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Analysis of the Proceedings at Sciacca, ioc. cit. " 5
_'.._ __ ,'§.;:;.i V' Iahi. " e. :.. r '- :'l': -121;.-3-1Analysis of the Hearing of April 15, 1934, 10c. cit.
Analysis
Ibid.
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Analysis of the Hearing of igiprii 15, 1994, 10¢. cit.
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113 *1 ifnu" Tho Neigr York "Iim98, January 10' 19583 AP I
- ... ., ' 3' 7 -": ».. .-92 .4. ' -'1-The New York TimB?',».JanuarYA12, 1953» P- 105'
' * Z . there . .Robert Tallani, @ Harper B. *¥.'?:..,,"
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i lfé Mfhlt,/"f..'.F72dZ¢77Z - umrso st firs GOVEItNMENT -
TU = Fir, 1,, H_ _1§c]montt92 DATE= July 9, 1958
_- _Tuls0hi.....-.--, < BoardmunHm.921 : W» C- S-tllivantt-i-.'
Net!!! __..__' rq gun-son! __._...!~'L'B_]I.-L"'I': MAFIA T212? "212 JEl921l.1?.AL EESE/tiigti it-'1./92.'l"lEl?_ rt. 'W. S litv
13 /C. u an ..
" Teie.Roorn__.
114 l§.}1pmval requested for captioned nionograph to be disseminated §§i'§§ :
liti all fiettl offices, Legal Attziehes, the Attorney General, and Harry J. Anslinger,liornniissioneroi the Bureau of ltareotics, U. S. Treasury Department, in View of his
lzh terest in and cooperation in furnishing va.1ualJ1e information concerning the Maa.
123 This I11r!I10{_{,'111ph, prelmretl hy the Central Research Section, is in two
Zticctions. The first section is It study oi t.he origin, nature, and activities of the Maa
28 its native Sicily as a t:1.r_"-;g_§1'o1n|r.l to the 192/lafizi in the United States. The second '
2r?e .'tion erqllains how it was-5 t]"Zl.Il.E]lifl_lltCT_i to the United States, sets forth its past and _éghesent m:ti.vit,iesi|» this <-ountrji, and descrilges the form through which itcontinues. .
26 . . . . . . . .-, "- S]>'.*l£Lt .~.OCi1}lt~-' t_ll'~"iZIiitt ltlt§ are t'.1l.l.IH,' tnlten 1.11 connection with thisL7 . . .!~_;,-;oin;>;_§_r;@;~Pi. The copies ole the 1w'»ne§i;1-apli ,V.lii he nnnil-?=e1*ed to insure full control of |Z9. Each SAC will he advised that he is wholly responsible for the security of this
3 1 1 _t1oi10g>:rapl1; that he must be responsilile for the C|1E11{_"It.il!f out of copies of the monograph
111 Agents and forthe return of these copies from the Agents when they have been
%§;t1ied.
gr; In the SAC Letter :.1.*nu_>n|1ci.ng the tra,:ismi.tt.a.i of this monograph to the
3f5e1~.l office s, SACS are t;ei_n;; j;ultiOllO i that ! none of the information contained in the
ve sections of the 1nono§_:rapl1 is to he disclosed to or discussed with anyone who is
Jit an employee of the Fill, and '2! complete secrecy is to he given to the monographiiiself. It is l_.ein§_: pointed out that these measures are made necessary due to the
H 1 1 . -| 1 - - I - »- I 1 1| 1 1. .
. . ' 5 5 . -;§i921Ll1Cl[§|l .]_ll{j given the n=".:u'1a at inis iinie. - ,_ 92 _ 92 Y, . , .§92",i J "t " 92_ '1"ht CH1-i£"?S of the r*011o;_;1':1.192'1 designated for the Attorney General and the
QQUFGHLI oi I~T:1.rcoti.c.s will he trz1.nsn1i.tter.l by cover niemorandum in which the recipients
u-gill be clearly and [ully en'.rti.one<l not to disclose the informationin the two sections
tt the monograph to any person other than the personnel of their own offices. Bothigecipients will also be cautioned that our Bureau as the source of this information must
.9-2 completely lirotectetl at all titties. W H RH-' ,3 __3
. . ' 1,,-}_ 1-, * ,nclosures M - /4
P i - . .It|!_ :.'1 11158H2B1:am1/ 1111111 92 ,~92 " anrt » . ._.»-= ... - - "P t " -""'"-'-" _ 1- ' _ .~alt ' i V £11 Ont 0 I 1' 4 ,--' , Q.-r if- 4 -I J/ "l "£'F""' H5 noojr ti !_1!,! r . I Hf _ 1' .__ ii Jgills .1. ,.111z.»an L ..- ._ ,- . 4 -, ,,-.11
5|? Section t1iCl{l01' ___=_»,..... I5 X.-T "r'"192i~¢*- J. M. Sizoo -S <-:1"l:ll. J-§-' _¬;L'!--Las
69 ,
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MAFIA
CENlRAL RESEARCH ]=-f{Al"1ER
9
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41 The ltiglwst 1:92.1111li1;:1' of copies 0! will go to the New York office. The
]1<?ston, C'l1it.:ng§r!, Clevsrlzlml, L-ct1'ui_t, L08 [92_11g;=.1les, Newzirk, and Philadelphia officesxligl catch .92", ",I,'.' 1'-ac 5 '. _i§!l¬3S. The 1r21ri:1inin;§ offices will each receive 2 copies. Thel%i§Fc5t liunihc 1 ! will go tn 09.011 l_i-'t:g*;:.il ft-,ttac1ie.
16
17 1 -lnestiplrttes are l>3in;§_{ retniriecl in the Central Research Section and, upon
:11;3;rova.l, this Section willarrnnge for printing and distribution. This lnonograph has
l?:9*n pir_.92of:~:1 l by the R *:1tHu{',' R<!o192i.
20
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59 _51%: ,This eecond section is concerned with the Malia in
United States Because oi the esoteric nature oi the Malia and
oi certain modifications which have appeared in this country,
explanatory statement relative to two basic termelglggg
Maiioai, "' is necessary
The term Mafia as used here includes the
American aoil from Sicily Italy, the shared criminal traditions,
customs and methods of a particular cieiss oi lawless Sicilians. IN-i,,
It includes the continuance oi essential blood ties, cultural
intermarriages, racial cohesiveness and operational
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The roundup of 61 8icl1_ian~Ita_1ianon November 14, 1951, once again focused the mono,. ..¢. -. his: . . »- i .3 ..we vow W» @[email protected]¢@
o. Q__shows that beyond the shadow oi Ii mm, @110
United States, as wail as in Sicily pail Italy, as a
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or individuals or Sicilian orlg1n_0_1"d8Bc6nt A ;,,§%
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, ,; ... <. I!; ,crimioal activities, l Thin whiny ll the rooult V ». A ;_;;;. ;-_r<_§;;;;
cultural similarities, provincial clanoiohneu, blogo ti J . up j . ..-. . t <=;-- no-*~>*o A - -' " -.~~~""'4*~~r"'=-*"r-""'" *'="*:-.'* ."-v'~ '.,{:=~_ ' - . _ - . . -- -. y . ; -. ':t-;;§-..,.g,.§:._, - It would be abs-u-d to think that thclltniorlcano
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traditional llattaot Italy is a distinctly outlined, ponventloual typql . - ,- '- ., , ..--I,i ~ ;~ i _ _ ,._r,:,_4_. __.' .5; 3 ._-_§.m.;_z', =_; ;|'_'_ _ _,_'._ . . _ - : gqm. 4§¢>£=,;i- , »~ *1 I. -,, - . v. .~
nation. It woom be equally absurd to think um it -M;. IQ .existence at all. The Malia is orgooupo criminality. 3, ,-.__i;_ _l1 ~ . I nlln . V_,I~_'-_.»hi 1oi a lawless brotherhood which functions an a part cl '_ ' T - '-<1-'92: |". 1 F ... éF'.:'i_ I!"
_ ' ' "IQ! ._; Hz: Jo"! . -4 .1-; »%%%%#§§.t = . = if .. .r t .Z ~ *5l»-"5v*.-f .| ; .':"'
. -. _ __ . . . . . F o _> i___;5 T; JsY"_f7§.-§3j'f" '_ ' U , , Q _ | t . oh ' - '*_ . 4. _- .-' .- ; - . "_ *4; H -st" -» - n .6;-1 ¢ , 0%.?- .r;92"' = ~ -~.~~; 1..-~i:.~.-.~~'¢-.">¢1J; ~*..-.*-.-..r";.-*% -» . !., > 5 _. - I. .»..rl _ .-,5.__ = ,1-g_.._i|y>. bin.
ll} gf-1>
vv.¢..'
c i fl;_;_ °=n mg was 1mtluncU.O ion formal, - legal murmur. It III-I. ID . - . 1* ~ --T
. "~_ ,* J3 5.. ~. H J 34$:-i_;._ I--j _9_f, Y. »;k__,-1' " '- =;'.~'*-1* =
-- -'1"; *1 -*"-§-""7"-:5, 4- "1-'.
The Malia does not piaesl the attributes ol an :~'_-. 1
I
.':.§. 7 _ *1»: 1.-.3;-. ':<=~',"392-' ' ~?>~r"§92f-»I=I-¢.§*'w"".v" ' 7.. . W,--I.--. ;4¢- 1,?» 14¢-"92'3_1r~ "g92!.'.92!?92'; ,i-"L" "-=~'' - -2-".':-."= '.
