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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
AMERICAN FRIENDS
SERVICE COMMITTEE
PART 1 QF 25
FILE NUMBER = 100-11392
SUBJECT; AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMITTEE
FILE #1 100-11392
SECTION: I
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92 IN R .*1£.1Z£I2IC}i1I 39.11-LIBS SE?.'JICl£ 0{!Z.II.fI1"J3I33
United Russian Irsfcseional Unions.
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FACTS UCVl UD2'L;.-;
This morning proceeded to Philazielphie, Pa. in order 92
to visit the gnerican Fri cncls Service Committee. who lied requested -
the U.
"35 111f~>11°¢1 th8$ had gone to iiinneepolis and. that he could_ _ ___ _,-~ __ _ __; _,,-__-- = ' -_
'.--.*.:ssi2_:2 l'~r:fe:ei:no".~. Unions Zielief Cormvzittee to send. their
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representative to them in order to work out pl-9.118 for future worlc, J
'v~1'.n-r-<11- ww-:4 hi;
Ar:c§.ve:1 in Ihilodelphia at 12.15 $.13. and went to the
ll "ha n.'c|_|'1~c|||'mun-ua u .
be seen some icy next week. or said they are
glad the Russian Professional Unions are cooperating with them, and2
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V Reference is respectfully mode to Burceuhlejter1
~ 92, initialed and dated as above, requesting confidential investigation
l of the above named Society, hich has beenuscd by anarchietic
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Haim or any pr0'rmI";m'1:l'u bhrough lie ;;=.i¢;1:;,:'; C-'J35I.iITTEE. '1':-.6 ¢"<>T;:-*~»=
mittgglg representatives now in Moscow, tu famine area in Russ12|
are selected persons. the}; all t-e:L:~.;: 01:1 0:1_:>cIienc0t1_und conscientious;
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Department of Justice,
Washington, D. C.
Gen tlem en; .>
I O
The American Friends Ser1'ioe Committee,
20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, has appealed
to our county for money of clotgiing for the Russians.
Kno':-."in,-;- that similar organizations
are being investigated by your department as to
their genuine sincerity in ti -is re1ie1:_'.~.-orbz, I_es':tre
to inquire cf your department as to this organization,
before aeceptizag; the County Cheimanship for tizis
r:-T50 . E
" - Tkmzking you, I em, F
Yours ve ry tr uly,
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m=:w.1cm~r FRIWWS smvicv. cowrrm:
20 South 'lwe11'tb Strcot
PHIIAD -LPFIA * PEI-II-'SYl92'APIIA
September L6, 1939
£3.-w..@;~?
Dear :
We are enclosing a. check to your order in
the amount. of $6.00 in payment of your
bill which was recently sent. to us by
director of our sunmer
work C£".p in the cozmunity.
This payment covers professional services
whicf you made on July 1'7 to
in the amount of 5-4.00, and on Juli. 20 to
in the 8-"".OUI'11'. of 92.00.
S&cere1y
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0 »aw¢- F,1
UIn_I-Inn u. nmd. UT-M1II.lJ92.o~r 9. warn, I. C.X You I.0I~m.n.|_92'. H: .ClHL A. H-l92Yr,n. II. MCI.- ' ' s
, - u 92
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I;'NAI92;| I. FU"l92l.', KI.JAMIJ nu. uu-0.04. I.pawn w. LUCIE, :u._
tall Inwun. Inca.COMMITTEE ON 92
PRIVILEGEZS AND ELECTIONS
Qllll I-IIJINKDY, Cl-III
~- -=_-_,_,_,.. .
'92 .Hon. J» Edgmr Hoover, Director,
_BnY1nr:n O4 '1_'.9292_r;_-,1-4-4.--n4-4.,-. v» 92~~92v -1 -- 1 I _-uni;-1 u.:.u.1,
Department of Justice, '
Washington, D.C._
My deer Hr. Hoover: 92
' -. Iam! herewith enclosing letter from
V -,__ _ _n-_.;-1°f tog;92e9292:ner
n -which he received from IA.mer1canpFriends.-¢l-r *_;_,_w,_m, __;_
92
with letter
Service Ciom1ittee,'o'1' Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
_ .. _ .-___ __ inrornntlon is availabie and you deem
it proper to transmit it to me, I will a.pj.!:'eciete
your advice concerning the 92.92"A:1:erican Friends Service
92
Conmitteeq
Sincerely your-is, /..92 ,_ Th/~__,,. Q7I . /,- .- 4 ~
//I r4/155;, /w»Q/ J
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_' -_92 copy-us ' 1!
Clarkesville, eorgia.,
Fay 28, 1940 -
I
f Hon. Walter F. Georve,Lnited States Senator
Washington, D. C.
Dear E-mator G¬0Ig9 :3
' For more than a year I have neglected writing you
concerning a group of people, who have creanized a
colony in the mountains of Hahersham County, six miles
from Clarkesville, Georgia. This colony is called
the Cooperative Cormunity or I have heard some say,
the Home Friend service Camp..
IA man by the name of came
to Habcrsham County in 1936 and rented part of the
buildings of the old A & " College. There were several
boys and girls, all from way some place else that com-
-poser! the class -;_zr-cup. No yommz men or worsen of this
' section were ever invited to enroll in the classes,
as far as we people here know. ::2s§3:f§EE? claimed to
be of the Coluebia Hniversitv. He seemed to be a very
smart man, but in my conversations with him, he never
would answer me as to what kind of a school or organ-
ization Le had. He went so far as to say it was too
complicated to exolain at present. This was all in
the year 1936 and 1937.
They gave up the old A & Y buildings, went back into the
mountains, bouztht no several hundred acres of land, huilt
a stone building, foreim in its design and appearance.
They do farming and teach the mountain people how to
make their homes better, that is, all who belong to the
colony, they also teach the children school work in
the homo. This is all done bjr people who are s:1~ar't
and are from up in New Rnqland, most of them; some from
New York and sore from Philadelphia.
92 92____ .¢_._-~ 7.rl
0 }_-
_ page 2 '
92
Last summer a number of foreign looking peoole came in.
I met some of them, as I have been the doctor for most
of them who needed the services of a physician. Some
looked like Germans or Austrians. ne cogld tell they
were educated men and women. __
They started the erection of a dam to make a small lake
and some of the women dress like and work as laborers like
the men. ' '
One of the natives, I do work for, told me the organization
owed them over Two Hundred Dollars for work they did last
YEGTQ
I am inolosinq a letter from one of the head offices
located in Philadelphia. This came as a result of a bill
I had mailed to the office of the "acedonia Camo here in
the county.
Several large busses from uo north loaded with men and
women, have already been down to visit the cant in the
last few weeks, the last bus was here one week ago. ue
to the peculeritv of the whole situation, the neoole I
have seen and in view of the serious problems with which
our nation is confronted today, I think this orranization
will bear an investigation. I know of no man to whom I
had rather go, than to our good en tor alter F. eorge,
to see that the proper investigation is made. Vany of
us believe that it is possible ttat this may be a branch
of communism.
Thanking you for whatever action you may take reearding Q
this request and I shall be clad to co~operate in every
way I can to give you furtherinfornation.
Yours very truly,
J p /p n . '
/ - Mr "
m
1
June 11, 19-£0
I { 'Lqmrnblu falter E. George
fltd l~Zt.'1te5 llcnain
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vy dc:u'm1at0rl! '
- to n';!;nc'.:lr:.i:ra 2-c~.m!.;-.-t. of ;.'=;-ur 1ot.t'-r
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of end t".e srzztnrial tr.- '
1.-0rc.='i'L:...L
dahnj IE5;- _,9292.JA__ _?._,
I P522 t"1a Bureau
rvice C0,;-J.t:cn, which
ch rnfer,
:'.nc'-in as '1'";-;o irle:.d:1
a.uz~J'.az-er. lnfcx-zation
1-ma :1 Tc1i.=*io'.'5 and
r;0".:925tt~.'t! 01' which
aim; in c<:;.;ér.erc:¬al and
.;:':c, to s.-;392-ire ::uLI
in iicr. '.;c;¢1 vi an that
0, its ai. :1 and per£.»n-
m»:.:uc:. as nu 1¥". :_923~i.l"l.£.'8
in bureau airzce 1922-Plmse be a-Evian-d that as o
nscartainozi tho I-.'1:;r1::r-:1 'rr!.c:*.ds .'-n
may be tna SE10 o:,'_:sr.Ls;¢92'Li.c.n 1.-0 '.92:".
was $r!<:;:1.ic:-J. vii}: 1.710 ct--;'r¢=i:vati0:1
Ecciety, co:::.cnl;; refer:-ed to as tr
rt"-:1i*fu.i at is-at ii 6 $.'*'v;iif:v...¬iEi ir.
3.-h11.a".t-zznpic eucietjr, the r-vcscutiv
mas LC92:;}*-n-S*.d. c-1 ';.==s:':.ons of !=i,_?: sin
suciul circles. I 1;r.;.';.ln. 01 c
921l".ct!a21", a:;-.=:.;-:§n¢»'92 ':.;".:1u 0z1;.:»::ii;¢=i-iun
to t.-1i.c&- £'5l:_§.'YlI-§,l.f§b a.-.n;es wI::ren<:
nel are of the :.=:.a.-:0 hi;-;:; cc-liber, 1::
have 1»-en 1-min in the pH;~:z.1:3e:-J by t. B
T3
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wm:'".l92., ti: £.f'§:a.';.t'.~J to Le 5-1:':r'..i-2-.1 211%?! t!:= :1
of I-'1-=21 $.:::.-.:5.r_',', 1:-.13 rr-cm'.v~d .1; 1.!"-is 1-éurr---.2 in
2-r.~f1m*t.s ..§.:11. .-2.111.. c.>."_"=.=.::.i':.2t.: an s"-us .1¢'.::~.;in-'i in
"r-.".f~rr£'.=':1ts 1":-u ;'-_1:'_=~.'.;.- 11: .ri -mla ;j1;a.-or-.¢:'; in
ruliuaa l~.~..»:;-an s~.:;f:.r. - and -;r@.~r*.:.|t.n 1r=.crr::.~.'1:,=.'~i§:= 4'];-"1'. .1 .1 - __,
'.5 a
ur. :-Jct :.--:1:.t<-1
F139 and
1,-1
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:..92."|"'t-'.:- t-O, '* +"'.::.'..-:;'l-
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ta
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3en'J.ca and other activities to pm:-.013 peacp in Lnerica.
It vaa indeed kind of you to bring to my atten-
tion lctt.ur and its oracle-tare, both of
which are bsir.; r~et-.121.-ocl to you hsr:.-with. .
I twat ...:a 1n.for':_'m.1cn above: 801:. forth will
earn to uc=.:.n cr.r.rn"; to cml:'.:'11tr-:n you concamin; the argum-
intion referred m by '
ii L: expressions of qr highest esteem and heat
regards,
Sincerely yours,
7 J. id-.181 15°°" '
Fhclu sures
1
92
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1» 92 I
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Form N0. 1 '
_ Tms use on|cmATED AT A-[L A};-1* A , GQQRQIA F"-I "Q
I III'OR"l' MADE AT _ DATE WHEN MIDI PERIOD FOR 1 IIEORT HIDE IY 'WHICH MADE 'I ATLANTA, cannon 9/7/2.0 7/31, 8/1,2l/ 0 i J _ f
I 1-|-|-L I - ,_ CHIRACTER OF CASE
;.Fme:ns SERVICE cm;" 92 / Q-MACEDONIA cw _
,- sYNoPs|soF FACTS: three years ago pup-
chased land in mountains behind Clarkes-
ville, Georgia, where he established a
camp known Friends Service Camp and Hace-
donia Camp where individuals from the East
gather each summer for vacation. It is
believed by the residents that these in-
dividuals are either Pacifists or Communists
I of some order. This camp is located near
I/?,' the channel of six dams of Georgia Power
I / Company which supply power for Georgie and /
I part of the Carolines. Friends Service Como '
I is a Quaker organization, no indication oi,"
4 un-American activities;!
'. 9292 '_,Z
.3-
I DETAILS: j@__CLA??.~§'"3SVI_},L J,__{}?3OE?.'}_1':.i_;
This investiration is predicated upon information
92 received frmnf T§Zii? *9*?%#§$$9of Habershnm County,' who stated tJ!".r~.t_ 1" """"'*'_f"' _
E '.'r"r§-*';,: ?,_', '__ 92 =~_....¢s.,.'" insta.nt C.'1£3_OS1Ould
fight conscription. i _;gLQ stated thatf:?j$&§%E§QEZ§i§§?
92 had purchased the land about seven miles out in the mountains
I from Clerkesvillo, Georgia and had established the Friends
Service Camp and the Lacedonia Camp where he pretends to fann i
.
/l'592{g- If};
0
I ' ,> in
92I 3 I I ,,
_92 |
Ltlanta
and does not sell any products and has young boys and girls
between twenty and thirty who some-from the'_F.-ast to stay at the
farm all summer. He stated that stays there all
summer and that he believes that he is affiliated in some man-
ner with the Columbia University. 1
- . "J~ _, of the stated that she knew
only -slightly; that he runs a camp about
seven miles out in the mountmxs from Clarkosville, Geo1 <'i.'1.
known as Friends Service Camp. She stated that
was presently an instructor at the State Teachers! College in
Florence, Alabama, and that as far as she knew he was running
this camp for an experiment in physical culture for young
people about twenty years of age and from New York and other
Eastern States. -L_i"f*.¢?-T13 gave a description oi
checked his
records and advised that
{rem the American Friends iocicty in Philadelphia, Fa. He also
stated that one ;§92:;:::_';::.;¬:.L§F&5 director oi this camp and was
'a direct representative 01 the American Fri ends Society, Phila-
delphia, Pa. A description of 5.. ' ?T" ~" *"1!'L.¬*I;i§?- was also obtained
$2-'5l'}I92}§1I ."" N He stated
that 1-,,,.,.........s._.-Q3 had brought boys down from the East and allowed
them to work on the farm and thus improve themselves physically.
, _ .M _ __!"-""" "AfQ oi stated that
-.,.$§l and p .5, both of Friends Service
Camp, had been dealing with the I. store for quite some
time, but they were always good pay and that they appeared to
be affiliated with some organization from the East; that he
personally did not believe that they were in any manner un-
American in their activities; and that the biggest trouble in
Clarkesville was that the people were unable to find out just
what they were doing out there and thus it worried them a great
$99.10 I
1". -'. I -_@--1J'.'-"5"";-Z. 7? 'k7"-'3 -Tc-v92-..= ;Tk=ue>=> s-"- -Mm: ;fil*l¢'-l ¢"*"-5.'1""-9'1"-T".*f,I'f??"- "'5"7 ":»r*-»*-'99,}---_ us . _. - ,. 1 -w.w;~ I -- A 12,92an-9.;-§:5¬',qP-§t§;Qe-_:492_.-__ - 4- _ - e - .: - _ . . -.¢_- _¢'-- .- on '_ _._¢-,._..,._ ,.-.-...._..e.=.-_.-_..,,,_,. . 4.... .._._<.-*-_,,--;~_.,-;.~.-.-..'.¢z2=|-s---==:-1... Ir _;..},3'§a'
Ia¬;;'s..~..,.~" 1¥"*"i",;.I;.;l;";'fZl;. oth:§.j:1_e o1 interest was obtained 1rorn'sa.-r.e,
all or them deaiinn with the administration of instant camp or
spealiing of arrival. or departure of various members of the camp.
It was noted E'._f'-.'*£e§i$.§il?;T'T,'IjZif*"*"s that one was one oi '
the speakers at the czusn, _ is a personal friend of 1
writer, is a Ptroat worker in peace movements and is an ardent s
Quaker. He spends much of his time going over the country giving
speeches on peace and the Quaker way of life. It is also per-
Hz-ll
. _! !
Atlanta.
zonally known to writer that the American Friends Society
is a non-profitable benevolent association directly sponsored
by the Quaker church and spends most of its time, efforts, and
money on the-relieving of pain and suffering among war re-
fugees and among the more unfortunate individuals in the .
various countries of the world. In view of the fact that this
camp is operated by the Quaker faith it was not believed ad-
visable at this time to conduct any additional investigation
on this camp since there is no definite indication of any
un-American activities going on there. '
.-
stated that E Lj;*;n$ J::§;;§3 was the owner of the land on'
- which the Friends Qprvice Camp was hold and that he leased this
* land to the American Friends Society, Philadelphia, Pa., through
¬IT:;IEYII;I3} the Camp Director. She stated that she had talked
with t,,,,;,i;_"_;:..;'=.i and that he had advised her of this. She also
stated thnt"_;;L;£⋘IZiE§$£§is presently teaching at the
University State Teachers College, Florence, Alabama. She '
advised that the only mail received for this camp was for the 1
various members who stayed there during the summer time and
official communications from the American Friends Society i
for and It was her opinion that this
camp was perfectly all ri,-qht; that they were not enraged in
any subversive activities of any type and that all they did
.. -3-. '
IS
3
s
2
1
,-
i
Il _u. x ' !.o
- Atlanta
was to sponsor a summer camp for people who did not. ordi-
narily get to go to a camp of this type because or a lack
of money and that it was sponsored by a Quaker Church So-
oiat-y.
O
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1 --;-- Y":-"i'zmgr§;4ugen°° '1-'*1~=== 6-2 - ~ A
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'7-3'-7 , -subJ°°t" Letter or trans-.w:.1§t.-J.! '7 I l l H
1" H" ' O Ltb CO1. Jo Ed!-'.'.r H99 '__ , , . -<_ _ _ _ Federal Buraluhcgr Inv8f:1mt1- .1 _ " -s . 9;;' ' .. J
_ _..__ . . __. .-_92 __. -~ I
forwarded rm. yam; ___ . j The attached cozzrnmicatiana 51-9
.1 . ' ' nd fuck action
A _ Br PEER?!-!.$ .-'-£11,;-; 7 - ' --- 7- '
ii-IF.-fie? Caner-:.1 e 7 ' é :_'8'|.¢-.t| H Fl U. 1'! .92 -A 4; .1 '_.- O4». C-2. .,
. 3 Enclosures: - ' ' " ' ' '*
.-»-"--- _ ' "-'"-+' _v I
~- -*-"*"-.-2-.-i,,,._ ' 1.-~ _-5. _ _ r
"".£.T-A ' ' ' ' ' " ' " " " ""'
- £5-"~ -7111;-, _,,. ., __ _
G2/1Q1}f
_':& ,____" -_.__~,._ ___, _ ,1.- c--"-r.?.:-_:.? 07' lnrrnation r;u;,"j;;--_---.:_k._ . _M______ é :;:r_;" .- - '~- . -°u""*.§t=?E= dated -3-"L!-"1 _::-: -lbfbn "m"n¢5 -'e!'V'ica .
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X 5* ,. R CT D =/¬fQ.T/1571fi»92 APM a_~. "Perm-._~{F,n 1 _ '
-. I 3";.':.. .; .'
REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED j l j %_;_. '; -:' T fr I-';';__;, -Q _ -1..--_~ -_ __,-_;_*.»_.. .....; ,1 ,3» % BY coa usmmm FOIC ,3 _.f};;;_ F A A A_ AUTH PARA :sos 00115200 H ;';*';-_»;?~-~¢y +<-- fi
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Date, . _--._ _-_L--.-. _ _' '1 ...j. .7 ~»~ __ .. ... .<~_., -ii-"'."?"'."."'? _' "
American Friends Service Pcucnittee
--§-~--- Inform-.*.nt Consider-ed: m:1.m-0;»: QU1¬STIONABLE' ummown
D- --_ _ m~ - _'- ---- 0 -- - Copy of tclgzz-:11; received Sci-OTJBI 17, 1949 -0
4'
.92 -'|- - .
Summary of Information;
like PickettW _ I. - ..-_..._. Z _
American Friends Service Scxmvintee ' - 1
20 Szwtth 12th Street
PhJ.la.de.'.phia/Pa. ' _ _ __ __ __.,_.I - -
_.i I
Iiessage of American Friends Service Comitteee has been
forwarded to conzpetent a.1th0':'i..'.ies stop IL: seen
_ as a d8CJSiOD has reached us I shall ccmzunicate with
you again. - _
I
92/Distribution17- B. I.
File .0 92I'h0r.$en, , M "=1 '
Please ch.-2r~e92Ce:~r~.e_n Frbassy
92. _ . _ 9292I'- ..
