Document text
Falcon 50 FM
6 Band DIGITAL audio PROCESSOR
Operating manual
(Rel. 1.3)
PART TWO: I/O & SYSTEM SETUP
Pag. 2
RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A- RUNNING THE SOFTWARE da titi data 5
Li. THE “COMPACT SKIN “MODE 5:455 4 nt indy ota e ete lili cirios 5
12 FITTING TFT MONITORS (HIGH SCREEN? MODE)...........ssssssseee eee eme em enemies 6
13 ACCESSING THE CONTROL SOFTWARE... eem en en ene eterne eterne eerie ens 7
14 CHANGING/ DISABLING THE PROGRAM PASSWORD ...........sssssseseee eee em emnes 8
2 LOCAL CONNECTIONS SET-UP (SERIAL RS232, USB) ........................ eene nennen 9
2.1 ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT SERIAL CONNECTIONS ..........ssssseseeeeee eee eene en nennen 11
3 REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN 8 MODEM) ......................... eeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnenennnnn nennen nnns 12
31 | HOW TO EDIT MODEM & ETHERNET CONNECTIONS............sssssssseeeeee eem mee emnes 13
32 | MODEM CONNECTION EDITING... eene nemen een eene nennen nennen nennen rere nnne 14
33 REMOTE CONTROL VIA IP (ETHERNET CONNECTION) *........sssssessseseeeee eee ee eene nennen 15
34 AUTOMATIC NETWORK-SCAN FOR CONNECTED PROCESSORS........... sss 16
4 REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW .................... eneeeeeeee enne nn nnn n nnne rasan nns n nannten nnns 17
41 THE ‘CORE’ NAVIGATIONSYSTEM omoota ee eI eee nenne nennen nee nree nein reete ee neret re nennen eene 18
42 HOW TO NAVIGATE THRU BLOCKS AND CONTROLS ...........sssseseeeee eee ee emen enne 18
43 HOW TO SCROLL THE PARAMETER VALUES ........... sese eere nen eene nennen rennen 18
44: HOW TO MODIFY A TEXT EIBDD,.. cocoroco comoda ones) cd dh eet ete cese da Munich e sh da Meda bandadas een 19
4.5; ^ THE TORBA R adas calas Seat beet esee E ded 20
4:6. c THE METERING SCREEN, 2:55 nicecctietsto entes enis eoe ecu ue eben ult ch eda led cet ede etc od 20
Er GIHELOORUFP TABLE e ed blo ech loa ses ee wll ce Noster andan deter etie sh erepta do aaa 21
4:8. - “PREFERENCE S's euo enenedetod et duieteldntiuiet E 21
49 HOW TO DISCONNECT FROM THE PROCESSSOR ............ssssssseeee eee e eene enne nennen nennen 21
4.10 HOW TO CLOSE THE 'CONFIGURATION' PANEL... rene nennen nennen nennen 21
411 HOW TO CLOSE € MINIMIZE THE SOFTWARE SCREEN ...........ssesseeee e nme 22
412 THE ‘ABOUT’ INFORMATION SCREEN............sssesseeeeeee eee nene een enhn nennen nennen nennen nre 22
5 PASSWORDS & RIGHTS TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR .................. cessent nnne 23
SE SUSER PROFILES tos 4 unessesose c ieiumeduset medina ene poe a t es boit dl 23
52 HOW TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR AS ‘GUEST’ USER... eem eene eene nennen 23
53 CHANGING PASSWORDS FOR ACCESSING THE PROCESSOR.............sssssssseseeeee eene ee 24
$4. LOGIN LIST entr ern e ath Wet Sis ned andina lalola itr teet 25
6 AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION,...................... eeeeeeeeeeeee enne nn nennen nna sanus enn nnnt nnn annus 26
61 HOW TO SWITCH BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL AUDIO SOURCES ............. see 26
6.2 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING BETWEEN SOURCES ..........sssssssee eere nenne nene nennen nennen 27
63 HOW TO TRIGGER ALARMS ON IN THE EVENT OF INPUT AUDIO FAILURES............... eee 28
64 SETTING THE PROCESS PREEMPHASIS ..........ssssssseeee ee ee eem ee nenne nennen nennen nennen eere 29
6.5:. - ANALOG INPUT SETUP. deret derriere te reta erede colocando 30
6.5.1 SETTING THE INPUT MODE (MONO, STEREO, SWAP, ETC)........ sss ee eene 30
6.5.2 IE PASS TILLER aiite rtr rH er eode AID un 30
6.5.3 PHASE ROTA LO Et A e ar ede n e estet erede Den Qe eee QR 31
6.5.4 A/D CONVERSION SETUP — QUICK START ........csssssssesseesseeeee eene eene eren eere eee eene ene 32
6:6- -- DIGETAEINPUT SET-UP caceria eee leí dotarse ls lalala dosis 34
6.6.1 SETTING THE INPUT MODE (MONO, STEREO, SWAP, ETC)........ sse eene 34
6.6.2 HIGH PASS ALEVINES dE 34
6.6.3 PHASE ROTATOR. A ttr ose al ata 35
6.6.4 DIGITAL INTERFACE SETUP — QUICK START... eene emen eene 36
7 | AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ......................-eeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnen nennen nnn nnn nsn nn nnne nnne n nn nns 37
7.1 ANALOG OUTPUT CALIBRATION........issssseseeeee eere nene hee E A O S ee nnne 37
7.1.1 QUIPULSOURGESEEECTION. 2 tert T A moo tre 37
7.1.2 DESEMPHASIS & GROUP DELAYS eem ades 37
7.1.3 DACONVERSONSETUR.: sc tto recie orc ivo ite 37
7.1.4 MATCHING THE LOAD IMPEDANCE ..........essssesseeeeeeeee eene nne tenen nennen 38
72 DIGITAL OUTPUT CALIBRATION ..........ssseseseeeeee ee een nre eene a T netten nere nnne nnne 39
7.2.1 OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION (is teret pn atteso ede pedem edt Rocio 39
B22 DE-EMPHASISEGROUP DELA V IAS AR eee ee 39
7.2.3 DIGHAL OWLPUT REFERENCE dE ae IAS 39
7.2.4 OUTPUL RAT Bos pra a E A sienna RR BEA IM FAS P re ER t Ft Ea oret 39
7.2.5 OUTPUT RESOLUTION... 5t etie tee ota t e e e OR e RU ere it 40
7.3 | MPXOUTPUTS CONFIGURATION AND LEVELS ............ssseseeeeee eee eene eene nree nennen 40
7.3.1 QUIPUFLCSOURGESELEGCTION...... rte etre E t i te ut te t eee et 40
7.3.2 PILOT LEVEL AND PHASE Sopa oru P e ettet tete 40
Page 3
RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
7.3.3 SELECTABLE MPX ATTENUATION iooooioconicconancononcnnonavonncononco E NAA E rennen nennen nein enne 40
7.3.4 MPX POWER LIMITER CONTROL (ITU 412)... eene enne rn 41
7.4 | MPX OUTPUT LEVELS AND MODES ...........ssssssssseseee eee eene eee ee nennt nennen ener ee nere nete ee nre 42
7.4.1 MEX L MPX DOO LPL LEVELS. uie tee eder eee e re tle d ee retenti e eee dre 42
7.4.2 CEPR PIT MESA eese queant DA eee spud edendi ure eO 42
7.4.3 MEXSOETROT MODEST da 43
43
8. THE: INTERNAL GENERATOR. ici
Page 4
RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
1 RUNNING THE SOFTWARE
Run the Falcon 50 software from START / PROGRAMS / AXEL FALCON 50.
AXEL
CMÁÍTECHNOLOSA
EQUCON IU
1.1 THE ‘COMPACT SKIN’ MODE
While the control software comes up, it will detect the actual resolution of the Pc monitor. If resolution is
better or equal to 1024 x 768 (XGA), the software opens by default at its max graphic quality and detail
(Extended Mode).
If lower, it automatically prompts in a more primitive graphic way called ‘COMPACT SKIN’ mode, which
opens the interface windows at a lower resolution, suitable for SVGA (800 x 600) Pc monitors.
Anyway, when using high-resolution monitors, the operator may always choose the Compact Skin mode
from the starting window by clicking the associated option on the window.