. . ~ I '- .. - »-*5.-¢_ - _ . 4 *. I. '.J_92~a-I. 92
;|- yr . » . .- - ..~» -~~-'- '."~'- *. -~.~'~r.-.*~F;;.=*~'r,-.--'- -» . " . - - . - . - .=.--1, -. -2~- -- "1 1-"'1-?$-R. "F ~"*=¢- . ' ~. "5" 1'-"..:.i~"12 92 . ..;- - _-mu - I .* "F ' ""¥~ -'I?t{4 " H I" ' 92 04- "hi " ' ' " -r 3 "- §I::"1~i'-'-"V»:- '- - N 1
_ . I _ ..!_ |'*'4- - ' "T"§.;».~..,*~l~;» L -*0 "":'."-:".*"_5""..'5'whip rolls but has adhcrentl. r There are ri¢°El11l°¢ W159" _'7h°.'" 11; $_ 1 w >-,' -L~.'."3_# '5 I " T KY." 'J.~";_v»i.1'-;'¢ ~ ~. .i ' 1" .-.~ : __/2: %§¢1;- ammo by their dedication to the crimioal order, their ... J. . .a==§?92 ~!'--.--=.-¢ * $3 o--¥§"?i=rf --=92»+{La their accumulated wealth These leaders dene the criminal oblwtivcl, "?ii~33§T;; *2 C ' ' I ' "$>u-&u;~_ ' "_i92' LR ;'_'g,_- l. ' '.. . ' ' , L '; ,0! '1-;' 7 5.4 -._; 7" 7' : 1 F» *- _ i -. '- . _ -...;.-:_._?§-. . -,~'-.;.-4;. ._?: .", 3
22'.
23.-11
_ F I. .:-- Q!
3?>-.-.- - 1". .>5>'~¢-ti?" " 2? the orders, and PI°Y15¢.1¢.m°F'15 1°! !I°%°'11 ¢.'*."?. 1 2 . .. 1., . . . I _ . . . £ : u
A '-Th! M8113 18 ROI R OBIIUFRIIY O1 but la 1"Q, - - F '-'* ?s,;~ '& ; it =.#.-- " .:;- Z =3%-,o1lection oi gangs and groups throughout tha country 1°P5°17 b°""'-1_26 ' ' it . A -21:1 a iederationlika pattern. Each Maa-led E9418 01_¬!'°921P 1' li_;1;;;1";;;=f2.8, . - _ ' P _'2%utonomous in its own t8!'I1t°1'F 9-lid 5" ".3 d1 '$ ?F,5P'?°3.° --9!.J§¥!%°P9§=§§?;33:§. 3 _t ._ . ~ -_ l - -i .~ -r ~ - j;';;=_;.,;*:;~*;-.~'-»; j
3§nd>actlvity. .. - ' '
The Malia in the United States does not appear to be controllpd 33~"
3".-
I!
H2 5; _~I
133;
I-U-iumU 4; :_ _1 &:__ §~._? _* , -1 ;'-'A." r_. ; = - =1' . -itrf-'. 92l"'.. 5:: __ ._ .1 -.-- 1%..-..=;~A ... ri-~ ' .-7 ;¢1z*¢ 1'11: f" 112$- ..'r=_f.;i: 1 --:1» 1?,» 3,.
-. 3" . :q|_-§;__.= .. "'1, 15- K5. ' IriinYa 1 r .1
36 =.:;;,_ _ w-i_ L _36;-om abroad. There are, hwrv °1°8° °° °°° ° mu _-?F.?f°°-'».; wt
, _. H 1 <1 1.,,._.,.._.;,..§. _ _ _ _ . .. ,1 _.'£_;'..__ ,92 . F: . ,_,__ _ . _ _:?,'l___-:1 . . i__|.__r.b_ :._ _ - . .» __ *.- _i_-.j192*g,t:§,___'- r-if»37 -- ' '" " ;'<§-" <f"-"- .=§3,,m,,, Mm ; H, Italy and Malice! in this <=.9.92»ni.1_v- .19 .Wh§<=!1_.92.l!#,
113,0 : , Charla: "Lucky" Luciano, vim an imwrmi =°1°- ' "Y.
The Maa manifests n..ver¢m1111 vim 01 ¢=1m1*l=1 °h"*°*°"'F1._§'-i.;- '-J. ' o
Hiwhich include: ! association oi Sicilian-Italian criminal el0mcntl;;,.;;.= '
I46 '§ri§i¢ t i..."*¢!>-E§;'* . T _ z;Mw -
5°15
51;,
52'? -r
-,5-._'}in -.-3..it I
56 1."
T _ 92' _'- -55 . - ".'~.= ' - *9. ..*92;,,g§;|i'§;<,;;g.»v':?1'-$a£~ ' 1&4 T 7'3, J x -u r- -_ ¢{_'-j._;.'1;".'§.;"@.:
us"! ¢°°P81'Ill°B 1°! mm ! P'°°°"° - ' °°* 9"° "' " ... NW. - . *:*.' " ~..K; "@'->;-a;~*.j F Q-..}_"".f.. . r K-:3. ii-.<' vii-:;~. _ - '_'.,r-~i ._'92__ ~'§-q j-,_,_' I Q-i-.-~-v~9292.:.-F, - '3'. 92 J» lb-f_ -» ,.-.-.2 _ ;; '. 1'» . '.'_
'> * "' _ 1 _' Y . - . II_' H
' __ . I - iv-F ~L_.;; " ,1".
. - . '.* -..~='~-=i~».'='@.."" ""? -if "-»@;=~»{"-*!'i '1 ..I :*.,._ 1 "I. ,1; M; J. ~ _: _-_- I.-r tori __." ..,._,§§g_l '94 .__- - 1' ~ ' i -I - x-1.; q»*-¢- --l~c$r.n. --or
,, kl 4 A !, I- _k:!,;;~Ll:;{.;.. 1 I q rt I 4 |_ ._ IE3 V_'..';;Q§!92_ V41»-'-.1;-__!..;_ ._
10
11.
12
13 n
ll1
1s _
15 ._
1? ,
1a
"T. -
2-0%
21 "-22
23
2_u
2'5
26.
27.
'18'29
30
31
5 e _ l
-t wt. Today, the Itaiianiottery in New York City, theU
J _-'1; ; ..9:+,=v.t'.i-,¢>». - ~1 » "er , ;» -
1@Jetr_-oit, and the gambling caeiuoe in Lae Vegan, IJ. J. 'Ey92'1.".-:'
reilimaiia targets Maiioel are engaged inthe treilick oi
.14hzational and international scale Mails. racketeere are busy in bootlegging16.|-~ I!
iloaneharning, garbage and trash cartasm and labor unions, ae18 .-:1":
-;'§gebabedown" activities involving laund:-lee.,and prostitution.
ii??? an A substantial portion oi the huge income Maiioll
23, '
ggriminai operations baa been invented in legitimate bueineee venturee,
25 92zde airont ior their criminal activities and an a means oi profitable27? ":" rggdgioei are engaged in a wide variety of legal enterprieee, including. t_ _ k . g,gahtributorshipn, race tracks, banking and nancing iirms, eiot and3 2 .: .- F
3y1acbing companiee, and garment manufacturing concerne314*-' J" -,- ._- in order to plan, direct, and coordinate their criminal
ggop: Mann leaders irom all parts oi the country have met irom time to .| .|,_.ML, e 'r $1;Egyer a period or years. The iiret important conierence
1:1
lihoodlume took place in_Cleveland, Ohio, in 1928, and a number oiH "" .0ggtgniiicant gatherings have been convened in succeeding years " The:3, i "W1 eeting of Meiioei known to date occurred in Apalachin, New Yorz r It §
-||I_. i. 'It .
Itq'gioyember, 1957. At leaet 81 leading Sicilian-Italian criminale were5° ' trig K weSattendance at this particular meeting
5 3 ;-»
S I ._,. .92Blew
56 3 -"" :_.
58.. ,5-Ii- N 1% 92w_:
st 1~ r92
i_____ __
92
,, .
.-,'a'. ~-9 '2"
10
"J: . J.J..
12 ._
13, "
ll!
,:-.15
16 V V
1'7.-',;.,i¢l;.._»i~."&;;1'8»-i».
1" 'ra.=..-'.,, :-*§g~=~?t;.."f_ -
22
23 .. ._
25f '
3": e'.,. i -1-" .v- 2 527
. 92-2,.
>"-iii ' .;j. 30
31
.'-92_'92. ,1-
.!_32
33
3'4
35
as :; i
38"? 92
39140
111Po-i"f-' _'-~. _, _ _.1:. it R--.- -_"' t
-- ._,lf. * - ; 5" '" - 2 -- . - '!¥H;.-$§."-'d§§l*'-$3;-, 1% 2-an F3-14.2
11351-2. B. Conclusions . - _ '.~'-:--- -'-it-iii-.1-*=,. 1 ',_ . " - gm! L 92 I1 - "..' 1"".
-.<-. , ",:,"j-:"-H1, ,,---1*-it -i=.1 *' - wgq 2-" ' - .-..,r-' r --92 - *1.-' .
2 =
- t P°l9,1.*!l*l,'TB.1l!!92?'i9,f91..iiévillhin meenl-¢J;¢1l40w§§i§1!-» ' ' " I ' ' ' " - " - i - Y" *1 .4-1?..."M. l-.r.#¢'F'*.,¢° "°l,!°¥§'l1#!;lY ¢!W<=l"¢ j
W" #110! l° mm in New York 6111511-92 0¢i<>b¢1'. 1195?: !. . 7 _ i .~ 1 I. - , .3
transactions oi various operations involving individuals pre§egt;;;i §!_;';u_?_ Mm 1_- ,~ <;,,,,.-~- , . ~.!- t -,. 5-n-'~ F.
