial Unicn Council, Ream 611, 79 E. State St., Columbus,
Send fer catalogue cf pamphlets.
Modern Age boOdS, 432, LEE Ave., NYC - Organizations can get l/3 off.
P pers and H _azines 3 __l _ TS
Southern News Almanac, 217 - 219, 2352 St., N., Birmingham, Ala.
All International Unien Papers.
-15..
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Coopers. 've'sti o
Seutheustern Cooperative Education Ass'n., Carrcllton, Ga.
The C.operative League, 167 W. 12th St., NYC.
Films l
Annotated Iist of notion Pictures of Workers Groups, 302 E. 35 St., NYC
Educational Motion Picture Films 16 mm - Univ. of Tenn.,
Extension Service,_Kncxville, Tenn.
Film Information Service, 535 Hearst Tower Bldg., Baltimore, Md.
TVA, Director cf Information, New Sprankle Bldg., Knoxville,-Tenn.
Theatre Arts CGEHittCn, 1233 6th Ave., New York City.
Drnnetics
Highlander Folk School, Montcnglc, Tenn.
Tillien Roy Smith Memorial Fund, Tbrkshop Pamphlet Series,
1423 R. St., N. Z1, teshingtn, D. C.
Highlander Folk S:h-ol - a few finished books, and stencils that can
be borroued.
Southern Sumner School Song Bock 437 1} 59th St., NYC.
"labor Sonfs", compiled by Zilphie Horton, TTUA, 421 Atlanta National
Building, Atlanta, Ga. 12% each in quantity.
heflectosccpe - Federal Stamping and Engraving Co., Chicago, -$1
Free kkteriel
American Civil Liberties Union - 31 Union Square West, NYC
American Labor Education Service, 437 W 59th St., NYC
CIO - 1106 Connecticut Ave., Weshington, D. C.
Consumers Union - l7 Union Square K., NYC
Department of Cultural Activities, Amalgamated Clothing Ebrkers.
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pp1icar1@n b1=-n1<
for admission to the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, which will be photographed
This application requires that a health certificate
signed by a Doctor be submitted with it and the applicant must agree to do
two hours maintenance work daily. The application then asks if the applicant
can afford to pay $50.00 toward the cost of board and tuition or whether
it would be necessary for the applicant to have a full scholarship covering
expenses. Personal data such as age, size, race, marital status, number cf
dependents, parents trade, applicants trade, political affiliations and
preference and what papers, magazines and books applicant has read recently
will be required to be set out. The application asks the name of the organi-
zations to which applicant belongs, length of membership, offices held and
activities connected connected with labor in which applicant has engaged.
The applicant is also asked if he can get his organization's endorsement.
The applicant is then asked the amount of schooling he has had, whether he
is willing to place the welfare of the HIGHLANDEH FOLK SCHOOL and its students
shove his personal interest, how he heard about the HIGHTANDER FOLK SCHOOL
and vrliat his plans are after leaving the HIGHLANIJER FOLK SCHOOL. The appli-
cant must write a letter about his background and labor activities telling where
he has worked and why he wishes to attend the HIGHLAHDER FOLK SCHOOL, and must
rive tho names and addresses of two references, one of which must be a union
zwerbor.
pamphlet entitled "Haw can a Union Plan its Prcgran published by the-
Tillian Roy Smith Memorial Fund, 1422 R. Street, N. 3., Taseington, D. C.
This pamphlet describes itself as the story of a union workshop program developed
by Local 1874 , Textile Icrkcrs Organizing Ccnmittce, Cusberland, Ed. In its
preface, this pamphlet explains that the Killian Rty Smith Memorial Fund was given
by rs. Lillian Roy Smith in memory of her husband. Ere. Smith donated
$8,000.00 to this fund to be used by experimental in the field of workers
education. The Killian Ray Smith Bemorial Committee was organized in
1938. It lists seven workshops conducted in workers crpanizations or in
resident workers school which it has initiated or given financial support.
These work shops are listed as follows:
Steel Workers Organizing Committee,
Baltimore, Md.
Textile hbrkcrs Organizing Connittoe,
Cumberland, Md.
Federal orker's School,
Zhshington. D. C.
Stuthern School for Workers,
N0 C.
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31-, ;-¢'.,...~ "- .... -- at-"._.~ _ ,~." ~-'. ._ r.'..-;-.-;
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Scheel fcr Office Werkcrs,
Chicago, Illinois.
HIGHLQQDER FOLK SCHOOL,
henteagle, Tennessee.
Sponsoring Cemmittee for Lebcr Education Services
New York City, N. Y.
This pamphlet cancers the setting up cf educational and recreational
committees in labor unions.
Reference is made te the report oi Special Agent
Knexvillc, Tennessee, dated June 1, 1941, wherein it is repertcd that
EYLES HORTON had gene to the Hcnteaple, Tennessee postcffice and had
civen the fcllcwinr list of students for the Spring term, may 12, to
Lhyi :2f BILLY C.1V1l92IESS
92 SIDNEY PITTEI-JBI_IRG
.1021. IEATTI-E.'¢'B92 S/?.uL tin:- ELIX CAILLISNET
c:-.'ru.a 1-as LEE
12.251. BEI~EN--3;.
ALVIN sou"
'¢HE7NIE Si'NCER
RI LLL'.I.i LVIS
Subsequently this office obtained a mimeographed bseklet fromC. #<%ILBY, crntaininq twenty-six pages, entitled The Scuth Tcmsrraw"
published by the students tr the HIGHLANDEIR F ?L.'{ SCHOOL Whc attended the spring
term in May 1941. This beeklet is en
which will be set cut in s subsequent
is being retained in the files cf the
centains articles written hy thirteen
in the style
his experiences in werkin; and in crganizing
ix being made te Set cut this entire becklct
identify the stuent writing the Riven as tcthe same order as "Vie I..nc*v: the Scare"
part cf this repcrt. This bseklet
Knoxville Office. "The South Tom0rrcw"
different studens, which are written
of autobiographies in which the student tells abcut himself and
wurkers inte unicns. Ne attempt
and only so much ef the article is
article, hewever, in cases where
the stujent writing the article is indicated te be radical er uses language
usually associated with communist, these parts of the articles are quoted.
-.6 .._.-.-.- ,,._-_ n:,'|..1_ nn:-4-, 1... -. ;-:1...-. -...-..41 Us?-DJ all? .['.LL-LU U.L.L..l."Jv Ht.-1.5 ....l..L92.D '_-£1.~....- -0 4-92...,. .-.4...._:.._.-|. ......92..-_.-:..... -1...u..u_y Lu. uuu DUlJ'.,¢L.1J.l/ cly_[JU:.1J.J.11a_, 4.11
iHiS bueklet, this office, upcn request, will supply any additicnal information
cencerning any student that is net already set cut. These articles and the
stuientu writing than are set out as fellows:
-19--
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The J. R. Rntkins,Ccmpany versus the CIO BilliQF6aviness
Billie Caviness is Financial Secretary, Local # 4, UCAPAKA,
CIO!, Lhmphis, Tennessee. This article concerns the erganizing of the employees
cf the J. R. Watkins Ledical Ccmgany, Lbmghis, Tennessee.
The Eetal Einers Hove Forward
J. R. Jae! Batters - International Mine, Eill
L:cal # 123, Bessemer, Alabama. This article concerns the
Alabama.R.
and Joe!<%htters
Smelter crker
crganizing
of the employees of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Bessemer,
. ..! Lly St Dry _ F'*liX B
_ "},1<§__._._3-il.lQ_l1i'
Felix Caillouet, Recording Secretary, United Construction
" :Yers Organizing Crnmittee, local # 198, N»w Orleans, Louisiana. This
article concerns the organizing of employees in a plant making interior
insulation beard and rcefing material in New Orleans, La,
That In have Gained Under cur CIO Contract Alvif§hulz
Alvin Schulz, Rsccrlinf Secretary United Sucr terkers,
T :21 # 1095 New Orleans, la. This article concerns crganizing workers in J
Lzuisinna.