Once the program has started, it will resemble one of the following mask, according to the chosen display
mode (Compact or Extended skin)
Start mask in Compact Skin mode
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RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
Start mask in Extended Skin mode
At this moment, the connection with the processor has not been established, yet. Communication channel
also needs to be defined.
1.2 FITTING TFT MONITORS (‘HIGH CONTRAST’ MODE)
The 'HIGH CONTRAST' control turns the Navigator panel monochromatic, in order to make the software
operation easier on some screen or computers (low contrast TFT, notebook screens, etc).
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT eee
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INPUT
SELECT
DIGITRL MP:
INPUT SETUP OUTS
| COMMUNICATION] [AUTOMATION
IF YOU ARE RUNNING THE PROGRAM FOR THE FIRST TIME
Upon initial installation, if You are connecting for the first time, You have to enter a password as a new user
to access the Pc Control Software.
A special mask will be shown. Enter the New Password and click OK. The password will be saved in the
system memory and pre-registration will be no longer needed. It is NOT case sensitive.
Note: the New Password field MUST be filled with alphanumeric strings composed by 6 digits at least.
Click EXIT to leave without modifications or click HELP to get the on-line support. Click OK once the
password has been entered.
Program Access Password Manager
New Password: |FALCONSO
À valid Password is not defined yet.
Please type a new one and click OK.
Click Exit to quit the program.
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RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
The access to the Pc remote Control Software is protected by password. You need to
D type the right password at each access to launch the software, unless You disable the
request for password from the general software CONFIG mask (see the next section).
1.3 ACCESSING THE CONTROL SOFTWARE
Before you can get started with software control, you must enter a Password that grants you to access the
Remote Control Software.
The following mask is shown:
[ ppe program acce
15 M
|2 chars max] and strike
‘ou have 3 tries left
Enter the password in the ‘ACCESS PASSWORD black field.
You have three attempts available. As you type the password an asterisk will appear instead the letters you
type. This is normal and helps to ensure that no one else can see your password when it is entered.
KREKKKKKKKK
Once the password has been entered, press ‘ENTER’. If the password is correct, the ‘ACCESS GRANTED’
message will appear and the two buttons on the right will turn bright.
INFORMATIONS
Page 7
RUNNING THE SOFTWARE ENG
NOTES ON PASSWORDS
If You are accessing for the first time, enter the same password already typed in the
Program Access Password Manager mask. In our example: FALCONBO.
1.4 CHANGING / DISABLING THE PROGRAM PASSWORD.
Once You have established a conection (either Local or Remote) with the Falcon 50 processor, You may
change the initial password or tell the software not to request the password at each access. To do this, click
the CONFIG button under the NAVIGATIONS buttons:
The CHANGE PRoGram PassWorD button allows the user to modify the password needed to access the
Pc Remote Control Software:
we
CHANGE PRG PWD
Click the associated icon and enter the new password:
Program Access Password Manager
Old Password: —|FALCONSO
Type the new Access Password in the field
above.
Click OK to confirm.
NOTE: This operation cannot be undone.
In particular, as a security measure, the system will show your old password, and You will then be prompted
to enter your new password, and click OK to confirm. Click ESC to exit without changing the password.
If would like to avoid the Remote Control Software for asking for a password, ‘de-select’ the ASK PRG
PASSWORD control from the CONFIG mask by clicking it.
[] ASK PRG PASSWORD
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LOCAL CONNECTIONS SET-UP (SERIAL RS232, USB) ENG
2 LOCAL CONNECTIONS SET-UP (SERIAL RS232, USB)
Once the access has been granted, two buttons allow to set-up LOCAL CONNECTIONS (i.e. SERIAL and
USB) or REMOTE CONNECTIONS (i.e. Modem and LAN/ETHERNET).
Pressing the LOCAL CONNECTIONS key the following screen will be shown:
| (* Serial Ports — EL C Usb Ports
— Serial Ports USB Ports
Available Ports Available Connections
[coma “| —B— | 1 3
TIGTHE HIN BITTERRRHGIHHITIES.
Satan -------------
User Name User Name
[ADMIN S| G ADMIN
Password Password
[^ [v Remember Password fete Iv Renee passione
~ Messages
Choose a connection source and an available port. D
Type a user name.
If requested, type password and then press 'Connect' to attempt
connection.
Falcon 50
As first step, the user will choose the type of connection (RS 232 SERIAL or USB) to control the processor
(A).
The relevant control panel (B) will turn bright.
SERIAL PORT
Select the connection port among the ones available on the actual computer.
USB PORTS
When choosing a USB connection, the Available Connections menu lists all processors which are currently
logged (i.e. active) in on a USB network.
For each processor, the name (given by the user or factory default) and the firmware number are provided*.
LERA er Cs
You may refresh the list in order to search for new processor connected by clicking the Refresh icon ="
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LOCAL CONNECTIONS SET-UP (SERIAL RS232, USB) ENG
* the processor NAME and FIRMWARE code are contained in the COMMUNICATIONS page of navigation
panel. Each time You add a new Falcon 50 processor to Yr computer, the Control Software will investigate
the new connected unit for its actual Name and Firmware code.
Available Connections
[F50-FSODEFAULT +] &
Target Name: F50 DEFAULT
Firmware Code: F50K19545037T
As last connection step, the user is requested to enter his/her profile (NAME and PASSWORD). (C)
User Name
JAD MIN - |
Password
| [ Remember Password
The Falcon 50 provides two levels of security. The first one (called “program password") is
related to the Pc Control Software and enables the user to run it on the Pc. The second one
is related to the connection to the processor unit itself. There is therefore no relationship
between the password required at this step to connect to the processor and the
password previously used to access the Pc Remote Control Software.
Whenever You are connecting for the first time or after a general reset, keep the
default User Name (ADMIN) with no password.
You may intoduce an ADMIN password or set NEW user profiles at any time from the SYSTEM page in the
Navigation Window (see the Next Chapter)
Click the CONNECT button. If the connection parameters / status are Ok, the connection dialogue mask will
close and the main Control Panel will appear.
The NAME of the logged user will also be saved and listed in the User Name list for the next connection
session as soon as the connection has been established.
The Remember Password control, if selected before attempting the connection, avoid the user to type the
password at next access.
Further information about the connection status or possible connection troubles are provided in the
Messages (D) screen.
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LOCAL CONNECTIONS SET-UP (SERIAL RS232, USB) ENG
Note: You may remove at any time one of more of listed user by clicking right his/their names in the list
User Name
[CHARLIE =l
Password x:
petoloiool [v Remember Password
By confirming the Item Deleting a proper dialogue mask will ask You to type associated to the user to be
removed:
User elimination request
User: CHARLIE
Enter password for proceeding elimination
[o
cora |
—A-
Possible errors will be displayed in the field (A).
NB: the specially featured ADMIN user can NEVER be removed from the list.
2.1 ADDITIONAL NOTES ABOUT SERIAL CONNECTIONS
Available Ports The Available Ports menu lists all ports currently available on the Pc.
[com y] By selecting one of them and trying to attemp the connection (by clicking the Connect
E B button) if the connection can not be executed, special messages will be shown in the
message board at the bottom (unavailability of selected port, wrong password or user
name, etc).
The Pc Remote Control Software forces the connection parameters of chosen Serial
Port to the most suitable ones, so that no further user-settings are required.
Page 11
REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM) ENG
3 REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM)
The REMOTE CONNECTIONS key opens the dialogue mask for connecting via Modem and Ethenet.
Remote Connections
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As first step, the user can choose the type of connection to control the processor (A). The Available
Connections menu lists the already created/edited connections (if existing) accordingly to their given name
(TRANSMITTER, MASTER CONTROL, WCET). You may freely choose one of existing connections or
create a new one using the EDIT button (see next Paragraph).
Ethernet Test
Modem Test
The relevant control panel (B) will turn bright.
As next step, the user is requested to enter his/her profile (NAME and PASSWORD) (C)
Page 12
REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM) ENG
The Falcon 50 provides two levels of security. The first one (called “program password") is
related to the Pc Control Software and enables the user to run it on the Pc. The second one
is related to the connection to the processor unit itself. There is therefore no relationship
between the password required at this step to connect to the processor and the
password previously used to access the Pc Remote Control Software.