Q. V V, ~___.....___._......_ ..
l I _
REGRADED UNCLAS51F|ED i / 73 9;1"X092
ON 23 DEC [975
BY 00R USMNTA F010 -
AUTH PARA 1-005 0005200 senile.I
n
| , I 92
-, w >
3 maI Q
February 13, 19:4
Q
m
L.Z."IL:L .IiE!U3¢
-v- U - In --n -v-1E.L.l~-dl-L" i i~1i.:...:L-.3 3;;.{n.92..» C }£....1I'Il.'I5
20 South 12th Jtreet
l%iladulphia, Lennsylvania
From infonnation on hand, the American Friends
Service Committee, 20 doutn 12th dbreet, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, appears to be a -uaker or;;nization devctcd
=to Cn3TiL3Ji and pccific ends. This organization, founded
in 191?, reprusectinq Lno reli;ious sccicty of Friends has
according to literature preparcd and distributed by this
group, "engaged in many projects to promote phase and to
affcrd ycung ccple cppcrtunity for cca;t?uctiYa patriotic
service. Its relief uark in war arcas and alsc in depressed
industricl sections of zuo United ut&LCS has been widcLy_
shared in and supported by Ancricans of all encmin-Lisns
and faiths. in &C§iLinH no its P ace Xcluntccra and gcrk
CQLPS Jwucer }rojucLs for culluuu students, Lhc coz;;LLcc
admlniutura ,uukcr centers and stuncnt hOuDul5 in purc;w
and nun-parLi5an relief for refugees in u§&j and Gen4;:y."
_ _ .. g__J'.!. -i'.l.§._-I l.- - _ '_
0I-r~L_ ,__ _ : __. - .. 1-,. .,...+ .- ~' 1.LI-B bruup 1L-a92.4.1 .u: u.|.v.u.cu .|.u|.u 1-wc..._.u3 "5-1.1.8.1
are devoted t cvrLain apeciiic ends, for cxu;p1e, Peace
Section, Leiudce Jaczion, etc.92/ -
Its Peace section is affilicted with an organiza-"ticn known asxtcap ndcrica Uut of "hr U0n;reas;'uQd has
/00'//3Q.
. i J '
2-
participated in Fnrious peace conferences. In 1.936 as part
of a campaign idcntifiod as Lh8R§J6P;¬CY Peace Campaign,"
the orddnization aolicit_d funda undcr the sponsorship of
{if :1§53Q_Philadclphia, Pennsylvania. The organizationalso p¢Pt$Cl§¢tfd in a movement opposing the lilting of tne
Arms §nb§r5o in Jeptcmbcr, 1939. In a newspaper release,
Iicll was Quobfd as having derived tne idea of organizin
a "general staff" to fi.hi for the retention oi Loo inns
Enbargo. .
no an affiliate of the "Keep America Out of Jar
Congress, 22 East 17th Street, New York City, the organiza-
tion adopted the followin; program:
Reutralitvt Strict enforcement of the 1939
Iioui.ralit.y hm, ...ad the adoption of
additional lugislotion to prevent
war trade and war profits.
War Referendum: Denand tho democratic right of
the pcopl to vote before any declara-
tion of war.
OBoositjon_§q4lnnQLr£u1 Qpniiingfign, Conscrip-
tion ad all nor uictdnurship Legis-
92-92¢§.-92n "r92 D;92nno Pi!"-4|.LQULUIL JJI FREQ I-Jnl49292IFI
Qrantic Jagzgrojito Tax frojrggu Discouraging
Lho p-rLicipia1on by the united states
in war for the sake of profits.
§o nlliancog nigh n§y_Batjon or Grouo_oi?Q§Liono
at . £711-T n
-------~ 1- -==-,_,._., _. ....-.,....@: 2_ Iqgixlgarnj 1:: .".:-._.c_-.,.3::.L3| PlU¢.J.UL|J..GAnI. 61' }-ational
l Doionzo tnrou;n economic and social
accurity for the people.
4 I
pE
1
92
'|
I
> . -
-3...
Qppositign to all Forge of_Intolorenco Hero neg
I-92i'.!I' J :Ui ,nL'.*ocutin,; Lin? }1uui.Liui1 tvrlat the zC.1it.=.-d
otctes be an asylum for political and
religious refugees.
Cooperation 7it_Qr:gni:stiqns of People in Qyerz
u092:."'.j.:*y roiogn, ;n;;;;;o ,_.-.c:s._ ggv
. This group participated
by theilnstitute of lnternstion~l
Pcnnsylvjnie, in July, l?L3. The
was92L,_____;f_,;_i_-,-3%, and t-e purpose of the conference was
stated to no "to provide a critical and constructive study
of international relations under tne sblest historians in
the field." it was Fescribed es being a non-sectarian
group operated in conjunction with "Tho Council for social
Action of the Congrcyational church." The speakers scneduled
to ariress this conference were
I1..92...§""*'*" 92,"_e;.'.IE%, 1er:?.cr {_"" 'f""3§ or the nmericsn Friends service
Cnmra'I1'.{'.nre. nn-r! -_"I"I""5.:'fi e'nv-.-rm <lTf.°'.'>r§%- Qf 1;:1 ...3f.;-'
F--.-...._...----, -.-.._.. _....--3*--"'--'3'-*:,;_,.r_-.q,_4_,,_,., ..-H-_...... in a conference sponsored
I.e.s..;tions at nllentown,
Director of this conference
under the Loimar Republic and now e German refugee. {J gsi_'_"§
In July, IQLO, the group also ioztercd what was
described as a Jtudcnt Peace service. It puclisncd and dis-
tributed nU3e?Ou1 pHUliC;tiOR5 on genes and sponsored con-
ferences in colleges tnrou;hout tno United States on such
subjects as psa3c and social proslens. It solicited young
people to volunteer to serve on committees under the student
Peace Service. The GTCL1Z2tiG distributed forts wxerein
the Si;nOr made u record of nis resolution never to approve
or participate in a.r.'_r war except to repel an unprovoked in-
vasion of continental United States by a foreign foe, never
to approve or participate in any international war, but to
reserve jud;nent with respect to civil war involvin; economic
justice. lt has published literature of a pacifist nature
oppcsin; conscription. Typical booklets are entitled "nay
America Should Not Adopt Conscription," a "Pacifist Handbook,
and "nmeriesis Teak in a norld at Uer. 9292
, __ __ __ __ , .__L_.e._._,..,_._ ..__.__._.._ ...-..._...
IQ - _!'
-5...
In connection with the work of the Refugee section
of this group, the American Friends -Service Committee has
participated in campaigns to raise money to aid the Spanish
refugees in Franco, and on Octoher 7, 1939, assisted the
Spanish Refugee Relief C=a.'::p£li.~';n in its efforts. It also
assisted in the program of the resettlement of dpanish
reiugeee in verioue South Anericen eoentriese ""e
Information has also been received that the organi-
lntion gives advice to 5;-:1i;_Trarxts.
is in charge of with offices et 1001, C0;.'.rr.on-
wealth Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvanizm. It has also
been reported that this O:gIl;1i2.abiD has reports and photographs
in its files oi individuals in Germany who desire to obtain
aid of Americans in coming to the United States.
-Srhere is ino-in for.".1ation- on hand indicating that
the American Friends Service Cc:z'.m.'!.tbu0 takes any position
in purely political matters, nor that it is engaged in
activities of an unlawful or subversive nature.
/
E __ - n t . 4 i. -i i r -I i 929292i ii .. ii _! :1:.iI b k, . I -ii; N r
Q r A
..~ ;'.. ._ 92 " I l __._ . ' L-- 1!! '. - -.' i ~=. _ _.,,_ _ ,**.:-- .1 -
-= -' --.41.4 .- ._ 92-- r-92f.._._,__.' 3 .__e_'_ ;.' I _~"-1'-.71;-,_t" - .-._;__".nr" 1' '-'.-Q '- -_ .-,,,_,_t__eA . , . .. :-_I
v
_.
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9292Sii-ed acute, Madrid. Quaker: are fading childrenin Uni: tily.
Refugee Statistics
I There are more than |,ooo,ooo refugees
in loyalist territoryi. e. 10% of the
population in that area. Le-Igltt of
.|92"r:1i'nn.r Camrnisrian, 7aJhl411ry'| I937.!
Q Of these, :-.5c,'.92:~o children are in refugee
colonies. Nrw York Timt'_t, rfpril I0,
IP37-!
I lt is estirriate-rl £16,003 chililrcn under I4
years of age rernziin in Madrid where
extreme guilering and food shortage
exists. [Crtrfir'rrr£- I1r'g}mrrr, F. S. C.,
Lon fart, .-fprii 7, I93?-l
Q _3o,oc>3 9292.1l' orphans in desperate nccii of
eluthint; and medical supplies are in the
c.-ire of Natit-nalists- l-5'_1'l're.trer _'!'o:r:.r,
7-.'rr:r.;r_i , 193;.!
Q Th;-re were thousrinils of refugee!
Cllillll" l'l. We counted at lcnst goo: nmier
ten years of age; nr lenit to-uo were
barefoot, runny clothed only it} at single
garment," Dr. Nrrm-:r: Betermu, dc-
rrrii-irig rtxzri.-.:Iion ej .-l!.z.'.zga.!
The end fur Clorlirrrg
. "Giving the people Clothes is not only a malirrll.help tn them, it cheers them tug too; children ee-Peclally can l-e mule to lrnile y a bright coloredjumper or a pair of new thou. Ne |l|il have Inhortage of b0ys' hreeehes. Urvlerclozhin andgoeks are low again. Ifear many uftheni frelgsgerllwill hive in II-eat the tam: until the enti of the wit."
Lf-;rr.1' jam} fir E-'1:-'1':-fr Fr|'¢nJ:, .'-f-trek, /937.!
Q "Send 92I~ arm clothing of all deseriptitm for children,also knitting vi-oul so that refugee mother: may knitfur their ehildzen and in avoid the demoniintiola
ofi-7ilene.s-I- £i.i'r?Jr M. P}: R4-par!-!
"This morning we hid to clothe Ill children, the
youngest aged four, who had unlkcd from Mating!to Almeria l ennna uh-on." AH!!! 14:03. Quail"
rdir] Ivrhr.!£ ut 0iittil i ll{llil?l':92 i'.xtrli::~i|92't92|y ' .'.. 3
Q _ I Give to ?JOPfPrI?li.IIl r92mcric:in relief in Spain. At lczist $lo,ooo :1 month
is needed. Food, clothing and
Quakers and other Americans
Committee; supported by themedical supplies are being administered by
selected by the American Friends Service
Federal Council of Churches, Mennonites,
Church of the Brethren and other religious, peace and social organizations;
associated with Friends Service Council London! which directs English
Quaker relief work in Spain.
NOTE: Immunity It-om seizure of A. F. 5. C. supplied I-I gustin-
eed under lgreemcati with Lnyllilt Ind lnnurii FUNN-
What Quaker Eyewitnesses Report
A Cable from Barcelona dated April 29th:
CONDITIONS L-litnrittzi Onuoe Ruin
EVACUATION CHILDREN. CAN A.l?.S.C.
l92I»ii.~t~uit.-t 250-14009"
From dLilfER]/1': As to the refugeesthey have been dropitig and dying on thetoad. Food is tetri ly _shott. There arelong queue: ofjeople waiting for bread andyesterday the oora shut because there was
no more."aFrom BJRCELON/I. "I told Dr. Pictet
I had learned not to say sympathetic words
to the refugees as it so often makes them
break down. She said that in Madrid the
people seem to be past tears."
From f/fDR.ID.' "The houses are not so
badly bombed as one might imagine. What
is most terrible is the eXpre$siOII of the
people."
THE FIRST QUAKER RELIEF WORKERS IN SPAIN
_--.-.4-.,..,,_. ._ _ E,
'33-. i.
, f re".
. | _ H! I " ' _
l;..__._,_.;._.i i re"
ro L0YALl8'I.3.IA!N I ' ll
gym L p win, L-.at.._....._. _-.. .... ../. _ -.. _ Q iK fit 9292 ift-1_' fr'92' '1 ET!"-"""'fT_*'I
l"'l 7 "~~:.-: . ~ ii ' - - ' l" l,1. 1 r I» ~~ -*
' l" /92.
i .
.. .- .-ea.-4.,.-.._.......-.e_.,_. _._._ . . 1'*}"i"_'-E" i A-
0-If
ii l. . 'El i ie'___.ci..»;._..3
TONI T.rD.92'lI-ET SP1!"
lilfred V Janactnehnd s¢¢iiil'wwl=¢- A Qwmlaer fending center 1» rejuqect, Barcelona cram ivin-in-',
- 274-.
-3
. :,r .1iT= . .Non-Parlucn 1;; - T-_ l92'on-Seclnrum
I-2-___r>-5r; Yr,5
5
Spanish Child Feeding Mission
oftho
"- _ WERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMiTTEE,....---.__
O 92, _- _ 17---, ... ..... ~ .
~' -24--__'_ -..._.. ...- ------
A do-ahfer I rl . WM uilifer.;' aria are er ISL: BfY refttyre child? I
C
The Neee. _ Jr Food
92
The Need forsupplies neatly exhausted.
Scnrl food not mr.-nty. Rt-;0m.':t- --Il
sendinrr cargo as gi-neti.-us as ;-r.s<i': ft: of
Flour, sircnt, tinned rrL.}; and meat for
C!;Ci92l92l92'C use of Ci'§lill|'C!'l ml :r.::?.c:s,"
[C.:.".r from _;-.';r'.':: Yea-_-, fc-i-.i_~'y
16:5.!"Domestic
Bahies I-ed on llf>ul and vi-::e:. .92'o L.':a.:l
in Asturias or lliiiau Iv! 3 v::hs. NO
meat, a little fish, ;_=_r-.~at sl'.~'rt.';s cfrlr. :r,
sugar, beans, putaices anl rarti:i,.;:l§-
seeil potatoes. .92'n frizir. 5:122 5h'.'t;.'i:.
r92'c.'c: ¢'-1'-1:rr:::*:_; L :;;:»r ;'.-:: .92.'.'.-J
Lr|0_lJ- ,7-1,.-J-{I735 -'2 E.-:_r.'r.'*. Fr:'41.-"_=_ -f_."i'.'
T5357-.l
"Milk, tinned and dried, sugar, i'a:im:e-
ous looils, cud-liver oil, cc;--:.'ia5l;' For
Ma-lriil but also fr-r thililrens iIl.§{i!{liI
.. . . every ltiz:-1 of feud proiiott will be
Nacltome." fE.1'i!»'t 15!. P;-r .: Ei:;.'t'.'.7i
- Fr-¬:::a'r, jnnuery, 1937.]
.lI£;tIir?nl Sirjiliea
Great lack cf rreizzi.-.e1, tnciieal itutru:'.'_::92.1 and
tunic: for children who are Lkely to [ct ntl-cu
92ihl: alrza:y there it 3 great deal el tui-neui 4.:
Suzh ti-.1-.gt n Os:-liV¬J oil baiiir needed." i'$.'u'r
{Jag d H 1.: I-I mt £¢;er;_!
"l am informed that in hcopauii even, :he:e ta not
only I lack of mttiicine, but that in many instances
it hn been necessary to pettbrm grtratizrtz r.i..eat
an enaenl-.etii:." Chair G. Enwr, U. S.Ané-r.r;n-
Jar rs 6'!-oil!-I
-"Emit side: need metiicineo and hot-;'.ira.l 1"-apphel-"
Cailrjmlll Srvlf Faun.!.- ,-: I
.- ' l.- . i_ _ '3. _ .t _c.,-_,4.,..a_.. l I
_ l
lg~thi
pk
it;
3?:
fr r_nI|t:tnn;_]' 'utu t ~ ---y ry-r~[' .A||II<| aim jlllq 1|!
'= .'_';j792:_" " " B "" .
, r= e.._ ll
.1 4,- 1!".92_.l 'nu-
I .
r ' _. -, , , -
r ~
5 .
't. V _ _. -. ....._.._.e_ %L- __ __= . _.._ to = .
The American Fric. -s Service
.--4 .__ _| n 1' 'Lontrmtttrc represents tne ttettgtous
Society of Friends Quakers! in ef-
forts to promote peace and to relieve
humzm soliciting. l.92ts work in war
areas and also in depressed industrial
sections of the United States has been
widely shared in and supported by
Americans of other denominations
and Faiths.
. U I
in undertaling relief worit in §[92ain, the Ftttzeriizara
Friend: ietvice Cnrttrrtrttce support! no lust other
titan that if au?irtr:t5 l!.LlI92I:lJl]'. 92'-earlier: are stab-
iizhin; chill-fe:li|1|} nations on both title! of the
cnnirt. 15:01 and cl.-thing are being Si-lF'Pl92-l solely
to Iii refugee children, war 0r;'92ha:|a and expeant
an-1 hu.*92ir1[ fnCilI5|'92, Th]: service of !t'!n~pJ!li§n||
; go-4.1 aiil to innocent vietima of taar should appeal to
ail Arneriran-I regardless of personal judgment 1-
political sfmpllhltai.
in the year: following the 92i'ar,ther92merican puhlie
§e:'.r:t:;!l!' .-es;-onlei to our appeal for the starving
children of Germany. Again, during the depression,
we Ierc entt-led tc feed 40,000 undernourished children
an the nricitea coal tlia. We new appeal In the widest
p-cmible public for help to feed the starving children in
Spain. The outpouring of impartial aid will give them
more than bread. lt will be to them an unforgettable
. evidence of the lave efhumanit-1, in contrast to the
hatred Intel: nu aitattered Lhezr Ltvea. llttl, re he-
Eieve, in the way of peace. 'Htnt Mull .92.92t|1'.t.|:r pit: lilfP92El.II!tl tutu ||'.l|tu.tt|t .ur:.|:s;t|ntt|.1p :11 K51-1.15 l| Wttlrtlg
1stit:uoi.n:N put: ;sritn u'] qmq t1t_;.'92t[:u utarusttrttiiltt: st .-mututtttun natntag
spuntrj u1::>uatu92-' aq_L '.92'[|1:t1wdu:t utaip Lita -u:up|tq:i Jo ttoputnua e
31:llZ.'92[J.l' lU3l1|'l.l'HOU.l'='3 JUN U SJSUIISI ! .l-'P{ JG Hill SIG. DU SISO IIYIJGI H1 all HIQJI . . E l . . l l l l92r'
'.ill},»lt.llJJ Euttnuls tptr-92 33u1!Jt!;:tl.lt;: sat a:1t:tu xilillln uoisstttttttog 5uot1eN
30 3tt3r.'9'] t: silo-J21 auiLut:_.:;|_ 'S:>t{t.ltlztS |eatpatu satpop zuatu pualq gum
ape] szuvjut pun s.rat|1otu U3-1Plll. .'r' IIJEIIJDH -tt0t1tr.u1:1s Jo amn :-up 01 attioad
qstuedg Autrtu potup amzq Jt2.t92]li92!3_]OSL[1UO§92IiUl!:dSJO uaxptitp atp thanE l '92. .l . -f 0* _'I"IIA92 I009 :10 SNVDIHHIHV 0.1 ii "~. ._= , i,/
Gifts of ll. my
eltpmlrl Ln 4--up On 0!-u rarhlfina nn Jaauulua 92J92- auu. on it. vu-------ear... U51
Spain of the American Frit:-rtds
Service Committee, 10 South vtth
Street, Pltiladelpltia. Pa.' ' ' Znacldp try
Supporting Org tizalions
Federal Council ollhe Churches of Christ in Aiil
The Church of the Brethren _
Mennonite Central Committee 'il , if ' '
in-I-4-'___ - _ __ » 92-anlmu-nil
Thein Ihejny Of retaining; yours Uaejqy qwiairqCheck: should be made payable to the
Arneritln Friends Service Committee and
marked IOR SI.-92NlSH RELIEF. Cun-
tribution; may be deducted for Income Tn
purposes. A receipt will be lent.
Q
Gifts of Clollting
sltould be sent to the American
Friends Service Committee Store-
room, I515 Cherry Street, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Please tend new garments for infants, lioya
and girls; poi! used Clothing for boys. A
limited quantity of clothing for adult: will
R ehipped bur, due to high !.-eight r:t=::,
oni; good clothing ahnuld be contributeil.
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America; Unitarian Antieta-Lion
Committee on Public Afialra
oi the New York Societytee Etliiui Culture
Unlve-2-4! Chritliets Cuuztril
Wnd Alli.aar:e IQ: Interru-
licnal Ftiefltlahip Tlll'Du|l|the ChurchesCommittee on World Fllelb
ital; Amen: Cr-ora 'Clnllll Iiuteata lor Relic! ofthe Evangelical Churchtlnl Euruue
Aa-aciatien an Save theCrnllren at Spain
Ututed Chriattan You!!!Movement
Ct-iittcti of 9292'utr-en for ll-arm.Must:-nuI--t-our or -=':>:.~Y
rx 4"
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Chil|<£l'l are neither
. Rebel nor L03-1-
Help Feed
b'pains Hung
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i, IAND OTHER RELIGIOUS. PEACE AND lm .
ORGANIJATIONS
Ta Qrfrrrler Yuan, J. F. ti. C. rrprnrhl-If!"-e in Spain.