1.2L Siles is I See Them Killian scqifbsvis
Tillian Davis, Inland Btntman Division, Haticnal Mnritinw Union,
Kanphis, Tennessee. In this article Davis nenticned that in December l940
-, shipped cn the steamer "Minnesota" and that in April l¬4l the employees
,? the "linnescta" elected him to attend the American Peace Mobilization in
;v Ycrk City tn April 5 ani 6 and paid all uf his expenses. Davis stated that
n» had obtained his edncaticn through trjanized labcr ani that he felt that
no teed the n nbcrs cf his unicn something. Davis related that since he had
"tsined his cducaticn an} has tried to teach his felltw unicn nembers what
he had learned he has been.eall a "Red" and cne t'ne than he was out cf hisr_cm someone slipped in ans put a picture cf J,§K$ialin over by bunk and
"utsrtei calling me Ccmraie".
Hen I am Getting Startei in the Labor hbvement H£ze§K§ehenna
Hazel Behunn1,_Recerdin5 Secretary, United Sugar Htrkers,
. -i;,# 1101, her Orlens, L uisiana. This article mentioned that
_~n,@nhRECE came from the HIGHLHJDER FOLK SCHOOL to New Orleans to
Qeecate union members and was instrumental in getting Hazel Behcnna to attend
the HIGHLANDER FOLK SOHCOL.
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Experiences of a Union Man Paul Berthiaume
192K I _ _- _ i .. _ _ .. _. . ___
PauPBerthiaume, President, United Ferniture Workers, CID,
New Orleans, Lcuisiana. Pertinent parts of this article are set out as
fcllows:
"I experienced my first strike activity in the strike against the
New Orleans Public Service by the AF cf L in the latter part of 1929.
I was twelve years old and was
everyone else in the city was.
midst of riots, throwing bricks at streetcars ant
also helping pile bricks along
an which si"ns were put sayingan active sympathizer, as nearly
Quite a few times I was in the
policemen, 1
Canal Street and by the Canal Car Barn
"Strikers' Ammunition". The bricks
were threwnuabout quite often and had to be gathered all over again, and
so cn. In spite of the fact that people turned cut as if tc the Hhrdi
Gras parade the strike was 1est....
Living with workmen who were as a whcle sworn against crooked
tolitics is the reasen, I think, cf my being at Highlander Folk
School learninj to in all I can to help the working classes.
»._ | Y - _ -1 1 1-1 A _1.f1 1 rs __, 1.-| _92-92_~i.-__-___iThe next exyerience that neipen my natrea c1 CT;QKpC pciiticians
in 1932 when the Veterans were staging the Bonus March to
ingtcn. The New Orleans group get aboard some empty box was
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I'm Fighting, T O Gatha the LeeGatha Eaéfgee, Screen Office Employees Guild, Hollywood,
California. In this article, his Iee went to considerable length indescribing theeffect that Claud§<éilliams had en her when he came to
Paris, Arkansas, as minister in the Presbyterian Church there in the
latter part of the "20's". This is what Gatha Mae lee had to say
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"I doubt that in very few instances has a single
man, directly or indirectly, influenced as many people as he
did while there and other places. Their ideals, opinions and
plans for actions were shifted to a new channel of thought -
and have traveled in that general direction ever since. I
could not begin to estimate the number cf thos e people, even
in my own home town, but I can certainly say that each of them
has contributed, in varying degrees, something very definite to
the cause of working people on this earth.
that set Claude Eilliams apart frrm most others in his
walk of life can be explained very simplyl He realized that young
people are and have been for a long time, more concerned with
ecrnonic security, peace and social justice than they are with
religion. They have faith in it, only as it can be applied to
their practical problems. For the most part, they either don't
feel ;r don't realize that they have to face religion; these things
must be freed if they are to survive and enj.y any happiness. Claude
Eilliors not only applied religion to their lives, but he worked
with them as a Lrother. Any minister can flibly pr ash brotherhood,
but the ~nos "He practice it are e little more difficult to find -
ju;t 1 little;
I was nvt ell eneuph at the time Claude nus in Paris
to understand vtat he was trying to dc, or to directly profit from
his inspiration, hvt there was "lcnty lit in the other people,especially my hrcthcr, Hcwnrdxge, tw share with me a year cr Sc
later when I bzceon sccially conscious, started reading, and doping
things out for myself. .. .
I have no rsazzarce that if Claude Killienm had not come to
Paris, I nculd Love been anything more than the depressed wife of a
coal miner. I an therefore prrticularly grateful to Claude illiams,
fer in this came I kn»w of no ther person who could or ntuld have
ilit a fire unler us. Cedrieqpelfrage has written e book entitled
'Sorth cf Codi, which tells more about this men and his work through-
out the S.uth.
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I am dwelling on this at length because it was a big thing
in my life - indeed the most important thing. For everything I
have done since that time, or will do in the future, will be an
indirect result of the teaching of this man. Of course since that
time, when I was eleven or twelve years old, I have read a great
deal of proletarian literature, have been in the labor movement,
and I have come in contact with hundreds of other people £rom'whom
I have learned things which contributed to my education. But I
think that I am not distinguished from any other person in the
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became interested in those things, and never forgets the person or
persons who started him thinking. 3 W
After graduation from high school in Paris, I went to
Les Angeles, California, where I got a job as an ushcrette in a
Foxewest Coast Theatre, and started to college. ,
I went to California instead of stajing in the South for a
number of rcaspns. My
eye politically and on
were none to pleasant.
collage, and had to be
make cnouah to live on Osfather and I did not see exactly eye to
u few other points, and conditions at homo
I wanted to go to e liberal but inexpensive
some place where I could work part time and
while in school. This wis not to be done in
the Siuth, or if it was I didn't find whore. al<fc¢ni2 presented
vastly a"e;i:r opportunities than Arkansas in tuis respect. Too,
I Lei been stove before and already'knew a let oi s ml} pncplc on
, . .the Coast, Lid thorgio
'training gre no in the
IL;."*'-. I firit resume among the millions »i Jwf
ivin
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of all those things that'J Lhi» I-3 1 their lat
became veal to me
fighting far. I A:
from reading :c»nn?3ss
but at the san~ :ne
it, and quite r§v'3:i,'3 92"r
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I was ben:fi-?eU
struggles of the m;
with a few<._v
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youth movemcnt and in trad unions.
c oi: era sell
"ii C Ti zf living
ers all over are
rs must face
bcoks on the renter. I A-i been sympathetic
'ittle confused as to writ to do aboutin this country; the pr:
s in the midst of whatrvL;
were
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greatly by watching an] taking part in the
ant unions on the West Coast, and in working
. progressive erganizaticns there. . . .
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Those who oppose us are fighting just as hard - they use differ-
ent methods, however; they call themselves patriotic; they
are the ones trying to keep Democracy alive, they say. But the
working class realises that under the guise of those flowery
phrases, democracy is being destroyed.
I am indeed grateful to Claude Williams, to my brother, to
my union, to the Highlander Folk School, and the countless number
of people who have contributed to my education and experience."
We,
tute of Applied is active I
in Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi.
My Transition Jenni:-yépenc er
A Jennie Spencer, Recording Secretary, Textile Workers Union,
Local # ll, Roanoke, Virginia. This article concerns hiss Sponsors
work with the Y. E2 C. A. and her experience with the American Viscose
C;rporat'on, Roanoke, Virginia. E155 Spencer mentioned meetingRUSSELL/%ABCOCK in 1936 in connection with her work at the Y. W. C. A.
and the following is quoted from her article concerning RUSSELL BABCOCK:
"Now the war nongers of this country are having tLeir way and
have called Russell Beboock to the army. Where will they send him?
What will he have to do? . - . I don't think he would think
the thing to do is to go across the waters and kill humor oeings.
How do cur churches reason with sending men into a battle
field to be butchered, killed; or to ask themselves the question,
"Is God on my side"? Russell had taught English in Russia three
years. Ho said that my home was equivalent to the best home in
Russia. They called on him quite frequently to teach Sunday School
in Russia and he did provided they would allow him to teach his style."
The Farmer is the Man Joarétthews
Joel Matthews, Cannery Worker and Printer, Moansville, Georgia.
This article concerns a publication of a monthly entitled "The Country Parson"
by a Congregational minister and Joel Matthews which was dedicated to the
principle of freedom and justice, with the following platform:-._
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racial justice for all. 5 The right of every group or class to
its own collective bargaining agency. 6 - Equality of all men before
the state and before God. 7 - Cooperation and brotherhood in everyday
life. 8- Not a drop of American blood shed on foreign battlefields.