Whenever You are connecting for the first time or after a general reset, keep the
default User Name (ADMIN) with no password.
You may intoduce an ADMIN password or set NEW user profiles at any time from the SYSTEM page in the
Navigation Window (see the Next Chapter)
Click the CONNECT button (E). If the connection parameters / status are Ok, the connection dialogue mask
will close and the main Control Panel will appear.
The NAME of the logged user will also be saved and listed in the User Name list for the next connection
session as soon as the connection has been established.
The Remember Password control, if selected before attempting the connection, avoid the user to type the
password when accessing the processor at next time.
Further information about the connection status or possible connection troubles are provided in the
Messages (D) board.
3.1 HOW TO EDIT MODEM & ETHERNET CONNECTIONS
You can edit each of the connections listed in the Available Connections field by clicking right on it and then
selecting the ‘Edit Connection’ item on the displayed pop-up menu.
Available Connections |
| modem! |
New Connection
Connection Inform
ection Type: Modem
Delete Connection
Alternatively, You may click the EDIT icon on the right.
Available Co tions
[New Connection m fi enr
The Connection Editor mask (F) will turn bright.
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REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM) ENG
Connection Editor
Connection Name
[M y Connection A
Connection Type
(e TCP/IP
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The Connection Name (A) field allows You to type a menmonic name for the current connections (this can
be the call letters of a radio station, facility location, etc.)
Once entered, You may choose the type of Remote Connection to be edited.
3.2 MODEM CONNECTION EDITING
Choose ‘Modem’ in the Connection Type window. ( Modem
First of all, select the serial port on the pc the modem is connected to. Serial Port: [com y]
The screen will also prompt for the Phone Number. Enter the number Phone Number
that is to be dialed. [04873654283
Type in the complete number. It is NOT acceptable to use hyphens or Mccann ina
dashes. Example, when dialing a listed number such as 241-3343, it a
must be entered as 2413343. JAT&FO&KO&CO&SO&R1S2=255
If dialing out from a PBX system where a local line must be selected, enter the access number followed by a
comma, then the number to be dialed. For example, if you must dial 0 to get an outside line, you would enter
0, 241-3343. The comma inserts a pause in the modem string and allows the outside line to be connected
before the actual number is dialed.
Keep the actual initialization string for the local modem which is prompted at the bottom field.
Note: the initialization string is based on standard AT commands. Please refer to the relevant
documentation for further details. For best operation, we highly suggest to use default string.
Once the desired number to dialed and the other data are entered, press the SAVE key. The new connection
will now be displayed in the Available Connections list field on the main mask. Press ESC (D) (or hit the ESC
key on Your keyboard) to leave without saving.
a At the processor side, using a modem must be enabled from the Control Software. Refer to
Ex” the COMMUNICATION screen.
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REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM) ENG
3.3 REMOTE CONTROL VIA IP (ETHERNET CONNECTION) *
Type the IP address of processor to connect to in the IP field | — — Connection Type
on section (B)
E (© TCP/IP
The Falcon 50 may be given an IP address (with associated
Subnet mask) from the COMMUNICATION page of Navigation
d RSS eS iod IP: | 192. 168.000. 032
After having edited the connection, the Connect button will then
execute the connection, while ESC will discard the settings. Both buttons will afterwards close the dialogue
mask.
* the Falcon 50 TCP/IP interface is available as an option. For further information, contact Your local dealer.
Example for assigning an IP Address:
A Falcon 50 may be operated on a network where the following applies:
- The IP Addresses 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.100 have already been assigned
— The sub-network mask is 255.255.255.0
— The Falcon 50 should contain IP Address 192. 168.1.101
You can change at any time the actual Falcon 50 IP-address from the COMMUNICATION window
(accessible by the COMMUNICATION tab on the Navigator screen) — see Chapter .
The presence of a firewall on Yr local network could cut down the connection speed. If You
rio | ] oop . . . . .
[= experience any lack of fluidity in the menu navigation, try to disable possible software
controls on IP streaming (such as ZoneAlarm) and/or choose the slowest refresh rate of
software screens (Ref to Preferences paragraph on next Chapter).
When powering-up the processor, the Falcon 50 FM Network interface needs up to 15
seconds for complete auto-setup and inizialization.
During this period, no communication with the Pc through the Lan will be possible. For
Network Port configuration You will need to communicate with the processor via RS232 or
USB connection. The default IP Address of Falcon 50 FM network interface (when installed)
is 192.168.0.20, with Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0.
Page 15
REMOTE CONNECTIONS SET-UP (LAN & MODEM) ENG
3.4 AUTOMATIC NETWORK-SCAN FOR CONNECTED PROCESSORS
Together with the Pc Control Software, the Falcon 50 FM software Setup application will install a special tool
called Falcon 50 IP Search Tool.
With launching it, it will be possible to examine the LAN for connected Falcon 50s. The following dialog
window opens:
fl Falcon50 Search tool - Audio Devices
Falcon50 list
i00: 08: DC: 10: 4A: OD Falcon50 IP fisz.168.0.20 —
Subnet [255.255.255.0
% X falcon50
Search Exit
All found Falcon 50s are listed on the left (MAC address) with information about given IP-address and
Subnet address. Clicking the desired item on the Falcon 50 list to connect to it.
Page 16
REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
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INPUT
E-BAND DIGITAL OUTPUT
SERE PROCESS DRB-IBOC OUTPUT
PRESETS
DIGITAL MPX MPX
INPUT SETUP OUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM SETUP
Ua
| | | |
10 11 12 13
Left and Right audio channel input level (after AGC stage). Range: 0 to - 60dB
AGC level: shows the gain factor that the processor applies to the input signal. The best AGC values
range close to 0 dB (or, still better, are slightly negative: - 1, - 2, etc).
Band compression factors. The meters show the compression factor (range 0 to -25 dB) applied to
the frequencies relevant to that band: the higher the meter bar is, the stronger is the compression and
therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower.
ON AIR Preset & date /time bar: it shows the current processing curve and the system date & time.
EFFECT meter: it shows the amount of effect (Stereo Enhancing) applied to the signal
DAB meter: it shows the actual level of DAB output
D OUT meter: it shows the audio DIGITAL OUTPUT level
A OUT meter: it shows the audio ANALOG OUTPUT level
MPX meters: it shows the levels of two MPX outputs.
LOOK-UP TABLE: it shows the main processor configuration. The Alarm signalling may be associated
to many events / actions
Page 17
REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
11 VOLUME CONTROL it adjust the volume of front panel headphone socket
12 MAIN BROWSING WINDOW: it give access to processor operation parameters, grouped into blocks
(block diagram)
13 NAVIGATION BUTTONS: click these buttons to navigate the Falcon 50 parameters
4.1 THE 'CORE' NAVIGATION SYSTEM
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
-BR DIGITAL OUTPUT
neor ES
SELECT R DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
DIGITAL MPX MPX
INPUT SETUP DUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION® SYSTEM MSETU
The Pc Remote Control Software employs a philosophy of displaying information on the block diagram,
which diagrammatically shows the relationship of various parts of the system. Navigation through the system
is intuitive by clicking on the blocks, for easy access to higher detailed block diagrams and property pages.
The default screen shows the complete loop, from the Input stages (analog or digital) to the audio and MPX
outputs.
4.2 HOW TO NAVIGATE THRU BLOCKS AND CONTROLS
By Pc KEYBOARD - ARROWS keys: move among blocks. Selected block is shown in inverted colors.
- ENTER key. It has a dual function: to allow access to selected block, and to save a
new parameter or function value.
- ESC key: allows you to exit a menu sublevel (exit without saving)
By MOUSE - single click selectes the block / item
- double click opens the property page associated (when existing). A mouse double
click has the same result as the ENTER button.
By Navigation WA The four arrows move among blocks. Selected block is shown in
buttons (Extended 7 inverted colors.
mode only) The ENTER key has a dual function: to allow access to selected
block, and to save a new parameter or function value.