. .92_ 5; i_,_ - ?|f92l--_J|'1L£- -'5 -r 7..the illegal manufacture and distrjiigiitipn 1?! _a1cobo,l;_, §!_
"" ' ' " I ' ' - :1 3-'2» 1-I5 '1 7a 7§"'."1"" ,:5,'=92}'$_- 2?-Ii?-'i'2 -
counts ante arable blici flirt fro ' 0 - ~.» 7' _ t i. .. t ,.,;r~
,1?
i ,1.1 activities oi some hoodluma; ! planningto gain controls!
intludtriy; ! discussing the illicit narcotics trfic;
inter.-colts oi-those present; -and B! projecting: _.!
uhgalr " i " "l'.§§i' -r 2'-iv.-Ir ' -' c - - "= " "- ;.»...-an
4;; l
-11-;3'.-
":1
:1-I"
En
.r;
nu-
I... I-.'- . e__! Meiioei are continually eeerchinc ior new end iucretivl9,1, _
1U 2:1 I TLLQLL
l2@_;/--
131
11:
15
16 AQd|iQl|I|el92 and IA -Ill-Quin 4-nllnvennn lnneennnBl lllllilll GI- II l§l5l-IllC92' IUIIIIIUA Illvwpower, and influence Mk ~ ea,-l
Many victims oi, or witoeeeee to, criminal note committedhy
Maiioei are reluctant, through their dread cl tam-liter
methode, to make complaint! O1 etatemente to
otiicerc or to testify in court.
.-xi17
18
0*-
'l>l'92 iv "_ By me..._-M brim:-y, M9.!i9.".1 have ~....."-=
occaeiooe--to corrupt otticieie cl local, etete,_,922U__ _ _
22 ;'__' _ .;
23,, -
g_1l;=_. -. --
2 5 .
-r-:"k_
~1-goveromente, including representatives of in
ageociee, to edvaoce their crimioel eode.
The legal and illegal activities ti Maiioei are so intertwined
that distinguishing between the two is frequently
_ especially an to their eourcee d income 2 T:*.§_.
12'
,,_- v1-|.
92.
32
33 .
31l'.;__.--
35;-__,
asassociation with lower criminal elements and ii
in ordinary criminal activity Thill practice, in
great wealth, power, and inuence, gives them en amimiog
immunity irom arrest and prosecution. ~
in order to combat the menece presented by the Lillie, it
theMalia leaders caroiully remove themeeivee tron: ec M
F .
1,, -r:4-4.. I
li1T w
'42,;ll
ll
li5_"
Fi6'.
ii?37 _, necesiiorv to understand the underlving criminal code I
6 -< -.= .. - D92 l.1, u. .7 5r.. ' -Eta--..,_-. § I 92
<92 l 'B" 4. -4 -. . ,, ..,t ~ .F-I-A ~C._ _ M, 9 ,92 -4.!¥__or# fl! I 1|! 4- 4- H-I 1'?! -d'*3h92d' i -& F I-092921o'>"T§f».~»<l»'*="-* ~ H ~
-_- »-.7, ll t I, 1.l..i.?.§::"'»-'-<~*;.:i~"-=-"- E1 N J ~:|r, I
7 $1..»-1'4" i- ..:-
t
16* , r
r».-'o.92-- =1
J _"l' 921_'-;-,2-*5" A. §p§culgtio_n_s on Existencg and Nonaxistengg
K The Malia in the United States haa been the}
f__; speculation and disoiisoioo by many writers
an;- cw §!92=;¢-44 aw 1| '2I§§:m-§éuu Allegations oi its existence and nonexiitenco21*»; ii:33:.-.i;-;"= "
2_1;;<_=; - extreme to the other
2'5 _ I
J Some contend that all organized crime in thy; 267,, r _l
'3-8"'==.i-' -- by-the Diana, ano mat me Briana, as an organization,§'5>?.I--1'2»; _
1!N /I ~ A 9
a "Luc Luciano a notorious hoodlum who 3Q§**5%_?h'Y ocaio with Charla kw .317 l. 9232.1.. '-::.
33 " -from this country in 1946, directing its affairs iron: Italy. it
3li_-
1;-yr, L
_-On the other han , there are those who inoilt 351,, _. -36.#é:%¢_.ir-sea:-». J ... l .,
37~_v92._ £92' '" ... .. I.n..n-. -.a._|..... .. .... ...... .. _.. _.... 1.. n.92.1- _.._... ..... - -
3 8 -1* _»i*_92-- Ililll MUHUU I U-I UL-I Uh!-D Ul ll-ll III I-I-I-IU lvuilill-1',
3g'§§="i"?'"1'-iarimariiy responsible for the vast volume of organized
ulwhil inz» 1!} In the United iitiates or abroad ea-98619 100-42303-242!r 7:" - _ 1 1
ll ~.,"i*-*. i l W .
-s 1.Othorl hold that the Maa was an old time
&
FrU 3
a t
9 Wyudlcates, " "combines, " or "combinations. " sun othars may1.0 _ _ lbw I
Maa tmror dld oxllt. .... CH _ . . -.-,'_» ; - ' 12 ,
13' '
11:
1'5Many people are unable to comprehend the Maa, aloe
15not possess the attributes oi an open or a tormally organized lot
17 ..1 . ~
13 group with clearly dened lcadoxs, members, records, and act!
1 9. t '
Zogonco, it is easy to_ratl_ona1lzo and concludu that there to no or21,, . - P.
ggtzauon called the Motto.
2_u-.
25* Tlltqftljgtb of tho_mattar is, tug avalloplg qwglonca malt
. . q '~ 5.
3'7 mgogslplqjto donyfloglgglqr the oglstgpco glwgcglmlnal organln1
2x85"? .;>29 3@L*1¥lc*£c¬ia' cwhlch for es29r=*19n=_h2= a1as119;.L"=s;!=~! =1>1<*"*s_2&@
*1 92-§§s1~=11zc1_olz,_ and 1aP!11¢°<' Ewe;
33*
311' Aa we shall sea, the Maa does exist in the United Sta
3'5§§!aa_ a special crlmlnal cllque or caste that ll composed prlmarlly
ggwltolly--oi lndlvldualo oi Slclllan Italian orlgln or descent Tho:
1 " »- 1qghavo demonstrated a 92y1l_lllngnou--won a proloronco -to: uloct
uz '3310: mutual cooporatlou lucrlmlnal onterp:-loos as a result ol at 0+
535m Blclllm-Italian ldaa.__. | ' t- | 151'
52 -
532% ,Y ,5 I K 2,;
a. _ I _, _- ;,= as-" V 1 - t57I3<?i&_ 92 -- -
=sB-§"'-
s -A ./6356 1 zj-L
62.37 . . - 1?: - ;:#-??-:'.~.- 1;:.;'-"-Z Hzorlmlnal u-aotttoo, cultural similarities, provincial olanotshom
gund lntormarrlqol. In toll sense, lt ls tho Amorlcun COW
u t
It exists not an a dlntluotly outlined, 1
- * 5-- 4ibm#W -1" 4 D-II!
13 1.
13-II. ,_
1o "'organisation, but as a criminal movement and
.1-u*..r "= . harmiul 1:0 the United Btilti 2 9 72, 3 3
.sY1"f :v "'T*-ti awF
1'5
16B Indications ol Exigtencg
1. Ketlanver Committee
1,: '
13 -': '4 ,_1 Qgéz ,,.'.2 5 * +'*~*'3***'*<i' *3 1050 1951, concluded um there is a "mum: or
21§1§§?;I:-f
22
23'? -
2.":
25' _'Ihe Keiaover Committee, in a report on its
the Maiia operating throughout the country with tloo in other
Committee described the Malia an a "loose knit organization
26".; _.-_ 92.
2 7 1 -1;-.;?;?§!
->31 r
.9231-
32%
i =.'-poi33
314' -J.
3536"._ - >
1"-' I-~;..P _,., .31 .-
II!-".1
U2
-ax:113» --
nu
N5."
1&6
14?
UB4189a
'50:;_the sale and distribution at narcoticl, the conduct et various
prostitution, and other rackets based on extortion and violence
Despite the traditional reiueai oi Maiioai to testify
Maa, and the diiculty the Committee had in obtaining data on aecra
oi the Maiia, the hearings revealed that the Maa "ll no {airy tale
.
, 4:4".
. :
<-.
=3.
F:- 1
_ /"JV t -_--.. ..,_A 4 um ...4or-tr ' v ~trm, declared that the mm is the pow; behind the hugeir'¬-g '2 ~ -QM §*5.."5t»3i»1=a an M
which deals on s nationwide
3, t§g_gatmbiing, merdor, white slavery, couuterleiting, and other
Ev ,116 r1'r_.;%,;.§,;, In his testimony m was boiore the Subcommittee ct
15§g;§guse Committee on Appropriations, Anettnzer iurther21- " > -4 '** ' the Millie is not an organization that you can "put your finger "22:
23¢214.; that it does not have a central governing body and other features oi it
2'5 26 _1_or_-moi group He stated, however, that the Mefioet in one
27.:-'-'5.country know and work with those in other areas, and that the
29 W '- 8! no30 * 1 L w I
_ 1 ;
33"31ii;internat1ooe1 in scope
32» L ~Other oiiicials oi the Federal Bureau oi Narcotics have3" -'1 "
32? pointed out that the Malia operates in the United Btatee as s group
37.
33 Itaitane--primarily Bzciiians--dedicated to crime and mutual
39 ._..---1, -32 _'Ihey'eay that the Malia has been diiiicuit to penetrate and study
"-2 "0! the traditions! secrecy and silence practiced by Meiiosi. 2-'j'E§g_3;'_s2-9-31-144, pp. 141 143, 62-75147-15-so, p 2, 62-':s1474_
1@s';"1=;.§@::
It 6 ?f;"~5"_?;
ll T I -1-it
us_:>;. ;;;=
, --.|_1 9 .55O_§r§".