My Labor Experiences Paui<inn
Paul Winn, Vice President, Goodwill Furnace Workers IUMM &
SW, Wrigley, Tennessee. This article concerns the organizing of the employees
of the Tennessee Products Corporation at Erigley, Tennessee. Winn mentioned
the dynamiting of a pipeline of the Tennessee Products Corporation during
the strike there the latter part of 1937 and the early part of 1938 and
suggested that the company had planned this dynamiting in order to blame it
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What I-IIGHLANDER means to Me Vfillimiéldridge
William Eldridge, Carpenters Local # 74, Monteagle, Tennessee.
This article is short and is being quoted in its entirety, as follows:
"Being a close neighbor of Highlander Folk School and abready
having some ideas of what they are doing I have learned what other
Unions are doing through the students and teachers and their ways
of attacking the bosses and grafters. I am sure I can put some of
this to my use. I think all hero will help put a prop under the
labor movement.
I have attended the social functions for quite a time and
have really enjoyed the square dances with the real old
mountaineer string music and the ball games. Occasionally I hear
a speaker, which are so abundant, some being very distinguished men.
thy the Folk School still reap it's share and have more of these
speakers, especially during school terms, to show students what kind
of people endorse the school so they can talk about it back home.
In this manner more people will become interested in the school and
Unions will send more and more students. Finally, greater steps will
be taken by Labor and we will have some of the pie now instead of
it all in the sky when we die."
lit is to be noted that WILLIAM ELDRIDGE is the son of Mr. and Hrs.T§;;;§§ELDRIDE-at whose home itjill be subsequently reported that the
loung Communist League mot. C. _ 92KILBY also secured an affidavit from
gvrhich will be subsequently set out. -
On and orr the Mountain J. Jaiariewe
J. D. Marlowe, Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America,
Montcaglc, Tennessee. According to J. D. MARLGWE's article, he was born
on the Cumberland Mountain near Sewance, Tennessee, 1917. The pertinent
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good luck. to stopped at Donham's home in-. . . .JL .- /<1-.- , -=;5=1;r¢;,n,a~§Iz-..-v ~ '
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J. D. MAr1owe's article is set out as follows:
"My father worked with the N. Ct & St. L. Railway. we
moved around quite a bit. At the time I finished grade
school, we were living at Summerficld near Mbnteagle,
Tennessee on the Cumberland Mountain.
In 1931, yles Horton started the Hig "" *" "L " HLCLHQET BULK DCHODJ.
Monteagle; a school for promoting the philosophy
of unionism and eduating union leaders for tho South.
Our community was small and qiite a degree of excitement was
created when he came. He explained the idea of the school
around the community and mountain and soon had many friends.
people gathered there to hear speakings and to discuss their_LZ]-In
The
OWT1
problems. Toffie, one of the staff members, called a square dance
and everyone had a good time. The school soon became the intellectural
and social center of the community. I was a frequent visitor to the
school and became well acquainted with all the staff menbers.
Throught them I learned the philosophy of unionism.
In 1933 I went to the six weeks session at the school and
attended classes as a day student. The students were
from local unions in the south- After the
¢§1wnrd one of the students and I wont to
had been on strike for some
there was only one cow loft
on 3; Allardt which is near-92/'..,
opiorg.
It had a f ne group of
mountaineers, college students and professors;
but we all had the same interest at heart, andgqhighlandor at Al1ardt,,Tennessec. toterm was over, Ignham
help build a labor school
hitch-hiked and had very
Rildor, Tennessee and
stayed over night. Things were in a bad way thcro; the minors
people in our work camp. They
a varied group,.
things ran very smoothlytime and people were starving. In fact,
in that district. The next day we went
Jamestown, the birthplace of glyin
1'.FEI'¬
e ran things on a democratic basis, and everyone worked equally.
Out cook took good care of us, and kept plenty of K. P. duty on
hand to be done. The school was never finished for the lack cffunds.-
4-. "|'9292-.4-92_ -92<LllL- 1
vacation,
library and I read a lot --- mostly about labor history,
and trade unions-I» 1-1'1 ' Inr~-'| Thn*-irncr
around Highlander qzite a bit. They had a
During the winter of 1936, my brother and I went to K
On our way we stopped in Cleveland, Tennessee, where the
mills were on strike. The next morning with the organizer. .years I spent in going so puolic scnccl -_. .5
good
economics,
noxvillc.
woolen
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H
FR.A1j%AI~IIEL, we went on the picket line, my first experience. I
was expecting a fight or two but nothing happened and I was
disappointed. In Knoxville, we lived with a group of organizers and
TVA office workers. we rented an apartment and did our own cooking,
washing, etc.
There, we carried on an educational program for the
Tbrkers Alliance, and an organizing campaign for the steel
workers. we passed out labor papers and CIO pamphlets, etc. to the
workers. Some took them gladly;- others tore them up and threw them
on the ground. The CIO in the latter part of '37 organized and got
better wages and conditions for factory workers in and around Knoxville
In 1940, I began work in the carpenter trade in Chattanooga.
I worked there until October and then went to work in Tullahema
where the Government was building an Army camp. I worked there
until the camp was finished; returning to Chattanooga for a wile.
After this I came back
at Highlander. After
go back to Chattanooga
this is the only place
But people must eat and there
The timber has been out out; the
robbed out. The living standard for the most part
If all the people herehone in Mnteagle and started to school here
the school sessionis over I guess I will
to work. I hate to leave the mountain for
I feel like is home. . . .
aren't many jobs here.
coal mines, all but a few; are
.- .-. -....__._-- 1 .-T...J.:s Val] .|.92.n-
are to make a decent living what are they going
to do? The EPA pays $30.00 a month. There must be something better."
C. H. KILBY furnished this office with a mineographed press release
dated Kay 26, 1941 at Lbnteaglo, Tennessee, the pertinent ports of which
are set out as follows:
"John Tsfones, CIO legislative representative and Labor's Non-
Pertisan League Director, flayed the Vinson Bill and other anti-
labor legislation in an address to Highlander Folk School students
sttendine the sorinn session. Twentyeight full and part time students
irom rural Georgia to the textile area of Virginia received assurance
of support intho fight against the poll tax.
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Among the representatives of the 15 AF of L, CIO, and unaffiliated
national organizations were sugar and construction workers from ,
New Orleans, boatment and packing house workers from Memphis, and
teachers, office workers and miners from eight states. lith few
exceptions, the students were officials of newly formd organizations.
The regular staff was assi ted by Williafaves, regional Wage anHour director; Hollis Yiféeid, legislative representative of theRailroad Brotherhood and the chairman of the Tennessee Commonwealth
Federation; Paul Rf<Christopher, state CIO secretary; Lewid<§5U§$,
American Federation of Teachers, Fisk University; illiaqgnten,
chairman Atlanta Industrial Unon Council and member of the UnitedAutomobile .'.'or1<ers; 1lsrgar0?¢1ment, writer; _I_!r. .'i';;_ltci:3_?J.1i;en.
strauch, Industrial Engineering Department, Columbia University;
and Elton Lawrence, Southern LNPL representative. People from the
local community joined the students in evening classes,
square dances, picnics and ball games. A~farewell banquet and
propram_gf labor songs, puppets and plays ended the session.
Filliam"Davis, a Notional Maritime Union students was toastmaster.
The two weeks session provided an opportunity for various southern
groups to get together. Eighty-one representatives of twenty-
three national unions from all branches of labor met for a week-
end conference on "Labor and Politics." The officials and a number
of executive board members of the Tennessee Commonwealth Fe eration
were present. Among the officials of the Southern Confer ce for
Human Helfare at the schoolkggre vicepresident Virgin r; the
farm re esentative, Geraldharris of the Alabama Farmers Union;Josephfgglders, secretary of the Civil Rights Committee; and Alton
Lawrence, acting secretary for the Conference. More than a score of
southern organizers were also present. ,
The summer term of industrial, farm and office workers will begin
August 16 and run for six weeks. Mrs. Roosevelt and other friends
of the school have_provided a limited number of scholarships.
Student applications are being accepted.
As a part of Highlander's year-round program, Mary Lawrence of the
staff is conducting an officors' training school for the New Orleans
Industrial Council. The opening sessioh was attended by 120 local
officials. She will be assisted by four students who were selected
by the Council to attend the spring session."
This press release was Signed by MILES HORTON and willln retained
in the files of the Knoxville Field Division.