4.3 HOW TO SCROLL THE PARAMETER VALUES
By Pc KEYBOARD Using the [+] / [-] keys
By MOUSE Scrolling the mouse wheel
By Navigation
buttons (Extended
mode only)
Using Less/ More buttons
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REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
44 HOW TO MODIFY A TEXT FIELD
Once entered the editable dialogue mask:
Click the desired label/line to be edited
SAVE PRESET
double click the or press ENTER (either on the Pc keyboard or on the Remote Control Software mask) to
edit it:
SAWE PRESET
Preset: S8-USER- B8
NETO [ES EF. - 6
JESC]
type the text. Press Left / Right arrows to move the cursor.
Press BACKSPACE to get back to the previous character.
To delete one of more of typed characters, press BACKSPACE one or more times (as much as are the
character to be modified) and then type the new character(s): the existing ones will be overwritten.
Press Enter to stop the editing mode and discard the remaining part of the text.
Click OK / Esc to confirm/exit without saving.
Page 19
REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
45 THE TOP BAR
POO - PEAK LIMITER 30 Jun.2004 09:50 |
With a reliable connection established, the top bar on the main Remote Software screen shows, on the left
hand, the Preset currently on air.
It is displayed as Pnn - PRESET NAME (where P identifies one of the 50 presets which come from the
factory and which can not be altered by the user) or as Unn - RESET NAM (where U identifies one of the 50
presets which are user - customized).
Factory presets range from 00 to 49, while User presets range from 50 to 99.
The Calendar and the Clock show the present date and time of processor.
The Falcon 50 clock may be synchronize to the Pc system clock using the PC Clock Synchronize function
available form the SETUP panel in the Navigator screen.
46 THE METERING SCREEN
The top half of the Remote Application window contains the Metering Screen.
The screen displays the audio levels and control signals within the Falcon 50 FM in realtime; this makes it
easy for you to adjust each processing block and immediately see the effect (if any) on the audio.
Peak Indicator — The thin line on the Level Meters that holds the peak level can be turned on and off with
the box from the CONFIG window.
For further details refer to I/O audio and MPX Setup chapters.
Page 20
REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
47 THE LOOKUP TABLE
{| Analog Input /Digital Input show the activa audio input, according to
the setting done in the INPUT SELECTION menu
AGC Gated and MBAND Gated light on when AGC and Multiband stage
run in a Gated condition.
MPX Limiter signals limiting is applied to the Composite MPX signal.
ALARM signalling may be associated to occurence of multiple events, as
per the SETUP screen on the Navigator bar
50us / 75 us EMPHASIS indicate the Preemphasis time in use.
—
we
ae
He
pie
d
a
ue
4.8 PREFERENCES
Click (conre | button on the main screen. The Config screen display the following options:
¿LOW REFRESH KATE
- |f selected, the option ‘Slow Refresh Rate’ allows you to select a slower refresh speed than the default
one (10 Hz instead of 30 Hz) in displaying the Vu Meter on the screen. Choose the slow speed (10 Hz) if
the higher speed does not allow smooth display of the meters or when using Pcs with poor performance.
- |f selected, the option ‘Stay On Top’ will always keep the control program window in the foreground of
the desktop.
4.9 HOWTO DISCONNECT FROM THE PROCESSSOR
From the CONFIG page, click
button. Upon request, it will terminate any connection you have running.
4.10 HOW TO CLOSE THE ‘CONFIGURATION’ PANEL
Click the button in the Configuration panel to get back to the Navigation panel It
will not stop the current connection with the processor.
Page 21
REMOTE CONTROL SCREEN - OVERVIEW ENG
4.11 HOW TO CLOSE & MINIMIZE THE SOFTWARE SCREEN
The Remote Control software provides standard Windows controls to minimize and exit.
They are provided at the right top corner of the screen.
4.12 THE 'ABOUT' INFORMATION SCREEN
The About screen displays pertinent information about the Remote Application, including the version
number.
Epi s
It can be recalled by clicking the question Mm. at the right top corner of the screen.
Page 22
PASSWORDS 8 RIGHTS TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR ENG
5 PASSWORDS 8: RIGHTS TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR
5.1 USER PROFILES
The Falcon 50 FM provides five levels of security, ranging from absolutely no access to any of the
processing adjustments and parameters to full access to all functions. These FIVE levels (each one having
its own rights associated) are indicated as Guest, Broadcaster, Advanced User, Technician and
Administrator.
ADMINISTRATOR
TECHNICIAN
ADVANCED USER
BROADCASTER
GUEST
Grants full access. All functions and parameters can be monitored and
adjusted from this level. Also, the Administrator is fully allowed to set
Processor password to grant or denies access to the other users (SYSTEM
page). Once this level is selected, be careful because you can make a good
mess of things.
It provides the same access as Adminstrator Level, but with the exception of
the SYSTEM page (user access/rights management).
It provides access to AUTOMATION and to AUDIO PROCESSOR blocks. The
Advanced User is therefore allowed to to make processing (i.e. sound) changes
and to make scheduling changes. He/her is not allowed to modify Input/Output
signal levels.
It permits all processing parameters to be viewed but not adjusted. In addition,
the processing curve may ba chosen among the available (preset) ones and
scheduled from the SCHEDULER page.
is the total “lockout” level. It allows the viewing of signal meter activity (audio
input level, band levels, etc) on the software screen but it provides no access
to all processing functions. This is a “very basic' level, which can not be set
from the SYSTEM page.
5.2 HOW TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR AS ‘GUEST’ USER
To access the processor as the 'Guest' user type 'GUEST' in the User Name field of Connection dialogue
mask and keep the Password field void.
User Name
[GUEST -|
Password
| [ Remember Password
Page 23
PASSWORDS 8 RIGHTS TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR ENG
5.3 CHANGING PASSWORDS FOR ACCESSING THE PROCESSOR
NOTES ON PASSWORDS
Passwords only provide security if you use them. Distribute passwords only to station
personnel only when they must have access to Falcon 50 functions.
If you change your passwords and forget them, you have a significant, but not
impossible problem.
You can restore the Falcon 50 to factory defaults using an Initialization procedure.
In doing so, you will erase all of your custom programming and processing settings.
Initialization procedure should only be used as a last resort as it erases ALL current
processor settings.
Upon initial power up, the Falcon 50 is set at the factory default, Password Security Level ADMINISTRATOR
(indicated as ADMIN in the LOCAL / REMOTE connections masks, requiring NO password at the first
access).
User Name
Im MIN -Y |
Password
| [ Remember Password
Leaving empty the Password field of ADMIN user means keeping the protection
Dx system of Falcon 50 unactive. It is therefore highly suggested to associate a
TT Password to the ADMIN user in order to grant the access to the Falcon 50 according
to given user profiles.
To access the Change Password Sub-menu, press the SYSTEM button.
SYSTEM
A special window will appear.
If You have got connection to the Falcon 50 for the first time as ADMIN default profile, as soon as You enter
the SYSTEM page You will be requested to assign a password to the ADMIN user itself.
Name : ADMIN
Level : Administrator
[npo OK
NOTE: the ADMIN user is always present in the system and can not be deleted/modified. Anyway, You may
create new users holding the same ‘ADMINISTRATOR’ rights and having different name(s).
Page 24
PASSWORDS 8 RIGHTS TO ACCESS THE PROCESSOR ENG
Once entered the ADMIN's password, the next screen will give PASSHORD LEVEL
the administrator the possibility to enter multiple user name (f.i. USA ADMIN
À . : JOHN FLORENCE ADMIN
Jack, David, John, Paul, Henry, etc) each one with its own | mauerce DIVING TECHN
password and Security level (Broadcaster, Advanced User, DAVID WIEN BROAD
Technician, etc). PAUL DOCTOR ADUSR
CHRIS COFFEE TECHN
MICHAEL CS16 ADUSR
MARK DELAY BROAD
EVENTS
5.4 LOGIN LIST
The administrator may always get the list of last 12 acces to the unit. For each access (login), user name,
user's level (Technician, Admnistrator, Advanced User, etc), time and date are shown in the LOGINS page
(to get it, press LOGINS button at the bottom of the SYSTEM screen).
When multiple access from the same user are registrered, only the last access is displayed (i.e.
previous access are overwritten).