51$-eh
5?; -'f
5 3 §V'- 4;an
'»57;$L".'~l?*
66,3
1",.» gm w'.~'s' 4%-;r'*-- t,T =.
.|.u
..".I
-r
1?
t
|._
,.
i
i
re
¢I
L.t
_a
e
U
1*
v
>1
.
.
J.
_.
n
-3
1
st
%
;.a-.._1"
c
I
;92_
§ r-_..-- .
15
16 --
17
18.19 '>
21.
.
23
Z." -
2'5
26 A
2'53.
o . ."99%-
3o~-~
31
32
33311'
3'5,f
361
37-,-_
K I Q - - - - : ."""'-~' V; Q ; 3.11. -"X» it. i9 »~H@$¢w
3. FBI Sources . . - , .-» , _;f;;;_i-,.,- _'?._:r~,-53?.-_i,-$"t§~¬, .'_-. , :-- " ' ' " - '- '~'1~r',"-Y"-.*'#*;lvef#:{t<""1.':'7" . _ - Many 1-Bl lourcea agree that there in u Malia in_e:ieieoee?;w¢'3*;_-_;
rt - ' - 1'1» it."-'i~: It ".. it
United states at the present time. They ieei that it ezerciue _l__1|rery, _ I -1.. :5 _. _ r ,¥,;l 4
-. _ e . " ' .-~-.1
QII 1-
r . 5- . -
_ -. a
1
ta as a type oi fraternal, mutual benefit society which can assist them
their legal or illegal activities, [100-42303-330,_ 112- 11-15!
7Di; A third _e:-mant has said that 1 iaioadera in various localitiel
13 7 . - -
Itirve as leaders of criminal syntiirates in which other nationality or racial
1'5ggoups may participate. In his particular area, he EK1J1&iHE !,*MHI1aFIi3,
aamtnance resulted from an agreement between rival Sicilian groups which _p ._ "
ad prayed uron Italian immigrants who had been successful in this country 7 '
22 pEziglegitimate business; 00-42303-280, pp. 1,2! 579 _ _ .
$2 It is the belief oi an r ormnnt that there is a Maiia now . _t '
gérating in the United Staten. lie emphasized that the Maiiosi have changeda l.
_- '.29 - .jreir methods and are new conducting anemuch business as possible through
31-9
I
I
gzghodox business channels rather thin resorting only to their old techniques _
igdlrect force and violence. According to this source, Mafia iront men, ' ' '
>§§o have accumulated considerable -l-.'e:~.lth and iniluence, pose as respectable
all -JVEiizens having no apparent connections with the ii-'aiie.. f ' e *, 00-42303-83! , I 92° 5719" i*1 Anrvher i ormant has reynrtezi that the Mafia orieinatetl in this -e 'I12 , _ _ . ° - "
intry ar-' an 9292l.{C!IO92'lll1 oi Italian 1r.92mi"!':tt.10ii. Many oi the newly arrivedI M
ll
4311» imniigrante, he sail, were governed in the areas in which they lived -
111 - _ -}B"biock bosses, " or cur-zpnrs, and their business activities had to be9 _.___ ___
so _51 _; '-
52 _ 6 ,53 ' '
an L; ' _. ,.t'55 756
"57
'58 F'59 '* . _ 7 I
1»
,A ,, y , ,_
approved by these cumgars, who, in turn, were responsible to the Mails ,-l - , -. ~
4
I l an M oil less -LLE Another so escr d e . s. way aw _
5; liie--rather thnn an open, formal organize.tlon- -in which an individual niitlt
16 . r.17 abide by certain rules oi conduct laid down by the area head oi the
15 . s .
9 The Mailosi are extremely vindictive and have absolutely no respect for '
20
2, and order, according to this iniormant. -».j 2..9_26_37, p_ 24!
3?, All the FBI sources mentioned are aware of the existence OI Itis ' c1{;26 segment oi the underworld in the United States composed o Sicilian-!t:t_1isi:v;;,.',27 ' o ~
'28- hoodiums. These hoodiums constitute a criminality based on common ntloinléj
29 *- n3% origins, friendships, family relationships, close-knit leadership, and
3233 established methods oi terror and violence. Other nationality and racial
li ' ,
groups operate in the underworld but, except in extremely rare instances,'Lt!hey"79 ' ~do not have access to the controlling circle 0! the Mail»? 5g;§_34-
1as;e2-9-34-1 . PP. 78 1?9!¬i ,'33'5
36
3?
38g - C. Che.rgcteristics,oi_§'1_nIia ' -' 111
142
"3
an
"'5
{*1-. =!. J ., __
1t¬:,t § 1.'I.inl| :;=t.1~i<,.-tly the pzo-Juct of local social, economic, and
Qbolitical ;;I1-".~nomon:1 unlike those 92'.|1iCt1 prevailed in Sicily and Italy. _Whi1e
Jitgze ch::.1":.1-'..'t~'::=.'i:=tic.-*; to be set iorth are typically, trwitionztlly, and historically
13
"J"-Qfia, 2*-1'11:t1.i. ':-fT t.i1e:=1 n-'2»? Z T1? ;_-.r-'"-."nt F-'1 any r-"iogjln r1rL:1?I!1.Ui1 to identify it as my
15
11$ I.'.aIi.:-1 <~; tr; ".ti1:1.1.
18 - . . .~9 2- s?§=*'~@I~11;%9_r1 9¢_o§1¢1J£=1-'1£;¥i1:1§1¥@!§iwevtt
20
21 jho T":1fi.2 co11;_is!._- 9! c_1-is~;jq;.}:;WgL;J§ci11a.glsgcgggound who a_re
22
12... - ._,-___ _ .___ _¢- _ . . __. _,.;ttr, §r!c_1:1*to~.; iii :0z1.':.._r_._: Q1 <.r11 m--.1 r.~'.1*. j§tiC;L 1T1-..§11.ij;-' tig, i.".te1'g1;1rxjia.rre, _.
2-3'-:>v3gct111;'l1- J =E_{§%1921,'~f:;-:1, _:;g:!l3§_r.:z5?L_:_'s:-:uI.ar1tr.os. HM? 1-altos: are individuals O
-'-T . . . . . .with :1 pro::l1*..=.i,y for C11l11iI1Z.l nctiozw, ;"~1"o£o1*rmg to mat.-:2 thmr llvelzhood from
29 -
30:imo iI*:1*1{ron1 !<?§ .i.ti;1r"to 2'=¢~'1;1rf.
31
' 2.-92!Y!. ._ .-..n.! ,7 ,. ., ~-M 1 .»[lz~H} ulti-" ' i"~~=- Y1 1*" 1'"."?1 -Ti ==="=.=r* '-1"-.=|f.~ ., .t 1 I...92L .-..l .t_, ,., I.
pu:.~L:=.1 [O ES 32
32
3
3 5d
36
Tlltionzzl oriytin has tendcni to o.r:z'.-2' lh-t'::1=92 close to one another and to reduce
as 7 -
ggeir doctircs or opportunities to _r:1~r=~:r out of the cirnlo of the Italian commu-
{Ll}
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U
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1.1
12
13
114
15
16
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1s
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21
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at
25
26
2?
'28
29
30
31
32
33
31;
35'
36
3?
38
39
340
141
H2
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145
U6
117
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50
51
52
S3
311
'55'* the rirrht to 1"evon. *_o the i'~.j|u-y to orK.n _»-"' '-_; J
Ow.-* of the most lmporlttmt factors which have bound together the
IJ.-afiosi in this country in their legal and illegal activities is family tiel.
I .
ciosoness and COD1?Q'Lii.iiOI92 o£ families, involving fathers, sons, brothers, A
v.w:1r.~'-, '.0u$3inE, n!;.1hQ".'¬=, tr"-thors-in-law, and brothers-in-law, among
Si.ci11:~.n-Itzilinn criminals an-ca n distinguishing ieature oi Mafia operations. '
Ix"-min families are reminiscent of some oi the notorious non-Italian criminal '
family gznws of the 1930a, notably "Ma" Barker and her sons.
Si1"o:92r:.{nmi1y affiliations have innticzi to solidify the lawless tradition ,
Ii i fz*.:n1ti.o.'.= reserve for themselves, rather than the police, oi tho t~.;:.1.f.in. I-'.-:1 on
death of :1 rnembcr of the iamlly. Whenvar
or :11-2.1--i-521* of of .':*.i13<* is i.nart+':n=*::l with harm, sther members are more than
{tense ngnizxst one is rewded as an
1! 7
offense against all, which rnust be avenged at ell costs.
bore of Matiosi families
' s
-are as-naomztrsted by the iornlty of a niece of a gambling associate oi Santorwzix: -_1 wi1.I.i':;_Y to pi-'>I"z:! hinn. Fm 0
The closomss and cooperation of mom
l'raI{1cante, Jr. , :1 pz'on~i'_1-'.=.nt 1 laila leader in Florida. The niece was
r~w;>'nyed hy :1 i?'lor!'.':92 tol~;>hn'.|-<> company. ?;!1on zmother government agency
~!~ r~ r ompnny concerning members of the Traicante rvn<1'e inquiries of the toley rm; .: . s
of tho in uiry soon reached Trntiicnnte group, .. -q or his associates. 924731-
39!