"'1 Ire necemury eracu.1t|on of 92'.tst |1J!lllI'.'Il of people
from their home: to escape -it-ttructinn night well, it
Item! to me. be assisted by neuual peoples. Food,
tiothing, medicine: are arioualy nectleti . . . in sending
you to .Sp:tin to survey the needs of humanity on both
aides, your organization hat done a very ne thin;
that cannot but be aireciated by the entire Spanish..maple. __CtlaurDtG. I!uwr.at, _
U. S. Amtiasuur to Spain
Te Dr. Rufu: M. ffana, CA-airman of the J. F. .5. C..'
"Recently I learned that the Ameri.-an Friend»
Service Committee is planning to undertake non-
partisan relief work in Spain on behalf of the women
and ehildrea - . . The need is desperate I hope youopatnts fix '7.
.""
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7 Need Food and Clothing
neftrpee ¬hiltlrettarur orplmna
_..m,,;|_,¢1-,| and i.-:l';inl< are hr-ll!
Ilartuliutt in l.u!:tlr>t and
:'Yulic|nuli>| 51min. You can
uharg in petting innocent victim!
of war and bririg nag-a of
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ads Service Cauittee' 4
Fm;-mond Wilson, Friends Com.-rit.t-ee on llational I-egislatich
Annalee Stewart, 'a'omen'e "-nbernat.iona1 League for
Peace and Freedom
Eduard 5n_vdar, Friends C<x1nit.bee on Nativnal I-eyish-;_n:-. e *
Frances Neely, Friends Comnmitbee or: lhgicnal Legiela _ _ ,_ _
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mm. 1:», 1941 '
Hem:-able Adel! A. Berle, Jr.
Laaietant Secretary or State '
Department 01' State - .. .
Iaehingten, 3- C.
éurllr, Berle! 4' -- ~ J
' I an trans:-i.tt1ng herewith for year inferratlen
e none:-nndu: dated ¢'-uy-vast 15, 13.11, -.11-zieh briei"J.y sun -4:130:-121! contents of eerrmzpcndeme betaeen Hazard 3-.e:-shner,Ale:-lean Friend: Service Coznittoe, {.211-aeillo, and theAmerican Friend: Service Caz.-.1ttee, 20 South 12th Street,Philadelphia, Penns;,'11ran.i.A. .
It is noted that the Aceriean Frienda ServiceCnmittea, 20 South 12121 Street, Philadelphia, L=en:~.:;,'1vI.n:l.4,registered with the Seereta:-y er State pursuant to theprovleier: of Section 8 of the Iieutrality Act of 1939, forthe purpose 01' eol1eit.ir.r; funds and eantributiom to aidend relieve human suffering in Great Iritain, Poland,Oermzw, I-re:-.eo, Xiurwqy, Belgian: and the Jietherlamle. ,
-- - ' _ . Sincerely yours, A _
. 92
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In at 16 1941 .mc=Is - an '
-I .I I E 1! O R I H D 17 H
B71! oonfiduntinlly ream-bud that Howard Xurshner, American
friends So:-vice Corritcea, Barseilla, CO1'2BBf>on'.lCd. with tha !-narican
Friend: Service Cozuttea, 20 South 12th Stream, fhiladelymia, Pcmzeylvania,
by lcrtbcr datcci hirril L5, 193.1, 1-ma-l:.t.ivn to 1i::=.r*.ci&1 t:'a:':'.:1ctiona of tha
Anarican Friends 2:-crvicc Cczmitwa.
A brie! ma.-zmry or the cont-ant: or this latter, &¢¢Orcl1.ng to the
confide:-xial sauna, ia as follm-:3:
"An almady cabled, an have pan-chasnd .'-Evian Francs P-00,000 worth
of milk in Sritzarlarai and wa lzcfm you have by 1..".ia tiza r:-ado payment. .-ta
can also buy for i::.c:1at.a ship:-cnt. one million Luisa Prams wax-t.h of rilic,
hcsa, and neat, it you advisa that the scemegr is available to rake paymnt.
"As I ha-ru cabled, rra ought to have n million Francs coon,
mt only to 1'-1&3! for the <.1:'ied. 1rt::fat.ab1e8 which am payable in French 1-"macs,
but $0 sand one million 1"'rcr.c.1 1*:-arxza to the zmc:-.» F-01121 Ccaznittca and to
at up a proper rctcrm for cur opemtiom in this zone, as ac haw already
60:» in the ether zones. 7 ' A
"Addmsscea am on :£.E.'.*I. '8' Kc. 2 List 13.5.3. ctuila gran
01' the distribution of 30 gallons of vitamins mpmscnting 21. million doses
to French children in couwrn France.
It in furthcr reported trust Howard Ecruhner again corresponded
iith the Jmerican ;~;-1-.:r~.'ia Service Cczzaittea by letter dated. ipril 29, 1-J-L1,
relative to fcod pu::c£~.:.aes. A brief BT.11:'A1_'f 0: the contents oi this letter,
locording to tho con.L'idcntill aourca, in Al $011011: _
"American Friend: Service CO:=.':1'L1-88 Food Purchases. - Exu-act.a:'
"Holst has just returned from Porturral. It 1: a _r_'ren1. pity if
II ara not allowed to my for the go»:-is be ;mrc!:a::ed we're. E10 botii-ht
hm thesa Euppli as much as 25-3 under the present. market - umciirzca for 92.-=h1ch
-""I'.'1$ Lscudca selling to-day in Lisbcn at 2.35. Eta aupplic-rs are still"""-I::it.ir.-1 for cur a:'.::.~u- rut. will f1rc;x=.2l,7 mt. uzuu. much 1o::.~-:7. Holst-
"""""mpcr:.a that um British otficiais in Liabcn rem wry ccr;':..-.1 and willingIIIIQII '' for us to ha-.-a the goods but. that the real ditriculty appeared. to
-Gibb 9 | ---- -_r=-=1-»--M-!:£n to be in ashirglon. Hqiiju
um-b__,i_
.Iun Ii
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'-°"""._...2..1.':0 this milk out oi ila"-'£.t.:o1'1an:l until to had placad firm ordcn. - 30:0
-UII|In__-___ i " '- u -- Tl
--'-'---- .3 M2" 1j¢.~:.-1..-:-II w_92n_ I Qivi-.~.uo.'
. Ii co??? 7.92?""zn'»'vw .;r,é_g_;-g;~;»___,'=_j»'§--5; g ;, ..5 suisa milk aicmuun. :70 could mtzapnly for per-zcinion to .-
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Ian placed in I.¢::-zber and mzuzindcr in Janzazy, roll before notice no
rocoiwd 1'1-cu you :?.:.t wa would haw-a to have an 1:-.:iivid~.:a1 liccnoo in each
oaso. As lato r.-.: .=.z::'::1: 17th ;.-cu ad--isod um. French mn-:3: could be un-
blocked for ;>ur~:*=..-»:'::-. in Port-.-.-gal and Switzerland. It zoomed entirely
clear iv.-rcfcrc *..'.:.:. we were correct. in ccntiming our arfcrto to cscurc
permission to 1::-.'.r:r; thin mill: from S:a'iL:ai'lar:1. After havirg obtaimd
pcr=1i:;'.-ma it. -5-'.=.-a:::;s Just to-0 cruol -to be told that no cannot peg cur
¥!¥3$$ 1'5-bf-30
"PRAISE FT? FT-T2"A!I ;l.CIIC.: -
acid-551;» 92=;i*Tt'a t.-is 'nlr harsolf and it van nothing more than
courtesy and hi»!: t1i.:uf-6 to tho work which the Qraken are doing for
children in Scunhcrn Franco tlmt cmbled no to secure the remission ct
tho German control in Switzerland. Eashingtcn should be glad to have on
gut. pot-neaaion cs 1.31%.: 1-co-:1 intended for Ger-carw, rather than £0:-bid us
to do so.
"tho Ccrc=9.':': control gave permission only after aw ole:-.n
gusrantao that 1.*;c :3-_:..: would be distributed by tho Quaker worker: in
Southern I-rance. in sum, tho:-c.'.or-e, that Lao silk could not to sent tn
the Arzcrican Red Cress. £0 lika 1,.-.o Pad Cross and Fork condiclly with it,
but I do not be]:-.c~.-o it in possible to got. two milk under that. arrangement.
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"'.¢::I.|-lt.:.a$a:atre*=:r..'~.-.:92t'.*:¢92:?crra:»-,.1. Ittungrntpléyiuuuwg £9 £12: r_x.:§a ha ;~:z: =:.:a¢.". um-0. I21 lm-.;='ii the-an n--3:110: an
- _ was-.;=:¢8 11.:-1-kw ~ 2"-:.', 92:.-an r 13.12: 1.55 an-aka ulna; u-ha
5.13. 5;:-2 1:;-;.-,-Jaura aw 223.: watt!-:1: tw our Inn:-I tn I111 pa-whal-
' . 10.120 1-_-in @5023: tut as-m=>_ =1-ruuu u :.m-=1 urn wry
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' é G21 02 |?;t!=§-91239161 1:.-.11 1: End 9.2-and ti-1.": era:-1. ew on-0 plus: in racuuhu r-:1
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¢ ' Q mmz rT':~;.92. Mania: La cznirtun. la Law u Bro; 17'":a rm ndaed that Pa-cab n.:.-4
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- £3112 Sail:-"e:-.?:?';J.92 liter eohiad pendants: it nun _1u.n_ neg:-.-pi
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- An I lava enhlca, a.oc,-ght ta ban 1'in'dl1&aa I_';:;-an scan, nu:
. Q. 4;-1 : _v:.'-_';at::§1ll r.-::.-1;: an payable 1.: 3*:-mun L:-:.wu_, to cvat-an ntlhea-<_Irma to Eu Datnh 501151 Cmzziiitai and to at up a gm?! asap-vs]-Q11 u:-'2.-an.this uni, unis-nan-u=:;dn:n J.at;-uQthnrur.m __-.:.-..
Add-rune: an In B-.351. "6' Bo. 8 List U.S.l.. Dctalli glvva ht '.'L-.o_f'.'La'r.'s'!.!"-*-':.c~1
30 pillam or _v1':aa:i-an l¢prUlI:|t1.n5 81 11211:: tapas t_o m-nah c_.1i.I.¢: =';: Ln a-s-;;_-:11
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- mm; _ :- Talus J Exam. l!.A.C. . DATE _iorbepartmenil Y r, 1 ' _ 1 3'1-31-w ' " """ "'
§ 1
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Iliroctor _
Federal uurei»-11 of Investigation
'.~'ashi.n¢tor- L F __, , 0-In- 92r
Dear Si
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anri
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Ilrbrrnl iurmm nf Inurntigatiuu
nitch tatra Zlcpartmcut uf uniirr
* Sioux E-.1115, South Dakota
June 23 , 191,1 *
0
'I'.:er+=. are transrn'.tter~l here.-rith pearl",-on copi-esf bi<rrz1 "5 "-3. '-:*ato92-outs of one ofmt
with their .:1oto_-:~a'~hs '
attnchwi. 1"»wse ,/'1"a .':1:i c-21 221%-=;r.r=r_t,s were .:"1:rr.i:-3:3-> .~._r, --P.-<..~ _ _ . ."
at
of t
that th
tion.
sketche S¢no aim _ .1 171 trmc.
g _t T?-T"i._______,§ r "L-GStl""_' rm the - . c' _ .e
cr-...l'.>d lectvirn-rs for the aw".-'.'ver. Tt is noted
_mwM&_}!e%bi0gr2phica1 sketches hizve been £urn.1'.:".r:eri to
by T::'L"!~."F.:iIC;'QT S.~"l~.'¢'ICI -'IilfT'ITTl3l-B,
20 South '1~.'.-'e1fth Street, Philarlolphia, P|=:I'S:"lV9I!'§2.-
Inquiry has been made o? this office rri t1
reference to the character and loyalty of t1"'.s or='-¢niz-'~.-
Jill you ;~1o:=.:=e arwisfe ".-rhethcr the I.u:"o:.1.'. has ,
any i!L.'oI'1':-"ztion 1-."it'*. rot"-ar-"-cce to t-.*.:~. or~=mi.::-"ticn in or-"lor
that I F11 iT=".'OI"". arr! also return t!".*=- b]'C;j3~:1pI1"L!'.1i:;l -
.'er;' tr".:1k;' ;'0':.r.'?,:'.""?i ' ' _~ ' 1
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Soocinl A "mt in Chart-'. ,9
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July 12, l9h1
Special Agent in Charge -
Sioux Falls, Gouth Dakota '
HE! AEIRICAH FRIENDS SERVICE COKZITTEE .
IFCHsiTIOH COECEHHIHG
Dear Sir:
Reference is made to :ro-
questing infonnaticn concerning the xnoricnn Friends Service Committee,
20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
There in act forth below a summary of the data contained in
the Bureau files relative to the above-mentioned organization:
The imerican Friends Service Committee has been-rcperted to
be e Quaker organisation under the leadership of Rufus Jones who is a
professor at Hoverford College, Hnverford, Pennsylvania. The aims of
this or;nniznti1n appear to be of a chnritable and pacifist nature.
It is stated the organization was founded in 1917 representing the
religious society of Friends and has, according to literature prepared
and distributed, "engaged in many projects to promote peace one to
afford young people opportunity for constructive patriotic service."
It claims to have performed relief work in depressed industrial sections
of the United states, and has allegedly been supported by Americans of
all d9nOHin:ti0n3- nccordin; to its literature it has nlzo administered
non-partisan relief for refugees in Spain and Gennnny.
The Pence Section of the American Friends Service Committee
hoe been affilintod with an organization known as "Heep America Uut
Of Her Congress," and has participated in various peace conferences.
Tie latter organization has been reported to be a Communist zront,
In July of l9iO,£he American Friends Service Concdttee
restored riot was necribnd as a itudunt Peace Jervico, published and
distributed numerous publications on peace, and sponsored conference:
in colleges throuihout tho United States on such subjects no {race and
eocinl problems. It has published literature of n pacifist ncture
oyposing conscrifmiont92.
r ~ 92 ! ' !
-.,_,4 ~
a
SAC Sioux Fall: Page Two
In connection with the work of the Refugee Section, the
Committee has pzrticipated in campaigns to raise money to aid the
. - Spanish refugees in ?funee. It has alao assisted in a program of re-
sottlcaent of Qpanizh refugees in various South Azerican countries., - 92_
' Infozzntion has also teen furnished that the Coznittee gives
advice to iznigrcnts and it has been stated that the committee files
contain photograpns and rc;o:ts of individuals in Germany who desireto G%FaiQw§id_cf Jzcricuns in coming to the eited States.. -7.-'-: -- ' .-';{.n.-'.-="_ _' §;
n-»--.".=.';..¢:*1~1éW:»~»1--?¢ -
f There ;r¢_ret;r:ud herewith, the_3ioLrayhicul stateuants of";»»»~'~ . "' -r ~- ~H->¢-1 *Y"~:* . .-.c h £9-P-' M , ,.,...;I~_-'9!5¬§} E _¢&& } no Jthcr J. 81:1 tn £11L L -, -P110 -..O_,,1é=pu3 0 I _ !"
Very truly yours,
John Edgar Hoover
Director
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August 22, 1941
I
K.
FO;_j1§FTCAK_[;TI:;§ STEY1C§i§Q:Q;@§J$
ith reference to the above captioned organization,
which in mentioned in your memorandum number 2219, dated
August 5, 1941, it is noted that this organization has
registered with tho Socrataty of ftate in accordance with
tho terns of the uutrality not of 1939; for the purpose
of soliciting and colloctinq contributions to be used fbr
the relief of human suffering in Croat Britain, Poland,
Germany, France, Norway, Lolgium, and the Netherlands.
1
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5th August, l9Ll.
£IJ H FRIQHDS SERVICE CL-LITTE3
-- -
The address of the above organisation is probsbly known
to you and has b-on revealed to us recently as 20 SoUTH
T ZIFTH 5T;;;Tfj?HILs33LP£In. Us nose that they main-
tained this address in 1932, so presume they are still
carrying on there; .
FROH§::::5I
AUG 11 l9Ll .
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A FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
$?.?JéLZ:£°R.s.~.Tm.T mom cm x.c.m
INTI; *7 W E HE "W .7 1; V "ff 1 I J E V7"
I an-our mam: rr run: vmzn nan: Pcmuo run I In-081' MADE BY92 .1 H E, .'92'925¢u
A.hSAS cm I 8-18-1,1 71"31,§l ,2'I, ¬=.~"°';,-,,1~,-,--,."" 9:m-_ EEEEE ,, C , e-Jn-¢z.1 , _____,l, all
'rl"l'1.I.' -- cl-|AnAcl'l-In or CA$¬
' 1 PEACE CAP..AVA392"
. OALEERICAN FRIEI:DS SERVICE com.-Trm:
_ 92-
1 SYNQPEIS OFFAC-"rs= The Peace Caravan consisting of four members
A conducted meetings in Osborne, Kansas, during
July, 1941. They are connected with the
Alnrioan Friends Service Committee; have
declared they are conscientious objectors and
advocate a negotiated peace. -
-0- "
DETAIIS: Source ?'Y£§mcmth advised this office that
"four ;;cun{; calling themselves a Peace Caravan, which
Caravan seems to have been sponsored by the local Ministerial Associa-
tion, came to Osborne, Kansas. At one of their meetings they distributedl circulars, the contents of wrrich are set forth as follows:
A " INI'RODUCII~IG IUIR COIILILTIITI CAP-AVAII
Our purpose is to help our fellow citizens to understand
the problems and to bear the burdens oi peace, and to serve the ooremnmity
in as many ways as we can,
- --Your Communi ty Caravan.
HELAT 1.5 J1. L3J¥_P=AV.AlI292
A Caravan is a group of four college young men or women who have faith
M enough in their fellow men to believe that democracy can smvrive and
advance, and 1-that the no:-,1_d can be rid of war.
,/--' 2,-,
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They have acquired a background of information in the problems or
economics, sociology, religion and international relations. They
are trained in leading discussion and study groups, spe:-Jcing, writing
and dramatics, and are ready to help groups and-1'_ndivid11als to consider
the problems of establishing order, Justice, understanding, and goodwill
in the world.
In addition to this concern, the Caraveners are eager to serve your
community in as many constructive ways as they can, such as helping with
community recreation, craft instruction, church cork, 1-:elie=.re work, etc.
Caravaners are selected college students from all parts of the country
without regard to race, color, or religious affiliation. They are recruited
by the American Friends Service Committee, with national headquarters at
20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, Penr.s*_,rl92'ania, and trained by them
for ton days at one of their Institutes of International Relations.
CARAVANERS L IIWITED T0 HIE CO1L..UIJI'l'! c
The Caravaners living and working in this oon".'nunit'y this suzamer have
been invited here by a representative local sponsoring committee which
will supervise the work oi the Caravan during their stay here.
CARAVANERS PAY THEIR OT-Ii Will '
Caravaners are not paid workers. They give their surtner vacations and
pay their own expenses in order to do this work. The community Sponsor-
ing Committee has provided them with a place to live there they do their
own housekeeping, including cooking.
THE ALHZRICAJJ FR'.EEJJDS SERVICE COL!-EITTEE
The American Friends Service Committee which recruits and trains the
Caravaners represents tho Society of Friends Cgualcers! in the fields of
social action. The Committee is the expression of only a small religious
group, but it enlists the support of many other like-minded people oi all
denominations, Today, tho,Com'nittee maintains a wide range of projects
at home and abroad-the care of destitute children in r.'or-ruined Europe,
notably Fran cc; aid to reixr;ees of many nationalities in many parts of
the world; efforts to rehabilitate the families oi the permanently
unemployed coal miners and cotton oharccroppers; work :1-Jrrpzs for young
people seeking to make a contribution to the Iiationis wel:£aro through
constructive labor; educational projects 1'.h1o11_r§h which Americars may 1
gain knowlod;,e oi the conditions undorlgalng racial, class and international.
conflicts. These and many other activities aim at creating human fellomhip
.2.-
92.- 51!
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and und'erstanding in areas of strife and antagonism, If mrther
in1ormation is desired write to Clarence Pickett, Executive Secretary,
' American Friends Service Committee, 20 South Twelfth Street,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.! " - '
THE LOCAL SPONSGRDJG COIJMITTEE"
Some cf the remarks made at the meetings and conversations
with them have not met with the approval of some of the loc. citizens
of Osborne. They have held metings in venous churches, cooperating
with various programs of these churches, The-:3-' have been quite out-
spoken in their declaration that they were conscientious objectors,
and had been advocating the advisability of a negotiated peace,
There being no further investigation to be conducted by the
Kansas City Office this matter is being closed, -
-CIDSED-'
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1- Lei
"Dw-1
" 3 Amelgcan Fncpds ,Ser_y1ce qoeilnnttee
20 South Twelfth Street
Q . . QPh1l:1dclph1a -§_;f, Pennsylirania
7
Gukm-In, RUFUS LL JONESYin: ChzirmenT"' h°"° ' D nonenr ~m|u~m|.:.'1~""=='- "-1-W4 5- F066 "mTN °UsE 9* uA:~§:~um CLOTHILR nuu.SECTIONS EIZOIUVG $¢Cl'¢t'1- CIAKENCE E. PICKETT . SUMNER L M"_L5
Page-ign Senicz, WlLLlJ92M EVES, 3rd, Chairman
Pace, EMILY COOPER. JOHNSON, Chairman
Sotill-Industrial, BERNARD G. WARING, Chairmen '
Fellowship Council, RU!-US M. JONES, Chairman
Ir. J. Edqsr HooverSecmninl Sufi
Elmore Jack:
john F. Rirh
Harold» 1. Cl
M-lry Hoxic ,
James G. Va
Thomas E. JI
Mariasisi-5
Secrctatiti,
Hind W. Evans J: Bmim
Wdtu C. Woodwfafd -"92
In Newton
Hugh W. Moore
Homer L Marti!
e Apri 1 22, 1942 _ "5,;;,F?;;'f,° "°
u - In-I7 M. Roget!