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furnished this
office with the July 1941 issue of the Highlander Fling, the official
publication of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. The following pertinent articles
are sot out:
"ALUMNI ARE CIO DELEGATES
Miss s1LL:$<6wmsss, a member of UCAPAWA from Memphis, and
a student in Highlander's Spring term 1941, was elected a vice-
president of the state CIO body at its second annual convention
held in Chattanooga May 31, June 1; Other former students of Highlander
attending the convention as delegates were Ed7§lair, Amalgamated
Clothing Workers organizer d holder of the Eleanooosevcltscholarship in l9LO;' Paudggnn ne, Mill and Smelter WorkersUnion, Wrigley, Tennessee. Ednéfgmb, ACWA, LaFollette, Tennessee;Zilphia Horton and DillarK§ing were visitors.
HFS Endorsement .
A resolution reiterating the endorsement of Highlander was
passed. The resolution took notice of the fact that Highlander had
been attacked recently by organizations not identified with the labor
movement and said that "any attack on the Highlander Folk School
by an individual or organization will be regarded as an attack on
the organized labor movement, and such individuals and organizations
will brand themselves as enemies of organized labor in Tennessee and
the South".
' I'n1__ ____-_-1 _z92 -~s__..1J' ;-.__: __.1. _.-92.-__ _._____.-L_-_-_ _,-_____.n._____- ___a &_._.._-__.--____JJIG FBPUFU bl £'d.1.J,,d_"{.u1.Il§JLUPHEI, L:2LE!CIlL-lVE3 bB£.I¬2L:92I'_f anu UIUd.bU.I'¬1',
showed remarkable pwogress in expanding the organization. illian
4£Turnblas§r, of the UEWA, was reelected president."
"PLAHS LAID FOR WRITERS SCHOOL
Highlander will hold its third annual workshop for studentwriters July 28 through August 9. The session will bg under the
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THE TEACHERS
Teachers will be specially assembled for s session. In
charge of short story and poetry will be Ear ipsley, novelist,
magazine writer, and former teacher of writing at Hood College.
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Charles W:¬;erguson, as associate editor of "The Reader's
Digest" and author of "Fifty Million Brothers" and "The Confusion of
Tongues" will teach non-fiction writing, including the special
sugjects of radio journalism and the picture story.
Lcalcn }{§ones, formerly of the Carolina aymakers and a play
writing student of Paul Green and Frederick , Koch, new a faculty
member cf Missouri State Teachers College where he directs the
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GUEST SPEAKERS
A_nunber of wellkncwn Souths n writers, Harry Harrisekroll,James/Still, Ida lakbcre, H. C;<§¬xcn among others, have written
that they will visit the school during the Workshop, their plans
permitting at that time.
Thcs interesc. g should apply at once to
Workshop Director, Total cost cf the session, tuition
and board included, is cne week, $15.00."
"JUNIORS CAMP AT HIGHLFLNDER
Twenty-three boys and girls between the ages cf eight and fifteen
have completed the second annual Junior Union Camp for terkors'
children at Highlander, which was held during the two weeks following
June 9. Zilphia Herten and Hargarcryan were in char e of thecamp. Zilphia taught folk dancing and singing; HhriaKgtenzel hold
classes in arts and crafts. The boys and girls made their own puppets
under the supervision ef »on Wilson and put on Saturday night showsfor all to enjoy. Harrj§%gskor "taught" the campers by telling them
a serial story every night around a camp fire.
The Junior Camp, like everything else at the school, was run on a
cooperative basis. The children had the responsibility of keeping
their cabins clean, washing dishes, setting tables, keeping their
clothes in good order and so on. Large amounts of sleep and good
food allowed them to carry a full program and at the same time
build good health and gain weight.
Tabulation of the union affiliations of the campers parents
showed the following: 13 with the AFL; seven with the CIO; three
unclassified.
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These workers children, who came from communities in
Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia and Arkansas, returned to their homes
with a rich experience in cooperative living. They understand some
of the fundamentals cf unionism, know how to produce short, simple
skits, and have learned to sing the labor songs familiar to union
- people."
"FORK CAMP IS IN SESSION
Works Camps for America, new a division of the International
Student Service, is sponsoring a work camp at Highlander again this
Summer. The general purpose of hork Camps for America is:
"To provide young men and women with an opportunity to do useful
work and to study social issues from personal experience, to encourage
a deeper individual concern fer the general welfare to the nation,
to enlist their wholehearted support for a democracy responsive to
the needs of its citizens, to promote mutual understanding among
diverse economic, religious, and social groups, and to aid youth
in the discovery of a personal philosophy and a social idealism
which will help to carry them through the stormy period ahead."
The campers, age 18 to 24, are drawn from all religious, economic
and social groups, the majority coming from the ranks of college
students."
"NEWS NOTES
Zilphis Horton is teaching music again this year at the YWCA
industrial girls summer session, held at Camp Merrie Wood, Sapphire,
N. C.
Jg@<§ombrowski made a speaking trip through New England during
April. He appeared before the Greenfield, Mhss., Central labor
Union at its annual banquet, and spoke to students at Mount Holyoke,
Smith, and Amherst College.
Lgrles Horton was one of the speakers at the conference of
Southern Mountain horkcrs which met in Knoxville this spring.
A 70-acre farm adjoining Highlander has been added to the
School's property. It was purchased for the use of the school by
Dr. Lillian W. Johnson, donor of the original site.
The Highlander personnel has been expanded by the addition oftwo people. Joa§?¥Eyne, who trained in nursery school work at
Sarah Lawrence College, has taken charge of the Summerfield Nursery
School. Harry Lasker came to Highlander after his recent graduation from
the University of North Carolina.
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"Democracy'5 Drama in the Hills," by Badich, is the story
which appeared in the February issue of Social Work Today, de-
scribing recent reactionary attacks upon Highlander."
"THE NEW ORLEANS PROGRAM
Mary Lawrence, Highlander extension director, is back in New
.Orleans where she
program under the
,%Xanrie has beenin
the two weeks sheis in the midst of conducting an educational
sponsorship of the Industrial Union Council.
New Orleans since about April 1, except for
returned to Highlander to teach at the two weeks
term. Four officials of local unions were selected by the Council
to attend the term, and already they are making use of their
Highlander training by assisting with the educational program back
hone. Laurie recently wrote "Tonight I meet a general educational
committee with the four HS kids apologies to Hazel, Boo Boo,
Blackie, and Alvin - Laurie didn't know this letter was for pub-
licaticn! as the backbone. They have already given good account
of themselves, and I think they are going to be a tremendous help
to me."
The New Orleans extension program began with an Officers!
Training School, with 120 attending the opening meeting. Classes
in public speaking and parliamentary law, union publicity, labor
history, and union problems were set up, and were scheduled several
tines a week so as to give all who desired a chance to attend.
The popularity of public speaking and parliamentary law has made
it advisable in the future to separate the two, and run them both
as full length classes.
The first tcrmcf the Officers Training School ended Hay 9
with a speaker on the National labor Relations Act; a panel discus-
sion on "Taking up Grievances" nith five CIO representatives parti-
cipating; and a "Labor's Information, Please" contest.
At present, the New Orleans program is concentrating on an
effort to help newly crganized locals understand and overcome
their problems. Classes in parliamentary law, public speaking, and
general union education have been started for all union members on
both sides of the River. A special course for shop stewards and shop
committeemen on "Taking up Grievances" opened June d. In addition,
Iawric is conducting educational programs for individual unions.
The Inland Bcatnen Division of the NUU selected a small group who
desire to learn hon to give the membership as a whole a better
understanding of their organization. The class started with an
analysis of their contract. Classes in public speaking and parliamen-
tary law are being held for the Transport Korkers Union. Other unions
have requested special classes.
-32-
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lawrie will return to Highlander for the six weeks term, and
we hope she will bring another
In an article entitled "ANew Orleans delegation with her."