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13415
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9
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lre afiiiinv-'* witlx nvy f3¬92I13pi_!.¬!{"¥Ti"1 criminal gIOlI§* I-nown as the Maa,
.L.l.lgsuay .' --"»-~ t'>~.é"E "11 ?_¥"1r92.§,*'r*-w"' '""" {'20 Mafia in *-'=.'1?. ihy read about it I
hi 1 -Y "-112"?l
1 ,1 <* 1 ;. 7.._ n _ _-- __ v13311 E ~92 1. = 1".?£T.i§j.Y 1;; - an:--"?:ms the lmlila or
16 1 1 5 I1'15; anti. if" Y-1 I 31-'+ xv-:':it r 92i?:P' r"fov', for tlmssre xww have done so have * =
'Q1gned their <'.~<' :1 cl01**h ~<.'.11'r:v92tn
204". w ¢_ _ ,-. »QQ ~! ' 92' F .'._i.ar' -.
N3 F.'-'*{1'i~"1 1 E11 ;!5T_>!!:l.3' *1'~1y %.!.z<-'1t thtfj: FY"-': F--"P.i0f.=i. 01 that they
21 " '~ V?! - 1"r~1"=; ? _'-F!-'~.T22 'é' H
25
250 would nf MP", *'._.»v.'=?i-11-'1,?=;t1:.": I."
?Zg§7'Qths~.1'.<-
30
31
32
35%: pf.r1l~""
316
Biten en *:'
36
3% hotel 158
39 _
no
141
Urom ¥:"'
"3gicke I 11;»
H6-.1. I1: "-
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"31; hilt 0. 1 I~- Y, 1 -..f_~ 92C {Vhn
r f "1',"f fw-1~ | 92-1--
3,, ,4 r92 y,3,T.{
{Wi." 10 hf *0 pz'9:?":"u": in L>ca1itic==; thray visit by using aliases2
2£0i§CC c"§=!= "1t1?'92'£ 17*" 1?_¬?-'N ~r1 P""~'*"r "Tito mn'=".'r?r'" wn =1 questioned by.1.-. -,.
1
-'-r
1..-
0-42303-zso! §
~ i 92!!'
-i 92 r ---1.@1¢}~, H-'* :11tr-~1d~»~, he declared that _. -
~ "i-Y n-wt '-.1.'i=r-1: in ¢"mtx':1='1iP.t anything aaid ;_.
2-9-31-45! -
Hmir i-?*.""v! ~.' f:~w~*w; the parbltc and .
1 : "-:1l»'_~.if'~' 92="1*.'-"r" *-'r:~.Hé'~:1. The?
9
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"7". eff.-cf:
form;§lo_n_t§!;1cErningiile fvlfiiilligl-f?l1Ql:V§l_§923§£!. It could not be expected
gt the criminal operations oi the Mafia, stressing "death to informants, " i
.LJL
Mold be eaeily uncovered to public view.
13
' 6- §.3_9£.L*{i3. °" °_f__i-1 " l '4 :1 w
1 5
is 1h" *1?-9 "Old pI""CU3e of §fIl7_§.l{§lu 3 P°11£icf£i¬*"§;¥1Fl2£*1¢E
1 8t
I figures is zxnother sign oi Mafia operations. iviafiosi use their power and
20
2éalth to gain the cooperation or active assistance of public officials on 1
22
2.2 : .-. .. ,...A .,..,... ....i:.-...,.| 1..,,,1,. M-. .-..,,. .92l......... |,..-..92.. .. .92 ..I1-1 mm uvcu ll:-U-LUHctl. J.L192 cm. - tn: KlI.'|Vl1yD IJCCII 4 _
ggial politicians to do ihoir bidiing.
3%
29 --
Borncy on=.:r.il of C:1lifor:1ii-1. 'l'h.is= official was cimrpjoti by the California
31'~ or uncle?1 Lvl uuuana |I
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. A-7 _~
=1? 1 - I-t- .. t
as undo-¬1i1£.'2i~. aliovie. The memo ot
ioof New York ity, received n0i;orioty in this connection.the late Ponqrcssnian Vito Ma:-cantonio,
__.__¢._.L__l_ I. _I.-4CH-HIDIIIU ll I-IIU
ii
l2sait1 to hfwo arranged, in the lento 1940's, for the appointment of the son 0!
13
1 11 1 1 l'92 I'92
15'
16
17192c:irJem_:_'. 00-28126-66, p. 110, 39-2141-A, New Yo1'kJ0urna.i-American, 2
20 _
31 a1w:=.ye tnenn tjzpirtnl of their cynir.-:11 clisdaln {or law enforcement in ggnaral.22_e._H__, to ._2__ __ , __ 2 _ __.. _,___4__m,____,2,___h._ ..._u__._____ __._
23
2_i1
25
26
27
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29
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31
32
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35
36
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rmiiosi have used the system oi surveying criminal activities and
en approach
0; _ __ _ ___.i_._ ___9
liiegiiimate businesses to iind proinobie sources or income.
.LJ.. =
liiheir victim with the "suggestion" that he permit a Maiioso to enter the -"
13iéntue r"1 2 "partner" or an r-':.-~*..iete. " The orrier if; given to the victim
1 .lihat a c0:"t?tin amount oi nutmeg is to be fOl'thCOI'O1l'I{{ in a lump sum or in
u ll18
* 9-egular stipulated p2'lym¬nL'=i in ezmiiange for "protection."
20 _ tggalso req'1i1'e the owner of 9, biiiidinq to make a.vnila.bie his premises to the
_§;}¢.a:1:».:m: the oneration Of :1 .ie'_17.iti*'~"note t921mi.n-rise. 00-42203-274, 280! .t
52 In i'*2t1'0it, for ox:-.mp1c', an Italian merchant, owning his Own-building
ggand on ivijotinft one, lease-r.I the latter tataiiziinggnt a monthly rentai of $350,
ggto :1 nu92§r"'_ry iirsn 92=:F.1=*-we r*.n=1c~m1c2:i no-nrer is J.-"'[email protected] 7101?-F011, a leading Maiioso.
wt , -4r4_gr§§The rnc.r=".ha':t WFIS never p"~.i<i :=..n_92; 3.'Cnt and i.h@rE!'.!{.t .m :*..ppt*.?!l0.'l to Detroit Malia
31:
3=5ieadcr Joseph Ferilli personztlly. Several day." later, some of i..icavoli'a
36ggassociotos infnrmert the merchant that they needed the building for another
Egseaeorrmd rnyrrrested that he foroet eho-it collooiiing any rent and to:-ego
141, o .
1;3!rOCuIin_*{ tho cerviree of an :'i.tt.*r1*.3'. The m?.1"?:§1?1nt, who is familiar with
"3 - .
"lithe bia.'~'Pf92r92rE§S and rtuthleswnonn of mch h -0{§1'.!?.T*.", {cars that the Mafia may
115:$event.un11y rm-nire him to turn over the deed tn the property. 00-42303-287'!
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g the femr-ntrickon witneoses refuse-ci to name the two suspects as the men ,'..-
.- -;1_'b5" ||_ 'Finey had seen commit the murders. 2-75141-15-19, pp. as-39!
1213 8- 2.w_~@::=~ Y " A
11':
15 Murder has long»; hem: n !.rm1i.tiona1 and cit-used method 0! criminals" 1'
16 . i '
. Tu 4%§s;>ecia1iy Nrxiiosi.--to ! instill fear and serve as a warning, ! remove J ' q, .3
1 _ ;». ' 1..2g1pp0BH2l0i1, ! exact revenge against inlormants, ! settle disputes, or _ 7 1____-;f_:;_;"_:;' x
21 1
215! mnlcn 1*. l1'.11.1,",'.
'1!
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iI;*1¢ .T.'§. _-!_-.¬~__!~.92.@l_'_".f!E1..-.;_-.¢l§.-.<'?.*FE mo .<>*..r_=*1.E1.2:>11§1.e!2§.':.a*_i_..@* bi . .~Y.n<>*11:mw=s' A - ..,
- |-.'gor over the years L-iaiioni have killed freely although not capriciously. The i A ':::;,;Il -.
-8 .ggioath of :1 certain inriividiml is n"t :1 mntter decided by ordinary Maosi. v . ~
30 * '
31-='!::fin. in.--:*c.~r:¢ .'=-mi to 'm.'92"'." i1~r~ fi1;*-1 eiecisiou as to death, although the
23 923&0:-user T'nfln.=~.1 can r~.~.:mi<c .<'u<r--'v--'5 Hr an I Imports -':<92t1<'.mning murders deemed
3
§210CG8S$11 ~,' 01-n-rpedicnt. 00-42303-280! - ,
37 ..33 Count].-1221s Natinsi have boon investigated and arrested in gang V. " 5
'_.'?'a. V ' '1 39 _utillings {.'92f1 nih~1- !o=_~r'1s, but no-.11 of Hzerii have been freed due to a lack .; -
141 A .. - . .3%! BII1f?l'33ll evi-.i~r'1ce.:is to i.!v1ir quilt or complicity. Associates of these
léampecio hrnm been quostiennr tlvw aw! rzhln, but they invariably invoke
H6
tribe cu9t'"*1ary 1"1~£i:92 silence.
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H '-MI.-0 .-r, - _.-.i¢-- i-_n~-=-_==-;_.;4-4....~_;;:- 4-- - ___ . . .
The search for Genoveee led to ltalgprhere he had served _ee en_ ._ e;- __e _;._£_
10 t - L3,"!imterpi-eter lor the Allied mum; Government during World War ii. I.e.ter,j-
12 - ..e had been arrested by United States military police for black-market
~_--Aiguene and conned to a military jail ln Italy. He was extradited and turned _ A-
ver to the New York City police to answer the murder charge. Gen0vee_e_'_ ;j§
;g1¬IdBd I'92Ot 2_28427}_9"[! t. " - -_ _
t - ' *__='=i-i '1'-""7 _' - _ ', , $7}21
9? Corrohoration ol Rupo1o'e story of murder depended 92lp0li,,Q9?.1e ' -
23 _gzestlmony oi two witnesses. One oi the witneeeee, Peter Le. Tempe, who in
Sim; held In a Brooklyn jail, was Iound dead ie his cell in January, imp. ~ 5'-Q»;
'28 = A .-;Eioxieologicai examination showed the cause cl death was an overdose cl 21-.
