Rotterdam’s public–private collaborative forum BOX 6 Rotterdam’s Logistiek 010 community is comprised of almost 3,000 logistics companies, government, knowledge institutions and educational bodies, which are working together to remove inefficient journeys and reduce congestion in the city. Together, they have implemented a zero-emissions zone for logistics vehicles, starting in 2025.63Creating incentives Many local and national governments offer incentives to promote zero-emission vehicles. Countries such as China, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States and the Netherlands lead in creating incentives for the development of electric fleets for last-mile delivery.55 Financial institutions also support these initiatives. Zenobē, a UK electric fleet provider, secured £410 million for fleet electrification from investors such as Aviva, Scottish Widows and Société Générale.56 Creating incentives for EV uptake and the installation of charging infrastructure requires significant investment, often benefiting larger companies. Ensuring equity is essential if smaller companies are to gain from these programmes.57 The city government in Delhi offers subsidies and discounted financing to delivery service providers and e-commerce organizations for the EV transition, as it has mandated a transition for such fleets to EVs by early 2030.58Cross-industry collaboration and data sharing Cross-industry collaboration and data sharing require coordination among public authorities, private companies and research institutes to align urban logistics efforts. The ColisActiv’ programme in France subsidizes bike and foot deliveries in exchange for route data to support local infrastructure investments.59 By sharing real-time data on traffic conditions and delivery schedules, stakeholders can optimize space and improve delivery efficiency. Rotterdam’s local government has committed to actions based on data-led private-sector recommendations, including a zero-emissions zone.60 Another initiative includes an urban consolidation centre in Madrid.61 The main challenges to effective collaboration are trust, governance and stakeholder empowerment.62 By sharing real- time data on traffic conditions and delivery schedules, stakeholders can optimize space and improve delivery efficiency. Transforming Urban Logistics: Sustainable and Efficient Last-Mile Delivery in Cities 16

Transforming Urban Logistics 2024