LEVEL
15/12/04
15/12/04
15/12/04
15/12/04
15/12/04
15/12/04
--J----
Page 25
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6 AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION
This Chapter presents all parameters related to processor audio input (either analog or digital).
Before starting, make sure the unit is running all the default parameters values, as set in the
factory at the delivery time.
6.1 HOW TO SWITCH BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL AUDIO SOURCES
The Falcon 50 features two inputs: analog and digital. The analog source is selected by default.
Double click the INPUT SELECT block to access all parameters/settings related to Selection between Inputs.
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
E-BRND DIGITRL OUTPUT
RUDIO
au M PROCESS DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
PRESETS
DIGITAL MPX MPX
INPUT SETUP OUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM MSETUP
The selection between inputs may be achieved manually, may be triggered by a fault on the selected source
or it may be forced by activating one of six GP Input, accordingly to SOURCE SELECTION menu.
PRIMARY INPUT SOURCE FAULT ON
OATES ODisital El NoSource
DLowSource
SOURCE SELECTION DUnbalSrc
Switch Mode: Manual
FAULT TIME
PROC PRE-EMPHASIS FTime: 20s
Dorf E 56us D 75uS RTime: 3s
UNDO
-— SOURCE SELECTION --- Manual - The input source is selected manually and no actions are taken in the
event of source failure.
E On Fault - The Falcon 50 will automatically switch on the stand-by (alternative)
audio source according to the events listed in the ‘FAULT ON’ menu
--- ExternalCmd1 - Switching from primary to stand- by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 1 on GP INPUT interface
--- ExternalCmd2 - Switching from primary to stand by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 2 on GP INPUT interface
--- ExternalCmd3 - Switching from primary to stand by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 3 on GP INPUT interface
--- ExternalCmd4 - Switching from primary to stand by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 4 on GP INPUT interface
--- ExternalCmd5 - Switching from primary to stand by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 5 on GP INPUT interface
--- ExternalCmd6 Switching from primary to stand by (secondary) source is triggered by
suitable trigger command applied to Input 6 on GP INPUT interface
Page 26
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.2 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING BETWEEN SOURCES
When selecting the 'ON FAULT' option in the SOURCE SELECTION menu, switching between audio
sources (primary and secondary) will be controlled by a built-in audio detector stage.
With four independent and permanent circuits, the Falcon 50 constantly monitors both L & R channels on
each input (Primary and Secondary).
When one of the following consitions occur (according to the FAULT ON menu selection):
- the Primary Input (both the channels) extinguishes
- the Primary Input (both the channels) falls below the threshold (typically set to around —35 dBm),
- the difference between Left and Right channel on the primary input exceeds 20 dB
the fail timer is started. Whether the fail time (FTIME) elapses without the signal recovering, then the Falcon
50 switches from the one to the other input ONLY whether a valid signal is present on the Secondary
(stand-by) input.
|--- FAULT ON --- NoSource - With ‘On fault’ option selected in the SOURCE SELECTION menu,
the Falcon 50 will switch on the secondary input in the event the
primary source extinguishes for a time longer than the Fault Time (see)
LowSource - With ‘On fault’ option selected in the SOURCE SELECTION menu,
the Falcon 50 will switch on the secondary input in the event the
primary source level runs under threshold (set at around - 35 dB)
for a time longer than the Fault Time (see)
UnbalSRC - With ‘On fault’ option selected in the SOURCE SELECTION menu, the
Falcon 50 will switch on the secondary input in the event the difference
on levels between Left and Right channels exceeds 20 dB for a time
longer than the Fault Time (see)
The ‘silence’ time duration on the Primary input before the Falcon 50 switches (Fault TIME) is adjustable
from 5 to 60 seconds (by step of 5 seconds) by means of FTIME control in the FAULT TIME menu.
Once the Falcon 50 has switched from Primary to Secondary input, the Primary input may be kept monitored
till the Primary audio input resumes. Also when Primary audio appears, a time ranging from 1 to 10 seconds
may be awaited before inverse switching (from Secondary to Primary) is performed.
FAULT TIME FTime [5,10,...60 sec] - With ‘On fault’ option selected in the SOURCE SELECTION menu,
the Falcon 50 will switch on the secondary input in the event the
Primary source stays below the threshold for a time longer than the
FTime
Rtime [1,2....10 sec] - With ‘On fault’ option selected in the SOURCE SELECTION menu,
once the Falcon 50 has switched from Primary to Secondary input,
also when Main audio appears, a time equal to Rtime will be awaited
before inverse switching (from Secondary to Primary) is performed.
HINTS & TIPS
Since silence is often a part of normal audio, preset (typical) fail time is around 20 seconds. However time as
long as one minute may be set. In order to ignore momentary levels above the threshold when re-connecting
equipment the restore time for audio is generally set at around 10 seconds, but it may be also easily altered
to longer times.
A full set of alarms (i.e. contact closing and relay switching) may also be triggered for external use.
Page 27
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.3 HOW TO TRIGGER ALARMS ON IN THE EVENT OF INPUT AUDIO FAILURES
The Falcon 50 has wide alarm and signalling capabilities. In particular, audio failure on primary or secondary
sources may trigger several alarms, according to the options selected from the SETUP window (the SETUP
tab is listed in the bar undeneath the central Navigator window).
COMMUNICATION auTonRTION lE SYSTEM
An alarm condition may occur either on PRIMARY INPUT FAILURE (P.I.F.) or SECONDARY INPUT
FAILURE (S.I.F.) or both.
An alarm condition will turn on the ALARM signalling on the Remote Control screen
and the front panel 'ALARM' LED:
OPERATE PC-LINK ALARM POWER
LJ o LJ LJ
STATUS
Beside turning on that ALARM signalling, each one of the two TTL OUTPUTS may be associated to
individual Input Failures (see TTL OUTPUT 1 in the example screen here below) or to a generic Alarm
condition, as set in the ALARM ON menu (see TTL OUTPUT 2 in the example screen here below).
REAL TIME CLOCK ALARM ON
OPC Clock Synchronize O Temp.
a
TTL OUTPUT 1 E S.1.F.
s Tov : DClirrins
Event: Primary Inr Fail. Madsen:
TTL OUTPUT 2 TEMPERATURE
Event: On Alarm E +40°C
UNDO
Alarm will clear itself immediately upon return of input audio.
NOTE: The alarm condition may be also associated to other events, such as extra-temperature, MPX signal
clipping or the MPX modulation level is below 100% for some reason. Ref to ALARM ON menu.
Page 28
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.4 SETTING THE PROCESS PREEMPHASIS
The frequency characteristic of L & R outputs (either analog or digital) and of MPX outputs can assume
either a flat frequency response, or can follow a selected pre-emphasis curve.
For FM broadcasting worldwide, some form of pre-emphasis boost is employed. Generally it is 50us or 75us.
In Europe, Australia, and New Zealand 50us is employed, while for North and South America 75ys is used.
When ‘flat’ mode is engaged (Preemphasis = Off), this yields a signal with a flat frequency characteristic, but
with an output ceiling that exactly follows the inverse of the pre-emphasis curve. Doing so, if the signal is
again pre-emphasized in an external stereo generator or exciter, the transmitted signal will have proper pre-
emphasis and spectral protection.
The actual pre-emphasis time is indicated on the Process Pre-emphasis menu.
The pre-emphasis can be changed will relative ease from the same menu if, for some reason, the unit is to
be operated at a preemphasis which is different to that as supplied
PROCESS PRE-EMPHASIS _ |--- Off - The whole Falcon 50 process is completely flat
M 50 uS - The Falcon 50 process is preemphasized according to 50 us curve
M 75 uS - The Falcon 50 process is preemphasized according to 75 us curve
Page 29
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.5 ANALOG INPUT SET-UP
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
T DIGITAL OUTPUT
ig
SELECT DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
DIGITAL MPX MP
INPUT SETUP OUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM MSETUP
INPUT MODE
E Stereo
OMono L+R
OMono L
PHASE ROTATOR OMono R
Rotation Level: ort
HIGH PASS FILTER O Invert L
30Hz HP Filter: Disabled O Invert R
UNDO
6.5.1 SETTING THE INPUT MODE (MONO, STEREO, SWAP, ETC)
The INPUT MODE menu contains all controll which can be applied to the analog audio source.