Day at the Nursery School" by
Joan Payne, Director, it is indicated that the HIOHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL reopened its nursery school for the Summerfield Community
en may 12, 1941 for its third ear. Joan Payne, the Director,
is being
children
planningassisted by Dorothfffgomas of Summerfield and twelve
ranging in age from 2% to 6 are enrolled with five more
to start within the next few weeks.
m1m<>-
graphed summary of the
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
by JAIES DOLEBHOUSKI as
files of the Knoxvillefor the first
Chairman. Thi
Field Divisionactivities and a financial statement of the
six months of 1941. This is signed
s summary will be retained in the
and is being set forth as fellows:
"BIC-Hl.ANDE'.R .11 HOME _
D/-0'-in rs. "1'92.~. Q i92.c;ul.n,X'192.C i92.l" TI1, - . -
Kay 12-24. They represented s
Fourteen more attended pcrtien
Junior Union Camp: The camp to
lenEe§_tHEEl§§t_year's, and t
three children cf union member
and played at Highlander from
the young campers the A. F. of
labor Conferences: Labor's Non
§outhern conference at the sch
spring term had'the advent: e
of twenty-three organizati~ns
. session from
ix states and ton labor unions.
s of the session as part time students.
rm for workers' children was
he enrollment was larger. Twenty
s, rsnping in age from 8-15, worked
June 9-22. Araong the parents of
L. predoninet;d by about tw. to one.
-Partisan League held its second
eel Pay 16-17. Students at the
of meeting eighty-one representatives
.0 "ttended, and of hearing the dis- - . c wr H - - - -
cussiens. On June 7-8, the school became headquarters for the annual
tri-state institute of the Ame
In the Sunrerfieli Connunity:
the iealership If the school,rican Federation of Hosiery Workers.
A community garden was started under
as part of the Summerfield Cooperative
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fifty~one books to adults and seventy juvenile books to children.
Nineteen children from fifteen Summerfield families attended the
Nursery School which began its new term on may 12. Five of the
neighborhood families sent their children there for the first time.
Kiss Joan Payne of Sarah Lawrence College, who directs the
nursery school work this year, started a series of weekly
meetings for young girls in the neighborhood, for the purpose of
education and recreation.
In Grundy County: The School's new traveling library distributed
a total of 7?? Books, of which 343 were juvenile. Weekly dis- '
tribution of news sheets and cartoons on unionism had to be dropped
after three months because of the pressure of other work. However,
the school organised a class in clay modeling in the neig "rhing
community of Laager.
HGHLANDER ABROAD,
Extension Work: Mary Lawrence, a member of the Highlander
teaching staff, launched an educational program for the CIO
Industrial Union Council in New Orleans. Ono hundred and twenty
union members attended the opening of the cfficers' training
Q1.-.._"l L."|-."l,-I 1 ' ' 'school, which incluhes classes in labor history, parliamentary law
public speaking, publicity, and union problems. 5pecial classes
have been added as they were requested by individual unions, and the
school is still carrying on this work.
Staff members helped Paul Christopher, State CIO secretary,
and other labor leaders in the organizing work, both in the county
and State.
MILES HORTON was elected chairman of the Education Committee
of the State Convention of the CIO held in Chattanooga lhy 31 -
June 1, and several other staff members attended the Convention.
The school was also represented at the state conference on Democracy
held on Lincoln's Birthday in Nashville; at the Berea College Studen
labor Conference in March; the spring conference of the Southern
Mountain Ebrkers at Knoxville; the meetings of the Southern Con-
ference for Human Welfare Council, and the Tennessee Commonwealth
Federation Council. A class in music was given at the YWCA indus~
trial girls' summer school at Camp Merriewood, Sapphire, N. C. by
Zilphia Horton, music director at Highlander Folk School.
Highlander's function as a center for progressive thought and
action is attested-by the large number of teachers, writers, journa-
lists, labor leaders, government officials, social workers, and many
other groups who visited the school during the past six months.
James Donbrcwski
Chairman
_34-
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sees;HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
Financial Statement - First Six months
ggggunxwuaas
Household:
Food
Equip. & repair
Supplies
Light & Heat
labor
Laundry
Office:
Postage
Telephone & Telegraph
Addressograph & Mimeo
Express & Freight
Printing & Stationery
Supplies
Equipment
Travel:
Recruiting students
Raising funds
Car maintenance local!
Extension & Conferences
Miscellaneous travel
Staff, personal expenses
Farm expenses
Community and Education
Nursery school supplies1941
$828.27
422.57
194,67
207.32
187.03
78.66
$575.81
106.89
41.94
37.56
149.73
167.03$1,916.52
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In connection with the Work Camp sponsored by the HIGHLANDER
FOLK SCHOOL from June 30 to July 27, 1941, C. H. KILBY advised that Mr.
STANI£QF§EiETON, official of the Tennessee Consolidated Coal Company,
Tracy City, Tennessee, was requested by HARRY ETQTASKER, a member of»
the staff of the HEGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL by letter dated June 26, 1941
to speak at the work camp, however, Mr; HAMPTON declined to do so. Mr.
HAMPTON turned over to KILBY a printed and illustrated booklet printed
by Work Camps for America, International Student Service, 8 West
40th Street, New York City. It is to be noted that the International
Students Service has contributed largely to the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL.
The above mentioned booklet and the accompanying letter from HARRY M. LASKER
to STANLEY HAMPTON will be photographed and returned to C. H. KILBY. '
This booklet indicates that the work camps have1rprogram calling
for a conbination of work and a discussion of local economic conditions.
This booklet lists five work camps, namely:
Cotton Region Work Camp
Mauldin, South Carolina
Middle Western Work Camp
Hudson, Ohio
Rural New England Work Camp.
Grafton, N. H.
Wyoming Valley Work Camp
Wilkes-Barre, Penna.
Highlander Folk School
Mcnteagle, Tennessee
A typical work day is as follows:
Reveille
Breakfast M.
Work ' - con
Lunch O P. M.
Study and recreation
also trips to community! -
lectures and Discussion - . M.
Dinner P. M.
K
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The Executive Committee of the International Student Service
is given as follows:
! Dr. Alvin Johnson, Chairman !Dr. Walter Kotschnig' Ms. Henry Goddard leach, lst ViceChai fur. Joseph Kruger
* Dr. Max Lerner
Mrs. David M. Levy
M. Archibald MacLeish
Miss Fiora Mariotti
Miss Gertrude in-IcKitterick
Hrs. Dwight Morrow
Dr. William A. Neilson
Hss Marjorie Nicolson
/DE-. Reinhold Niebuhr rMrs. Eliot D. Pratt, 2nd ViceChairma1
1?. Algernon D. Black
_ , Dr. Alfred E. Cehn
' f M. John Darnell
1; ,Dr. L. C. Dunn
1,,/Dr. Clyde Eagleton ' .-,
//5 M. A. Roland Elliott ,
- Dr. Edgar J. Fisher j
Dr. William Fletcher
_; Dr. Carl J. Friedrich f Mr. Eliot Pratt
i Dr. Harry Gideense T 3 Miss Jane Seaver
Mr. Allan Gottlieb . Dr. George Shuster
. Er. Kenneth Holland l Mr. Robert G. Spivack
Hr. Ernest W1 Jennes Miss Ingrid Warburg
Wiese-
graphed press release dated July 28, 1941 at Ebnteagle, Tennessee and drawn
up by WILLIAM BUTTRICK, HIGHLAHDER FOLK SCHOOL. This press release, which
will be retained in the files of the Knoxville Field Division, is set out
as follows:
" Willia@KFuttrick
Monteagle, Tenn.
MONTEAGLE, July 28 -- The Highlander Work Camp, a foureweeks
term of work and study for young people, came to a close at
Highlander Folk School near here yesterday. Eighteen campers
completed 1,114 man-hours of work clearing land for reforestation,
building a pottery wheel for a local cooperative and repairing
the community nursery school building.
In addition to the daily work schedule, the members of the
nam-a rsnnzarvcmi -in Q c+nr1-tr nf +.lm:. n'r92n'h'!;=1-nr: nF' +1-u-Fr: -nan-inn. "T'hncamp Quauuu in a uuuuJ VL vuu p.-----L U. this .-gi- . .n.
educational program included a number of field trips to points
in Grundy County, Copperhill, the Cherokee National Forest,
and Huntsville, Ala.
Directed by Dr. James §£ Dombrowski, the session was
sponsored by Wbrk Camps for merica, a division of the Inter-
national Studcnt Service.
-37_
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General purpose of Work Camps of America is "To provide
young men and women with an opportunity to do useful work
and to study social issues from personal experience, to encourage
a deeper individual concern for the general welfare of the
nation, to enlist their wholehearted support for a democracy
responsive to the needs of its citizens, to pomote mutual
understanding among diverse economic, religious, and social
groups, and to aid youth in the discovery of a personal philoso-
phy and a social idealism which will help to carry them through
the stormy period ahead".
Nearly 800 American Youths are attending work camps this
summer according to the NEW YORK TIMES of July 20, participating
in a movement which has been growing in this country since the first
camp was held in 1933 by the American Friends Service Committee.
This year's is the third work camp at Highlander Folk School.
