Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Technology Technology descriptionTechnology readiness level (TRL) TRL rationale Use cases Use case source(s) Water alkalinizationPulverized silicate and/or carbonate minerals are introduced to the surface of water bodies, such as seas, rivers and ponds. The pulverization of these minerals increases their surface area, enhancing the natural absorption of CO2 from the water.3 Deloitte analysis Multiple initiatives are actively stimulating research to enable field testing in the ocean, rivers, ponds and water bodies.Captura is a developer of a carbon removal system designed to extract excess CO2 from the atmosphere through ocean-based processes. The company offers proprietary electrodialysis technology that removes measurable carbon streams without generating waste or requiring feedstocks, enabling carbon credit buyers and producers of low-carbon products to access scalable, ocean-safe carbon removal.Captura, 2021. Captura: ocean-based carbon dioxide removal Cement & Concrete Technology Technology descriptionTechnology readiness level (TRL) TRL rationale Use cases Use case source(s) Alkali-activated binders (geopolymers)Geopolymer cement is a low carbon alternative to typical Portland cement. Geopolymers remove limestone from the chemical equation, a high embodied CO2 mineral that is released during cement manufacture.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideTerra CO2 is a manufacturer of low-carbon geopolymer cement alternatives intended to serve the construction industry to reduce emissions in concrete production. The company offers scalable supplementary cementitious materials made from abundant silicate rocks, enabling clients to replace Portland cement, lower CO2 emissions and maintain cost and performance efficiency.Terra CO2 Technologies, 2016. Terra CO2: next- generation cement alternatives Bio-cement Bio-cement is a type of cement made from natural materials, such as calcium carbonate, that are renewable and sustainable. Unlike traditional cement, which is made from limestone and clay, bio-cement is produced using less energy and generates fewer emissions, making it a more environmentally- friendly alternative. Bio-cement can be used in construction, paving and other applications, and can improve the sustainability and resiliency of buildings and infrastructure.5 Deloitte analysis Lab scale R&D.Biomason is a developer of a building materials technology designed to harness biology to produce high-quality concrete, replace Portland cement and cut carbon emissions. The company’s technology combines natural microorganisms and chemical processes to develop masonry materials at room temperature, which helps replace traditional clay and concrete and the energy consumption associated with standard manufacturing them, enabling builders to acquire alternative building materials that are produced carbon-free.Biomason, 2012. Biomason: biologically-grown masonry materials for construction Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 58