Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Technology Technology descriptionTechnology readiness level (TRL) TRL rationale Use cases Use case source(s) Calcined clay Calcined clay is a material that is produced by heating raw clay to high temperatures in a kiln. This process removes moisture and organic material and causes the clay to undergo chemical and physical changes that improve its properties, such as porosity, particle size distribution and surface area. Calcined clay can be used as a building material, filler, or additive in various industries, including ceramics, plastics, rubber and construction. In the construction industry, calcined clay can be used as a replacement for Portland cement in the production of low-carbon concrete. This results in a reduction in the carbon footprint of concrete and improved mechanical properties, such as strength and durability.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideMaterrup is helping to reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector. The company uses a rupture technology that converts excavated earth and clay into low-carbon concrete for construction and urban planning, enabling on-site developers to decarbonize construction and establish a sustainable city.Materrup, 2018. Materrup: low-carbon cement solutions Chemical absorptionChemical absorption involves the reaction between CO2 and a chemical solvent. Amine- based solvents are the most advanced CO2 separation technique.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideHeidelberg Materials (Norcem Brevik, Norway) using Aker Carbon Capture’s post-combustion amine scrubbing to capture 400,000 tonnes of CO2 annually from kiln flue gas; the facility is part of Norway’s Longship programme and was officially opened in mid-June 2025, with CO2 sent to Northern Lights for storage.Aker Solutions, 2020. Awarded contract for the Brevik carbon capture project CO2-based building materialsCarbon dioxide captured can be used to produce building material such as concrete.9 IEA, 2025. CO2 Capture and UtilisationCarbonCure is a developer of CO2 utilization technology designed to help solve climate change and reduce carbon footprint. The company’s retrofit technology chemically sequesters waste CO2 during the concrete manufacturing process to make greener and stronger concrete, enabling ready-mix producers to make low-carbon concrete, gain a competitive advantage, grow their business with the green building market and reduce the embodied carbon footprint in the environment.CarbonCure, 2012. CarbonCure: carbon mineralization technologies for concrete CO2 curing in concrete (carbon sequestration)Carbon dioxide is injected into an absorption chamber where it reacts with steel slag within concrete to permanently capture and convert that CO2 into carbonates.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideFortera is a manufacturer of cement products intended to contribute to the global goal of reducing CO2 emissions. The company’s cement is made through the process of capturing industrial CO2 emissions from kilns and mineralizing it. This provides improved performance characteristics compared to the traditional ones, enabling industries to lower the overall carbon footprint in construction.Fortera, 2010. Fortera: low-carbon cement innovation and manufacturing Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 59