The Friends conducted one here in 1938 and work Camps for America
had another in 1940.
ll
g prospectus prepared by the Highlander Folk School announcing a six
weeks summer term from August 18 to September 27, 1941, which was open to
Southern men and women recommended by rural or industrial organizations.
This summer term was to include the following courses:
Union Problems
Labor History
Economics
Journalism
Public Speaking
Parliamentary law
Mimeographing and Posters
Dramatics
yusic and Recreation "
This prospectus will be retained in the files of the Knoxville
Field Division.
m:i.meo-
bfdphd booklet containing 29 pages, entitled "we Know the Score", pre-
pared by the HEGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. This booklet is described as the
story of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL students of August 17 to September 27,
191.1 Fall term 1941! 'Ihis booklet will be retained in the files of the
Knoxville Field Division.
-33-
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"we Know the Score" is on the some order as "The South Tomorrow"
prepared by the students of the HEGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL for the spring
torn 1941. This booklet will be handled in the same way as "The South
Tomorrow". There are articles written by fourteen different students in
"we Know the Score" These articles and their authors are as follows:
1
Farm Boy Stephe@EKing
Stephen King, Business Agent and Secretary~Treasurer,
United Construction Workers Organizing Committee, Local 198, New Orleans, la.
This article mentioned that MARY LAWRENCE helped organize the workers at
the Colotex Corporation, New Orleans, La.
How I Became Interested in the labor Movement Barneyyerel
Barney Morel, American Federation of Hosiery Workers, Branch 65,
New Orleans, La. This article concerns the organizing of the employees of
the Alden Hosiery Kills, New Orleans, La. It also mentions MARY'IAWRENCE.
Three or Four Things About Martin Butz ' martiéxetz
Martin Butz, Recording Secretary, United Construction workers
Organizing Committee, Local 260, New Orleans, Louisiana. This article
concerns the organizing of the Johns Manville Plants, New_Orleans, La.
Martin Huts was born_§eptember 25, 1914 q§n§gQonoughyille£ La," His mother
died when he was sevenyea¥§5Tégéf""6H'February 3, 1924 he was placed in
the St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, which is a Catholic institution. On October 12,
l929,tn:nes sent to the Hope Haven Home for Boys wherehe stayed until
June 3, 1934- From his article it is apparent that he has had a hard time
making a living and is strong for the CIO, however, his article tends to
indicate that although he is strong for labor unions he does not believein any radical change in our form of Government.
,1
uy Life Hele? {-zlaneuville
Helen Delaneuvillc, United Sugar Rorkers, Local 1124,
New Orleans, La. This article concerns the organizing of the employees of
the Sugar Refinery at Reserve, la. Hss Delaneuville states that the
sugar workers were making 30¢ per hour and suggested that the sugar workers
strike just before grinding time in mid October when the sugar has to be
ground right away or spoil. She made the following statement: " I think
while the Defense Program is on the workers should get all they can get
because when the war is over the worker's wages will be cut. They arn't
eettinr anything new - what is 30¢ an hour? If you cut thirty cents you
wouldn't have anything." '
-39..
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I Changed My Mind Alviéreen
Alvin Green, American Federation of Hcsiery'%trkors, Branch 65,
New Orleans, Louisiana. This article concerns organizing Hosiery Workers.
Green mentions that he was once prejudiced against unions connected with the
CIO because he thought that it was communisticly controlled but that he has
changed his mind now.
My Viewpoint as a Worker T. gaéhanlandingham
T. G. Vanlandingham, United Auto Eerkers, Local 903,
Eemphis, Tennessee. This article concerns the signing of a contract with
the union by the Fcrd Plant at Memphis, Tennessee. Vanlandingham's
article was very temperate and it sounded as though he is conservative
and American in his views. An article that appeared in the Chattanooga
Times dated at Monteagle, Tennessee, august 28, l94l, is in the files of
the Knoxville Office. This article indicated that the scholarship offeredby Ers=&%ranklin Delano Roosevelt to the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was awarded
to THO ANLANDINGHAM and that VANLANDINGHAM and his wife were at the time
of the article, attending a six weeks summer session. The article
further indicated that last year the Eleanor Roosevelt scholarship wasawarded to E§K§LAIR who is new on a southern organizing staff concerning
Southern Hill Workers. .
A Bit of My Life !largarei?¬.n.].a.ndingha.m
Eargaret Vanlandingham, lbmphis, Tennessee, is the wife of
THEO VLNLANDINGHAM. She devoted her article to her experience working
for a ten-cents store.
Ups and Downs on the River Arthuéflgnch
Arthur lynch, National Maritime Union, Eenphis, Tennessee.
- This article concerns organizing workers on the Mississippi River.
They the Really Count DurwardkE5Daniel
Durward McDaniel, Norman,Oklahoma. This article concerns
conditions in the oil field of Oklahoma and the organizing of oil workers.
Apparently McDaniel lost his eye-sight in an explosion in the oil fields.
A little About Colombia and Myself Juan Silg%fGarcia
Juan Silva Garcia, Socretario General Del Sindicato De Correso
y Telegrafes, Bogota, Colombia. This article concerns the progress of
Colombia with social legislation, the progress of labor unions in Columbia
and Garcias' experience as General Secretary of the postal and telegraphic
workers. Garcia said that he was going to inform the Minister of Labor
in Colombiaixagreat detail concerning the HEGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL and
- -40-
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9
the inportant job it is doing in the education of the American workers.
Garcia received a scholarship for the Highlander Folk School in the
name of the Pan American Union.
mortoiF£avis, Memphis, Tennessee,_wrote two articles, namely,
"One Captain Only" and "The Lake Scottom' ". The following excerpt-
is from Morton Davis article entitled "One Captain Only"
"The progressive labor organizations of this country have done a
great job in throwing the yoke off the laboring class. But it is
only the beginning. The greater work is yet to be done.
we all realize that this present prosperity is caused by the
war; that the unemploymentsituation is in reality still critical.
And we know that the longer the war goes on the more labor will
be expected to sacrifice.
Although the competitive capitalistic system of the United
States works untold hardships upon the working man, I do not propose a
change of government. This country is still being run by the
people. They seem to be running it into the ground, but they are
still running it. It is up to the people to unite and try to run
' it in a way more suitable to all the people, not just thefew.
we should have a nation-wide educational program for the working
people. They should be taught that by rights the people own the
coal mines, the railroads, and the industries; that the capita-
lists acquired them by bribery, fake land grants, and many other
corrupt ways. How they acquired them is now water over the dam.
It is up to the people to collect what is theirs in wages.
Lincoln said Revolutionize throught the ballot box, and in
another speech: Every working man should unite. The freedom
to work at will and to obtain power and wealth has been afforded
every man, and ambitious men have made this the greatest pro-
ducing country in the world. Of course there is a considerable
amount of exploitation, but that is what unions are for: to
counteract the exploitation of the industrialists and capitalists."
Davis then talked about working on boats and the coming of the Nation-
al Nbritimc Union CID! and the resulting improvement of conditions. Davis
then continues:
"The C. I. 0. has fought its nay to power against tough
opposition. The capitalists, with the aid of the newspapers,
fought the unions with all the fury imaginable. Yet the unions
K
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"The C. I. O. has grown strong - - - too strong for anyone who
doesn't have the welfare of the working man at heart. The C. I. D.
will stay powerful as long as it has to keep fighting. In the days
to come it is going to have a long, hard fight. I'll string along
with the C. I. O. as long as it is condemned and persecuted by the
vi h."
LU Ideas About Today Phili1?é'allick
Phillip Fallick, New York, New York. In this article
Philip Fallick says that he was born poor and for the greater part of his
life has lived poorly. He was born in the slums of Manhattan but when
he was three years old, his family moved to another section of New York that
was an improvement over the place where he was born but was still a poor
section. The pertinent part of Fallick's article is set out as follows:
"Until I was fourteen the biggest weekly income my family
ever had at any time was twenty-five dollars. . . .
M school career was average. I passed and failed subjects
just as most of the others did. I did not take a real interest in
school till my second year in high school. At this time I got
a job selling the NEW YORK TIMES to the students. Handling this
paper every day cf the week made me pay some attention to the news
of the world, nation, and city. . . .
