3.1 Policy levers for competitive industrial ecosystems Infrastructure – Connectivity as the backbone of resilience FIGURE 5 Notes: 1 Fifth-generation wir eless telecommunications technology; 2 Application pr ogramme interface; 3 Inter net of things; 4 Small and medium-sized enterprisesCountry readiness factorLeading policies and interventionsExpected impact for supply chain imperatives Create integrated multi-modal logistics masterplans linking ports, airports, rail and r oads to str engthen infrastructur e quality and network efﬁciency1 Advance intelligent infrastructur e thr ough large-scale 5G1 deployment, AI-r eady data centr es and industrial connectivity to enable r eal-time pr oduction and ecosystem digitalization2 Establish special economic zones (SEZs) with shar ed “plug-and-play” infrastructur e, integrated digital capabilities (5G, IoT ,3 cyber pr otection), and r eliable clean energy grids3 Establish open-standar d industrial data protocols and APIs to enable secur e, interoperable intelligent infrastructur e that lowers SME4 integration costs and accelerates ecosystem-wide connectivity4 Integrate climate r esilience by strengthening and pr otecting assets against extr eme weather events and implementing clear actions to mitigate their impact5 Structur e long-term public-private partnerships to ﬁnance capex-intensive infrastructur e, mobilizing private investment, sharing long-term risk and accelerating delivery of critical national assets6A real-time digital backbone – based on 5G, data centr es, data protocols and open API2 – synchr onizes suppliers, partners and pr oduction nodes for seamless orchestration Reduced logistical lead times and plug-and-play industrial zones enable industries to deploy small, ﬂexible factories acr oss r egions, with minimal barriers, for a distributed network Climate r esilient and cyber secur e ports, r oads and energy grids ensur e operational continuity during disruptions, pr otecting both revenue and r eputationInfrastructur e Resour ces and energy Technology and innovation Labour and skills Sustainability Fiscal and regulatory Geopolitical landscape Global Value Chains Outlook 2026: Orchestrating Corporate and National Agility 20