_ Leslie D. Shaer
1-
U. S. Department of Justice '
Federal Bureau of Invectiggation
Eashington, D. C,
'Hy near Kr. Hoover:
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For the last too years the American Friends Service
Comittee has conducted during the summer months what is known as the
"American Seminar," which is cerelopee as an opportunity for training
teachers rnd artists, wh0.h3Ve come to tnis country as refugees end
imnigrtnts, in the lern-_tua.;;e, customs and. practices of 13.-ne'ric-".11 life.
It is an effort to enable them to be better citizens and to.find em-
ploynent.
In 1940 the Seminar was held at Brewster Academy,
Holfeboro, New Hampshire, and in l9&l at Holderness School, Plymouth,
tow Hampshire, During the coming year we are proposing to set up two
sections of the American Seminar, one on the campus of the State
University at Orono, T61 ne, anu the other on the cempus of the State
Univers-it;r at Durilen, lieu-1Ie.:v_wsl1ire. Tentative arrr:*.¢_;er.ents have
elrecoy been made with both of these universities, although final
approval must still be ;iven by their boars. It is plinxed to
have st ezch institution a group of thirty to forty refugee scholars,
teachers and other professional people, under the guidance of our
Committee. It liapjvezzs t;"..-at both of these universities are in some-
what isolated corrrunities r:l1i.cl1 :-are fully accustomed to persons icing,
study nd research. Iurgem is dbout six miles from the coast, Orono
about t-.'c;_t;r miles fro: time coast. _-.11 rzeifncrtz of ' staff Mid
.=tu5.cr.ts of these se::92i11==Is will be he-t:/ed on the catmuses in re-,-_,u1t_r
dormitories. It is anti
nenv Jiffcrent netionnli 992 ,_ -1 - - N..ussi.=:~.s, .:rcr.cn, -also u
I an e
saninr as written by Ki
bulletin? 01" 111:: s92.1.~.:1m*
and 1Tr"'.-1 Z-"-.":::-E1i1'c. You
"'=:t'n;~:..1 Y, Dinocl: of to
of the D£~_;rrtr10r1t of Jlr.-
5.. Y'i11-*1, in ' ;,ir-1: he c 0 nit-. L1 ~31. lm .'1tti'..it92}~.1_f ,1-5.-1?, I~y_;;iL;j1'____t1,_r-p_cipcted that the student members will represent
tics, :-::.10nthe::1 Austrizans. C:.e_C;-S.,t._1'i'>1'. e. .
e1:*1;ms 41.1161 Itnlia.ns.-- --
nclorin; herewith the rtory¢of;1est yenrio {so .'ose_n;in-: J, iiillifl:i"!_i'.OfO"£92192O1 th -
FC1.;lf:1 so-_.=:i0:1s of toe 1-.:1ivc-r::itii._:t <-"?3ZIiJ.:|c
:;-" 71:0 vi :11 to rot:-.1 +1 lg-ttcr from !Ta,jor
;~-i_1* tion cm. '..'1tur.-1i:::1tion Service
tic-~, '.'uic.lz in :,~_'.-fr:-:"».92l to Pi-'-1"-as"-01' I-her?!-L-rt
' 4 -~ ._92~in pa -
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keep tnose goverrxrent agenci es I'e5'1_f:011sib1
, safety inior::ed of our one-rations 1. , Iv!; p' ~.-
-3.
*1 1' cm ¢-.- 92r§~r-n- ~ur92n vv?"|-92-we-:_i"1r-n-1 'h.:>rI;, :4-ra [,;.v;>n-_= Ju-run _ -a»¢92.,--nu-. v.|-vu v92.-u we '.-:::-nt to
0 for public
te _ . ie Sl;8.ll_&f7§T9Ci.E
any GO:'.::1eni;s '
C3P:£Cyou :13}; gmh to me.-ze on these plans.
/92 _
Sincerely yours, K!
Clarence E. Pickett
Executive Secretary
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' AMERICAN FRIENDS senvice c0..-..i1'r1-r-.t~:-Iietiiiiiiii Section
20 smith Twelfth street. Philitlclpliiil. Penna.
Rurus M. Jones. Chairman -1Cuuiutct E. Ptct=.r:rr. Executive Secretary
___ii__
THE AMERICAN SEMllNARS SECOND SEASON
JoszrntnsiJ. 92VILLIALlS
Only a very small number of rjfuqees are able to come to this country
at the present time, partly becaus
policy, and partly because oi the d
port and securing passage. But an
there are distinguished intellectuals
culture will be out of all proportionof the stringency of our immigration
ifictilties involved in reaching a neutral
tong the few who do ninnage to come,
and artists whose contribution to our
to their number. The newcomers need
ior Americanization has ionr; beeii recognized; more recently we have
realized that the proiessional _-group of refugees face special problems of
adjustment. If they are to teach and lecture and write, they need an excel-
lent command of English, which can only be gotten through intensive work
that is adapted to their academic training. If they are to have fruitful and
cordial personal relationships with American students and audiences, they
must have a sympathetic understand
and our characteristic attitudes.
sponsored by the American Friendsing of our social customs, our traditions
Service Committee with a view to helpThe American Seminar. now in ilts second year, is one of several projects
h .ing refugee scholars and artists wit these problems of 8Cl]tiSilTlEl'll.. The
rst session was held in Wolfeboro, Z~Iew Hampshire, in the summer of 19-IO,
the second session at the i-ioiderness School in Plymouth, New i-iarnpshire,
July 2 to September 2, 1941. l
The Seminar was again organiz d according to a plan worked out by
Dr. Hertha Kraus, Associate Profes or of Social Economy at Bryn Mztwr
College, and Consultant to the Am rican Friends Service Committee, who
also served as Executive Secretary l the Seminar. Professor Herbert A.
Miller, formerly Professor oi Sociol gy at Bryn _92Iawr College and Temple
University, was the Resident Directo and an inspired lecidei-._'Ihe faculty oi
four members and 2| tutors were : merican teachers or graduate students
except for one tutor who had tztuqhtl English in Austria. The maintenance
staff of twelve adults and nine juniors; was partly European, With a vet-_v fewexceptions the entire staii contributoltl their services. Staff and iaculty led
it strenuous life. The odd jobs thati turned up gave scope to every latent
talent but no one ill0U_..Illi of begrud ing the hard work.
The members oi the Seminar ad been carefully selected, followine
recommendations oi the several reit gee agencies, professional associations,
and professional colleagues. 'l'hi_-y p id a fee oi one hundred dollars, co92'er-ing all expenses for the nine weeks. %tbOl.1i 25% oi the group were sponsored
by New York refugee agencies who made their training possible, pi1!.'lIi,_' :1
reduced lee oi Qlf.gli'i!' dull.'.t'rS. supple ented by a twenty dollar schtilarsliip
of the American l-'rienLIs' Service Cut intittee. In other cases members were
ltelped by indivitluztl iricntls to l'lttC the fees.
The eighty-two members were if ten different nationalities-: approxi-
mately one-third oi the group 9292i]§.'92l.lSl.i'li1n and another third German;
French, Czechs, Russiaris, Huttguriiis, Rutlmanians. Poles, ituliuns nntl
Dutch mzulc up the rt-st. The iii y-three men and twenty-nine women
included fifteen mnrrit-tl couples. 'l c majority hiltl n doctors ticeree and
had been well est.'1lilislit'd in their pr it-ssions. The .iCllUl[ll'S incltitlt-tl twieve
social scientists, three natural scient sts, ve philosophers, three psycholo-
. .
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gtsts and one mathematician. Seven mernlu-is were teachers. The arts wt-r
represented by eleven musicians or nutsicolotzists, seven painters. art hi:
toriuns or industrial artists, a stauc director, a puppeteer and a teacher u
the modern dance. Fifteen members had le'_':tl training, and eight wer
editors or journalists. .-92 few had been in this country :1 year or more
the majority had been here only a few months and had had few intimat
contacts with Atnericans. Most of the members had it good foundation ir
English grammar and an excellent reading knowledge; they all neede-
practice in hearing and speaking Enelisli. Even those who could too
forward to denite positions for the following, winter had their private sur
rows, but to a remarkable extent. these refugees succeeded in living in th
present, welcoming the summer as an opportunity to learn and :1 pr0Viclt'nli;|
respite from worry.
' Through the generosity of the Holderness School, the Seminar wn
housed in handsome brick bttiltlirurs on a beautiful campus in the foothill
of the White Mountains. The school provided dormitory space for the stzt:
and fty members. A few members lived in private houses in the 92'ill;1_e
oi Piyiriouth, mile or so irorn the campus. Plymouth Teachers "ollr-cc pt.
its auditorium at the disposal of the Seminar. and, like the Plymouth Lihrar
and Dartmouth Colleae. very kindly lent books not owned by the schoo
The community was friendly and helpful; neiehbors lent equipment. gay
yegetables from their grartlens and provided transportation and outines i"
the-ii cars. Metnbers were invited to speak at the Rotary Clubs of Plymotitl
Bristol, and Meredith. To many newcomers the climate and landscape o
New Hampshire were :1 revelation, reireshin: to body and spirit. The moun
tains and lakes reminded each one of cherished places in his own countr;
and gave him new courucge to face an uncertain future in _-92meric:t.
The program was planned to meet the four major needs oi the mem
hers: language training. a realistic understandins of the .4.n1.eric:ttt scene. res
and relaxation after terric emotional strain. and experience in group livin
tn the American way. The academic part of the proeram was a famili-i
procedure, easily taken up z-._eain: the art of reiaxing in some cases had to h
relearncd; the co-operative erroup tiring was a wholly new experience tlm
became more and more meaningful as the hundred twenty-ve individual
became a community with a common purpose and a common |'£'5p |nSll1lllt}
Each morning the whole Seminar gathered in the chapel for at shor
period of Silent worship or meditation. with an occasional ntcssage, in tit
Quaker rnztnner. Some who at rst found the silence meaiiingless, later dis
covered not only its restfulness but also its sistnicance in our commo:
search ior God.
Two classes were held every morning. Durinr: the rst hour Professo
J. Neale Carman of the I'ni92'crsity of Kansas and Ur. Archibald H. Coolid:
of the Hotchkiss School in Lalceville, Connecticut. conducted an Enulis.
course in two sections. Duriuz the second hour Professor Miller lecturt-ti n:
the American community three days a week: on the alternate days in jnl;
Dr. Arthur Mekeet of Frientls L'niversi1y. Vrichita. Kansas. gave a survej
of American history, and in .-92uj_{ust there were a number of 92'isitin$_§ lecturer;
Various aspects of American education were discussed by Irofes.s.or Loui
P. Benezet of l_!:trtttt0t1th Cullt'_:_'L', formerly Superintentlent of Sghoolg it
Manchester. New llampshire. Dr. Ernest L. Silver, Presitlent of Plyrnouti
T@Ch£I'5 Cvllvrlt. the Rev. I-lilric Weld. Rector of tht lioltlerness School. EH1!
hiiss Elizabeth F. Johnson, formerly Head of the Baldwin School in liryi
Mawr, I'enn~;;,'lv;tt1ia. Ur. Robert S. Lynd, co~ztulhor of 1lllJl!l.l£'l'O92.'.92'
described -lift: in :t typical Ptlidille-Wt-stern town. Ilr. Rufus i92l. _lot|t'$, Ur
Mel-tecl, Miss liuinta Ladbur_92', and Ur. :'92|m:t C. Brinton of Pendlc Hill
SP0! 0" tilt history and philosophy of Quztkerism. Dr. Laurens Seelye o
l.
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the Ernertzency Committee for Displaced Fort-rim Scholars, discussed the
problem of placine foreign scholars in American enlleees. Among the other
lectures, mention should he made of a talk on public welfare by Mr. Ralph
Page, Commissioner ol Public 9292*'t-lfare in l92'e92v Hanipshirc. one on the Ameri-
can Press by Mr. R. ll. Marl-zhani, special correspondent of the Clirislitm
Science fllonitnr, one on the Sucinlntgy of the Radio by l!r. laul Lazarsield,
Professor at Columbia University and Uirector of Radio Research for the
Rockeleller Foundation, and one on the New liampshire League of Arts and
Crafts by its founder, Mrs. Randolph Coolirlge. The atmosphere in the
lecture room was informal; members asked questions on everything from
philosophy to etiquette. The lectures provoked comparisons with European
institutions, that made good material tor discussion with the tutors in the
afternoon conversation groups.
i Lunch was followed by a quiet hour, a concession to the vacation season
and European customs. Between three and ve the campus was dotted with
little groups of persons. sitting on the ground in the shade. A visitor driving
in could not guess that the most intensive work of the day was in progress.
Bach member belonged to a conversation group of four or ve persons inter-
ested in the same eld. The aroup met with a tutor for forty minutes four
afternoons a week, and in addition each member had four scheduled indi-
vidual tutorial conferences of twent_v minutes. Each group worked out its
own program, according to the common needs and interests of its members.
Individual conferences were usually devoted to help with pronunciation.
letter writing, or the preparation oi a speech or article. .-92t one stage the
campus echoed from the kitchen to the tennis courts with muttered snatches
of the Gettysburg Address in a bewilderin_4 variety of accents. .-92t table
newly acquired idioms were proudly paraded. sometimes in a startling con-
text. Between five and six there were usually choir rehearsals or folk danc-
ing. Some persons strolled to the village and the three croquet courts were
in constant use.
One evening each week the Seminar put on an entertainment for the
community. 92ocal and instrumental music, a play of Chekov's. folk dances
=and- modern dances were presented by t'llStit1f.:t.tlSl'!td European artists and
enthusiastically received hy capacity audiences. 'l"hrou-eh the nal enter-
tainment the Seminar raised more than S-100.00 for the new Plymouth
Memorial Hospital. Throuah the kindness of the Northern New Hampshire
Broadcasting 'ompany, ten members oi the Seminar, representing nine
different nationalities. gave a broadcast on the cultural relations between
their countries and the L'nittd States. Beside the formal entertainments, the
musicians frequently gave deliehtful impromptu programs in the living room.
One or two evenings a week the Hi;tlibrows," who by their own assertion
needed food for thouuht, and who in the faculty's opinion needed practice in
public speaking in Enqlish, met to discuss social and philosophic questions.
The juniors countered by nrgzinizirtu Saturday evening dances. 9292'hatever
the program. the eveninr: ended with the rite of raiding the ice box, a custom
rarely encouraged h_v institutions.
One feature of the daily routine deserves special mention: the co-0per:1-
tive work program. which meant that each person cared for his own room
except for the 592Vt.'r'pit-__{, and tool; his turn waiting on table, dishwashing and
helping with the Saturday nttirnittg cleaning. Nu niemlier worked every
week or more than two hours :1 clay on the avt-ra;_'i.-. The work program was
of course a linancial necessity, but it was iar more than that. Throu,-.:h the
manual labor new skills were acquiredlt-arned ,eentlemen who had never
before polished their own shoes found courztyge to attempt the latuulerine oi
their shirts-:lt some risk to the shirts. Trouser creases, that were irregrular
by all objective statulartls, were exhiliiterl by their owners with the pride of
u
' 0
0
,. In
u n:-, v- s
H!
a child showing off its latest drawing. Out of the teamvcnrk in the dining:
room and kitchen, there came a sense of sharing responsibility for the corn-
mon good. Within :1 wide range of individual variations, persons b t':tme
more observant of the Small ways in which they could help and more rt-nd_v
to take the initiative. It was a novel experience for thot-e who were accus-
tomed to considerable deference because oi their professional standing; to be
limited by the language difficulty in their means of ¬.92I}Jt't.*-Sitllt, and to lmve
their standing with the J.!r0t1[I depend, to a considerable extent, on their spirit
of co-operation in menial tasks. As one member said, Dont mind the
dishes we have brol-ten; in the history of the world communities have ht.-en
buiit at greater cost."
Wednesday afternoons and Saturdays were left free for recreation and
excursions. Swimming parties and drives were always popular. several
nearby mountains were climbed by the more energetic. Dartmouth inlltzttc
invited the whole Semirrzmover for the day and provided guided tours of
the campus, with its fine library and Ornzco murals. i92Ir. ienrge G. Clztrlt
of Plymouth staged a very amusing country fair on his farm for the Seminar.
Other ncigitbors entertained smaller groups delightfully, One of the hi;rh-
spots of the summer was the visit of the Hampton Qurwtctte. They pre-
sented a beautiful program and taught the Seminar to sing some spirituals.
For the Europeans it was :1 deeply nrovintz introduction to the Negro, his
music, and his religion. The two gala occasions of the summer were the
mid-term dance and the farewell banquet. On both occasions the enter-
tainment included hilarious skits. Some members said they had not laughed
so much for several years.
On Sundays those who cared to. attended a Friends meeting for worship.
Some attended services in one of the local churches. Several of the singzt-rs
sang in church choirs. In the evening everyone gathered on the beautiful
terrace behind the main building for a picnic supper, followed by group
singing of American songs. e .
It is impossible to measure the results of the summer's experience. There
are no i-eft-re and aiter" recorriinus oi pronunciation, no statistics of wei_~.".l"-t
gained anti no systematic way of estimating chances in attitude, but everyone
concerned was aware of progress in several directions. The tension in the
lecture room relaxed perceptibly as English sounds becztme more farniliar.
Conversation became more spontaneous as the mechanics of the l;m;:u:1f_'t'
were mastered. The lectures helped to dispel groundless iears, but rcnl
difficulties were frankly discussed. Many members looked stronger, and
some looked years younger, as the eood and plentiful food, the rest and sun
and air took effect. The tgaiety of the yotlneer group was Contngiotts. I-or
some members the most important thin: Of H" '35 the sense of bclorminn to
a community again, of being welcomed. befriended and valued by .*92mr-ricuns.
For the staff, the Seminar 9292'ilS a unique opportunity to associate with brilli;u".t
persons from every part of the continent. Teaching conditions were idtai.
and no one could fail to gxain a better understanding of the whole refugee
problem and a deeper syrnpathy for its victims.
And if we are ever tempted to think that helping eitzhty-two reftigctrs,
when hundreds oi thotiszmds are i1Ol'1|t'iCSS. is only a pathetic gesture of
good will, we need only rentemher that. in terms of the hi-_§l1er values, the
rehabilitation of :1 sin;gh- life is in its:-li n great achievement, and that every
ideal approncln-d in n practical way, no mutter on how small :1 scale, is an
encour.1§.:enu>|1t to :|ll the persons of gootl will who are looking for a way to
rrnnh hvzirn nnrl nrrlnr mir nf llRi1'l1l"lil!l'92 nnrl charm. ---.--e. ,r-.,,_., ,,,..., ..-...,,. .._._ _.. _._. _._._._..... .__,_ _...___._..
_ I ,.,, ., A'I -- J---- -- A
f 4
1 I
,, ' I:1'92- >f "Ir ¢
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION.1I
,' ¥$'.';°§l2§°R.G.mm.T nuxrrmcmz, mar vmcnm I " ""-'= "°-
7 R;ORl' A1 I 7 MAIQE if tE:I¬>:;2:g EIEETORT HAD; If
mzwrxxmaa, w.v.a.. 6»-21-hz _ /26:6/7,13/1:2 i1;, O " * E ? ** A c;mI92Ia.A;1-:n;rcAj: 7*
ummcm 1-mums swzvxcf: CG?-LITTER <¢.»~.~=»-;.- 5 I
I SYNOPSIS or I-ACTS:
ID . . .and was-.J'~'f'I while
vacationing at Ctenpen State Park, near Berkeley-
Springa, TIQVQ, reported. as reoaivim; literaturo
from American Friends Servieo Cczznittoo whieh nu
pro-Japanese in nature, and 11:9 of auiatnnuc to
conscientious objoatorsp £151-ffiand wifo ll.pp_9§.1'
to be usocintcd with -the AFSC -which hi! headquarters -
It 20 South 'Iua1fth St», Philadelphia, Poznuylvaniu.