At this time I also began to get a crop of the better, more
liberal teachers. I became interested in labor. One day I saw two
old men fighting in the street. I rushed over to see what it was
all about. One of the men told me the other was a scab and had
taken his job. It was here that I did a very stupid thing, one
that I have since regretted. I tried to stop that fight._..l-_' ;
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I see in this world today a struggle between the forces of evil
and the millions of people opposed to those forces. I consider
as the evil forces all of those who continually try to beat down
the other group and who try in many ways to make these people
subject to the rule of themselves. In this class I include the
Nazis, Fascists, gangsters, crooked politicians. Lords of the
Press and last but not least the rich employers who are always
attemption to destroy democratic labor unions.
I remember but a short time back the Yugoslav people overthrow-
ing the government that was about to make them subject to the
rule of Hitler, and I remember too the strike which the employees
of millionaire Ritchie's bus company called in order to
get a decent standard of living. Both these acts were part of the -
fight of the peoples of this world against Fascism. In the case
of Yugoslavia we see the part of Fascism called tyranny. In the
bus strike we see the part called inequality.
-The strikers and the Yugoslavs-were fighting for democracy,
for the right to better one's living standards. Beth groups refused
to be pushed around, both were standing up for their rights. Both
fights were equally important.
Many more examples can be given of people refusing to be bullied
The battle new being fought by the British, the Russian, the Chinese,
the victories won by the Ford, Bethlehem, and Republic Steel
employees, the underground battle the conquered but not beaten
peoples of occupied countries are fighting - - - all these
are the great illustrations of the determination of the masses
throughout the world to revolt against tyranny.
I believe that no matter how long the struggle lasts, victory
for the masses is certain. As seen as it becomes the power be»
hind the government then we will have government of the people,
by the people, and for the people."
The Way I Look at It Jieyiggle
Jim Riggle, American Newspaper Guild, Corpus Christi, Texas.
This article concerns Rigg1e's e pc iencc in writing for various newspapersin the country and with Mr. M. E5%§NG, SecretaryTreasurer of the Industrial
Union Council of Corpus Christi. The following pertinent part of Ri;gle's
article are quoted:
"When I finished high school I started traveling for different
newspapers. I shifted to different parts of the country:
Nebraska, Chicago, then back to Kansas, then Missouri. I began
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Kto realize that the cards are stacked against the masses. I be-
gan to realize that no matter how hard a person tried, it seemed
that he could only go so far in improving his standard of living.
It seemed that if you did accumulate anything or had obligations
the boss knew about it and you were kept down. No matter how
hard you tried to forge ahead you were stopped one way or another.
After a time I got my bellyful of the phoncy setup people have
to live under and I came to the conclusion that the only way
to better living conditions is to work in a group and be so
organized that you can demand your wants from the socalled big-
shots that we are forced to work for. . . .
I believe in the labor movement. Everybody has to work.
No one's ever going to give you anything. You have to fight for
what you got. As long as you're on this ball of mud you might
as well get all you honestly can. You don't know where you're
going when you get out of here. I believe your heaven and hell
are right here on earth; you might as well have as much heaven
as you can."
Learning the Score Bettyeggldstein
Bettye Goldstein, Peoria, Illinois, was born in Peoria
in 1921. She is Jewish; her father was a business man. Miss Goldstein
crwrznted extensively on the fact that 99% of the people in Peora lived
in the lower end of Peoria and 1% lived on the Bluff. Miss Goldstein
lived on the Bluff. She stated that she had never met any of the 99%
and stated that in the Junior High School they were separated. Most of
the lower end children went on to Manual Training School and onthe bluff
;;u went to Peoria High School. The following pertinent parts of Miss
;;idstein's article is setout as follows:
"When I was sixteen I wrote a composition called "Education
for the Masses". I pointed with scorn to the sterility, the in
adequacy, the pompous pretensions of American public school ed-
ucation. I described with cynicism the influence of the movies, radio,
advertising. These things were respected by most people. They
were considered right and beneficial. I questioned them, doubted
their value. I looked around at the people who are products of
the radio, motion picture, and advertising culture.
You run into trouble if you question things that are accepted
as right and proper. than I asked too many questions the last
year I went to Sunday school the rabbi tock me aside and told
me that I would understand better when I was elder. hen we
wanted to carry an article on social diseases in our school mag-
azine, or an article on the defects of our educational system,
.44-
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or questioning the value of high school fraternities, the author-
ities clamped a board of censors on us. _
I got into the habit of not believing things. I begau to
understand that the things you were told were devices to keep you
from thinking. I got into arguments with my family, got a reputa-
tion of being a radical. If I didn't know the score, at least I
was beginning to realise I needed to know it.
Until a year ago labor was no more than a word to me. . .
Considering my background and the nature of education in this
country this was not unusual. My father's friends own the distiller
ies and banks and office buildings of Peoria. To them the profit
of the emgtloyer is a sacred right, the just reward of the risks
of management. The employer looks out for the welfare of his
employees - - - they should be grateful. It they try to organize
they are being greedy, they are trying~to steal what does not
belong to them. If they were any gocdto begin with they wouldn't
be workers. This is a free country: any man can be a Henry Ford.
I've heard my fathers friends say things like this often! At
the time of the Michigan sit-down strikes they thought Roosevelt
should send in troops. Private property was being destroyed.
Revolution and anarchy were roaring their heads. M mother and
father think Roosevelt is a great man but they never dared say
they were going to vote for him in the last election. Their
community was rabidly for Wilkie. Roosevelt, they said, was
leading the nation into socialism.
I went to Smith College at Northampton, Massachusetts. I
learned all the arguments against things. I studied political
theories and criticisms of political theories. I road Marx and
Veblen, Steinbeck and Dos Passes. I read accounts of the Spanish
Civil war and analyses of capital and its byproducts. Theories and
facts and figures are interesting things to think and talk about,
but thinking and talking do not lead to much action.
While I felt I was ready to accept the case against capitalism
and its culture, I still knew nothing of the labor mcvement in
the United States. I knew that something called C. I. 0. existed,
but I didn't even know what the initials stood for. I studied
the history cf those last ten years in France, Germany, Spain,
Japan, China, Russia. I learned how Fascism came and what it
meant. Sc, without knowing much about it, I knew I was for the
labor movement in America. I knew I was counting on it to
prevent Fascism."
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mimeographed press release dated Monteagle, Tennessee, September 29,
1941 and signed by Dalice Probert, HIGHLANDER FoLK SCHOOL. Bath of these
mimeographed press released will be retained in the files of the Knoxville
Field Division, and the pertinent part of this press release is set out as
follows :
"Sixteen union members returned to locals throughout
the South as the six-weeks residence term at the Highlander Folk
Schcol ended Sept. 26th. Among the students was Jchrcia
from Colirbia, Louth America, second student sent by the Pan-
Amcrican Union to help develop good will in the Americas. The
students received practical training in union leadership. Five
week-end conferences were attended by a total of 156 represen-
tatives of the AF of L and CIO Unions. Conference loaders were:
Richan§Kbverall, educational director, International United
Automobile Workers; Yelvortggéowherd, regional CIO director,Birnungham; Hane$ Wllson, Tennessee Mine, Hill and Smelter Workers
representative; and Alton Iawrence 5:uthern labor's NcnPortisan
league representative.
A daily schedule of classes and discussions were led by the
staff, visiting officials, and the students themselves. . . .
Discussion groups were led by: Dr. Fl0D1nQR@bmc5, Dean Theo-
logical Seminary, University of the South, Sewanec; Georg§ Stoney,
Farm Security Administration; Williqgpébves, regional Wage and
Hour director; Paul Chrigtopher, Sec-Trees. Tennessee Industrial
Union Council; and Franhuoffeo, Social Security Board. Among
the student: were hosiery workers, bcatmen, a secretary, a sugar
refinery worker, construction workers, a newspaper employee, and
auto work r, and a postal employee. living at the school for a weekwasiongxéi, rural YWCA secretary from China. . . .
FrejZ@1eper, regional CIO directcr, New Orleans, and AllenQgeeil, southern representative of IUlmESW, conducted a week~end
conference on workers education. For the five New Orleans
students the tern was an extension of the educational program
started there four months earlier by Highlander. Mary Lawrence,
cf the Highlander Staff, has returned to New Orleans to continue
the program tith the assistance of the students selected to study
L 92 92 at Highlander. Similar workers educaticn programs are being mapped
" up out for Memphis and Bessemer, Ala.