The STEREO mode is the common operating mode.
With MONO L option activated, the left signal will feed both left and right output signal paths.
With MONO R option activated, the right signal will feed both left and right output signal paths.
With MONO L+R option activated, the stereo input signal will be mixed to mono and it will feed both output
signal paths.
The SWAP L/R control swaps Left and Right channels (L becomes R and R becomes L).
INVERT L (and INVERT R) inverts the polarity (i.e. reverse the phase) of respective XLR jacks (pin 2 to 3
and 3 to 2).
6.5.2 HIGH PASS FILTER
The Falcon 50 FM input stage also allows to switch on or off a High Pass Filter with 30 Hz frequencies cut-
off. The Filter may be proven useful for eliminating wind noise, traffic rumble, and AC mains hum. For most
voice applications the filter can be left activated. For wide bandwidth signals, such as music, the filter should
be used only as necessary.
Page 30
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.5.3 PHASE ROTATOR
The Phase Rotator circuits, when utilized, can assist in eliminating vocal distortion during periods of heavier
processing needs. These specialized delay circuits create a “flywheel” effect on a certain range of
frequencies. In this case, audio within the main vocal range of 300 Hz to 2 KHz will change in phase as
frequency increases through the set passband.
The reason for using phase rotators is to address a problem created by the human voice. Some human
voices (particularly male voices) exhibit as much as 6dB asymmetry in their waveform, while typical ‘musical’
signals are symmetric.
As asymmetric clipped signals result in a more unpleasant 'sound' to the ear than the symmetric clipped
ones, a filter designed to convert asymmetric waveforms into symmetric ones would be very recommended.
Even better, it would be highly recommend to pre-process the live speech (as captured by studio
microphones) through dedicated VOICE PROCESSORS, that are situated between the microphone(s) and
the broadcast mixing console (see figure).
© = = 2
EH" |eeo000060000000000500
e a
VOICE PROCESSOR
Whenever no voice processors are available and the ‘speech’ material (as sourced by microphones)
is directly passed to the processor inputs, You may activate the phase rotator input stage, that removes
the asymmetrical waveforms from the incoming audio signal, thus giving significant improvements on speech
processing and removing any distortion.
Although the ‘Phase Rotator stage is a special all-pass filter designed to properly modify live speech
material, it may be set as 'enabled' even when ‘music’ signals are processed, as it doesn't affect in a
perceivable mode the most part of that kind of signals. However, we suggest to keep it off in every “all music’
station, when no live speech interventions are performed.
Three rotation levels are provided, each one having different impact on the ‘live’ speech material. Without
being involved in mathematical explanations, we suggest to try all the levels and choose the one which best
fits the actual program material being fed to the processor. The Phase Rotator is set OFF as default.
In addition to the Phase Rotator stage, the Falcon 50 features a Speech Detector stage able to
recognize speech components inside the incoming audio and to automatically adjust processing
parameters for best result. Refer to relevant Chapter.
All factory Presets have Speech Detector stage activated (even if at different levels).
Page 31
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.5.4 A/D CONVERSION SETUP — QUICK START
With any audio signal processing equipment it is necessary to ensure adequate signal level is used through
the device, to avoid sacrificing noise performance.
ADJUSTING THE CLIPPING POINT
The first step in the Falcon 50 Input calibration consists in stating the Analog-to-Digital Clip level. The Clip
Level (or “fullscale digital") is a hard digital ceiling above which no signal can go. That is, the highest level
attainable in a digital system (a word of all binary 1's). It is also indicated as O dBFS.
Distortion occurs once the audio level is louder than what the A/D chip can read (“above” O dBFS — see
curve on the right in the figure), while too low Signal-to-Noise ratios are achieved whenever the clip level is
set too high in respect of the input signal.
The clipping point should be adjusted in such a way that the processor clipping level fits the clipping
point of the audio system / chain (mixing console, audio changeovers, matrix/routers, etc) feeding
the processor input.
Use care and attention in setting this adjustment.
To calibrate the Clipping Point using Program audio material, do the following:
1) Feed the processor input with the highest undistorted audio level. Tipically, You get this worst
condition by raising-up all sliders on the mixing console or turning up the output volume of signal routers,
changeovers, etc chained with the console.
2) Adjust the Clipping Point parameter in the Falcon 50 menu so that on program peaks the input meters
indicate approximately —1 or -2 dB. The top level on the meters correspond to the A/D converter clipping
point. Proper input levels for the Falcon 50 should have the second and third red meter indicators light
on.
3) Recover standard source levels and pay attention to the peak working zone.
If the peak ranges between —15 dB and -10 dB, the input stage is correctly tuned. Otherwise, re-adjust
the Clipping level so that peaks in standard operation match the above condition(in particular, they never
overpass — 10 dB).
Minimum Headroom allowed by the system is 6 dB. That is, the condition (ClippingPoint —
Adref)>=6dB is automatically enforced.
Page 32
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
ADJUSTING THE A/D REFERENCE LEVEL
1) Feed the processor input with audio material at a standard level (normally 0 Vu on the mixing console
meters).
2) Select one of the factory default processing curves. It is recommended to setup the processor input
using the same curve as in the normal operation.
3) Adjust the A/D reference level so that on program peaks the AGC meters indicate approximately — 10
dB gain reduction.
The A/D REFERENCE parameter acts as a SENSIBILITY control. Thus, feeding the Falcon 50 FM with a
0 dBu signal and having the A/D Reference point set at — 10 dBu, the cascaded AGC stage will compensate
for 10 dB with the AGC Drive control set to 0.
Minimum headroom is 6 dB. Clipping the input signal will generate an ALARM if the ‘CLIPPING’
option is selected in the ALARM ON menu included in the SETUP screen.
As optimal working level, it is advised to set the Clipping Point so that the input signal peak ranges between
— 10 and — 15 dB on the Input meters.
It is strongly suggested to monitor the Input meters for reasonably long time, in order to fit in the best way the
input signal trend.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
On professional analog consoles, 0 VU on the console meter often equates to the professional reference
level of +4 dBu.
So, for example, if the line level inputs are calibrated to +4 dBu = -16 dBFS, then +20 dBu = 0 dBFS. Thus,
an input level greater than +20 dBu would cause the converter to distort.
By setting the clipping point to, f.i., + 18 dBu, if the XLR input analog PEAK level is as high as +18 dBu,
which is 6.16Volt RMS, this will give a OdBFS reading. Top red LED indicates OdBFS. From 0 dBFS to -
60dBFS the readout resolution is 1dB. From —5 dBFS to 60dBFS the readout is indicated by green LEDs.
It is recommended to adjust the input signal to a maximum, peak value of —12dBFS. This means that the
meter normally reads out 'green' values. In this way a 12 dB headroom is preserved.
EXAMPLES
Having set the Clipping Point at + 20 dBu and reading out — 20 dB on the Analog input meter, the signal
being fed is 0 dBu (no matter of A/D Reference Point).
By re-adjusting the Clipping Point to + 10 dBu and keeping the input signal at 0 dBu, meters will read — 10
aB.
Having set the Clipping Point at + 24 dBu, for good operation the input signal can range up to + 10 dBu, thus
keeping 14 dB of headroom.
Page 33
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.6 DIGITAL INPUT SET-UP
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
DIGITAL OUTPUT
INPUT y
AUDIO DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
SELECT MM process
DIGITAL MPX MPX
INPUT SETUP DUTS
COMMUNICATION MAUTOMATION YA. SYSTEM MSETUP
Double click the highlighted block:
INPUT MODE
E Stereo
isi f. : -15.0d6Fs I O Mono L+R
Disital Re s O Mono L
PHASE ROTATOR OMono R
Rotation Level: Off
HIGH PASS FILTER O Invert L
38Hz HP Filter: Disabled OlInvert R
UNDO
6.6.1 SETTING THE INPUT MODE (MONO, STEREO, SWAP, ETC)
The INPUT MODE menu contains all controll which can be applied to the analog audio source.
The STEREO mode is the common operating mode.
With MONO L option activated, the left signal will feed both left and right output signal paths.
With MONO R option activated, the right signal will feed both left and right output signal paths.
With MONO L+R option activated, the stereo input signal will be mixed to mono and it will feed both output
signal paths.