Philadnilphia Field Office roquostpd to furnish 0.11
infcrmntipn an organization and ¬=:§_§,} oouplsa
--I P 1» .--1;
Teletype h-on Hnmtingtqa to Philadelphia am»a;5i-2:»-ha.
Invaatigltien in this 00-00 is predicatad upcr: £7 telephone e
foeoived from Confidential Infor.u.nt¢'_-11:3, who ddrisad that-
li Iit1§»Ii101l in the vicinity of Bartel-ay Sp:-Lugs roquirod inw
5111101; __
A1 BERKELEY SPRINGS, WEST VIRGINIA
Confidential Iniommt advised the writs? that he had 1
fidential information fret": Confidential Informant Q3 to 1;:
effect that two individuals new vacationing atcaoagcn Stni
Park, ten miloa from Berkalog-r Springs, were receiving lite:
which was prO*-'J0.p&nosO in zmtzxro, and which also agpoarod 1
late to assisting; conscientious ob;§ect0r:¢ It wan tho opiz
of fl that the mail roceirm-;i by these individual: cOntI.in<
.-pediticua statements nginut tha United States and its tram
.-I/-__ 1?
. /0o-u>1,1-/.9
0! the Jepneu 11 ovlouaticm from the Pacific Coast 111869 He referred to
.;3tor further information
Coafidontiel Informant cf? advi zed eheea-'r...*.;<:*:=2tI=nd *~.~"I?1#I
his wife, registered at Cacapen Ste.te' Park for e cottage on May
16, 1911.2, stat-.i:.~.a t_i_".Bt=i;i1ey wished to rennin for two weeku They gave an
address ef- """'T'I'_1.';...........m""" "Jf;I__ ;-_"§5B, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Shortly after t
arrhml, L. _-gatatod that 92__ began to receive nmch nail frcr. the
American Friends Service Ccttaittee vrheee madquertere were located in Phil:
delphia. stated that hie aueeieicne were arc-need by 0. number of letter
Ihieh he reec-.»~red_be1on.i:i:2; to I " I"""l: § 1""-§ produced an enveloroe ad»
-addressed to fg
L '»'.-"'i;',',t,'wieh the rm:-turn emu-Me. eeszrxcr-gr '1-"RIB-{IDS s=.:nv1c"e cc.=.:¢1-1-~::*2._.
20 Sqyth Twelfth Street, Philedelphiae This envelope contained lpp!'OXi:".-L.'.c
twenty-fin tiasee copies oz letters addressed to college student: in the ii
England area. concerning their epglication to work for the vxmer nonthe as
Ponce Volunteer: in the United State: and 1-Eexioe
A2110 .e1:ve1ope elzoeeontei zed 0. bhroo-Pp?-go miuaogruphed let of "In-<
etructione for Volunteere of Peace Service Semizmre , end :1 two-¢_.92-age mieeo-1
graphed letter ecnteining information for these -planning to attend 0. sonim
Juzzo 15 to Auguet 11'-3, 19242, at Rig}-aeree, near Philedel-giaia, Penneyltrgaiaq
From this literature it appeared that one §____gl;_"f_'.;;I_%*Ie.u active in this Com
l1t12I6q
92,' _A1_eo coptaiieedk in the envelope wan I. letter written to#£'--:"l..-..""".,r. -Q!-"-.~'*"~
from ._ '.,.'.e..;i.il*;.i';?%?.Z7_. dated !£:.y 3;. 1;.
This 1etter'contuine ooznenta on the life oi an emcuee from the coast arse
91 her desires to continue her education in an Azaericen university. It 22.31;;
that 1f __;_';;' ' was formerly associated with the work of the nrsericen Prim-
Service Czmittee An attached letter written to t;IIeJ....t..o'Y"l~d""IIl.7;,l.'L.'..lIlt b1-'8..'...W..- .;,;
fmenticne among other tillage, "He ere not able to teLL yet: just new Wglrrill
out the 2:1-tter cl tranefcrz-ix student: from the emanation centers int-1 cc
loge-.e"¢ letter mentions the feet that, "It certainly 1; encgu
5 to knew that I400 CO: euro ooning in every mOI1thQ"
$""Ya.1eo turned mar to the writer e letter written to¤'7" -i?"",'
I§.;3 WY. "'-*":;:;:»~.;%;;:.-..,.*oi"' " I
_he Qtaticzaory er the: _ ,_;:.:;,1";-;_..;.o.--...,;e;- _ "__"t.:».';.:;_-;._;;_-j._r_-_q_____
'.:3",Il-5311-§,i1Zi'£,'§£ie After so.-:5 peraonml cozzaonte this letter mentions, ".i.>1o J
in Z4+I92QHA!l -Q ran! 1-0 L-u-4-twee] pl;-Jun:-4-{Aye C.-.Jr...._.I..-_ 1' ____ J.-__. _ .l_| _u-'-naww _J|U92bll-UJ.92J;J .|-I Au<~A.4J uU_vuuu-L uui1u;.i.!J92¢.l.U-A0 DI-in-Ul'U-5:], .L WUDU ULIIII Cl! L-Hi]
Japanese Christian Church where 1 tnouermd J9-nfmose people were lined ue e1
the curb, to nee and her little family off for the Pcnfmg Fair C:'r;-1'71
only ccrznent me, H-'0 do luck like migrants, don't we, and I glee:
- er»? Llthough the Government 1. trying 11:; beat to be hurnemitariln 1;, the
92
I h~ >
'proeedure, the eeeizznent er uproeting LQQEQQO peogle is toe men Ier any
humnitarian approach to do the situation. Housing at the present has meant
mixing of families, pix, seven, and eight in two vary small rooms, some of
which are horse stalls] there is no recreatiun equinment or books, only long
5houre withaut ooaupation Q; creative outletg The first hand atoriea utterly
to be counted on are beyond description. I have never had anything so oonv
plctely take hold of no an this particular problem» It makes ma rea1ize'hew
impotent I have been an a e1ti,oa; hex untrained I am in politibal aeticnx h
how completely no have handed over the determining of many basin polieiea to
Qlfvnnnin nvui nn'|i+'i!'In1 nwnnluarn a-vlriannl '
. 1§§f;§ :f:§ and the committee Ih1oh'Ie have formed on the eet Goa:
Ire doing a vn¢iEnt Job. By all means, urge your collage to accept Japanese
;ltudentn§ to prepare the ground for them, and simply to take them into tho
Fltudcnt body not as Exhibit A, but as part of the eammu: life, I feel 50 gnu
it can be done and equally um-= that the Student cm-151.11» uqwmnz 1:111 haw
to carry 1 110': lhare or 1 trumandoua unertaking¢"
r
:
1' -.
1 , ,m. ' .
' FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
l'brmNo.1T1-us CASE OFIIGINATED AT HUNTINGTON W. VA. IPILI NO. _ 8
I-IPDFIT MADE IT DATE I'HEN MAUI PCIHOD FOR RZDRT MADE I1
WHICH MADE -PHILADELPHIA, PA. I '_?/16/42 is,/1233/4; I
TITLE
CAIEERICAN rsmws sssvrcs COi£.}£ITTEE -CHAIACTKR OI CAI!
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: Committee founded in 191? as religious,
charitable, welfare and peace organi-
zation by Quakers and Society of Friends;
serving as relief agency to alien refu;ees
regardless of race, creed or color; main-
tains advisory counsel for conscientious
objectors. Expressed policy is anti-war.
Conducts institutes, peace seminars, main- -
tains schools, and publishes peace, charity
and social welfare literature; is presently
cooperating with FBI furnishing information
concerning conscientious objectors. Gom=
mittee has been requested bjvw
if _ =-e lg, .'ash-
ington, to develop a program of education at .
American Universities for Japanese American
students in prohibited areas. Program ap-
proved by War Department. Activities ofi I ' I.flIL'.".7"31is-"fi"""' ' '"' Land
' 1., ;_;;92Il;s, and '§,_a,'L_i,j§i;"1 ~_i '-
if 'if.h'l.';z'1/-'-in n'I'. Pnrfh - ';-see----.4,---» ...~.- .- ... -. .-. 92 . I
' I- R U C -
This investigation is predicated upon the.
receipt of information that the subject in
this case has been suspected oi being affile
listed with un-American or subversive activities.
I
.X* | .
Phila. File
Copies of this report are being furnished to the Huntington
Field Division which by teletype dated Kay 26, 1942, requested informa-
tion on the American Friends Service Committee and its alleged officers,
m,""§¢¢¢~}5" j,::wv'é'~::'o>-law? eo~*~sr:eund¢::§e.oe.s»e***"< * - o
Investigation of the American Friends Service Committee
conducted by the Philadelphia Police Department Lay 14, 1942, reflected
that the Committee is a charitable organization supported by the Quakers
and Friends of this country and in several other parts of the world.
Information contained in the files of the Philadelphia Field
Division reflects that the organization was founded in 1917 and represent
the Society of Friends and Quakers in the field of social action. It
also enlists all other like~minded people of all denominations. The
Committee has served as a relief agency to alien refugees, regardless of
race, creed or color. .
Prior to the entry of the United States in the present war,
=teprQsentatives-of the.organization were outspoken in their declaration
that they conscientiously objected to active participation in the war by
the United States and were in favor of a negotiated peace. The Committee
has been very cooperative in furnishing; information concerning conscien-
tious objectors to the Philadelphia Field Division.
Special Argent Y"'? ' ._ "'.;.l?."}§,- advised the writer that1-or" . 1--» .- vi ,-~. -V-..»-_-.. . _,, .QB} " ;..~-*,;,§'.";..M __-Fbf the Committee, had been very co-
operative in furnishing information in conscientious objector and Se-
lective Service oases. _ -
<,--r--i- """""l'."I'_" """' I-1-=o l"""'=I= o -.~-1,. l o .¥f§3§§§t§' riziioi- we ;§:Zo e i .r x§3§§377~§¥Z§§33. Ph11a
dolphin, a member of the Committee, on December 2?, 1941, furnished the
following; information to Special Agent Q __ ..-i.j.;»l .'§: .-- ~-I--:1]--roar ,
The American Friends Service Committee has served for twenty
years as a relief agency to refugees, particularly alien refugees. It
is presently concerned with aiding aliens, but wishes to cooperate with
the Federal Bureau of Investigation. -
I-1E
Information received from Confidential Informant {lmi}£ whose
identity is known to the Bureau, is set forth as follows:
The American Friends Service Committee had stated that Jpa-
nose American college students vacated from the Pacific Coast will have
an opportunity to continue their studies in inland universities and
colleges. ..
1 ' II _! r
P111111. File
' had stated wet this
Organization has accepted responsibility for developing a program whereby
more than one thousand Japanese American students could be re-established~ in schools on the request oi
§:§Q __ ,f "". ;f§ said in a letter to the Corrzmittee, It
is not feasible for the Government to undertake the program, but this in
no way detracts from the desirability of such an accomplishment."
On 1-lay 26, 1942, the Philadelphia Office receiyed from the
Huntington Field Division a teletype advising thati and {i'_'_'_;:'..;s'f;,':F_»;'§'_"'~:..7'T";.;...,"" alleged officers in the American Friends
Service Committee, are residing in Cecepon State Park, Berkeley Springs,I West Virginia, and are receiving niail containing seditious statements
' against the United States and criticism of the treatment of Japanese in
evacuation from the Pacific Coast. It was alleged further that the Com-
mittee is supposed to be active in scouring release oi J2-.pe.nese students
from internment camps in order to continue their studies at American uni-1
I
92 Vere-ities. r
7 - 'It was alleged further that the Committee is believed to be
active in urging young, people to register as conscientious objectors and
to solicit for volunteers for peace service seminars. The Huntington
Field llivision requested tE1r_t__in_£omation also be furnished concerningone e'_,_;.;..*.. ,s,_,§°"-*'* ",~ Philadelphia, who is active in
the Committee and peace seminars.
r
Phila.5 .1 .
1 g
92 -v 92_/
File '
92T"f$presented to the writer a letterhead of the
organization which reflects the following as officers:
CLAREN cs E:"'PICKl-3_TT, Faceoutivo Secretary,
RUFUS MI UONES, Chairman, H
TfILLLkIi R-@066. Treesqrer. n.1I1,Y couPER"'Jo1n;soN, Chairman
- RAY"RE='iTON, Secretary, ~
Vice Chairmen '
__- Associate Secretaries
D. ROB
HANTAH
.1-'.'TTl.'92?Z-Dv L A-uu-|.|92PEACE SECTION
ERT YARKALL
cwna 12-:R HULL
A ' 's'T 1 1 1':I1 O In]. LILLJ 92-mmom n-zcs
E. A.-5f:EiAI92L
PHILIP rIACOB
cu! w=sou~
' ALLEN H.92BARR
LHIFQUHKE
mozarsrrwozm
Josieiz--e GI-IARD
_ . - 2011111-eecxnss. E. P.A92'1.;o1¢n'*:?11soN
'92-TAITFETA ALLEE*'Ci-IAIII
CIU.5h"COliO*iE_R
DAN '|iIl.SON
Field Secretaries
D0z~:ALt3rEssLsR
TO}-.S.l{UlIT
may LTORRISSETT 1,-rut
" ELHAiFaI=E< "'S'T.=ITii '
JOArI'-WARi1SHUIS
A copy of the letterhead is being retained in the exhibit file of the
Philad elphia Office. _
I. ,. .;_-o- -,-'-t ';-r.;_:J;y,=-,h92.-'-< '-'.~1-4'-'.'*"-¢-._:' :_.;_5 .. . _ _, '-._ t ' l-4}; -_ '1".-_--' r " We ' _... - 1 " W.
9292w.¢1t "92-3-.+;{:::§$£Z;;;ém#a£um,~§v& g*n;l'.::§Q$QL§m@rican Friends Service
Committee, advised the writer that he recently returned from a trip to
California, and on nay 14, 1942, conducted a meeting for the benefit of
the qananese in the Philadelphia area. In his speech.to the Japanese,
¬5Q4§L;j§ explained the problems confronted during evacuation on the
Pacific Coast and suggestions on how to meet the problems.
ll.-....w'_~I;;~._Q{,.1J,;Q§cxpluined he was familiar with the local Japanese
and was interested in furnishing to them all possible relief and advice
To the best of his knowledge, he stated that there were approximately
fifty Japanese in Philadelphia. §§} lIE!lbexplained that the Committee
has been cooperating with the Government in conscientious objector
problems and in the problems arising from the evacuation of Japanese
Americans from the Pacific Coast wnr zones. In order that the exact
nnture of the work done by the Committee, Concornin education of Japa-
nese and solving Japanese problems, may be kncwn_lfE£¬?"' ? furnished
copies of two letters to the Committee from L_Hjjj:§§:é;w;;}";* §;h;§,
0
92 I. .
_ v _ -u- _
!
.;=,,,_,=,;_._ . . , I _ . 2-¢,v{fe!='?!-_:;»:,1>;¬ tm.+ -. ,_ .»_._92_ ',_,.~.u-"-..r..--..+ ?'-A-- I !J H __ :2;
respectively, The copies of the letters, which are being retained by
the Philadelphia Field Division as exhibits, are
__ . - , ' _ _ . - _ - r ..set forth as follows:
"The American Frlnds service committee can make a signi-
ficant contribution to the program of the War Relocation Authority.
' - "As you know, evacuation of Japanese
citizen Japanese is new under way on the Pacific
will move from the prohibited zone to relocation
At these centers we shall be able to provide foraliens and American~
Coast. Host evacuees
centers managed by WRA.
elementary and high
school education. We cannot, of course, establish new universities.
0
4
-
. - ___,!
Phile. File
U 92 .
"1 handed to the roughest sort of suggested press
release. I am anxious that some announcement be made early this week so
that the people on the Coast who are concerned about this problem will
not be completely discouraged.
__ ' ' ' Sincerely yours,
» sinned!
Dear W: _ ' _
~ ,
has sent me a copy oi his letter of Llay 5th to you, regarding the work-
ing out of a program of university education for Japanese-American citi-
sens who are now being evacuated from the Facific Coast. He has suggested
that you and your committee would find it helpful to receive from me an
expression of approval oi a properly conceived and carefully executed
program in this respect.
_ Accordingly, I take pleasure in advising you t t I am incomplete sympathy with the suggestions made b in his
letter to you oi Lay 5th. Anything that can legitimately be done to
compensate ldyal citizens of Japanese ancestry for the dislocation to
which they have been subjected, by reason oi military necessity, has
our full approval. In particular, the suggestion for the establishment
of a committee of distinguished educators to work out a program of uni-
versity education in other parts of the country for Japanese-American
citizens evacuated from the Pacific Coast meets with my hearty approval.
"I an happy to lcnow that this comrq.ittee_is being formed under
your sponsorship and that of the American Friends Service Committee.
_ ¢
- p - Sincerely yours,
shed!
. Concerning criticisms directed against the Govferrupent in the
evacuation of Japanese Americans on the Pacific Coast, stated
that the Committee objects to the discrimination directed against American
citizens oi Japanese descent in the evacuation from the war zone areas on
I .
. Z 'I I.-
__,_.__......._..__....4- __ . _ ._ ~ ""'' _ I
I
. _ X 1 'i!. 92.
Phi la. File
. .
.the Pacific Coast. He stated that the Committee was not criticizing the
evacuation of aliens, but it did feel that the Americans of Japanese
descent should not be discriminated against, and that regulations she
be applied equally to Germans, Italians and Japanese.
.
.
Pamphlets secured from the Committee'reflect that the
Society of Friends, from its origin in the seventeenth century to
Religious
the
present time, has continuously held that war and Christianity are incom-
patible; and therefore as Christians, they cannot under any circumstances
support or prepare for war. Various pamphlets depict the work of the
Committee in conducting institutes, peace seminars, social welfare work
and charity work of all types.
. I
92
p
?
,.
*
F
>-
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_ . _ ' _ Presidio of San Francisco
any a, 1942 .-
Bubject:- AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE .
' .91, L,£°?imE1°m . "
- Recent activity of the ALEEICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMIITTEE
it advisable that a summary on subject organization be prepared for
tion and that information available in other agencies be solicited.
} The FRIEHES is a Quaker organization with headquarters in
delphia, Pa., at 20 South 12th Street, subject group, a section ofhas made
dissemina-
Phila-' "the :n1s/
RESISTER'S INTERHATIOHAL COUNCIL OF INTERNATIONAL AHTI-HILITARISTS GROUPS,
use registered with the secretary of State on Hoveber 9, 1939, as an organ-
_ pizstion engaged in the solicitation and collection of contributions
used for relief in belligerent countries. Committee organization is asto .'b'e'I s_
follows: Chairman, arms n. Jo1-res; Secretary, R.~.Y;:o:mlvr1Ls0:»:; Executive
seeyetery, CLAREKQE p_92PICKETT: Treasurer, WILLIAM R.FOGG. JONES is known
to have made speeches before Pacifist groups, and WILSON, although publicly
- pamphlet entitled
Cincinnati, Ohio,criticizing HITLER, has declared himself in favor of a negotiated peace. A
"The Society of Friends in Regard to War was issued in
by subject group, which stated that war and Christianity
therefore they, as Christians, cannot support war. CLARENCE
FICKB is known to have mailed a form letter to the President in the nameare incompatible;
» of th:$POST WAR WORLD COUNCIL, the specific purpose of which was to urge ex-
tension to Japanese aliens of the right to a hearing before civilian boards
to attest their loyalty. One GEORGE KNOX*ROTH, a representative of the
92 AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, AMERICAN QUAKER GROUP, headquarters at
. opponent of Japanese evacuation from the west Coast, ' '
_ V u - - . -
' It is believed that
at present, in the vicinitios
Cruz, Veracruz. The boys are
' ' minor construction, while the554 East Qrsnge Grove Avenue, Pasadena, cslifornie, has also been an active
there are 19 members of the FRIENDS in Mexico
of Torreon, Coah., Durango, D;o., and Vera
occupied in such work as draining swamps and
girls are doing gratuitous recreational work
- for the_Mexican people, the purpose of which is the improvement of inter-
national_relstions between the United States and Mexico. In moat cases the
" boys have been granted permission by their draft boards to engage in this1 H work fbr 6 months. It is reported that many members of the FRIENDS are
engaged in similar free work among the migrating workers in the United States,
_.--_, ' ON 2 a use 1925
Q 92'.-W !E§: ;,-{if p:
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-e - '-.-:..-;.@~.~.-J..- BY cos us/92:NI6;92O§olc
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It is believed that the LEEERICAII FRIENDS SERVICE C0!-EHI'I'TEE is a
bona fide organization whose aims and principles, although presently at -
variance with the public war attitude, are sincere and wellpmeant. One of
the sub-committees of the FRIENDS on the west coast is the/§TUDENT RELOCA-
TIOH COHHETTEE, which is recognized by the WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY as the t
only 5T'Oi.iP allowed to canvass the Japeneee reception centers for students
to attend universities in the central and eastern states, and so aid in the
problem of rehabilitation, These altruistic programs, however, are fre- -
quently misused by undesirable elements, and it is for this reason that the
FRIENDS COMMITTEE is an organization whose activities should be followed,
As an example, a-recent list of 32 names of persons requesting permission
to visit Japanese camps for relocation purposes exposed four! as beingudesirable, Two !/E/these are potentially dangerous; they are:
nnv92+ G+JInsa'|'. Rsavllrnl -if I151 I P-bwuv g vs vwv, yin I-rev; Q 92.92-I-be--I I
a1ien.who is ole from custodial detention. '
SIGFRIED¢16H/¢IhIACYfWAHTRUP, Berkeley, California, native German'
tube pro-nazi, _ . _ - - p_92'T. ADYUTHTQAM uruuuiuuu
" _ The above list will indicate how unwanted individuals are attempt-
ing to become associated with the FRIENDS and to enjoy benefits of their
uusual activities ' "
. It is further believed that the FRIENDS, who in the main.are con-
scientious objectors, are being used as a refuge for draft evadere. Thework camps in Mexico age/believed to be particularly popular with such
people. One CLARENCE YOUHG, formerly at the Veracruz camp, and now in
Loo Angeles, has mentioned the progress being made in recruiting new members
to the FRIENDS attitude toward war. YOUNG is a conscientious objector
amaiting notification to proceed to the SAN DIHAS camp for'conscientious '
objectors. _ , ' e - . -
Distribution; -
111 hr. Off,, G-2, HDC&FA ' '
OHI,'11th, 12th, 13th N,D, p
1,0,, all posts, camps, stations HTO ' ,
FBI Field Offices, LA, SD, SF, SLC, '
Phoenix, Butte, Portland, Seattle
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
"'==*5=°*"='~"===** HUI-ITIEIJTOH, mm VIRGINIA "1-In
anion? MAM A1 DAT: wl-lul MAUI rnuou FOR lD'0Il"l' nun: IY
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A1£.'~lRIC.-92N mamas szavxcz c0;m_§r1:rs '
""°"5'5°" "*°"'*" All outstanding leads covered. Committee
n -t engaged in subversive activities-
? ...c..