30§§ieeplng tablets. Rupoio expressed hie belie! that La Tempe had been murdered
18an Genoveee or one 0! hie hlreligge!. _ 5 71>
'536 The other witness was Jeremiah Eapoelto. Hie bullet-riddled - l
37
3 was thrown from a speeding automobile in No:-wood, New Jereey. _'The -
1 .." '. 39 _egdeathe oi Eepoeito and In Tempe resulted tn the dismissal at the indictment:
ll
qgagainst _Genoveae, Miranda, and the others. 4-31396-34, pp. 10, 17, 18! _
fill
115 In 1940, a notorious criminal group was uncovered in New York
116
'4?-~ -- - -- - -~ - e e- -or-" ~tere whe "ulu ' ewe-~ indietid Batty tnrougn U18 HUITUIBIOIIB 0! several 1 ung gangs
gglor stealing automobiles later used in the commission cl murder. These
'51 .
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Bprotective custody for over 20 months at the Halt Moon Hotel near Coney L
9Finland, New York, as a precaution against gang retaliation. Despite what ' '
.1. .
ns believed to be an adcquwte police guard, in November, 1941, Roles died
yénder niyszterious ci.rcumst.u1ces. Hie fully clothed body was found on a roof
igop four stories below his room. Una speculation is that he died trying to
ggscape by means 0! a sheet hanging from his window. Other theories are that
gée committed euicitle and that he was thrown from the window by unknown
23 2! 3!
zyersons. __
253? Another instance which illustrates how Mafia vengeance is wreaked Z
?B...LI__._ ...I._ l_I_L_ Al_ .._l_ _A' .il . _.Jl_ I. .f' I ll...ééino muse W110 v'1UlEil8 HIE C068 Oi .illi3i1C{: waa we muroor Di a pOl8i'1U.3.i
30 . | -_ . 92|"."' -1'1 -... _ 1 ' . . ' ,3frimi:1.11 .:i{=.,ro~..:.nt in 1.-.11. .-.21 i»uae*ni.*.-11 informatnt, ..'lzo said that he
32 ., . . 9233:ad been L.~o1'n into the fY?n.l:;i.., ..1iavi_.' his iotlzer had 112011 aiiiiittted with
31:ggt for years, h11.~_i furnished iiiiorsmtion on the form and characteristics
I'1Y!HI'1 I! I 1.1; |92.|u-Q; l92}|,ll
3%! the Malia he them. 11::
g»: his cur in the outskirto of Detroit iollowlng his testimony before :1 grand
141 .
"Jury inq-.1i:'i1~.;_1 i.92to crime in 9,11... .192.1'r.>;m!..i Ifllnt, 1'92liCl1lg.1n. 00-42303-Z44; 62-75147-15-gg 5 82, pp. 99-101; 15-25299-7, Detroit Free Press,
Us Apr113, 1957!N6.1.
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9 such cxlmm as 1*-'92-1'.~: 1a1>7.92rT:rI er, 1."? _P.-,".::<:.-ie:.f, .1 '= ."r't01".mbi1e thefts. Orggglj-ed
12 52.1.19m1_s1::?"4a:2.*121.1<z.§2.a1':9;!.I;¢1r1,11%"? ..L!%171.!X2!i}L.?:?_i9uS,¢iiW§§'J9 1@1¢;==*1_*3
12 '
1 3 ,5-.""T~§92? ' 1 i= '1.-.i.<*.1" n12§==_..<71?...*¢2-;i_r,*'-f>.,2 <12" =1 =*2F?2,21.";2§.1!2!2!;.1t*,_ %a!2Lsi2:>L!;¢.==.J_.92.?<><>[email protected]§é Ha,
lh
15 I1t1_1_w$:A"v'?rz_+"_~".r§ .'*._:1q____1_p_._l5-A_r-:';j _1.l."._=_;_*_';Lff.1r'~'"" .i_:?"L. ':'fh'.y hzwc". ?"'-W21 n some Of the16 " '
£7 0r{=::m!2.~,:1ti'=nrT nwthocis an-.1 2th"""-1i'f'.". of 1n0:1e1'n m::inQr=s in order to exploit
12% new 11015.2; mi illicit profit. Cum out m:11ninn1 g1'nu-5'1 are multlpurpoge In nature,»
21 5!
22 cniwr In f~"1"'_~' and all rs-clzctrr r 1:1 rwrtivitirrri in ->=r1~1"-I1 money can be made.
2 3 '
22 TH" TIrw:=.=1vcr ffr;,I':'1:!??"f" '>'-.~*.-?>1v@'i Uwt Fe ?-Trrfia has a part in H
253? "bindin='{ tv-~_~'*»<=1~ in louse .'m."{,~"?".F.".~'.1" some of thr :~1:1_!01~ r:11m.in192.l syndicates,
28 . '
29 aa_'.vell as n1:":v minor gf?<_'8 rm! imlh-'1du:1l hCl0:11nwr1, throughout th country.
30 A
31 The ';:2~=~.~:-~-"* - r='~~n 11*-;:*.-*'?_s~cféti1,~r_ **-'21 -.1'1. leaders to be found in themost
32
*1: 1-rm? viii .33 pro-'iI..'=1~1r~ -.'-1 1Inrmf".1'v~. 1'1 F-uh:*~t:mt1ated by Bureau
3
52 BOLII.'C.{..'< M1" ":2 1."epm-t.<-:-1 that ' "Ha. .1=2:1<lers in n~:m;.' -rltives are involved in
J?
gé syndlr.:r92l.<*.=3 Mi.
39 _ 5!
"0 syn'=ic:~1~.=.
141lhat the Ms.f1:*. c:'n-wt bv c0nsi<.Icrer1 as synonymous with
H2 =11-"
U3 2
g Acc01"<&i.nr:i.'1. J@112, themiore, is n 1-met of the v.'?m'.|? of organized crime.
=1rc.'1u ¬"JL!1' {"!'~?, 2-""=92.3' r'="1-.l.ir!:1lf:.'= 91? '"'v.:"=p0:1£!:1 of persons
M6
u7 not of ,";.i1_.ilim|-- !t:921ir~.n d¢;_=rq:1b :921*I1:~-.-:31 the le:_u=<:1-n m tnp men 0! a number
H8
149 of syndbaat-:15 rve Nafiosi who .r.~w':c pnlicy and sin: f-wt it is carried out.
'30
$5 There are rm! 1 2 cm~.92p::.r:vt1vely ""52 -rtiosl in om-'1 wily or area. where
2
gg nyn:.!ic:*¥.r:s r~2»- I-2 er-.i_r"»tcnc~>.
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,_ _,.5 . _~;e 3. '16 i92;i-P -
'10
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12
13--P Fi-.,11=i are not interested in spornriic crimes, such as, r0bberie8,_
i.r_t.1§1j|<'92I'i°F-?, or inrcr'nir=r_=. -' hat. Y-Jefiosi prefer and .<=.per-.iaiize in are the vastly
1132&2 I't92!92!I nr0i'it11i'ie aw! more "=-f11.|.rln_;_{ crirninsii m_"i.i<-'ities which cater to the .
17 .;'_j1E91'I£F"_?f1..fi?ll¥.EI2@.§iifil" 11:.:1?l::.~ P'='=<P» W have ¢°"<=°""a*<'=d- for the i18
123 n~.o=5t part, on such big~timc criminal ventures as ! gambling, ! illicit
21 '
22 nrn r:oiirt.e trnfi<.-,, ! labor -and inriustriai racketeering, and ! bootiegging. '
23 "J 0
2 1/"1ny timer, tiafiomi do not ciirectiy participate in the criminal
25
5? ar:tivii1in:.= in v-hich th=h_v h'wr"- an interest, but see to it, by their methods *
g h. I
-._ of intimi-'!:1iir..~n, violrfnco, nml 0'-aiortion, that a percentage of the income f 3 9
3 O _ . .- Y .-,..,,,.,§,
31
32-f!-vi:-'r~I i':"on~ lr?'{'~1 anal !'.Ii'.~{1"lc r-1111;--prises; i; n_i1oc.".ir:d to them. 00-42303-2
92
131?: it in 1>c<:<~r:w:11'Y in n»n,1v~ n. distinction hrrtwcen Italians in crime and! "
T2-in H011 in crilne. "-'¥"..'ii inirr-":nant<3 say that the Maiioai are individuals of -
firriiinn origin or descent :1."-'1 that only occasionally are other Italian .35
36
37
38
39 _
U0 ¢_iiYH!I1.'iIS acr~~;~.tec-<1 into th" "-afini. The _?ir.-tiirms comprising the Mafia
are eaii to be fenreri hy <. -tlior ltaiinn criminl -elements. The Keiauver '41
H2
>77": _. -9" I .-' 1;-
IIL aa:>.»'m,1.*.1§;J221z_;92*_w;:>2&Lia
10
J~.»'- 1 1iH13u;it!ll O. Hzllizl to United States |12 ...-~--17==r---- 7 --- -H- ---- ---- - of _ ~-92,:__ ~
is the United '-date-5 was tho lnn_l of opportunity for hundreds Of
%*gusands oi Iln,l.it1ns anal -Ii=."ith.n*.; i 92 tin: izttter part of the 19th Century and
17'
"11-Bthe early clec-.-1-1:15 of the 2UthCen? Iry. Social, economic, and political
" 9
gtilldltlons in Italy, and especially in iiiclly, became mmearilble to many ln ,
3% poorer l292.r'5SL=:Fs who finally saw Hi. to migrate to the m:o.v world westward
214ggsearcll of :1 b:_>tt<,er lilo.