The SWAP L/R control swaps Left and Right channels (L becomes R and R becomes L).
INVERT L (and INVERT R) inverts the polarity (i.e. reverse the phase) of respective XLR jacks (pin 2 to 3
and 3 to 2).
6.6.2 HIGH PASS FILTER
The Falcon 50 FM input stage also allows to switch on or off a High Pass Filter with 30 Hz frequencies cut-
off. The Filter may be proven useful for eliminating wind noise, traffic rumble, and AC mains hum. For most
voice applications the filter can be left activated. For widebandwidth signals, such as music, the filter should
be used only as necessary.
Page 34
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.6.3 PHASE ROTATOR
The Phase Rotator circuits, when utilized, can assist in eliminating vocal distortion during periods of heavier
processing needs. These specialized delay circuits create a “flywheel” effect on a certain range of
frequencies. In this case, audio within the main vocal range of 300Hz to 2kHz will change in phase as
frequency increases through the set passband.
The reason for using phase rotators is to address a problem created by the human voice. Some human
voices (particularly male voices) exhibit as much as 6dB asymmetry in their waveform, while typical 'musical'
signals are symmetric.
As asymmetric clipped signals result in a more unpleasant 'sound' to the ear than the symmetric clipped
ones, a filter designed to convert asymmetric waveforms into symmetric ones would be very recommended.
Even better, it would be highly recommend to pre-process the live speech (as captured by studio
microphones) through dedicated VOICE PROCESSORS, that are situated between the microphone(s) and
the broadcast mixing console (see figure).
© = = 2
EH" |eeo000060000000000500
e a
VOICE PROCESSOR
Whenever no voice processors are available and the ‘speech’ material (as sourced by microphones)
is directly passed to the processor inputs, You may activate the phase rotator input stage, that removes
the asymmetrical waveforms from the incoming audio signal, thus giving significant improvements on speech
processing and removing any distortion.
Although the ‘Phase Rotator stage is a special all-pass filter designed to properly modify live speech
material, it may be set as 'enabled' even when ‘music’ signals are processed, as it doesn't affect in a
perceivable mode the most part of that kind of signals. However, we suggest to keep it off in every “all music’
station, when no live speech interventions are performed.
Three rotation levels are provided, each one having different impact on the ‘live’ speech material. Without
being involved in mathematical explanations, we suggest to try all the levels and choose the one which best
fits the actual program material being feeded to the processor.
Page 35
AUDIO INPUT SET-UP AND CALIBRATION ENG
6.6.4 DIGITAL INTERFACE SETUP — QUICK START
1) Choose the sampling resolution (16, 20 or 24 bits) which best fit the actual digital audio source.
2) Play program audio material from your studio, peaking at the level to which you normally peak program
material (typically OVU on analogue mixing consoles).
3) Select one of the factory default processing curves. It is recommended to setup the processor input
using the same curve as in the normal operation.
4) Adjust the Digital Reference level so that on program peaks the AGC meters indicate approximately —
10 dB gain reduction.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
If you use a tone to line the meters up with your console, then with your console's meters at OVU, set the
Digital Reference level control for either -18dBFS or -12dBFS on the Falcon 50's meters, depending on the
amount of desired headroom.
0 dBFS is the absolute highest voltage level that any particular A/D can convert. It produces the equivalent of
a digital code consisting of all 1s. No digital level can exceed O dBFS. A 0 dBFS voltage level and all levels
greater than this produce the same output code of all 1s.
On the contrary of analog signals, digital signals can range in the red meter zone without involving any
distortion or signal degradation.
The Digital Reference parameter has the same meaning as the Analog Reference parameter in the analog
input.
This is just a starting point, and you may want to alter this relationship.
The Digital Reference level affect both L + R channels simultaneously.
Page 36
AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
7 AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION
7.1 ANALOG OUTPUT CALIBRATION
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
6-BAND DIGITAL OUTPUT
JDI
iL pud PEE DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
PRESETS
DIGITAL HP HP
INPUT SETUP OUTS
COMMUNICATION M AUTOMATION® SYSTEM MSETUP
Double click the highlighted block:
D/A CONVERSION SETUP MONITOR
ClirFins Point: +15. @dBu E Input
D/A Reference : +00. dBu DEqualiser
D Compress
DE-EMPHASIS D Outrut
De-EmrFhasis Filter: Off OUT IMP
Group Delay Adjust: +GuS
OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION INTERNAL
OlIne @Proc OGen OMon GENERATOR
PRESS ‘ENTER’ TO CONFIRM AND EXIT UNDO
7.1.1 OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION
When INP (Input) is selected as output source, program audio completely bypasses the processing section
and the analog audio XLR jacks provide the signal at the input, according to the equipment block diagram.
The INP position defeats program audio pre-emphasis as well.
In the PROC position, this switch routes the input audio program signal through the whole processing
circuitry. It is the NORMAL OPERATING position.
With GEN source selected, the analog output is fed by selectable tones (sinewave) as stated in the
INTERNAL GENERATOR menu (see).
With MON source selected, the analog output is fed by the signal picked-up after the input stage, the
Equaliser stage, the Compressor stage or the final output stage, according to the selection done in the
Monitor box. For more details, refer to equipment block diagram.
7.1.2 DE-EMPHASIS & GROUP DELAY
Preemphasis may be selectively removed from the anaolog output by turning the De-emphasis filter to OFF.
Output Group Delay is adjustable within the range [0-3 uSec]
7.1.3 D/A CONVERSION SETUP
Clipping point (level) of output D/A converter should match the clipping point of connected (load) equipment.
Adjust the D/A reference control so that You match the input sensibility of target equipment.
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AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
7.1.4 MATCHING THE LOAD IMPEDANCE
The OUT IMP menu helps in matching at the best the actual input impedance of the load (transmitter, stereo
coder, exciter, etc) connected to the processor.
Havine the Falcon 50 analog outputs a typical source impedance of 50 Ohms, the output level varies by up
to 0.8 dB when connecting 600 Ohms loads rather than 10 K loads.
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AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
7.2 DIGITAL OUTPUT CALIBRATION
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT = =
6-BAND [DIGITAL OUTPUT)
AUDIO
au MN PROCESS DRE-IBOC OUTPUT
PRESETS
DIGITAL MPX HP
INPUT SETUP OUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM MSETUP
Double click the highlighted block:
DIGITAL OUTPUT REFERENCE OUT RATE
-15.8dBFs F: 44. 1KHz
DE-EMPHASIS OUT RES
De-Emphasis Filter: Off E q
Grour Delay Adjust: +3uS - oe
OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION INTERNAL
DInrut BProc OGen. GENERATOR
UNDO
7.2.1 OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION
When INP (Input) is selected as output source, program audio completely bypasses the processing section
and the analog audio XLR jacks provide the signal at the input, according to the equipment block diagram.
The INP position defeats program audio pre-emphasis as well.
In the PROC position, this switch routes the input audio program signal through the whole processing
circuitry. It is the NORMAL OPERATING position.
With GEN source selected, the analog output is fed by selectable tones (sinewave) as stated in the
INTERNAL GENERATOR menu (see).
7.2.2 DE-EMPHASIS & GROUP DELAY
Preemphasis may be selectively removed from the anaolog output by turning the De-emphasis filter to OFF.
Output Group Delay is adjustable within the range [0-3 uSec]
7.2.3 DIGITAL OUTPUT REFERENCE
It sets the output level. 0 dBFS always identifies the clipping point.
7.2.4 OUTPUT RATE
It sets the Sampling Rate of output signal. Default value is 44.1 KHz. Alternative values are [32,48, 64, 88.2,
96 Khz]. Note that the sampling rate may also be linked to the Synch Reference signal provided to the
SyncIN input connector. To do this, select EXT INP option in the OUT RATE menu box.
Alternatively, the output Sampling Rate may be the same as the AES/EBU input (i.e. changing the input
samplig rate causes the output sampling rate to change accordingly). To do this, choose INPSYNC option in
the OUT RATE menu box.