-.- c~ *-i#P '*.$-' _RI~2F".Pr.1-.!_C.i: _ Report o Qpucm Agent dated '1 lb-42,
It 13'hlladelptu.a, Peamaylvuaia.
DETAII5: Fiavierr of the £11: of instant case discloses that all out-
standing leads have been cover-ad and that Subject. comitteo is not engaged in
~=smy subversive~-activities. _Accordin;;I.y, t-hia case is being closed.-
-CLOSE D-
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APPROVED CH H? 7 7 E W E 7 E iii W 77* iii WEE *7 if if i 7
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ICOPIII OI THIS REPORT
-- Bureau -
- Huntington
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hora is transmitted hcrerritil for your-
Ooxzsidorntian a ;.-I;oL:::;t.:-.*.ic cspjr of a ':,-.'>o1:J.a:t
o.'1t.itlcd "'='.'!s_7 '1?-.0! Crnnot Go to ;.::r" ta,-czmcr with
a p:s:>Lo:.-t.atic crpy oi a l»::xD.eL entitled A ;"ra;:er
to be Used by 'I!2a::¢: Of Draft. ='--39".
In this C:-nnection I ':.~1s:1'Lo advise that
th-: enclosed 1'1-..I31".'L2l can ._"n1bli::1".cd. jointly by the
n*..o-:e o:~;a:;izatic:~.s, ;:.:i n.i:. 23;:--5.1: has no information
ua tr. L1;-2 extent. of the distribution. -
M11 7-an ]~'1!:'_flY :1--Evise if the enclosed
material cu:.at.it.'.:L;.-s a vi-o1..==t.icn of any ix.-Liu:'al
St-'.tutu :.n=.i if any acticm is ;i-.".-;:ir92ad L-_r this Euzxzau
on me {92.'2.'='ls of t..';i;- r..>.:.cz-izal,
' Very truly yours,
John I-2:13:11 Hoover<-uiractor
92._' .| I
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In the last war there was a provision in the draft
law exempting from armed service only those indi-
viduals wlto belonged to certain religious sects. In
practice Woodrow Wilson extended exemption
from armed service to Pcnpic of other denomina-
tions and even to those who were opposed to war
on grounds other than religious.
The present conscription actvproviding for con-
scientious objectors is evidence of the characteris-
tic American deterrnin:1tion' to preserve individual
religious freedom. It is :1 traditional American be-
lief that a stable society can be built only it the
integrity of its members is maintained and devel-
oped. The interests of the state require that the
conscription law be administered so as to discover
those services which individual citizens arc, under
the dictate of their conscience, best tted to render
t0 their Country and fellow men. Thus tvili the
integrity of its citizens he maintained and their
loyalty to the state be enhanced and given its most
adequate expression.
43*'=*~ No.15! mt 1040
92
- ttr J
WHY THEY
CANNOT co
TO WAR . ..
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Publisltcd fa.-'i;:I_v by
AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE
' . Z0 South Twelfth Street
Philidclplth, P3.
W'0MEl92l'S lNTlIliNATlO§5:92L LE.»'tQUE
FOR PEACE AND FREEDODJ
1924 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pa.
I 1
-92-
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a
tious objector. The law states that nothi:
tained in this act shall be construed to reqii
person to be subject to combatant trainii
service. in the land. or naval forces oi the
States who, by reason of religious lrllllllllgl
lief, is conscientiously opposed to participa
war in any form." The law goes on to provit
Il'l l1l'tC3l1S by which the good faith of the co
tious objector shall be determined and to 1
that those of good faith be assigned to p
"work of national importance under civiliai
tion." A wise administration of this provi
the law can result in enriching the state
citizens; an unwise administration can on];
in bringing into direct and unnecessary
with the state those citizens who are seckin
in which they may reconcile love of God w:
of country.
The law applies to people of religious t
and belief. It deliberately avoids mention 0
bership in any church. Evidently the iutcn"
law is that conscience should not be lonked l
a monopoly of any church, or even of the
as a whole, but that it should be a matter I
viclual attitude. Many who come before th
boards will not have any church members
their opposition to war will stem back int
ligious training from their home, their sclti
other experiences. There will be another g
sincere, loyal citizens who are unable to ta
in war because they see its futility and its cc
waste. And there are those humanitarians 92
unable to take part in war on ethical and
grounds.
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realize that in time of war loyalty to God and loy-
alty to the state seem to come into direct conict.
However, the conscientious objectors are not op-
posed to serving the state in its constructive proc-
esses. They are eager to do that. Their opposition
is to war and conscription; they believe that war
itself is so great an evil that their loyalty to both
God and their country compels them to refrain
from participation in it. This they look upon as
one of the greatest services anyone can render to
the state.
The government must decide whether people who
conscientiously follow their conception of Chris-
tianity or other religious faiths are a detriment or
an asset to the state. 92'v'ill it prot the state to pun-
ish or l:ill those whose first loyalty is to .1 universal
God and a brotherhood of all ntanhittd, and who
seek to serve the state by t3 .l.tn .lit1!_,' these ideals?
Will the physical, mental and spiritual bre of the
conscientious objector be broken or toughened by
persecution? Conscientious objectors are willing
to serve their fellow men ioyally in difficult tasks
if they are permitted to do work which their con-
science docs not forbid. The state could wisely use
this 92villin;:_'ness to <tr92=. in ways which ~.-.-otrltl ad-
vance the well-being of the state and at the same
time that of the religious pacist.
The early Christian church remained pacist
for nearly ZOO years. Members of the Society of
Friends or Quakers rst testified to their rciusal to
resort to the war method almost three centuries
ago. Declarations oi_the some nature were made at
about that same time by two other groups, the
Mennonites and the Church of the Brethren.
t
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The Quakers, for example, in 1660 stati
objections in the following words to Cha
King of England:
92Ve utterly-deny all outward wars ar
strife, and ghtings and outward weapon
for any end. or under any pretence who
ever: this is our testimony to the who
world. _The Spirit Of Christ by wlticii 92»92
Ire guided, is not changeable, so as t
command us from a thing of evil an
again to move us into it; and we certain]
lcnow, and testify to the world, that tl
Spirit of Christ, which leads us unto a
truth, will never rnove us to ght and w:
against any man with outward weapon
neither ior the Kingdom of Christ, no
for the kingdom of this world . . . There
fore. we cannot learn war any more."
Other religious faiths and organizatior
high moral or spiritual purposes have rcc'r.
that war is not an acceptable method by n-
seek to obtain the high ideals of man. In pa
in which our country has been involved,
known number of conscientious objector.
come from such faiths and organizations
pacists oi the world have long advocated :
and program of international and interrac
operation in political, economic and other
whieh,har.l it been followed, would have prc
much of the strife now dcstrciying mankind
Great Britain passed its conscription law
time it declared war. The law rnaiccs libcr.
visions for conscientious objectors. Its pro"
are not limited to objection based on religion:
ing or belief. It provides for complete excl
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for the individual who cannot accept compulsory
service of any kind under the state. Something of
the spirit of British liberaiisrn toward the conscien-
tious objeetor appears in the Ilfmtclicstcr Gtmrdian
_0f August 23, 19-l0 page 118!, published in Lon-
don in the midst of the life and death struggle
going on there. , ,
"The Archbishop of York Dr. Temple! writes
in the York Diocesan leaflet:
Several public bodies have lately passed
resolutions terminating the ernp'oyment of
arfy persons worl-ting for them who have
pleaded conscientious objection to mili-
tary service.
I regard this as utterly deplorable and in
the deepest sense unpatriotic. We are
ghting for freedom, including freedom
of conscience as its most vital and sensi-
tive clement. The State has recognized the
reality of conscientious objection to mili-
tary service, and it is part oi our glory
- that t: does this.
There is excellent reason for saying that
if a man is called up and refuses to serve
he shall be put at Once in the some tin:m-
cial position as if lte were serving in the
forces. He ought not to gam nancially
by his refusal to serve. But lo deprive him
of employment is to frustrate the action
of the State and destroy our most eective
witness to our own cause"
Under the oetecttve bervtce training Act signed
by the President of the United States on September
16, 1940, provision has been made for the conscien-
s,
v
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92
The existence of American citizens who cant".
participate in any form of war is recognized by t
Selective Service Training Act. A wide-spre
understanding of why such indiviclu.-tls exist ant
knowledge of their background is essential to t
luccessful carrying out of this legislation.
Far back through the centuries there have be
those who have found themselves unable to ta
the lives of their fellow men either in order to ft
ward their own advantage or at the command
any external authority. Prominent among thi
motives have been religious concepts, based on
awareness of God and an acceptance of the broth-
hood of man. To Christians, Jesus Christ has
terpreted a way of life based on love of God a
man, and the idea of overcoming evil with got
In the light of his awareness of God and his hi
sense of loyalty to Jesus. the Christian paci:
forms a judgment as to whether war is a pro]
and effective instrument for man to use in gaini
his ends. His judgment is that it is not. This jut
ment is shared by most of mankind up to tltc ti
when, gripped by fear or-hatred or greed, they e
brace the war method. The pacist maintains th-
beliefs even in the face of war. threatened agr
sion or other evils.
not is the pacist unwiiiing to pay for he @-
victions. Although in the past they have been ct
demned to prison and some to death, like the lc
line of religious martyrs, they l'tave willingly
dared punishment for their deep belief. Tl
' tn the United States, luring the last 92'92"orlt1 9292'ar, 17 92
cnntlentrted to tleillt. I-$2 to ll'e irnprisonmcttt and rn.-tny oi
tn terms trom 5 to 25 years. These sentences were -til Cuntml
alter the war. ,
1 , -
92 /I !
u¢---QQ.---.___ __,-_-,...__.,, _ _ , ._.-y--_._-__-... -. -. -_. _i.. . . .--_.._-. _
4 z=:-mY;1f=. fro B3 Ussn B}'WTl!*3SE'O§j;_§1?1.AI~1T_AGE.
My Heavenly Father, give me, I pray Thee. the courage to refuse
to kill my Fellow Man. _ -
Help me to realize that war accomplishes nothing constructive even
when it is fought for a righteous cause.
Hake me willing to serve'my country. not only for a year, but all
my life in any way that will not destroy or injure any other humanbeing. '
Help me to remember that those whom I may learn to kill and be urged
to kill; in any other nation, are as dear to those who love them. as
my family and I are to Pach other. Help mo to conquer the forces of
aggression. wherever they are, by following such men as Jesus who
overcame Evil with Good.
Amen.
92
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Illtbllumv '
lIIl¢A'|'ruantv¢¢nnuu.- .nun to-+-~'77--- ' DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C,
/'92
- Sopteinber 14, 1942
i£E!.!ORAN'DUL! FOR THE DIREC'10R_
» _1lEDER;;L eprmu OF nwnsmzcmzoxgfq * "*" " **
Rea ""A:.1eric.an Friends. Service
Gomittee
Wbmen's International
3. League for Peace and
Freedom . _ V -
_eyuuuunug;Ii&MHll _
B 1942 . Ibur memorandum cf Septéhber , ,
together with photostatic copies of a booklet
entitled "Why They Cannot Go to Whr".cnd a leaflet
entitled "A Prayer to be used by Those of Draft
156", has been received,
Prosecutien under the sedition statutes
is not warranted on the basic of the contents of _
- such booklet and leaflet. The Criminal Division
does nqt desire further action in this matter, J
' . _ II I -Respectfully,
-
0 ¢
1.¢Bt'a'nt Att°1"n9J Genera],
I
IFQPJFICTORYI
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Midst of War
O Statement by the Executive Committee _ of the Fellovirship of Reconciliation
-_ following Declaration of a State of Wat
between the United States and japan
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_ THE FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION
' 2929 Broadway -
New York, New York
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s'nu._..r1-zur BY me 'execu'nvrz CO_MM!'1'!'E§
' .nzu.owsmP or RECONCILIATION '
December 9, 194i _
THE FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION was born ir
- war-time. It began in _England in 1914 and was ex-
tended to the United States in 1915, as a movement of Chris-
protest against war and of faith in a better way than vio
lence for the solution of all conict. Today it has over twenty-
ve thousand members in countries encircling the globe.
The fact that our own beloved country has now again beer
openly and fully drawn into war does not alter our oppositior
to all war or our refusal, in so far as we are free to determine
our own murseto take any part in war measures. We remain.
as our Statement of Purpose has these many. years declared,
a group of men and women of many nations and races whc
recognize the unity of the world-wide human family and wish
to explore the possibilities of love for discovering truth, dis-
pelling antagonisms, and reconciling people, despite all differ-
ences, _in a friendly society." -
I
_ -V J This War
EL _'_! V. _| - .-- .. _anouceo as We are my tne manner ll! WhICh the ]apanese-
American conict was precipitated, and conscious of the gravity
and complexity of the problems confronting our government,
w__e nevertheless dgugot_accept_thetoo_common notion that the
s9_le_ guilt for this war rests upon japan. The guilt rests also
upon the United States and other nations. The invasion of
Asia and the subjugation of its peoples by western Powers, in-
_ dueling ourselves; the insistence of these nations on keeping
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their a...ied_ forces in the Orient in order to maintain their
control over strategic raw materials; their tariff policies; our
Oriental Exclusion Act branding the Japanese as an inferior
people and our stubborn refusal to initiate a policy of-reconeili-'
ation in the Pacific by the repeal of this Act; our devious COl.llSL
in recent years of selling war materials to japan and at the same
time making loans to China--these and similar policies were
factors in bringing the japanese military clique into power and
bringing the present awful tragedy upon the peoples of japan,
America, and other lands. Repentance on the part of all nations
is, we believe, th_e supreme needlof this hour.
. We have no condence that this war will help to advance or
conserve our democracy or international security. It will pust-
pone rather than promote the building of an orderly and decent
world. Indeed, with the entry of the United States into the war
it becomes .1 veritable world war on a hitherto unprecedented
scale, a war which threatens to drag on indenitely and to en-
gulf all peoples in nameless disaster. There are already alarm-
ing indications that even if at not too di'stant a date one side or
the other wins a fairly decisive victory, it will impose a terrible
revenge upon the vanciuished on the,plea of forever stripping
them of the power to do harm and that in the name of "peace"
and a "New Order" the victors will attempt to establish a
world-embracing military tyranny. y
Even if we could anticipate better results from the waging
of war, it would be impossible for us in good conscience to par-
ticipate in it, for to us all war involves, as the Oxford litu-
menical Conference declared, "compulsory enmity, diabolical
outrage against human personality, and a wanton distortion of
truth. War is .1 particular demonstration of the power of sin
in the world and .1 defiance of the righteousness of ind as
revealed in jesus Christ and Him Crucied. l
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- _ r" Fidelity to Our Gospel
The "better way" of non-violence and reconciliation is to us
a religion and a gospel. The burden of preaching and living
that gospel and of seeking to win m n to an inner commitment
to it is upon its in time of war as in time of peace. We cannot
reccignize the moral right of any man or human institution to
silence the preaching of this our faith which is rooted in the
great Iewish-Christian prophetic tradition.
In bearing witness to our faith in love and reconciliation,
and expressing opposition to the method of_ war, it is not likely
that our members will always lollow the same course or agree
completely in their analysis of events. As our Statement of
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work out the purposes to which they are committed in their
own ways. All of us, however, regard respect for the conscience
- of the individual as basic to our faith. As in the case of the
g . ' _ conscientious objectors under Sch.-ctive Service, therefore, wei . ' will give our prayers, affection, and full support to our members
as in concrete situations they seek to obey the leading of the
Spirit as it is given them in prayer, corporate and personal. -
P ,
Nor Obstruction
- 92Ve recognize. also, _the sincere depth of conviction of many
: who feel that war preparation and war under present circum-
stances are it1e92'it.1lJlc and necessary. We realize the sacrices
they may be called upon to make and the suering they
have to endure. Their grief will be our grief. We pray thatmay
- God may bless them and that His Spirit may guide them and mi
into all truth. 92Yith those of them who are members of the
Christian Church we long to maintain "the full fellowship of
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conscience as we must follow ours. - - _ r
Though we would that all menrniglrt come to a con:
tious renunciation of war and might enter into that spirit "w
taigeth away the occasionof all war," wedisclaim any pu
to sabotage or obstruct the war measures of our govern
or-any officials, soldiers, or citizens, in the performance of
they regard as their patriotic dutylw "' i ii "N: "
. our Task; V-re . _-V e.
Grateful as we are today for the establishment of the Fe
ship of Reconciliation during the last Will. and fol 515 W5
and its work through all the years, we must in this solemn
"confess that we have often not been willing to pay the
price of_ being effective "peace-makers." Therefore we
new:
1. Deepen our own spiritual life and improve our i
lectual equipment by a more severe discipline in prayer
work, in personal relationships, in the cultivation of hum
In the great words of jacques Maritain, we must "purifi
springs of history which are within ourselves" and en
in "that secret labor" of penitence, meditation, and pr:
by which those of a little faith raise, rst of all in ti
selves, the level of mankind's spiritual energy." 7
'2. Build and hold together our iocal groups and pa.
teams. In them the Fellowship can and will live on what
betide. Deliberate etiorts must be made to keep up thrc
personal contact or correspondence the fellowship with
lated pacists. _
3. Make it possible by gifts and work and prayer to
1 tinue the work of our national and regional ofces and
eld workers. ' "
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4; ailitly sustain the work of the International F.D.R.
so that throughout all lands we still may be welded together
in those "little fellowships of the holy imagination which
keep alive in men sensitivity to moral issues" and to human
- need, and faith in the Eternal. _. . I .- ~ '
-S. Organize maximum support for non-partisan relief
work such Ls that of the Society of Friends for refugees,
prisoners of war, etcetera, and of the F O R 's Feed Euro . . . pe. Fund. In this connection many members and groups have
adopted the practice of a fast or simplied meal at least once
each week as one small way to enter into the sutierin oiBtheir fellows. Whether by this or other means, all of us are
moved to explore ways of simplifying our living and to give
more sacricially to human need. -
6. Work for the maintenance, nationally and in our local
communities, of civil liberties, the right of labor to organize
and of pacist ministers to preach, complete freedom of wor-
ship, and for keeping open the channets of discussion regard-
ing all public issues except those which are in the strict sense
military secrets.
7. Labor to strengthen the foundations of American dem-
ocracy by seeking to discourage and prevent all forms of war
proteering and to put an end to all unbrotherly economic
arrangements under which many are in want and others have
disproportionate wealth to their own souls hurt. '
8. Inquire into the bases for a just and durable peace and
urge increasing and determined effort for peace by reason
and conciliation instead of by the arbitrament of war. In this
connection we continue to advocate the Eight -Way: of Build-
ing Peace recommended by our Conference at Lakeside last
September. _ _ -_
9._ Continue our training in the spirit and methods of
non-violence in Combatting discrimination and injustice
against individuals and groups and achieving a just and
humane social order. -
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1-...- Contribute prayer, money, and moral support. as they
may be needed, to all conscientious objectors, the C.P._S.
carngs, and pacists who may suer privation or Persecution
for conscience: sake. -
11. Extend and intensify our worlc as individuals and
groups for human betterment and reconciliation in the corrr
munity. Ir: war-time pacitists more than es-er be work-
ers and practical friendseatnd not mere talkers, in every
community and church. . -
Qmplicaterl and deiicate problems vviil icteisirtgly arise
for pacists as they seek to maintain a clear witness against
war and to dissociate themselves from war activities and at
the same time demonstrate theiryreadiness to serve human
need at cost to themscives. No cut and dried, universally
applicable formulas can beiworlred out for such problems.