26
27 This cotultry tnrnlshot <1 n'lt11!.I1l haven Iur many Sicilians and
of-I. J 1Iggllan f3ll{fI1g~".'tl in I"-M1111 u.:;tlvii.i:2s3 '"tn v,~::re being r3ou;;ht iay the Italian -
gélico. luring thr: l"?*'i:"I=' 1, this v *1'li'*::l;u'ly trim. :_1*t::ollni used strong
33 _ , . . . .31;e:1suru.:= in :11 '.~if;,11t to 1.1l*i1l1,"' the .tI.11, ::=:'.1;1ng numwerous Maltosl
3'5
3/5 flee to the ljntl Tttlany M.-1'0-l lllevgally, .'§omre ol them with the
3'? 3!ézgd of Maflosi 11-are. 00_423u:1-271! . P ,
14Q5 On ru:-.:o=1nt 0' :1. r;rt».n'lm;; 1' l~p.1.l"1tl.on of f;icll.l;u1:-.2 21:12! Italians, Mafiosl
92¢'
'4-:3>ming to, thls coux1try'w-Pro. al.Jle_ to liul ltrge comnltlniti-as of their countrymen
141: tllfghom tlmy coll} continwz to prey um.! and a:.'*;;_!l92'Jil. 1h.l-2 {cur of the Malia and
rldng Ittlian lnmug unto the port "t :~ 111 in which the trmlspl-lnted Maosl
o BU 1!
31$ uld continue t0'lluurl:=l1 ?l'H1?lJ?l1ll}. 00-42303-280, 282, 317; G3-4426-32!age general rt-lut;t:1nce to trust law ':ni'orué:'|n0l1t olflcers maale honest, hard-
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avendetta killings, ilennessy called the WLiI'11Ilg [actions together and obtained
%their agreement to stop. But violence soon broke out anew between them.
J_J. -
1Two days niter lIennessy= publicly announced that he would testify on behalf
I J
iigf one [action at :1. trial, he v.';92.¢ 1 -1n*.er< 'i. 00-42303-284!
is In the e1ii.92¢eq:.1e:1t triei oi -alewn. It¬lll;;m.£=. [or the murder, ten days
18
-gore necessary to emmlne nearly it-!9 prospective jurors before a jury could
20 7
Zile lmpaneleei. in Much, 1891, the jury returneti ri ~.-erdict of "not guilty" as
22 i
3%! eight, but was unitble to 1-=.~.;w.r_:i1 rm .".[§1"i>9n10nt as to three others. All were25 f
zseturneti to jail in view OI a seven i iwiirxtment pemiliig against them. . .
27 00-42303-284!
'98 , Strong public feeling who nronssed by the verdict. The day following
29 -gghe end of the trin 1, n crew-.i hi mam y iicw irleane citizens stormed the jail,
3geizezi the dei"en-,l1nt.<=., ii:m;J_c.l tn-0, .=n<_i .=:i~/it and hill,-til nine. The Italian
glovernment protested the 1yn:":iiim_*i, inmt i.i92<3 static and local authorities t00k
6
tic- action against the lynch mob diwpite pleas from the United States Secretary
8 . gt State. Italy i.Eie;~!eupon $992.'lred diplomatic relations with this country
3
H-uéurlng 1811i-18?"?-. » -
u3
3
3
3
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:43 Other incidents of miortion, i<i=.inn.ping, and murder took place in
ii'5
ilhe Italian community in New ~.rleans' luring the 189*J's and in the first
117gecade of the 1900's. As a consequence of the kidnaping of the on of a.
Egromlnent Inneml Jireeior in .1 T101, an it milnn t'l[§ll;1nte committee was
'5253
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' M U10 tux-:11 0! L112 c<.'11L'-.::y, I~Ie'.v York City had the largest Italian -1 -
{Op-u11.i '11- 1.1 ;.1'0:...=.:1:1i.c13,' 50'!, C"-~f: ----'15 any Cit? 1'1 We U111i0Li $8185. BY
1908, !i"q<:~ TY:1:1;1 »"*':;:1~::.1:-.t1r::m 5-: .".§Zlt it}-, ini" -Eng H1022 perpetrated by I
Mafiosi, hr"! _='?C11""_¬! so 111:1nern:11.'" :1-'11! U0 fla_';1"."11f1 that they were considered 1
'.vc;rr't in my rxity in the 1.'0u11try. They tn?-c the form of dynimiting 0!
0! 1! »
nnci 7?!-.51-1_-151, -.:i:!:1..':;'1i':[: of 9!?! .'r.~"1, :11-1 l_.~:*"1';1 :1i1.:1§t.10 be U: 3I
Q houses
25 _ _ , . __ .26 .."%c;;. ] ::1:i 1,n:1:E_>i:1<fn 1 ."_:c1::1 of ' :1: 3.11:! st';1r03 in NGVEYOIK City = ,
2?
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rackets were also conducted on an organized scale by larger groups oi
P111]-.081! These gIOtlpB, comprised of criminals steeped in Mafia tactics, wferi
1involved in "shakedowns" which have always been a Mafia trademark.
er prosemitirlg attorney in New York City cited the influence
llan lemons in that city. An;A form
the Nlatfia exerted in the wholesale trade of Sici
Italian established himself as a lemon broker and within a short period had,
olesaiera Under cornered most oi the lemon businesr among Italian fruit wh .
hie "protection, " tiiese -riioleeniers agreed to buy lemons from growers he
e Italian merchants were quick to recogniee this represented in Sicily. Th
broker as a Capo Maiioso, or Malia leader, and knew that harm might befall* H '"W' 5! F
ti?.'.*.ir relatives: in Sicily if his tiictates were not obeyed. ,
in 1909, i1ir?*itF"i:.'mI Giuseppe Petrosino, of the New York City policc
1 im ortimtlrlg Italian criminal groups, including Maiiosl, tiepzu:'tm#.?nt, who 92m.£-'- _ J. .
journeyei to Sicily to ch-'_-*t.k the criminal records of some 1,000 Italian
criminals and 0xCOnvi<*.i-3 then operating in New York City. Petrosino wits
ambushed and. omr-.Ierc"' in a public square in Palermo, Sicily, on the evening
of his '¢11't'i.VI~li. ' I
'iho Petroeino mtrder arouseri much concern among law
officials, becrtuste it we! P111 mt that news of Petroeino'e trip had reachedeniorcemel
~;>
aaiiosi in Siciiy beiore his arrival. lie was murdered as revenge for his
9tftorts in gathering evidence to prosratzute or deport their Mafia comrades in
i1.1. ' 6!
.113 United Fiitte-.
13it; P3; '.vri.1 '»'»':1.r I, Black Iiitud activities in New York City were on the
16"f-acne due niliniy to ztggressive police action in apprehending Black Hand
J 18cglminais, the protective custody zuiorde-:1 witnesses, and the accumulation oi .
20
§ii£iicicnt 0vit'i':n1.:t? for i?~u':ceSs£ui_ prOSE!C921tiOI1. More and more Italians-felt g
52 1! 8! -
- it: in filing cmvpleiints with the pniice against Ulxtcir. mind criminhls.
3. ~'.flli T;l__i£_I!_it
25
26
27
28 . In _Zhica.ga, ate in New '10:~'< City, lunmermm small gangs of two or i
29ggree I92'.+1.ii~'»si t0n'*.ur_.i%3Ll tltcir :.%_v5'-tzwntlt. niacin Han-ti blackmail, extortion, and ;.
ggurder in the iI.:~iia;1 ':j'!'!92gT:§192]¬y ¬"v"=y {wk ar.i.£tr.1.*.."-gr oi Italian family solidarity
314jig levying triixtio, the vie:iimr"- i><:iiw';; ;J1'="*r.*,t1I£!J inin i. .fIf3tiiilfZ to their demands '
36
3Y1" to committing crimes for {war hi imrm to members of their families. This
38gtgepldrttion czrtcnrictl to the pint of rein?-ing to notify the pllce OI threaté ' '
9, 50, 51!
tceived. Th": tmtiitiun of thy Matti ---riezttia to infnrnmnts--was en0ugi1_t0111
H?!
is
tmanviucc ~..ictim.n oi the danger in {'1'-'.l.:92g their prohlcrrs to the police and of the
"'5$cSi.t';1l!!.!it_92' vi pica|.ii'1g igntrarvme or 1111!-i!.ity to identify the principals.
-111?! ..M8
149
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U 2. Kansaa City
1213 i<"rns-as City had its siiaro of Black Hand activities during the
1
%§n1od iowo-1920 when naiuuirrinwnni operated hlthe north end oithe
icgity. During thce two dc-caries, Biacit Hand criminals acquired much valuable
9
gutperiencr: which was to servo thorn well during Prohibition.
21
22 - ith the boginn.lng of Prohibition, a number oi small Italian
23grérlminal groups came into conict vcith onc another over the sale oi sugar '
gtg bootlegpgcra, as well as the theft oi sugar. Many murders and beatlnga
".19 _Qtgccuared as a result of this internocinc warfare. 92-2813-3!
30 -3% in 19.93, an OI~tC1{1l"iSlIl¬T ilniian opcncd a sugar vrnrchouse to
gigupply that rrotrwititlily to illicit r?FTHH IF'-. We »1'Tl."» lritcr zlpproached by
3'5
3l51cal Mafiooi who wanted to "musrlr; En" on his saic-s. An agreement was
een callrr th iugar iiouqo ynrirat" Tach mcmbcr vns given equal37
ieached and fl corporation with about l8 rrenwbcrs was formed which haa
39 -
is . 92 9 _ . 9Ml . 9. . .
hii .