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' Other speakers were: Mdk@?emith, Tennessee director of the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America; M. Q}<hnderson, IUMMKSW
representative; Jo§Xobbs, Chairman Organizing Committee
Chattanooga Central Labor Union; Hugankin United Mine Workersof American district representative; BetheI<%udd, HKW
representative, Memphis; O. Aa %axter, sub-regional director of
the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, Chattanooga; Mat$%ynch,
American Federation of Hosiery Workers representative; Frodg$Ehmidt,
Textile Workers Union representative; Rosannd*alker Retail andWholesale Clerks representative, Phiéadelphia; John&§ouche, CIO
representative, New Orleans; Fra llen, IUMM&SW representative;
and Edwand¥ooos, International American Newspaper Guild representa-
tive, Eirminghar.~
It is to E: 13:01 that the HOMER IL:CN mentioned in the above
Press Release was on; oi LLB CIO organizers who was flCggpd at darriman,
Tennessee. Knoxville File # 44-9!.
mimeographe! lo!tor nmd":sse! !o !he Alumnus of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
dated July 22, l?4l it Hcnbeagle, Tennessee. WILLIAQUTTHICK signed
the letter, which was sent out for the purpose of obtaining information
concerning the activities of all former students of the HEGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL in anticipation of the celebration of the Tenth Anniversary of the
School. This letter will be retained in the files of the Knoxville
Field Division. All the Alumnus of the HEGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL were
requested to fill out and return an enclosed blank, which requested that
the Alumnus furnish information concerning labor activities, community
organizations, government work, and any other kind of work, studies,
or significant activities conducted by the Alumnus of the HIGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL.
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'students of that school, in which a short biography will be given of each
student. This 3-ire:ttC':_',' has net been completed as yet-
will endeavor to ohtrin one of these directories for this office when it is
finished.
11Icen=.192'nBI1 Fem SCHOOLsent out a let or n?t;i ooptember 25, 1941 to all its Alumnus concerning
the third yearly reunfiu to be held at that school from November 28,
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~ w"ro to be announced in three weeks. This letter
was signed by 1:1é;%-nczet, lilumni Secretary.
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It 1s
to be noted that WILLIAM EAVES spoke at the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL on
September 16, 1941 on "Check up" in Saw M11 and other industries.
Reporting Agent was in Tracy City, Tennessee on September 16, 1941 and
through C. H. KILBI obtained a circular put out by the HIGHIJNDER FOLK
SCHOOL concerning the talk by WILLIAM EAVES. Accompanying this circular
was another circniar announcing that the regrlar six weeks term would
come to an enw but 1 snocial two weeks term, September 1;, to September 27
would be held so that those unable to attend the full six weeks course
could attend the last two weeks. Tho courses were: Public Speaking,
Dramatics, Parliaments? 'Inv, Union Problems, Union Publicity and Labor
legislation. Total cost for the full two weeks was $1¬.CO, however,
a limited n1;:nv.-1 cf :*'~1".-1a1'sn;?.ps were available. The .'-.aZ;..=,-r circular
also announced 1 w:¢k~-hi gnstitute to be hole at Ihc BIGRLANLZR FOLK,
scsoot on 1;: __-_:-;:~i F. e;>=;'?'1ar£';g._ ;:..:r er .1???-.=-~':-tor,
Louisiana and L;}h¢ hcT»1h_ International Re;rescn;rtIve h_re, Idll and
Smelter Lorkerr err; *0 appelr for this week~cnd institute. ALI local
unions in Alabama, é~o_,ia, Tennessee and Kentucky were urged to send
or week-end. Both of tho above ci1"Hl3TS will be delegations to sp;nn
retained in L12 f;l-; L the Knoxville Field Officg.
: r cs he knew
not any of the strd;nts the have attended HIGHLANDER FOLK SPIOOL
in the past have come from Grundy County, Tennessee. The graduates of
HIGHLANDET FOLK SCHOOL obtain jobs as labor organizers and
that every student whom he knows who wont to HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL has
a job. MILES HORTON is in a position to get a man with ability as a labor
organizer a job. In fact HORTON can place more men that are graduates of
the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL and when all of the graduates of the summer
term at the HIGHLANDFR FOLK SCHOOL had been taken up, HORTON still had an
order for eight labor organizers for District 50 of the CIO. GEORGEXOITLER,
a member of the Executive Committee of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL is Presi-
' dent of District 59 of the 310. At the end of the summer term, HORTON
was looking arwo»o or UC1 with ability for lrbor organizers to take these
jobs and was :: d. -mg p>u;le who had never even attended the HIGHLKNDER
FOLK SCHOOL. ho ]¢.t;iCfiL term that the 1CHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL will
hold at the sckt'f zcilling at Monteaga, Tcniessee, this year ended
Soptenbor 27, 1941 The nrYt term will be held sometime after the first of
next year, rn,ir RT I; rah, hawcver, it might be May or June of next
year before ant:L
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_|924 c~;os;>n will be held at Mbntoagle, Tennessee.
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this office infSept= tor 24, 1941, the Birmingham Field C¢f;cc telephoned
1Uv_+cd that in connection with the strike been being held
against tho Si1;*-gn;r Post at Birmingham, Alabama, he had obtained from aconfidential souvne of information that YELVERTO¥COWEERD, an attorneyat Birmingham, Alabama, Zng a union organizer, T. C. MCVEA, an attorneyand union organizer, JEA*92 OYEH, ED*§ELFER and HAROLBKHELFSR, the latter
51.? '"-_..-...._ .-. _#__ _,_____ _ ___i:_ ___d
depart from Birmingham on September 24, 1941 enroute to the HIGHLANDEH
FOLK SCHOOL 1n order to present the strlke to the students of that school,
at e. '.!£C";l'1g to be held on thee'.'emng of ketemher 24, 1941. It nee th~
UI1dC3I'5t:..1dlY1g oi th Blrmlngham Offlce that COW!-IERD and HOIER would
prob bly make an address relative to the labor Laws of the United States.
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Surveillance of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was conducted
by Special Agent and the writer on October 5, 19-41 from
l:l5,P. }.I., to l.:O5 P. LL, and during this time a 1941 Buick sedan bearing
New York license plates number '7?!-~'?Z.63, which is MILES HORTON's car,
was parked in frontof the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. At approximately 3:00
P. 11., a blue Plymouth sedan bearing 1941 Tennessee license plates 4-24615,
arrived and was parked in front of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. A man dressed
in khaki shirt and pants went into HIGHLANDE3 FOLK SCHOOL where he remained
for the rest of this time. No other cars appeared up to 4:05 P. M. and
inasmuch at it appeared that no meeting was being held the surveillance was
discontinued at 4:05 P. 155., however, at 6:90 P. 1.1., and again at 8:00 P. LL,
the writer was in tho vicinity of the IIIGHIANDER FOLK SCHOOL and observed
+h.~.t although the two cars previously mentioned were still there, no other
cars had arrived, nor were there any further indications that a meeting was
to he had at the arcznmznaa FOLK SCHOOL. '
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the filo. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
/} 1- I1/ Deleted under exemptionts! ,_ ._ . D/'1 Z with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Docurnenttsl originating with the following goveniniont agencytiesl . _____._.
__ ____ __ _.__ __ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Pageisl referred for consultation to the following government agencytiesl; %
u._u__._ - ._.._-. as the information originated with them. You will
he advised of availability upon return of the inuterial to the FBI.
Pagetsl withheld for the following I'¬SOl'ilSlI
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KILBY, as Councillor cf the Junior Order cf the United
Lmerican Lechanics, Tracy City Council Ne. 277, Tracy City, Tennessee,
was instrumental in organizing e group consisting cf representatives
cf the Junior Order of American Mechanics and ethir crgenizetions
f<;-r the purpose of p8.:iJ1_'j an en I.1ZlSS£.' visitation" by the citizens
.;-1 GI'u;Q-;l}f Ceunty tr. the II[GHL;J1I!I.1~1 FOLK SCHOOL on November 12, 19140.
According to KILBY no viclcnce was inteneeh ty this visitation, hcwever,, . , . - - 1the HIE.-1;'L-.1-IDL}I1 FOLK SCHOOL leernee of the lt-_:n¬lGd visiteticn and warnee
the llzztiencl Headquarters of the Junior Order of .i~.1;1-:2ricm'1 Iiecheilics
that they neuld be held respcnsible for any manage, incurred either to
the 1-HGIrU.I£DI.J: FOLK SCHOOL er any of the mersmbers of its staff Icy this
visitaticn. The National Headquarters of the Junior Order cf nmerican
Iechnnics advised RILEY that he could not act in the name of their
-cranization. HILBY then formed the Grand? County Crusaders. The
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