The Divine Spirit will guide individuals and groups in nd-
ing the way to express the spirit of truth and reconciliation
in concrete situations. .There are certain basic attitudes on
which there would doubtless be general agreement: .
a! We desire to keep out of organizations and activi-
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needs and to develop war psychology.
b!- If we refrain from participating in training for
certain forms of "defense" against air raids, for example!
Because the attempt is macle to conscript us for them, or
because the organizations involved appear to be essentially
part of the war-machine or because the chief object seems
.to be encouraging a war morale rather than meeting an
i_m_mir92.er1t human need, we must recognize that we have
a responsibility for acquiring training in rst aid, etcetera,
under other auspices, so that in case of catastrophes we
may be in a position to perform skilled voluntary services,
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such as "absolutist" C.O.s in England have done in
cities through their Pacist Service Units. _
.' c! S0 far as possible we shall strive to give our money
to causes which must depend largely or exclusively upon
pacists for their maintenance. such as C.P._S. camps, fami-
V _ lies in distress because of pacist convictions, etcetera,
"and we shall strive to get our fellow-citizens to regard this
- as legitimate "alternative service." -
d! We shall seek out such social agencies as are likely
to be neglected in war-time and individuals and groups
neglected and discriminated against by others as a result
of war-hysteria or mere pre-occupation with other things.
This would include interned Japanese, Germans, Italians,
and other war-sufferers in this country. There is very high
authority for service to "the least of these" impoverished,
sick, or in prison. ._ .
Trusting in God, we meet this hour without dismay. "God
hath not given us a spirit of fearfulnéss, but of power and love
and discipline." We know that "they that wait for the Lord
shall renew their strength." Despite the human foolishness
and sin which mark us all and which have sundered us into
warring nations, we are all children of the one Father who is
eternal God and whose name is Love. I-_lis Kingdom will come
and His will be done on earth as it is in heaven. -
The Annual Conference which met at 1-is-.-erford in &ptem=
ber,'1939, as the war broke in Europe, ended its message with
these words: '"Firm in our faith in the way of peace and in the
God of Love, and remembering in gratitude and affection those
who bore witness to this Fellowship faith in the last War, we
dedicate ourselves now to the daily practice of this faith in
repentance, humility, love, and joy." This declaration we re-
arm today and commend to all the members of opr far-Bung
Fellowship of Reconciliation.
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92Subject. Letter 01' 'ira..s.nittaJ,,
tion and S;-16h action as yen consider advisable.
. " I¢=' . ' '/Sn QLLLK/JJL59 J . . . BISSELL "
coiénel, General smrr,
Asst. Biecutive Officer, ll. I. S.
Enclosures0: Lt. Col. J. I31;-er Hoover
Feclcral Burc-.2". 01" Investigation
'Depa.rt:aent of .1-uutice.13 . _ _y : -_. L
- The attmzhed cum-munications are forwarded for your in.forme- -
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' - I " Office of Headquarters n_ 'u° or Sm F".n°1 ',°'
é - ._._ . = ' ' P1 ""Ce; - cm! '0/I 7" August z1,9§§?!.- é
* - ' p - ' 0' . i . - Date!
gubjgbtg '.'..-IERICILB SERVICE COLJ.lIT'1EE-.. ' - ;
I Cumnnry of Information: ' '
1. Reference ie made to Summary of Information, this office, subject" T
. '> - ll 8.12076; file cm! 'za9o e-29-42!, dated July e, 1942..
2» .Admin.ietre.tion of twenty-two CIVILIAN PUBLIC SERVICE Camp: for
Conscientious Objeotore throughout the nation has been placed in the hands
-'01 the so-celled Fence Churches" -- BRETEEIRH, LELIINUNITES, and QUAKERS -
by the provisions of the Selective Service Act. Each of these three ;
. -ienominatione eet up a conunittee with e national director or executive"J/;ecretery. _ Closely-associated vi -'1 the three Service Committees are the
FBI/J;J3III: OF RIICUIICILIATIOII, Tl".§/"§OL2.1IS1'§IOi! 0!! LL13?! AIID PRISOIEIIRS OF EAR,
1'I§ COl-5 ;,1'1EE OH NATIOML SECURIL1 MID F'1.IRPIAY, HIE .2'IU'uE1l'lI HEIOOMTIOII COLEZITTE
enri the."2I}ISTI'1'U'1'E OF INTI-RHATIOILAL RELATIOEZS, all of which have representatives
- en the iaoifio Coast who have been active in assisting conscientious objectors-
, 8. Representatives of the STUIJEMT RELOCQHOIMI CO1-HITTEB have been visit-
ing evacuated Japanese in the assembly and relocation centers for the purpose
oi enrolling Japanese students in Universities and College! located in the
central and eaetern States as a rehabilitation project. A . '
. 4. Z '1'he FELLOUSIIIP OF RECONCILIATION with offices adjacent to the FRILNDS
CIIURCH in Berkeley, California, has departed from the iie1d.oi' assisting con-
- eeientioue objectors by publicly criticizing the Japanese evacuation §'.>1'C{T2'e'm
and the iaci1itiee provided by the war Relocation Authoz-ity._ A pamphlet pub-
liehed by this OI'g0-X1159-tin on December 9, 1941, entitlecL/':'7lir Way in the man
of War", contains the fellmiing statement: ' - o
' "' "Shocked as we are by the manner in which the Japanese-American -
con.fliot_1rae precipitated and conscious of the gravity and complexity
" _' ,_- confronting our Government, we nevertheless do not accept the too
Pravoue Distribution: O _ . __bii~___.>;,;". _ dlj - '
_ ' - 01*- AGE . ._ - "' " ' '§92}-DEB $11 _ Evaluation _- Dietributibm ' B£;]5§§>'" _of source __of information_ 111$. G-2, bx, !,o?5;¬&~-< " ___j___nb11bb1e ____f__________- FBI-SF _ ! " Credible-
9ITI,12thHD ! -- Questionable
F . I - ' __;_'O1-xdetermineci ___i___lfh.-.. " 1 JO ma['nSUPz{,_'; ,- _- _/r_; TI - I, mi z I '
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ccsmon notion that the sole guilt of this var rests "
upon Japan. The guilt rests also upon the United
. States and other nations". .
92 .
- 5. ALLEN H-JBARR, executive secretary of the RORTIIERH CALIFORNIA _ '
SERVICE BONRD FOR COIISCIEHTIOUS OUJEGTOHS, has headquarters with the FELLOW-
SHIP OF RHCUHCILIATIOH in Berkeley." BaRR's name also appears on the letter-
head of the INSTITUTE OF I}|T.ERIU92I"- HAL RELATIONS. Associated With BARR is an
sggressive individual eased CAI;-'.!!jI92__QQTE, she is 'l:.he author of several pas-.2
phlets published jointly by the anove mentioned Pacifist organizations.
Ehile BARR and FOOTE share offices and work together in assisting conscientious
objectors, the former does not support I-0OiE's attitude towards the Japanese
and when ROUTE advised the confidential informant of this office that "the
Japanese are ;-,ettin-- a raw deal, and I am tr;rin;:_ to help them", lir. BARR
took pains to explain that Hr. FOOTE was speaking for himself and not for
the FELLU-JS.lIP Oi Hi-ICUIJCILIATIUII or the SHZVICE BOARD FDR CO2-£SCII."1I¬'1'IOUS
OBJEC1'OI.S. Similarity in style between P00'I'E's signed. pamphlets and the
uasigned booklet pebli shed by the l_!!_1H_1E292_DQ GQLJEZGIL 01- GL"J2£QLE3§, entitled
"'1'he|Japa.nese in Our Lidst", which was the subject of a special report to
HIS, G-:2, iiar Departnent, July 18, 1942, indicates that CALEB FOOTE may
have been the author of pro~Japanese propaganda published in Denver.
FOOTE speaks as he writes, in an outspoken manner which is not wholly
eonsistent with his paoifistie views.
l .6. FR. FRANK HERRON SMITH of Berkeley, California, is president of
the PR0'I'13STAII'i' COLLISSIOH FUR JAPAIIESE SERVICE, an organization closely
lllied with the COLEJISSIOH OH ALIENS AND PRISON!-I15 OF i":'£-lie £119 PRQlLSlA_l-51
C013.-IISSIUII FOR JAPAN;-.SE SERVICE includes representatives from all Protestant
Churches on the Paoifio Coast. Attention is invited to a special report to
HIS, G-2, War Deparinent, Au,-_;ust 15, 1942, subject "Church Interest in
Japanese Evacuees", in which DR. Sie1iI.i§Y I-.5-3.1STROHG HUNTER, Presbyterian '
member of the Committee, stated to a confidential informant of this office -
that "The Churches are striving to brim" about the release of those American-
borniJaps.nese new in concentration can-.ps'." It is noted that I-Ere. STANLEY
A. HUNTER is a member of the Board. of Directors of the liORThL. RlI CALIFORNIA
SERVICE BOARD FUR OOIISGIISHTIOUS OBJLCTOHB of which ALLEN He tl-RR is ex-
ecutive secretary, __ __ _ _ p UV ~ 7 __ ___ E _p__ p
4 Incls. B.T.P.
1. Pamphlet "ier Hay in tho llidst of War." i_ ;- e e. _ .
2. Pamphlet/!' are we Forpgotten Justice:
5- -Service Boa d letter. ' ' H-Q. cePeSePrO5I:1'g,_! _ _ -.-921L';i;-_,_=e'*"";7 ! _ _p 7 pp ; _ §;ea@P1g~§H §Y_;;e Pea 7 I _. ' ' "pE£D3?»sB§.* W " l
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IF Army plans materialize, before this article is in print
tt2.ooo persons, a majority of whom ar: American
51319118. will have been evacuated from their homes on the
West. Coast! _ - -
Obviously this compulsory evacuation of those whose
only crime is their japanese ancestry is a agrant riol.ttion
-of the itli and 1-tth Amendments to the Constitution, and
so 3 perversion of democracy itself. Ohviously, too, it
denies the Christian doctrine of the sttpr -me worth of ihe
individual. It is creating untold human sutlering. both
physical and psychological, and it is a serious hlow at inter-
racial understanding and Japanese assimilation into Amer-
ican life. - -
Even more serious than these, however, is the fact that
the evacuation heaps fuel on _tl'1t: res of racial distrust,
and lends authenticity to _Iapan's claims that this is a racial
war. By putting r_nany of our native-born ritize.-tr into
"assembly" and "reception" centers--which, allowing for
some differences, are virtually concentration campspurely
because of their race, our Government has aped the totali-
tarianism it is supposedly ghting. The peace that will
follow the war is being made during the war and this treat-
ment of innocent persons will notfacilitate the creation of
the state of mind necessary for gaining a good peace. -
i Background of Race Hatred '
The background of what Life calls a "great and unprece-
dented rnigration" has been a vicious campaign of race
hatred conducted in the Pacic Coast states. The anti-
japanese feeling that gave rise to it goes back forty years
to a time when japanese immigration into California was
at its height. At rst, these immigrants had been en-
couraged to come. They furnished cheap labor, and so
'were useful in breaking strikes and for tield work. But
these very "at_lvantages" caused labor and small farming
groups to resent their competition bitterly, and as time went
on and the new racial group became more Americanized
and acquired some economic power, the big economic
groups who rst welcomed them joined in opposing them.
They were charged with destroying our standard of living,
bringing in disease, being on-American and anti-Cliristian,
311'-l ll-lngering Our control by their own high birth-rate.
A" nr ll-tie rnertllml in ll92g_I " :rIntlr92n92;_~r1'e Anl'l92'92CI'l!_"---- w. 92.-.-.- .-..-~--U. an an 92.--.--92--,-H --4 rug,-n----H --r
restricting cmij;r_.ttion from japan, a series of land laws
preventing japancsc aliens from owning or renting land,
and'the pass.t_t;c of the Exclusion Act in I02-I. It is this
latent race prciudice that has hcen whipped up anew since
Pearl Harl-tor. Newspapers antl politicians who jusf lwcfnre
the war commented on the "loyalty of the great majority"
of t92"r'rei_r and i'J.tr'i.r,' led the parade of intulc-rance a
month or two later. The city of Los-Angelcs red all of
its American-horn ]ap:tnese employees, and other cities
fellows-.l its lead. The State !ersonnc! B-:t.tr-.1 tliscritninated
'l |r-||r't'-' [tr-In l"-""'=92"?r;f 3|-I l *-'_ Have We Forgotten vustice?
j . 1 - * r ts; carats roorrst _ j g
against citizen as welt as alien japansast -{ml li°_,'92"f '
ican Legion, County Boards of SupC1'92'l-92'Ql'-"- - ill-Pin" lion
grcssmgn gnrl other-5, joined newspaper editor:-.tl_wrtte_rs
_and columnists in urging complete e92'a¢u-ltwl1- 11-"7 1"
January, job discrimination against aliens had become so
5¢92-grg {lug Pfgsjrlgnl RODS-C92'Cll .lllCt.l lllt! Ol l1OI'l'C$i I
and loyal people who, except for accident ot hirth, are sin-
cerely patriotic" as "playing into the hands of the enemies
of American democracy.
Meanwhile, anti-Japanese rumors and stories ran rife,
purporzing that "every jap is a damned jap," that they
were poisoning vegetables and engaging in_sit-down s'tri|vit-at ,
{Ital lhcrg hail been muigh 5:tl!Ot:tg¬ ll! H.t92A'.1ii, lllili all tllt!
Japanese in California were part of a well-organized lillll
column. There is every reason to lJL'llC92'.C that persons or
groups who hoped to gain from the evacu.ttion had a major
part in stirring up these irrational forces of racial prejudice.
Big land-holding groups, laundries, and plant nurseries,
who felt the competition of the japancse, had a stake in
the "internment,'T as did those who hoped to gain cheapi
forced labor.
The defeats in the Far East, the shelling of an oil eld
rulnr §.anf:l H:|rl's:|r_ nntl the §||t92t$O§Cll air [Jill QYEI LO! 1 ---.-- --..--. -------, - - - - - - - --1-I l --_--
Angeles, had much to do with a rise in anti-japanese feel-
ing that just preceded the evacuation order. Against this
pressure were arrayed the efforts of the japanese com-
munity to prove its loyalty, evidenced in the vigorous pa-
triotism of the japanese-American Citizens League and
heavy japanese contributions to the Red Cross. U5-O»
Defense Bonds, etc. Some white groups made a notable
eliort to calm public opinion, and during the rst two and
one half months of war the Federal Government kept the
hysteria somewhat within hounds. . ' g l ,
On February 19, a. sweeping proclamation by the Presi-
dent gave the War Department the power "to prescribe
military areas from which any or all persons may be eit-
cluded." On March 3,-General De9292'/itt issued the rst of
is sweeping series of proclamations resulting in curfews.-
travel bans, and evacuation from an extensive area reach-
ing well inland from the Pacic Coast. In most of these
actions, japancse-American rirfzt-.-:1 were considered more
dangerous than German or Italian aliens! ' *-
The "Need" for livacuation .
Explanations for the military necessity of the evacua-
tion have assumed that sabotage was committed, that the
_j.1p.tnc-se as a racial group were a potential fifth column,
or that the evacuation was necessary for the protection of
the j.tp.|nese themsclvei. -
Not until late in March were the widespread rumors
of japanese sabotage at Pearl Harbor disproved hy the_
s-taletnent of the Honolulu Chief of Police, conlirtnetl frutn
other sources, that "there were no acts of s.il92ot.t_-__-e coin-
mitted in the city and County of Honolulu on llcvrriif .-r 7,"" ' "" " "' ---~- -'T"*'?i*:lH"iHY *'9}-;'llil'§92:l'-l-§ielQ'lll":l'i§3ill'i§*-rilllli1-Kliiilru-ilil'.Uil.'il.dll
4;;-,.__ _-.,-, ,.,.,-,,,- H-,1--.-_-t ~; _ -- - ..,_ ,92.:~-- - .0. 70; 2....--s_.-.r._at_... ..._ in an - .._.._....-._,_._ c. 92_ _
t
l
.o. - -I. ' '
l_J _i
had meets to the facts, is one of the strongest indictments
rif the Government. Likewise, no proved case of sabotage
by a Japanese on the Pacic Coast, on or since December 7,
has come to public attention. These facts still have not
been sulhciently publicized, and unfounded rumors con-
tinue to circulate. _
.Undoubtedly some of the alien Japanese and perhaps _a
few of the citizens are disloyal; these persons, presumably,
are among those taken into custody by the F.B.l. On
the et!':er hand, it should be pointed out that most Japa-
nese aliens are not aliens by,c.hoice, but have not been per-
mitted to become American citizens. There is absolutely no
evidence to support the rumors that the Japanese, irr 4 racial
group, were either disloyal or an organized fth column.
Certainly many of them live near delerse plants, and vital
111150", lllghwlyii railways and power lines, but so do
millions of Americans, regardless of race, and to deduce
- disloyalty from'th1s is absurd.
_ That the Japanese on the West Coast have been in
danger because of their race since December 7, is acknowl-
edged, and from that fact many believe that, however
tragic it may be, the evacuation has been necessary for the
protection of the Japanese themselves. Some murders, sup-
posedly by Filipinos, naturally created great fear among
the Japanese but, since the rst of the year, the number
of these incidents has dropped off, and steps were taken
to protect the Japanese in a wiy they should be protectcd-
by increasing local police and F.B.I. aid. Evacuation
amounts to compulsory protective arrest, which sets a dan-
gerous precedent in dealing with-racial minorities and, in
the long run, greatly adds to the problem of_the protection
of this particular minority. Meanwhile, the social, psycho-
logical and human damage caused by the Government's
_policy is immensely more tragic than were the compara-
tively few cases of violence. - -
'_ The economic loss to the Japanese and the Japanese-
Americans has been tremendous. The estimated wealth of
the group, $500,000,000, has diminished greatly, possibly
by as much as 75 or even 90 per cent, The loss oi business,
agricultural and professional positions, gained by slow
and patient effort, means that the job of normal living in
American communities once again has to be started almost
from scratch. ' ' .
- Moreover, the eflects upon our whole economy will be
pronounced. The 23 per cent of the evacuees who are in
agriculture produced 40 per cent of. California's truck
crops, and in Los Angeles County, where 25,600 of the
county's 40,000 acres of producing farm land are affected,
white replacements can be found to take over only a frac-
tion of the land. ln other fields, 5,000 gardeners in greater
Los Angeles and many. nursery men and lloriculturalists
are irreplaceable; fish fanciers will miss the Nippon Gold-
sh Company, largest in the West; bacteriological research
will miss the vital ogre produced by a skilled young Nirr-i,-
school boards will have 20,000 fewer elementary pupils
to plan for. J - _
Sonic of the loss to the Japanese is directly attributable
to protcering, where expensive electric refrigerators, ra-
dios, etc., went. ior a song; more oi it is due to the major
unemployment and n.|nci.il problem lliat has struck them. 1 J!
Civil liberties have sullered a h_eavy blow, too, for," as
the American Civil Liberties Union recently pointed out,
this action undermines the very basis of constitutional gov-
emment and means that the Bill of Rights is not applicable
in any area declared military by the Government. The
equal protection of the Government has been denied these
people who should have equal rights for participation in
community life, due process of law, and so on. '
Suerin g in Inrem_.rrrent
Psychological and physical suffering rs the inevitable ac-
companiment of life in whatis essentially a concentration
camp. Some of the evacuees, particularly the idealistic
Nirrir, are resolved to make the most of this hardship, and
are going through with it in a spirit of love and a deter-
mination to train themselves and others for a better future.
But tor more of the Niseis, the eflect of having their prop-
erty destroyed, their hopes for the future dashed, and
chances for normal living ended is one of at least partial
disintegration of personality. There is a fear that they will
be moved out into the desert and left there for many years,
forgotten by white Americans, and the moral problem that
has arisen in most of the camps is an indication of the psy-
chological frustrations that exist.
Living conditions are very crowded, with rooms twenty
by twenty-ve feet intended to accommodate ten people.