Lil!145 Tho ugar Fou" +?3'nri~1a.lc "1 *- a Mafia nvnnopoly by virtue of its
116u% ares in the ion.-"iincss, and pro'i*s= v.-ore ciistributcci accordingly. 92-2313-3!
iigbsolute control of the ilirgal liquor tra'it= in Kansas City. its income was
Itggealized in a vnricty of lnqcnious '.92:1.§' . y gaining sole control over sugar
géistribution to still oi-.'nr~rr:, tho rywiir-r-.tr* nae: in .1 position to rig the price
53
gqf sugar sold. Most sugar was bought in freight-carload lots, but some of
1'5
:a ....... .. - .. ._-. .. _._ ...... ... ..-..... -.... .. .. ....Ju. was Ubtillt. "3 at nu I-.ZUt'.~t whilievul -- " -"" "-
'57
'58'59i
F
T
ll.
12
13
11+
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Q ii T; - .'92_;'
9 colony of thfit city were involvod in the production oi alcohol by home
Ohztills. Tho. cosy money to be realized from bootlegging appealed to these
12
lgeoplo owl v-'9-; P. major cn~_1c'92 of r' 92ullir!i between tlv» mony gangs of Italians
114 4! G5! 6!lgnd othcr ¬1lZr'n1'-.92?iU.O~?.
l
ig - -"1'r"F'1<'n 4*-l FY.'ll"'"** ""?'""92.v92 his viii? to no".-rlo.*.7,' as the body-
Qguard [or .lolmn_v 'Torrl0, who had imported him from Brooklyn. Torrlo had
21
geucceeomi "P-Ir: Mm" f..olo'.-inw, H1" l"p f""-"92_'{-"4l'T.T of f."ic"."§.1's South Side,
23 W?!
21!.'b.en the l!'lHF1 ~»='r92r= :vwr@lPro" in ? T l.
25 _is Tcvrio ;J"0rQF"lorl to ">;i'*-ul nod to conoolidnte his bootlegglng,
I>8 .3~§?imbllnf§, an *1 vice oper:=tinn== ovow" the or-ti.re n*ctrr.~p:92liia.n area with the aid of
30 "
31on1;;l1i.;><-!_i<<."~ ow! 0-'*-lillr¢'l _1=v.~"~r-4"». Yo ~.-1'1? a.lro :"~"*ccor1f::1 in roacliing
32gggrccviv- !1tq riflw 1hT".oY'-:'*I92*_ '*j' "W f'~~~~il1rar T :rf%*~ cyrxtom of zwnigning
G8
3t62rrltorlr"1 fol =?1ir***":1l oz-ovr"li<n.1'".
37
38 In I924, Torrlo v.=a.<-Y the *'i 'ilm oi an anilaush in which he nearly
39 _lgast his Hie. F.-lo s-'w: Pi in "rr~ii.!n" a.n<.1. to turn ovor hi? reins to Capone.
agar a few §,'er~92".'= PH"? -Torrl0'-C 1' ?ii!¢3m§_92"'., the v'92I!tic¢92l and police protective
nu
I45
fia-iliile eviden-or: is not avail:1.t-in to show conclusively that A1 Capone was one
lit? the T»-Lvfin-=2, he vras in conicci 'v:f¬th tin-n and he use-.I' 1?afi.'-1-type methods.%|1erefore, :1 brief reference to his criminal career is made here to round
at the pirtur" oi tho Maa.
5'31
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53
316 - 43 -
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The r:~<1nCp0ly oi the Papa-1-v gang over other phases of criminality I
N!-.15 shown in the cleaning and riyerhzg industry in Chicago. Threats were made .
ii !ignd acts of -.-iolence were commii.t'2"i by members >1n't organizers of a retail
itééilitlnpj r->6 -"i_92;<~.i.sw_ essotrizttion a{ I5'l'rl;t independent cleaners and dyers who
16lrpfuseti to join. 1- mv-.92.r-It]. org:.'-mt.-".-srr mart: indicts I for dnntztge they had
18
ifiictecl on ind»~p"m-"lent cleaners, int they were m-qnitted in a. trial.
20 .
§%ntimldrati'92n 511121 violence continue I to plague the inrlcpenzlents until one ,
275 4! !
gpasted publicly that he then I1.-.d the "D-;..'=t protection in the world. "
27 - .
'28 . ht the time of C.tpo-92e's trial in 1931 [or Fr: lernl income tax F
29 - Eglfnsion, the iinito-.t ztztter-1 nttorlmy -r¢.l.l1~~Atcd that the ;"gr'!ss annual income§Z'92Jepen'l?nl, in smnormcing that C -'--we had become :1 "partner" in his shop, -
the C;92..*";'me ;*¢~.n_r*, lot<92.iir92.i oi*'J='t T r"Hli"rn doliaro. The director of the
314
jgttlcago "ft-tr" 1 Cor~~nir'..1.ion once rt-~~i1ror.l that tho Cay-one gang was a
36
3c7ri1ninal ortqnxxlmtiotx vzith 9. i s1¤f'l'Zltli. 192o'-var s921rpw..';s=.i11g that oi the Malia -
38 5! - .i'31%| smnti. 92
14qé. Mattie and f '_i1ti_tii§.e5s" giimg '
143 . A _ 92
UH In 1921, police in several trig cities uncovered an early version
115
561 fviurcier, Tnc. , in the form of rt Thiirt gang whicii hut been given the name
1%? _ ""1.-giood Killers. " This group of assassins was suspected of some 125 unsolved "
1 ~ <
qpurders of Italians in 1-Iew York City, t lttsburgh, Detroit, and Chicago
t .92 52
'53 '
511
:15
55 '
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336Lu :ky" Lucirmo. Luciano personified the Americanized faction of the
italian criminal element an-:1 mafle it a point to become friendly and to make i
0
192bner "Longie" 7Wi1]mIl.¢_ 1 *3if : -P !.__ _'
j?=wseri:i':s chief i.ieutenrmt was a young f?-lciiirm nanied Charles
i _i
3
iliiancce; ',Y.'|i|i out;-1i=.ie Italian and non-Ita.1ian hoociiums. Among his friends
'5
6|, 1" I nci C !i1lD. .L5 more T,onir.-"- "i i.p!:o" I.n<;hi|.ii.er, Jacob "C~-urrah" ¬haplr0, 92
- Q . -- . 1 --$92 q -- 1-. 1 ..-v-92 0 1- I92I -n -1. . _ _. B. L I J1 9'92.-TBYBI Ii-21i1S!?.§, HC!i]3.iT92II1 "i,5iigI:Y" UIGQGI, "U3i1l1Y" Pllll ISEISIEI, ll
83!
imrilno tiioronrghiy <.".1'!<11'e:i the i.rr:nd i-'1 crime toward cooperation , _2}:
2
22"
2'2
2
3
33
3
3
9
10
11
12
13
liq
1'5
16
17
1a
*9
20
2122
23
2_u
25
26
ggilvlduals or in small groups, found themselves at the end of Prohlbltlon V
§%ncllng tcrr,-"thcr on :1 wider scale for mutually benecial criminal purposes, 2
~%g0per:1t.lng 92'.lth hoodlums and criminal groups of other nationalities, and 5
ééeratlng ln areas outside the Italian communities.2o
21
22
23
J. If-__!921¥_I1_~. smofz E1*Ii1_ T>;lf_:l_.ff.p@_ll§£5ITION
10
1 1 A . Gmnhling '
12 .~_ 92V$%¢$?__ __
_'g92_=Y;h11;]§? {nlirlb rT*? H rY !Bi1"+'3 '1'. i ._'.l1lZ't1'l beings 110 take 3 chance and
1 -.=$r'1!*.92; win {treat :~r~wr~"92t of 1~*|nf?Y. iih criminals more than eager to J 1'5
16
17
18 mtcr to such :1 hn1r~1nnI:rili*>_~, gramhlinyr ham always been a lush eld 0! V
9
2021 criminwl endeavor. -- ' 1
3% ..i1t.'~ the cw; nf 1t1.~f9211mttlion, tho notlve gangs of the Maiiosi and other
21!
3'5 e. ..'ri.:x"~i'.r~." izavolvmr in :~r<"tr»»'**1.'e !:~t>:>tle;rf{§.*1§t i;-Jlrzaod towards new spheres OI "988?
26 ' 2
2? .92"n0nH}'. " Gamblinrz was rrvltv to order for thorn. In gambling--as in'98 .
g I*.ro!1%!~=tt<>=-1~-rriminnla ;~..1'o.v."<--:.l wlmt many pet;_'@Ie desired even though it was
31 89!19 llleocl in 1-=1:m.1&' f'921'="1_"~. T *1" " f'"'*itr#!i:!¥:1I on l::1m:'!n I§921.."1§.lS.
33
3 1- F?:s??1..¢:.1?o1t
36
Ms has 1_:=:s=n .=-no-*'~ Q the Mniia docs not constitute all oi organized
crime. Rather, it is :1 pm.-t of the whole, distinguishable by characteristic! ' 7 38
39
U0:41 ::~.mi*1.i.."c-.'*nt oi Md stcncrol -}: tho raamc as th.o:-we of the Iv?-la in ltaly. T0 trace
U2
113 =r~.~r.:h ct-out ma! each r-top in the Ixintory of the Mafia in this country would be
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"5 *3?:t 'r>n~2ly riilcnlt it not {mm-'1oib1e shlce no much of its lethal, conspiratorial. I I hf*0
g n¬1l.t'.-rt has been hi,"l'l-."'92 i: 1 1!~ll.c view and oven from law enforcement. ThereQ9
50
51