For logistics, AAM presents transformative opportunities for both populated areas (e.g. last- mile deliveries) and remote areas (e.g. islands or offshore platforms). The latter initially offers better opportunities with lower risk (and is therefore the focus) as it allows for faster, more cost-effective and more environmentally friendly deliveries without any need for new infrastructure such as roads (hub- and-spoke-models are often implemented with flexible outlying points). This improves accessibility for remote communities, connecting them to other economies, which can lead to positive economic momentum. Affiliated missions also carry reduced risk; for instance, dangerous destinations do not need to be serviced by a person anymore, while remote areas generally do not require flying over densely populated areas. However, regulators need to approve beyond- visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) and simultaneous operations for multiple vehicles for this sector to be commercially viable in the long term. As cost savings through high-volume operations are unlikely, high levels of automation and multi-vehicle operations are essential prerequisites to achieve a sustainable business model. Until then, operations will be subsidized by local governments or other interest groups. In addition to advances in regulations, digital infrastructure should be developed on a global basis with common standards to enable tracking, mapping, and exchange of landing sites and flight paths – ideally in a uniform data structure. To leverage these data during operations, solid network connectivity (potentially satellite-based) in remote areas is a prerequisite. Logistics for remote areas enables a more egalitarian society through better access to more goods “for everyone”. These benefits do not only apply to emerging economies with limited road infrastructure. Developed economies can, among other benefits, improve the inclusion of people with reduced mobility, such as ageing populations, or decrease exposure for high-risk missions (e.g. offshore platform delivery). Due to the positive societal impact, there is very limited public opposition to remote logistics AAM use cases. 3.2 Logistics for remote areas Advanced Air Mobility: Shaping the Future of Aviation 14

Advanced Air Mobility 2024