Eating is communal, and privacy will be a thing almost un-
known. A Nisei girl, commenting on the unpleasant
climate at Manzanar, describes the dust that covers every-
thing, the extreme heatthat makes her dread the summer,
and the lack of anything creative to do. First-handreports
of visitors to the camps and the Nireir who are in them
do not bear out the romanticised stories that have appeared
in the press, and emphasize the great suffering that results
when so many persons are detained on the desert in close
quarters. -
Racial understanding has been dealt a severe blow, for
increased segregation of the Japanese, with corresponding
lac!-: of assimilation into the American commonity, is a
feature of the plan. Where whites were coming into con-
tact with the Japanese, they were losing -some of their
prejudice, and these contacts are now cut ofl. For the
Nirr.-' it means being thrown back into a racial conscious-
ness which he considers secondary to American citizenship,
while the white American sees all Japanese lumped to-
gether as disloyal and tends toyregard them as inferior
as a group. .
Racial intolerance is increased and its solution postponed
t-y the evacuation. ln the immediate future theyresettle
rnent authoriticsyof the Government will be under great
pressure to release some of the Japanese to do work in the
elds as labor gangs, or to participate in other anti-social
ventures. Some of the Rocky" Mountain and Middle West-
ern stales already are_t,1l-ring action to prevent any perma-
nent resettlement of the Japanese within their boudric.
and there is every reason to believe that resettlement will
become more and more tlilhcult as time goes on. Rt-prev
sentative Rankin, of Mississippi, urges that thee. unfor-
tunate-s he kept in detention lor the dtiration and liicri la.-
slripped hack to Japan, while other rr.'.rr.lion.|ric-.s arr: advo-
_15 3__r,1ri,1] gmur! __92imr_'_ l!|',CC1Il.ll '[__ ],,_an-l,_1n,_tl-92r~___lr92eq-e___,,,____,r;,-iiinii -1 m-ie|i|v.ii~921L__Amnmlm-.-i, |._i..l..- r-..... .1... .
ll.W9 __ .. __' _t - , . _""".=~ -~ 1 e 1 4'-IIIeni Inn-nun-nn_n-auirrr-a-1-I-ar-ai-| 41-u'n-i 1 1 _
-,a
' ' ' ' The Challenge to Help
A few of these evacuees are pacists; a great many of
them are Christian cornmunicants; still more are American
citizens; all are human beings needing our love and help
and friendship. So, whether we call ourselves paciiists or
Christian or_American' or hurnanitarian, the evacuation
presents a tremendous challenge. So far, most of the at-
tempts to help have been alleviatory in nature. Some have
helped in evacuation" problems, such as moving, the stor-
age of goods, _ renting houses, and protection against
proteers. At least two religious groups set up hostels to
which early evacuees could go, and there have been other
indications of the expression of love towardthese people,
the importance of which cannot be overstated. Neverthe-
.less, this is not enough, for more than alleviation of im-
vsorne Nirei groups .plannin g for future cooperative settle-
ments, and white students trying to help evacuated students
become relocated in other areas. ~ i
The sharp distinction between aiding the processes of
evacuation and detention and helping those individuals who
need love and assistance must be maintained, for the evac-
uation and continued detention of these people is wrong
and as such should be consistently opposed. The Govern-
ment should not have yielded to the pressure for evacua-
tion, and should now change _its policy with a view to ar-
ranging immediately for fair public hearings for all now in
l92n a--manna 92YI'|-ins-Q -an rnn»---o- pullnnrn at - Ila 410:1-.-ues ynauraa wanna; "U 92.92nu.a92.|.92, gvauualgu U5 61,11 :Ju;a;,
citizens should be given unconditional release, and the
aliens treated as are other enemy aliens, not as a racial
minority." The present policy, looking-toward the release
of those who can prove their innocence, must be reversed,
for the whole tradition of Anglo-Saxon common law is
the presumption that a man is innocent until proved guilty,
and in the present case the burden of proof rests upon
the Government, not upon the evacuee.
These actions should be taken now, for the solution of
.lI__ ___Lf__. a!_- __.-_.__aI__ L__ 4-_-4_J _.IIl __> L_ _._l_U1: PIUDICHIS Inc :92'3Cuil[lUl'l I135 LICIICU wlll ll Dc lulu:
- easier by waiting until later. If action is postponed until
the post-war period, it will be greatly complicated by the
problem of resettling millions of soldiers and war indus-
try workers at the same time. In addition, by admitting its
mistake and rectifying it, our Government could contribute
-an encouraging boost to the forces of racial understanding.
In-a time when we are seeking to prove to the Negro that
this is not just a white man's war, and trying to counter-
act Axis inuence on colored peoples the world over, no
action could be more pertinent. _ . _ '
If this measure is not opposed, there is no guarantee
what group will be next, for what can happen to a
japanese racial -minority can happen also to a Negro or
Jewish minority. By our opposition and our attempt to
bring the truth to the attention of the public we can con-
tribute to building the peace, as knowledge of the truth
and an altitude of racial tolerance among American citi-
zens are prerequisites of any better world. We need to
join in a recent concern of some Southern California
Friends, prompted hy the evacuation, to lvccornc a group
which will "with love rather than malice, yct extensively
sneak at the rwcscnt lime, like the prophets of old, thatmediate suering is needed, and it is encouraging to note-- a 0_r_> ~ -! - -
-.,,.
the historic principle of the Society of Friends that per-
sons are more important than any theory needs special
emphasis." Recognizing that such outspokenness may be
"disastrous" and that "undoubtedly we shall reap What
we have sown in our own apathy and inditference in the
past," these Friends feel that they should publicly apolo-
gise for our national course of action and thus "completely
identify ourselves with persons in other nations who nd
themselves caught in a similar, seemingly overwhelming
situation."
Meanwhile we can cooperate with those who are seek-
ing to make it possible for students and families from the
detention camps to move into the Middle West and other
areas of the country which will accept them.. Our F. O. R.
groups in inland areas can seek opportunities for students
to enter. colleges, jobs into which individuals can move
and openings for families to settle in new homes. Groups
on the Pacic Coast in turn can contribute information
about japanese who would t in especially well in such a
resettlement plan. All this information should be cleared
through the Fellowship of Reconciliation, 2151 Vine St.,
Berkeley, Calif., from which it will be sent to whatever
agencies are best able to deal with the individual case. In
order to have a family or individual granted permission to
come to a resettlement opening in the Middle West, the
Government authorities will wish to know what college will
denitely accept a student, or what economic arrangements
cm be made, guaranteeing "a job or support; and what
guarantees can be offered that thereaction of the com-
ljlunity to the introduction of tr. few japariese will not be
too adverse. All F. O. R. groups in the Middle West of-
fering opportunities for resettlement will have to meet
these conditions, and the best way to do it probably will
be to get a committee of prominent non-pacist but liberal
ministers, professors, etc., who will stand baclc of the plan.
Immediate Action - i'
In seeking to bring about a change in the whole Govern-
ment policy toward evacuation and continued detention,
the best things to do are:
Study the whole subject with your peace team with the
help of this article, the Christian Cenrzrry, particularly the
April 1, 1942 issue, and the Tolan Committee report of
March 19 - obtained by writing Tolan Committee investi-
gating National Defense Migration, House Oice Building,
Washington, D. C.!. . '
. Bring the truth of what is happening before the public,
laying the whole matter upon the conscience of the
churches, in an attempt to get local churches, ho_me mis-
sion boards, etc., to realize the seriousness of the situation.
Protest in letters to the President, the Secretary of 92Var,'
and your Congressmen, and in letters to newspapers and
to friends. .
Oppose such local discrimination: as the recent action of
Governor Ratner, of Kansas, who banned Japanese and__
japanese-Americans from -that state. '
Here is a task oi major importance for those wl|O believe
in love as the means of "discovc-rin_|; trutlt, dispelling
antagonisms, and reconciling |'92r.'0plr:, tlr.-spite all |.lrllercm'cs,
92'v '
1
~pa ..-G - 1, -p1 1': 1-4" ~~' K "|- I ._ . , I - I Ian- - - -.- 1Q .-' . n
r ,, -n I. r_o. ' -»_
. - . . - | - . up -92
u - , >- I _ I- '_§ ' . _ . I , ., _____,_-4-,_- , Ar; ¢.J.nu-..|-.-ca»-=-. =_1.v:-o.n»___= n.
. _ . _ I _ , r .. _ _ $.', - ' - . ,-- . .-| ' .r __ I -.92 _ r
. ' 1 } ' !. . -_'.
' §_ -em cn':mse-2 Poems sem-'iee'en=eni:i . '
--_ ' _1nf301"h5111 California
. . o'0 ' . . . - _ - . _ . , _ . - o <_ ," - . - ' 0 - _ .
. eoeesznnre s:-imcn: Persona whose conscientious and r-:l:'§,g7!.o':.s training make oi:-ti;
cipotiooin war inr -ossible new obtain-advice on draft nrcceclure by-consting the - V I 1 . -- , I _ .' . _ 1
Jlorthern Califm-ni 1 Sereico llize-d ier -Soniscieetio-as Q}92:,Ig_r;~.,-or-s, 1533 épruea Street, *
;_ "Berkeley. .. E!1io'no "- 3311'.-;eluy :>-me! -
- I . ' . » <o | ~
CITII-1.511 PUBLIC SSRYICE CAI-ES; Conscientious objectors who are gives. draft classi-
c 31°F-*5-011 1?-E are new being assig,-r.-.-d to government approved compo which are admin-
,i3t°1'-Bi -by the F1*iom18. B:-othr-to I-1.-i.¬L::-'!DILvIl1.tt':So Bach caupor works 4/ hours a. week
an 5 cm-T ! T.-"I 9.1-"5, deci.p:.~.*..-..92 Lj'iF: government to to oi nat§o!ia1'1:.rpr:"Ea_1cC-. " L
:F""1:"5 =1 5'-1I"1'vision of the 92.c:~:: is-nrcvid.c:1 1*?! cone civilian 'e.-.'a.':w3'- 01' '3
-'~'°"'=F=-°*"-'~E1' =921-ans the U. S. Forest Service. -
E;-"IR W053? F1"->111 the view of the government, these camps provide labor ncccse-9-'l'3't° carry on a valuable, nationally-izrraortant project, without cost to the GOYCTR"
° t' 0* *3-° ° 1'1°1' himd. persons assigned to camps recognize their 0*-'11 ¢?P°1't'~miWt° r°3d °-- 9- °° 5*1'-1¢°1V@| non?-military service to the community, t11or¢bY_¢-'+'°Y1l°1ifY"- ing 17-1° 91° 161?-1'3"!-'-92-'15."-¢ approach to peace. C
P101310 Coasr e.1=.s. on-rs: Persons selected for civilian service fro1i1T<>I"¢1'1<=1'11
c°1if°m§a' 91° bciné. sent to one oi two camps: c! CPS Camp
_ca1if°1!11=-- Add:-cos: Oscar Harehhurn. Director. Box. E5.% is near Pasadena» _
Glcngra!, LI.1lI1i.3li¬3J.Od-
'5? the American Friends Service coooi2¬oo'.}1£;1'£oo1o.ioo.1'lie-oonoo from the U.S.
I°1'°°*-1'? 5¢1 fi¢eo this camp is operating aiva.luaulc experiment in watershed mango-
nont in the San Binae Forest. la! CPS Camp #21 is at Cascade Locks: Or°g° v °n C 7"° °°1l~*b1e River. Address: I-Karl-: Schrock Director, Sta.r'1iout0» ¢o5<=a=~° INKS!-
Ihis °a' P'1= °1°iI1¬ recreational and naintenclilco work under the Forest 5s1'Vi¢-B 9115- 1°
Bnjinistcred by the Brethren Service Committee.
ilmlgcmi 'T=_1B $21 Paid "to the soldiers each non-th_ is not_.° t 2 c131,SH1 cffps. 0-. the COL|.tIa.l"y,t.'1OSO who are anlor expenses Woo a month! do so as evidence of their sincere; ¢=<>f11tr:r in a truly constructive tanner. If such expenses
9- ifiictrative agencies, i ' .
LTEEEI C.#_L1v I '
um °~*'-"1351-.thiB need will increase. ' .- .
1
:-
3 1~zat1QD,. 3{Q92_1_ Q91? l:nI92l1"..I"T92r92+. ' -' 1 92-I92| In-vu-I-L.-92L.|.vu| _ :
I u-_ _____ ______ ._ ' 7 __ .7 Y .. ....~:7 _ . ~__ -=-> - ~.-- - ~ 77" ' l5"7"'"':':-3'- "92""""';"paid-to fellows 56515165
to bcarsthcir own liv."_-§1¬_.
willingness to serve their
"cannot be paid by $319 _c§':P°r' by hi fa-T111? friends; or church, they must ultimately 1"?-'55 1-1P°5 th° three
- .-031:1». s seam: To provide for the expenses of those campers fromHo:-thorn California whose ozmonscsare not yet paid, there is needed $991-51 f°-7= Plot costs, and $175.00 a uonth for the future. As more boys are inducted into ' _
mm IOU cm Do: Ha-115' Persons feel that those who have not yet been drafted =:11O9211-<1. share with the three small administrative service committees the responsibility for
; cm? °xP°n=°.- If you agree that Northern California ought to earn i-to share andi if 7° are 59$ i11Ie<13' contributing elsewhere, "you may want to contribute toward 0 -
I °P~==1e1 11¢-rtiioro California fund. Your gifts and monthly contributions no.7 be wet»t the Northern California Service Board for Conscientious 0'b,jocto1'ss 1638 52>1'92'*°°
i 3*-root, Berkeley, California, which .1111 forward the money to the American Friends _~ Borneo Committee, asking than to credit your church, the F.0.R. or any M1101 <1--E;i111"
iv, -,- '92924 .1-r -
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A letter from Hideo Heshirnete, pester el the
Jlplneso Methodist Church, Fresno, California, _ i
_ _ and member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. _ _ _ -
. _ .. April I8. 1942
Dean Fnaettos: -
Or: the eve of evacuation, I greet you with mixed feel-
ings. The swift current of events following the outbreak
of the present war has disrupted the lives of many of us.
I must state at the outset that it has not all been unmixed
e-ii. As z minister of Christ, i have gained valuable ex-
perience and opportunities of service that will strengthen
and make more effective my ministry. But to the people
Jvhom I serve these months have been time of uncertainty,
fear, and heartbreaking disappointments. Not that we
hive expected to lead normal lives, but it was a blow to
Amefi-l092'ig. peaceful permanent residents who have
lived in America thirty to lift-y years to l;;.¢ suddenly l_|_§5i.
lied as "enemy aliens" and receive treatment as such.-
The impact has_been an especially hard one for the
Nisei, the Americah citizens of japanese parentage. They
have no home but thisno allegiance but the United
States. Already over ve thousandare in the U. S. Army.
Suddenly they awoke on the morning of arch 3, and dis-
covered to their utter bewilderment. that their own govern-
ment has classied them as Class 3 "enemy aliens," ahead
of German andltalian diam.
As I go about busily engaged in welfare work among
needy families; soliciting funds and food for welfare,
understanding and aid from Caucasian friends; helping
with registrations, disposal or storage of real and personal
property; nding renters for houses and businesses; col-
lecting junk; trying to preach to the being-disillusioned on
the meaning of the Cross: providing nursery and recrea-
titans! facilities; and writing these letters and articles to
widely scattered friends and forgetting about packing my
things while going about urging others to do so in the
face of imminent evacuation orders!; being restricted to
re miles and having to be in at 8:00 P. M, I cannot
believe that only three and a half months ago 1 was travel-
ling from one end of the continent to the other, attending
the National Conference of Methodist Students at Urbana
Ind visiting many of you. ' e
In all these days, the heart-v-'atmin_1_: and encouraging
experiences in the midst of darkness have been your
thoughtful letters and the sympathy and help of these
Caucasian friends who have helped us unstintedly. The
real meaning of friendihip, and of the Cl1risl_ian fellow-
ship that transcends the barriers of rare and nations stand
mat in clear-cul relief in these lteart-breaking clays.
What the future holds for us is very uncertain. except
for the definite knowledge that there will he untold sulfur-
irtg. But it is not the physical suffering that is the most
difficult for us. 92Ve are willing to go a second mile inserving and suffering for our nation and _for the principles
for which she stands. not it is the feeling, that we are
men without a country, not by our choice but against our
will by the decree of the Fourth Army.- y
However, when a feeling _of being unjustly diScri'lil1Ill¢<1
against is combined with physical ltardslrip, it is next to
'-mbeatable. The End-action _cnters'-.~.-here 3.000 to 10,000
people will be housed and fed "temporarily." have been
built in about a week to ten days. There must be about
fifteen or twenty of them, most of them in racetracks and
county fairgrounds. Many of the durable buildings are
made-over stables, but the majority of them are rough
frame structures 20 feet by one hundred feet with small
windows, tar-paper walls and roofs, and asphalt floors!
About ve families will be housed in each. Imagine a
typical Japanese family of sixor sgven not the average,
because there are many newly-weds and single men and
women! living in a single room twenty feet square, in
these shacks during the typical Fresno summer weather of
10$ degrees outside in the shade--perhaps l25 degrees
inside with asphalt lloorsl!. N0 one knows where the
people will be "relocated" from these centers. The Army
has taken upon itself or was forced by powerfully maneu-
vered minority "public" pressure! a task that is not its
usual. The Army has done it as well as may be expected,
but it is faced with almost insuperable dilliculties.
I am to be evacuated and to enter into one of these
concentration camps, for that is what they really are, with
double barbed fences and all. Only families: men-, women,
children, sick, and invalid. are to be placed in them. I
shall probably be responsible to between 3,000 and 5,000
souls in one of these, perhaps at Fresno Fairgrounds. Many
old people will die. Many babies will be born and will
die. The largest group of Nisei is now in the early
twenties!. Many will pass away more because oi tlfe loss
of all that they have worked for in their lifetime an-.! the
lack of something to live for. .
I am to be their pastor, the minister of the Gospel. How
am I to preach to them? I do not ask in resentment or
cynicism. There is nothing in myhcart but the feeling of
responsibility and the task to he done. it l fail, who will
undertake it? l even feel that it is my providential oppor-
tunity to serve the people and the Master. llut more than
ever before l feel hnmlile in the face of the gigantic task.
I need your help and your prayers.
iii is iwciicr iO.lI!.:l1i :t iantiic titan to curse the dark-
ness." Let us all endeavor, in the name of our hlasltl,
to do our bit for His Kingtlom in these days of darkness.
7 I Yours in fellowship, .-¢-
'- Hturo Hastrlmrro. .
- Ifcyou would like fo help, write to any of the following:
Comntiaginn rm Alirru ninl Pi-iaium-a lhr Tl... I I...-..---r--.._ _-mu--I -. .92- I --._- -s -- -. ~----- -~--*-~ ' re-*-e----v~-"-w--"'*'"_"'**"
.43:-r. .t I __ _ _ .-
enuunnlnucnL1mu..* u
; SERVICE BOARD FOR CONSCIENTIOUS OBIECTORS '
1 §IPIU@ITlEIToISIEIIl'-CILIOIIIII ' ll:-"ll"!!!-BCIQKSOCIQIUI' t:L:rlonz.nzn:strva1|: unurasummu . nunm»_
1 - _ _ - -' February 2, 1942 -
Q v92-*£'1§
;
e ' "
-' Deer friend: o . ' - ' ' 1 '
2 -' - - '
I111 1c be possible for you toeeaist in maintaining the Civilian
Public Service Camps for conscientious objectors? Explanations both of n the services rendered by these camps and of the serious financial assis-
! i tance needed appears on the enclosed page. If further information is
desired, we_ehal1 gladly furnish it at your request.
Ls you may know, more than 22 of these camps are now administered
nationally by the service committees of the Friends Quakere!._3rethren
and Mennonites, who necessarily will bear the ultimate costs of all n
campers who have neither independent resources nor support from church » _
_er community. Since there are many such campers, even from Northern
_ California, these of us who have not been drafted feel that it is our
- responsibility to assume n fair share of these expenses. '
~- o Perhaps you will wont to recommend to your own grourw-whether it be
; 5 church, e young people: league, or a comittee interested in civil
1 - and religious 1ibertici~~that a monthly pledge be made toward support of
_._ . the_canps. If you decide to make c personal pledge, you will find
- °n°° TBé¢meni iron the fact that the work of the camps has been recognized3 ' _by the government to be work of national importance. Indeed, on several
j occasions contributions to the camps have been made as substitutes fordefense stamps or bonds. o o
7 i"- Yhatever amount you can contribute will be we1comcd._ Your gifts will, _
if be.ferwarded to the Friends Service Committee, to be credited ss you direct.
y . ' .
,_,,_. ,_., _ .. _ .. _. e , _ . , . sincerely yours. s
' .- / ~ ; "' L as...-1:.._ .-$2/<j£¢.L .
,';,,$_ H.,A§§?,/I f ,,; _7 Executive Sccretery_
- ' ' ' Fe ";"~T ~ . ~ i " /i ' "7 ' " & .;<-F "T, . I "nu , ' II I L ' If . 'f' ' __ _* 59°-I Eat 388 Church Federation Prcs., Ce
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