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AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
7.2.5 OUTPUT RESOLUTION
Default Output Resolution is 24 bits. It may be easily altered to 16 or 20 bits by means of the OUT RES
menu box
7.3 MPX OUTPUTS CONFIGURATION AND LEVELS
ANALOG ANALOG OUTPUT
INPUT
6-BAND DIGITAL OUTPUT
AUDI
SELECT PROCESS DAB-IBOC OUTPUT
PRESETS
DIGITAL A HP
INPUT S í OUTS
COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM MSETUP
Double clicking the MPX SETUP block You will get access to the all controls common to both outputs:
2% POWER CONTROL
Mex Pow Control: Off
Power Threshold: +00. BdB
PILOT CONTROL
Pilot Level : -26.6dB
Pilot Pha : +B0Des
OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION INTERNAL
DInrut Proc OGen. GENERATOR
UNDO
7.3.1 OUTPUT SOURCE SELECTION
When INP (Input) is selected as output source, program audio completely bypasses the processing section
and the analog audio XLR jacks provide the signal at the input, according to the equipment block diagram.
The INP position defeats program audio pre-emphasis as well.
In the PROC position, this switch routes the input audio program signal through the whole processing
circuitry. It is the NORMAL OPERATING position.
With GEN source selected, the analog output is fed by selectable tones (sinewave) as stated in the
INTERNAL GENERATOR menu (see).
7.3.2 PILOT LEVEL AND PHASE
Pilot Level: The default is set to — 20 dB compared to the overall Stereo Composite MPX signal. Use the +/-
buttons to change this level within the range of —14 dB to — 26 dB, in 0.1 dB steps. The pilot signal may also
be disabled by using appropriate controls on the MPX OUTPUT blocks.
Pilot Phase may be adjusted from — 12.0 to + 12.0 degrees (Deg) in 1 degree steps. The Phase selection
allows you to adjust the phase relationship between the 19kHz pilot and the 38kHz modulator. This can be
used to correct for inconsistencies among different transmitters
7.3.3 SELECTABLE MPX ATTENUATION
The amount of Composite MPX signal sourced by the Falcon 50 internal processing may be reduced by 1 to
10096 in selected steps in order to accomodate externally injected signals such as RDS and SCA while
maintaining constant the overall MPX level at the processor output.
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AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
In particular, the Falcon 50 control allows for MPX reduction in two steps completely user-definable and
associated to the activation of selectable Inputs on the General Purpose (GP) Input interface.
EXAMPLE
MPR ATTH Activating External Input 5 will cause the sourced Falcon 50 Composite signal to
be reduced by 6 %.
Inel: Ext
* a Activating External Input 3 will cause the sourced Falcon 50 Composite signal to
Atti: ^ be reduced by 9 %.
Activating either External Input 5 or External Input 3 at the same time will cause
the sourced Falcon 50 Composite signal to be reduced by 15 95.
NOTE: By choosing an attenuation factor of 100 96, the Falcon 50 processed composite signal will be totally
removed from the output.
7.3.4 MPX POWER LIMITER CONTROL (ITU 412)
The ITU BS-412 regulation aims to reduce the density of the modulated signal while maintaining the same
peak deviation level in order to ensure minimal or limited co-channel interference.
The BS-412 definition says:
"It is assumed that the maximum peak deviation of + 75 kHz is not exceeded. Moreover, it is assumed that
the power of the complete multiplex signal (including pilot-tone and additional signals) integrated over any
interval of 60 seconds is not higher than the power of a multiplex signal containing a single sinusoidal tone
which causes a peak deviation of + 19 kHz."
In essence, the regulation installs a 12dB peak-to-average ratio on the processing.
It is possible to adjust the Falcon 50 Composite MPX outputs so that they will adhere to the BS-412
regulation.
WARNING!
The POWER LIMITER default setting is Off. Many European countries are enforcing
ITU-R 412 recommendation. However, if your country's laws do not require the use of
the MPX Power Limiter, make sure that the Power Control is set to off, or severe loss
of loudness will result!
E.g, whit the ITU BS-412 Power Limiter set to on at 0.0dB, there are approximately 5
to 8 dB loudness loss over the limiter being switched off!
To enable the output power limiting, turn the Mpx Power Control to ON. Power threshold can be then
increased from 0 to + 12 dB in steps by 0.1 dB.
The output power calculation does take into account the injection values of the Pilot, external RDS
signal and possible SCA signals.
The Falcon 50 FM presents several ITU-complaint presets, which have a density level fitting
at the best the subsequent Power Limiter stage.
To get the best result whit the Power Limiter stage, use Presets marked as 'ITU'.
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AUDIO OUTPUTS SET-UP & CALIBRATION ENG
7.4 MPX OUTPUT LEVELS AND MODES
[ MPX 1 OUTPUT LEVEL OUT MODE
+90. adBu E Stereo
O Mono
OL+R Mode
OL-R Mode
CLIPPER MPX OPilot
Clirrins Point : ONo Pilot
MPX 2 OUTPUT LEVEL
Outrut Level : +90.BdBu
MPH 4 OUTPUT LEVEL UNDO OK |
7.4.4 MPX 1 & MPX 2 OUTPUT LEVELS
Individual controls are provided for the two composite outputs. This will allow equipment requiring different
output levels to be adjusted appropriately. Refer also to the 8 7.3.3 for Attenuation controls.
7.4. CLIPPER MPX
Adjustable between 95 96 and 10596, the Clipper stage operates within the pre-pilot signal region and is
performed on the L+R and L-R signals before the pilot signal is inserted. This design guarantees that the
clipper action is clipping just the dynamic composite signal and never the pilot signal.
The Clipper stage may be also turned to OFF from the same menu. When off, the Composite Clipper circuit
is totally bypassed and removed from the system.
Whenever an ‘aggressive’ modulation (i.e. Density increment to the detriment of ‘Definition’) is desired, the
Clipping Point should be set « 100 96, while whenever a 'protective' modulation is requested, the Clipping
Point will be set » 100 96.
The Falcon 50 FM clipping stage is based on the principle of having a fixed clipping level and of expanding
(so applying a positive Gain) to the Modulated signal to be clipped or of reducing (so applying a negative
Gain) to the Modulated signal.
The applied Gain will be calculated according to the following formula:
Gain = 100 95 - Clipping Point paramater value.
F.I., having set the Clipping point parameter to 97%, the Gain will be 100 % - 97% = 3%, thus yielding to a
Density increment by 3 %. The Modulation level is kept at the 100 96.
On the contrary, setting the Clipping Point to f.i. 104%, the applied gain will be 100 % - 104% =- 4%.
Without Clipper stage activated, the Modulation peaks will overpass by 2 or 3 KHz the 100 % limit.
It is highly suggested to set the Clipping Point to the default value of 100 96, thus avoiding any modulation
distortion and preserving at the most the processed sound quality.
The Clipping Point range has been designed so that even setting it to 95 96 the Pilot Protection factor
exceeds 60 dB.
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THE INTERNAL GENERATOR ENG
7.4.3 MPX OUTPUT MODES
MODE DESCRIPTION PURPOSE
STEREO Normal operating mode ON AIR
MONO Will remove the L-R portion of the composite signal and simply output the sum of ON AIR
the Left and Right audio inputs. Pilot is automatically switched off.
L+R Will output the Main part of the composite signal only plus the Pilot TEST
L-R Will output the Sub part of the composite signal only plus the Pilot TEST
PILOT Will output the Pilot tone only TEST
NO PILOT Will output the whole spectrum (Main and Sub parts) with the exception of the TEST
Pilot
8 THE INTERNAL GENERATOR
The Internal Generatorconfiguration page is accessible from the Analog Output, Digital Output and MPX
Setup pages.
GENERATOR FLOW CONTROL S
(o O 3øHz
O Left = -Risht O 166Hz
O Only Left Channel O 400Hz
O Only Risht Channel E iKHz
O 5KHz
SIGNAL MODULATION DO 1@KHz
Modulation : 0 15KHz
CHOOSE GENERATOR OPERATIVE MODE UNDOR ok |
The top right part of the tone generator display is the current tone frequency that is being synthesized. They
are placed either upper or below the pre-emphasis threshold.
Tone levels are programmable between 0 and 120% of total modulation. Output configuration may be
chosen in such a way to suppress Main or Sub part of Composite outputs for convenient measurements or
transmitter alignment and set-up.
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